CN104997530B - The method of the craniostat and positioning patient of the outer dentistry radiographic apparatus of mouth - Google Patents
The method of the craniostat and positioning patient of the outer dentistry radiographic apparatus of mouth Download PDFInfo
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- CN104997530B CN104997530B CN201510184617.8A CN201510184617A CN104997530B CN 104997530 B CN104997530 B CN 104997530B CN 201510184617 A CN201510184617 A CN 201510184617A CN 104997530 B CN104997530 B CN 104997530B
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- 238000002601 radiography Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 description 32
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 20
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 13
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
- A61B6/51—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for dentistry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/04—Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
- A61B6/501—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for diagnosis of the head, e.g. neuroimaging or craniography
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B2/00—Friction-grip releasable fastenings
- F16B2/02—Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening
- F16B2/18—Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening using cams, levers, eccentrics, or toggles
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
- Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
For obtaining the radiographic X craniostat of dentistry outside mouth.A kind of craniostat (20) of the outer dentistry radiographic apparatus (1) of mouth, the craniostat includes optionally dismountable chin seatings (52) and clamping device (54), it is characterized in that, the clamping device (54) has centering surface, the centering surface has predetermined orientation relative to the centered positions of the clamping device itself, by tightening the centering surface against the tightening surface also relative to clamping device centered positions with predetermined orientation, the clamping device is limited in restriction site, so that under tightening situation, the clamping device (54) brings the correct centered positions on sagittal plane into being automatically also.In addition, describing the method using craniostat.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dentistry digital radiography equipments outside mouth, wherein all places x-ray source and X ray sensor
In patient's oral external.Particularly, the present invention relates to the devices on the immobilized patients head during radiography obtains.The positioning
Device is known in the art, referred to as craniostat (craniostat).
Background technique
External dentistry radiographic apparatus can produce two kinds of radiographies: two-dimentional (2D) radiography or body
(volumetric, 3D) radiography.
In the radiographic X field of two dimension, including panorama radiography and long distance radiography.
Panorama radiography (also referred to as panorama tomography) generation approaches the curved surface of patients jaw (referred to as
Welander bending) radiographic images, so that the anatomical structure outside the streak being located at around the curved surface that is pre-designed is become mould
Paste.This technology is exactly known from the fifties.
Long distance radiography is projection radiography techniques, from different projection generation skull or other anatomic regions
Radiographic images, amplification factor and geometric distortion are minimum.In general, two perspective views are presented, it is side and front and back.
Pencil-beam volume radiography (also referred to as CBCT) is to obtain a series of two-dimentional rays from different projection angles to shine
Phase images, these images will be carried out obtaining post-processing to reconstruct said three-dimensional body.
The outer radiography of mouth is executed by known device, wherein in general, X-ray is respectively set in the both ends in C-arm
Source and X ray sensor, and patient is between them.In general, x-ray source and sensor are surrounded, by positioning device, (cranium is supported
Device) remain stationary patients head rotation.Mechanical part in order to obtain this result and the movement that has to carry out is referred to as track.
Good image in order to obtain, patient must keep during acquisition time (that is, during X-ray emission)
It is static.On the other hand, the s/he easy to accomplish if patient feels comfortable will remain static, and if s/he feels uncomfortable
Or when there is pressure, s/he is more likely moved.
Another important point is, craniostat should be for X-ray as far as possible it is transparent, not form puppet
Picture, pseudomorphism can reduce the diagnosis validity of radiographic images.This has an impact to material and (cannot use metal material), but also to thickness
Degree has an impact, because as thickness increases or even radiolucent material starts to occur in radiography.However, thickness reduces
Bring risk is to make that the rigidity of craniostat is insufficient to assure that the hardness of object and thereby, it is ensured that patient does not move.
In addition, the contact portion of craniostat must be because there is physical contact between patient and non-mobile device
Disposably, it or must be able to carry out disinfection for different patients.
For reasons of safety, it is important that electronic component (cable, motor, actuator, sensor) is not close to patient.
Craniostat must be allowed for the positioning of any patient: the adult of (99 percent) from pediatric patients to large scale
Patient, it is therefore necessary to cooperate skull to measure, to provide wide variability (cranium diameter is from 14cm to 18.5cm).
