CN105001055B - 基于混合溶剂作为萃取剂的异丙醇‑乙腈共沸物精馏分离方法 - Google Patents
基于混合溶剂作为萃取剂的异丙醇‑乙腈共沸物精馏分离方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
基于混合溶剂作为萃取剂的异丙醇‑乙腈共沸物精馏分离方法,本发明所述的异丙醇‑乙腈萃取精馏工艺由萃取精馏塔、萃取剂回收塔双塔构成,为连续减压操作;萃取剂从萃取精馏塔上端塔板加入、原料从萃取精馏塔下端塔板处加入;萃取精馏塔塔底流股连续进入萃取剂回收塔,进料位置为塔中;萃取剂回收塔塔底萃取剂作为萃取精馏塔溶剂的补充。本发明的最大特征在于萃取选用传统溶剂与离子液体组成的混合萃取剂,在能耗、环境压力、产品纯度方面优势巨大,特别适合大规模的工业化应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于混合溶剂作为萃取剂的异丙醇-乙腈共沸物精馏分离方法,属于特殊精馏技术范畴。该工艺的特点在于萃取剂为加入了离子液体的混合物,萃取剂可回收利用,能耗低,产品质量更高。
背景技术
异丙醇(isopropanol),又名二甲基甲醇、2-丙醇,行业中也作IPA,分子式为C3H8O,化学性质与乙醇、丙醇相似,但是有仲醇的特性,能够溶解生物碱、橡胶、虫胶、山达脂、松香、乳香、合成树脂等多种有机物。此外,它还是精制润滑油的优良脱蜡剂、棉籽油的萃取剂、防冻剂、脱水机、防雾剂,在医药、农药、香料、化妆品、有机合成方面有着广泛的应用。乙腈(acetonitrile),又名甲基氰,分子式为C2H3N,有类似于醚的特殊气味,有优良的溶剂性能,能溶解多种有机、无机和气体物质。乙腈能发生典型的腈类反应,并被用于制备许多典型含氮化合物,是一个重要的有机中间体。乙腈可用于合成维生素A、可的松、碳胺类药物及其中间体的溶剂,还用于制造维生素B1和氨基酸的活性介质溶剂。可代替氯化溶剂。此外还用于乙烯基涂料、脂肪酸的萃取剂、酒精变性剂、丁二烯萃取剂和丙烯腈合成纤维的溶剂,在织物染色,照明,香料制造和感光材料制造中也有许多用途。但是由于两者存在共沸,常规的方法无法得到高纯的两种物质,从而极大的限制了两者的应用,因此开发两者分离的技术十分必要。本发明旨在为两者分离提供一种经济、简便、分离效率高的工艺方法。
精馏是石油化工行业最常用、最基本的分离方法,从上世纪初精馏开始工业化运用开始,已经有100多年的时间,精馏技术也不断得以发展,周边各种技术也不断的与精馏进行结合,创新出新的精馏工艺。当经历过上世纪80年代能源危机,尤其在2008年之后,随着石油价格不断攀升,人们开始意识到提高能源利用率、降低能耗才是未来工业的出路,精馏技术亦是如此。本发明采用是减压萃取精馏,在能耗、投资成本、环境压力方面有较大优势。
离子液体作为一种环境友好型溶剂,最近几年有替代传统溶剂的趋势,也成为各个领域的研究热点,展示了广阔的应用潜力和市场前景。近几年关于离子液体的论文和专利成级数递增,而美国、欧洲、日本更是将离子液体列入国家战略发展规划,许多跨国集团公司如:德国 BASF、德国 Merck、美国 Shell、比利时Bakert、日本三菱等致力于离子液体应用技术研发,其中德国 BASF制备烷氧基苯基膦的 BASIL (biphasic acid scavengingutilising ionic liquids)脱酸技术极大地提高了效率,引起国际社会广泛关注。
离子液体之所以能够成为研究热点,与其自身优良的特性分不开:与传统的有机溶剂和电解质相比,离子液体具有一系列突出优点:①几乎没有蒸气压、不挥发、无色、无味;②有较大的稳定温度范围,较好的化学稳定性及较宽的电化学稳定电位窗口;③通过阴阳离子的设计可调节其对无机物、水、有机物及聚合物的溶解性,并且其酸度可调至超酸。
虽然离子液体具有众多的优点,但是由于目前市场价格昂贵,且萃取剂的用量较大,导致生产成本非常高,因此使用率较低。研究人员发现,离子液体可以与配位剂组成新的离子液体,能够有效降低工业化应用的成本,且同时兼具两者的优点,常用的配位剂有乙二醇、甘油等,本发明选用的配位剂为乙二醇,与离子液体组成混合溶剂。
基于离子液体的优点,精馏工艺中可使用传统有机溶剂与离子液体的混合液作为萃取剂,能够有效的降低传统溶剂的损失(离子液体不挥发、损失率极低,且循环使用),降低生产成本,同时可以提高产品质量。
现有的共沸体系分离手段基本分为两类:共沸精馏和萃取精馏。萃取精馏在产品纯度、能耗方面较共沸精馏具有优势。萃取精馏关键在于萃取剂的选择。对于醇-酯共沸体系,较为常用的萃取剂为乙二醇,目前乙二醇价格在4000~7000元/吨,而新型的离子液体萃取剂价格则十分高昂。例如甲基咪唑类磷酸盐离子液体,目前作为其原料的甲基咪唑市场价格在30000~45000元/吨,而四氟磷酸钠价格在20000~30000元/吨,六氟磷酸钠价格更高达180000元/吨。较传统溶剂,虽然离子液体作为萃取剂有众多优点,但是高昂的投资成本让其工业化应用十分困难。CN103193590A一种连续萃取分离混合醇-水的方法、CN102627556A一种萃取精馏分离甲酸乙酯-乙醇-水的工艺均采用乙二醇作萃取剂;CN103193590A离子液体萃取精馏分离醋酸-水的方法采用离子液体作为萃取剂,而且以上发明均采用常压精馏工艺,能耗成本较大。总而言之,如何降低萃取剂损耗和生产成本、提高产品纯度是目前精馏工艺亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