In order to execute the acquisition of all kinds described later, the outer dentistry radiographic apparatus of mouth allows for executing foot
The different tracks of enough amounts, therefore C-arm needs to carry out the movement of various possibilities around patient.Track have substantial circular or
Semicircular shape, therefore it is enterable " impact resistant cylindrical body " to limit x-ray source and X ray sensor.Once
Define that impact resistant cylindrical body as small as possible, the head of patient and craniostat must all be contained within portion.Therefore, important
Be craniostat be not it is huge, from without being construed as limiting to track.
In order to execute the acquisition (especially long distance radiography) of all kinds, it is necessary to press x-ray path during acquisition
Remove craniostat.
Finally, craniostat must be allowed for professional operator rapidly and easily to position patient.
In order to limit being properly positioned for patients head, referring to anatomic part and the void limited based on anatomic part is also referred to
Quasi-plane is necessary.That main and most widely known is Frankfurt plane (Frankfurt plane), it is across left side
The virtual plane of the upper limb of the lower edge of socket of the eye and each ear canal or external auditory canal immediately below eyes.
In a series of panorama radiographies, there are different types of acquisitions, these acquisitions are all by making to limit in advance
The anatomical structure outside finite layer around plane fogs to obtain.Every kind in this kind of acquisition obtains when positioning patient
There is particular requirement.In order to summarize, the only acquisition of main species below:
Panorama radiography or panorama tomography: patient is usually oriented, and makes the Frankfurt plane water of s/he
It is flat to be disposed relative to obtaining the sagittal of track (sagittally) symmetric position.Two dental arch must not be overlapped, such as just
It is the same under normal occlusal position, but in order to avoid being overlapped in the picture, they must vertically be pulled open on the same plane,
To ensure that they are in focus slot (focal trough).
Side remporomandibular joint (TMJ): in this case, focal plane sagittal condyle head is cut.Preferred positioning is one
Directly make Frankfurt plane horizontally disposed.In order to carry out efficient diagnosis, it is often necessary to be in the case where not relocating patient
It continuously repeats similarly to obtain, one is to open mouth, and one when being that patient is just engaged.
Front and back remporomandibular joint (TMJ): in this case, condyle head is cut coronally (coronally) in focal plane.It is excellent
The positioning of choosing is to pass through Frankfurt plane to horizontally disposed geisoma from the upper limb of ear canal (head turns forward).In order into
Row efficient diagnosis, it is often necessary to be continuously to repeat similarly to obtain in the case where not relocating patient, one is to open
Mouth, one when being that patient is just engaged.
Sting fin (bite-wing): this is the projection very similar with panoramic projection, but alternatively, in the entire of dental arch
Height obtains dental arch, and image is limited to the corona part of tooth.Patient necessarily is in the position as in panorama acquisition, but this is
It is very limited the range of system, it is necessary to be engaged (bite) in predetermined altitude.
In three dimensional acquisition, all visual fields are all reconstructed, accordingly, it is important that in the center analysis anatomy portion of visual field
Position.For small field of view (about 5cm high), important meeting is that patient is aligned to horizontally disposed jaw plane, jaw plane
Desirably pass through from chin end to angle of mandible.By this method, possible metal pseudomorphism is remained in the plane of corona, especially
Third molar teeth and front tooth are in identical plane.
In typical mouth external equipment, the quantity that difference obtains program is about 30；All these programs are above
The variant of the program of the main species of summary.Craniostat exquisite in workmanship should allow to obtain must for diagnostic purpose
The image of all kinds needed.
Summary of the invention
The cranium branch the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of more than basis recited demand and easily and economically manufactured
Holder.
Craniostat of the invention is detachably accepted to the whole object in special support.It can be from the supporting member
Craniostat is dismantled, disassembly is required during equipment Alignment and when executing long distance radiography, because craniostat is in X
In ray path (during long distance radiography, patient is limited by another certain position device).Disassembling system is for operation
It must be simple for personnel and meet ergonomics, it is steady without gradually weakening the necessity of craniostat in its use
It is qualitative.In the present invention, with four pin realization craniostats of four specific pin holes and coupling for supporting member is entered, this four are sold
In it is one longer than other pins.
Reason for clarity, craniostat can be subdivided into two parts:
For supporting the chin of patient and the lower part of clamping device (bite)；
For limit patient forehead and temporal top.
By the cooperation of the two parts, the perfection for obtaining patient is fixed.
The lower part of craniostat includes the support plinth for fixed or detachable part, and support plinth supports patient not
Same anatomical structure (anatomy) part: support the bar (rod) on the top of craniostat, the clamping device of patient, chin supporting member and
The other supporting members obtained for variety classes.Lower base shows the recess towards patient, this opens mouth for obtaining
It is useful with temporomandibular joint radiography when closing both mouthes.
Lower base has clamping device relative to the adjustable height of pedestal itself, to correspond to specific acquisition needs and suffer from
The needs of person's anatomical structure.Clamping device is height-adjustable, it is necessary to be limited in different height.It can be between minimum to maximum
Between any height (be not present predetermined altitude) continuously limit clamping device；For tooth sail position, it is only necessary to predetermined altitude.Bullet
The small operating stick that spring carries has reached correct height to operator's instruction, without must be by operator photographically
The instruction of the clamping device trunk of inspection (as the recess as reference or with color dot).
The shape of clamping device must assure that the smallest ray impermeability；For this purpose, selection arcuate shape substitutes L shape.
In general, clamping device is used together from the disposable cover replaced for patient health for different patients；Clamping device is only by one
Kind material is made, and being optionally can autoclave sterilization.
The thickness of material is as small as possible, to ensure radioparency, so that clamping device is in radiographic images
It is sightless.
The adjusting of clamping device height is free；Once reaching desired height, just by being arranged in the front of pedestal
Clamping device is limited in correct position by operating stick.
Clamping device is being rotated freely in its seat before limiting, and facilitates the positioning of patient in this way；However, when passing through it
When clamping device is limited in its correct height by operating stick, clamping device is felt relieved (centering) with being automatically also, to ensure patient just
Really it is located on sagittal plane.
According to one embodiment, clamping device is limited in by desired locations by operating stick, in addition to limiting in vertical direction
Except clamping device processed, operating stick also sagittal ground rotating clutch part itself, so that it be made to be in and the symmetrical position in sagittal plane.
Liang Ge bar branch is branched out from pedestal, supports the top of craniostat；The distance between clamping device point and bar to the greatest extent may be used
Can be most short, to allow sensor to pass through in the case where not colliding, but ensure simultaneously bar obtain plane outside, because
This, in the region to fog.
Chin supporting member be also it is dismountable, with using craniostat, (remporomandibular joint is dehisced with allowing most purposes
It obtains).By two pins with equal length, connection is realized.
About the top of craniostat, for regulating mechanism by friction operation, it is inelastic for allowing them in this way.In this way
The advantages of be, craniostat can be made of plastic material, so that it is guaranteed that radioparency and preventing from causing due to metal
Scatter pseudomorphism.
Multiple supporting-points of patients head to carry out patient comfortable and highly stable positioning.
Diameter difference between very big patient and impact resistant cylindrical body is very limited, about 2-3cm.Therefore, cranium
The limited thickness of supporter allows not only to execute complicated track, but also obtaining in radiography the maximal rays of craniostat can be saturating
Property.
In craniostat of the invention, select the positioning different from the system using electromagnet or reloading spring basic
Principle.In such systems, craniostat crystallized ability depend in the first scenario operator tighten regulating mechanism reach
Any degree depends on what degree spring is preloaded up in the latter case.Therefore, this object is highly stable, and
And it is very rigid, it is not as snug as a bug in a rug for patients.On the other hand, in craniostat of the invention, regulating system hair
Then the effect of waving limits contact point and is in the position, to allow to carry out so that being operated first personnel for contact point close to patient
The much better adjusting of anatomical structure and comfort level for patient.It is adjusted for each, operator obtains tactile and/or acoustics
Feedback.