为了解决目前萃取精馏工艺存在的问题,本发明萃取剂采用配位剂(乙二醇)与离子液体形成混合萃取剂,能够有效提高产品纯度和萃取效率,降低生产成本及能耗。本发明采用的离子液体为1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二乙酯盐 ([emim][dep])、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二丁酯盐 ([bmim][dbp]),同属于烷基咪唑磷酸盐类的离子液体。目前尚未发现关于异丙醇-乙腈共沸体系分离的专利、文献报道或发表,更未见离子液体在该共沸体系应用的工艺出现,因此本发明弥补目前技术上的空缺。本发明最大的优点在于萃取剂选择上的创新,优化了分离工艺,降低了分离能耗,以及得到高质量的乙腈、异丙醇产品,具有极高的推广价值。
该工艺技术方案如下:
1)异丙醇-乙腈混合物由萃取精馏塔中下部连续加入,乙二醇-离子液体组成混合萃取剂从塔上部加入,该塔操作压力为30KPa;
2)萃取精馏塔塔顶能够得到产品纯度99.9%以上乙腈产品,塔底剩余为异丙醇和萃取剂;
3)萃取精馏塔塔底物流进入萃取剂回收塔中部,塔顶得到纯度99.9%以上的异丙醇产品,塔底剩余萃取剂与微量的异丙醇和乙腈,该塔操作压力为25KPa;
4)萃取剂回收塔塔底物流并入萃取剂进料管,作为萃取剂补充。
萃取精馏塔技术参数:该塔理论塔板数为45~80;回流比为1.5~5,操作压力为30KPa;萃取剂为乙二醇(80~90wt%)与离子液体(10~20wt%),萃取剂与原料的进料为1.3~4:1,进料温度为30~40℃,压力为0.1MPa,原料为异丙醇(55wt%)与乙腈(45wt%)的近共沸组成,进料温度为30~40℃,压力为0.1MPa;塔釜控制温度为93℃,塔顶温度控制在61℃。萃取进料位置为3~6块塔板,原料进料位置32~42块塔板。
萃取剂回收塔技术参数:理论塔板数25~60;回流比2~5,操作压力为25KPa;塔釜温度控制在153℃,塔顶温度稳定在51℃,进料位置为18~30块塔板。
附图说明
图1为本发明装置及流程示意图。
流股说明:SOLVENT—萃取剂进塔流股;FEED—原料进塔流股;①—乙腈采出流股;②—萃取剂、异丙醇混合流股;③—异丙醇采出流股;④—萃取剂采出、回流流股。
主要设备说明:T1—萃取精馏塔;T2—萃取剂回收塔;E1、E4—冷凝器;E2、E5—捕集器;E3、E6—再沸器。
具体实施方式
实施例一
基于混合溶剂作为萃取剂的异丙醇-乙腈共沸物精馏分离方法。萃取剂选用乙二醇和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二乙酯盐 ([emim][dep]),用量为1500kg/h;原料处理量为1000kg/h,原料组成为异丙醇(55wt%)与乙腈(45wt%)的近共沸组成。萃取精馏塔塔板数为60,萃取剂进料位置在第5块塔板,原料进料位置在45块塔板。回流比设定为2,塔顶采出速度为550kg/h,得到的乙腈纯度为99.9%。萃取剂回收塔塔板数为30,流股②进料位置为第20块塔板,回流比为1.5,塔顶采出速度为450kg/h,得到的异丙醇纯度为99.9%。塔底萃取剂回流,作为溶剂的补充。
实施例二
萃取剂选用乙二醇和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二丁酯盐 ([bmim][dbp]),用量为3000kg/h,萃取精馏塔塔板数为50,回流比为4,其他条件如实施例一。得到的乙腈跟异丙醇产品纯度均在99.9%以上。
Claims (1)
1.基于混合溶剂作为萃取剂的异丙醇-乙腈共沸物精馏分离方法,其特征在于以下技术参数:
1)萃取精馏塔技术参数:该塔理论塔板数为45~80;回流比为1.5~5,操作压力为30KPa;萃取剂为乙二醇与离子液体,萃取剂与原料的进料为1.3~4:1,进料温度为30~40℃,压力为0.1MPa,原料为异丙醇与乙腈的近共沸组成,进料温度为30~40℃,压力为0.1MPa;塔釜控制温度为93℃,塔顶温度控制在61℃,萃取进料位置为3~6块塔板,原料进料位置32~42块塔板;
2)萃取剂回收塔技术参数:理论塔板数25~60;回流比2~5,操作压力为25KPa;塔釜温度控制在153℃,塔顶温度稳定在51℃,进料位置为18~30块塔板;
3)采用的离子液体为1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二乙酯盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二丁酯盐;
其中,所述萃取剂中乙二醇的质量百分比为80~90wt%,离子液体的质量百分比为10~20wt%;
所述异丙醇与乙腈的近共沸组成原料中异丙醇的质量百分比是55wt%,乙腈的质量百分比是45wt%。
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