Detailed description of the invention
Further advantage and property of the invention discloses in the following description, based on the attached drawing example that the present invention will be described in detail
Property embodiment:
Fig. 1 is the perspective view for obtaining the equipment of panoramic picture, body image, long distance radiographic images；
Fig. 2 is the perspective view of craniostat of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of the supporting member of craniostat；
Fig. 4 be craniostat lower part with by craniostat lower part be connected between its supporting member of equipment couple it is thin
Section；
Fig. 5 is the view of the lower part of craniostat；
Fig. 6, Fig. 6 a are the details of the limiting mechanism of clamping device；
Fig. 7, Fig. 7 a, Fig. 7 b, Fig. 7 c are the details of clamping device trunk；
Fig. 8 is the details of the system of connections between chin supporting member and craniostat pedestal；
Fig. 9 is the details of nasal bone supporting member；
Figure 10 is the perspective view on the top of craniostat；
Figure 11 is the perspective view of the details of forehead supporting member；
Figure 12 is the sagittal section for the forehead supporting member being inserted into crossbeam；
Figure 13 is the perspective view of the details of arm limiting mechanism；
Figure 14, Figure 14 a and Figure 14 b are the details of the work of arm limiting mechanism；
Figure 15 a and Figure 15 b are located at the top view of the horizontal profile of two patients in craniostat.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the outer radiographic apparatus 1 of typical mouth of the prior art, and the outer radiographic apparatus 1 of mouth includes: x-ray source
7, the collimatied beam of X-ray is projected through (unshowned) patient；Two-dimensional x-ray sensor 8, is provided in X-ray
The intensity of X-ray is measured after patient；Device 5 is used to be positioned to be placed between x-ray source and sensor by patient；C
Arm 6, x-ray source 7 and sensor 8 described in overhang bracket；Mechanical system, allow the C-arm enclose be rotated about a patient and
Translation, to obtain radiographic images from various positions；(unshowned) electronic circuit, such as it is used to adjust and synchronizer
Various parts work.The position of C-arm can be adjusted for the height of patient, this is because column 4 is being fixed on by pedestal 2
It is slided on the column 3 of ground.The outer radiographic apparatus 1 of mouth may also include for the radiographic X arm 11 of long distance, and another patient's determines
Position device 13 is fixed to the arm 11, and long distance radiography sensor 15 is detachably secured on supporting member 12.
Craniostat 20 of the invention is shown as disconnecting with the equipment 1 for obtaining radiograph in Fig. 2；When cranium branch
When holder 20 is connected, it is at the position in Fig. 1 with 5 instructions.Craniostat is placed in its special support 30,
Special support 30 is the part of patient positioning 5；Supporting member 30 is shown in FIG. 3.
Fig. 4 shows coupling between the lower part 22 of craniostat 20 and supporting member 30, and supporting member 30 will be under craniostat
Portion is connected to equipment 1.Connection craniostat and supporting member are realized by four pins 45,46 being assemblied in its particular bore；In pin
It is one longer than other pins.Longer pin is to ensure that the pin of optimal join precision, this is because the minimum connection in each hole is held
Difference, and by remaining shorter pin 45 ensure craniostat be properly positioned and stability.The selection and life of difference connection tolerance
It is related to the Discussing Convenience that operator is coupled to produce cost.Spring-loaded pressure plate acts on pin, to inform operator
It is realized craniostat and is coupled with the perfection of supporting member, ensure that maximum stability.When the whole length of pin 46 is inserted
When entering in its hole, compressed spring, operation for operator provides acoustics (metal click) and tactile, and (what is vertically moved rubs
Wipe) feedback.Spring-loaded pressure plate is indispensable having strong market potential on 46, and is optional on three short pin 45.
For clearly reason, as shown in Figure 2, craniostat 20 can be subdivided into top 21 and lower part 22.Pass through bar
23 connection connects the two parts 21 and 22.In paragraph followed by, the lower part of craniostat will be described.
In Fig. 5, the lower part of craniostat 20 is shown as being placed on supporting member 30 and equipped with chin seatings 52.
The lower part 22 of craniostat has firm banking 41, and firm banking 41 is provided with the operating stick 53 for limiting clamping device 54.Root
According to the needs of different acquisitions, chin seatings 52 and clamping device 54 are dismountable.
It is in as most wide as possible by the distance between the clamping device 54 of restriction site and bar 23 d with what dotted line indicated, so that
Bar 23 is detached from focus slot, but in impact resistant cylindrical body.In the preferred embodiment, the distance d is 55mm.
When operating stick 53 is in its non-constrained position (at a position in two extreme position, for example, completely
In left side) when, the freely vertical sliding motion on the direction indicated by linear double-head arrow of clamping device 54, and with the double arrows of arc
Freely (pivot) is pivoted on direction indicated by head.When positioning patient, this setting is particularly comfortable, because of operation
Personnel pass through operating stick 53 first and unlock the limitation of clamping device 54 and by it towards a rotation in two bars 23, by patient
Chin be placed in chin seatings 52, clamping device 54 is then located in by vertical adjusting clamping device 54 by the oral cavity of patient
It is interior.When operator limits the position (for example, making operating stick completely on right side) of clamping device 54 by operating stick 53, clamping device
54 are automatically positioned due to its specific shape in its correct sagittal position.
It includes mechanism in pedestal 41 that Fig. 6, which is shown for limit clamping device 54,.When to be in its unrestricted for operating stick 53
When position processed, trunk 61 is in the part of the circular section in the hole 63 with block 62, therefore is moved freely through.When operating stick 53
When in its constrained position, block 62 is pushed by cam 65, with compressed spring 64 in the direction of the arrow.Hole 63 has triangle
The part of section is connected to trunk 61, to limit it by friction.Trunk 61 has triangle horizontal section when it is turning,
To allow not only to have larger friction and but also be automatically placed in center on sagittal plane.Axis A-A' shows to cut open shown in Fig. 6 a
The plane in face and the effect for allowing to more fully understand block.Hole 63 has part into round and portion's triangulation section,
Trunk 61 has triangular cross-section, and trunk 61 is connected to the gable in hole 63 when being restricted.When making operating stick 53 again
When in unrestricted position, the rotation of cam 65 and the pushing block 62 on the direction opposite with arrow of spring 64, to discharge
Couple between the triangular cross-section of the trunk 61 of the triangular cross-section and clamping device 54 in hole 63.
As can be seen from the figure, triangular cross-section means the part on the surface demarcation (delimitation) in hole (at least
It is in the specific axial length of clamping device itself) there are two walls that is opposite and assembling for tool.These walls preferably relative to comprising
The diameter in hole 63 and the plane of the longitudinal axis are symmetrically arranged, this diameter converges towards the second-class of the angle that wall limits with by the two
Subangle is consistent.
The rest part of the periphery delimitation surface in hole 63 can have any shape, be cylinder in this embodiment,
That is, having circular section；Wedge-like portion and cylindrical part are seamlessly blended together.
There is the section substantially similar with the section in hole 63 in the part of at least its axis vertical elongation of trunk 61, but
It is dimensionally smaller and the trunk 61 both can have been slided axially with relative to chin seatings adjust clamping device height,
It again can radially (that is, a part on the surface for making trunk itself is formed on the direction of wedge shape) sliding.There are two pictures for trunk tool
The convergence wall 63 of the same wall converged towards of wedge, preferably hole 63 is also having the same in the relative direction of the wall
Angle is moved since the convergence wall in hole 63.
Tightening device (that is, the mechanism controlled by operating stick) is violent on the formation wedge shape direction of the wedge-like portion of the trunk
In the wedge-like portion for pushing away trunk access aperture 63, to not only be limited in the axial direction but also when trunk is rotated around itself longitudinal axis
The trunk.Meanwhile although it not being tightened under situation the not only axially sliding but also around it of trunk 61 in hole 63 in trunk 61
The axis rotation of itself, but under above-mentioned tightening situation, not only trunk is restricted in its rotation, but also due to trunk 61 and hole 63
General wedge-like shape, cause the wedge-like portion of the trunk and clamping device to be therefore forced in required center, it is described in
Heart position is the shape and orientation definition of the wedge-shaped surface of both through hole 63 and trunk 61.
What therefore the general plotting of the expression of form described in present embodiment was made of following facts: trunk 61 and its receiving
Hole 63 all has the complementary surface of contact, these surfaces have scheduled angle orientation and shape, to be in trunk 61 in hole 63
Tightening situation；The surface contacts and limits the predetermined angular orientation that trunk surrounds itself axis.
Fig. 7 shows the another details of the clamping device 54 especially useful when fin is stung in acquisition, and acquisition stings fin and needs to suffer from
Person is located in predetermined altitude.For this purpose, the trunk 61 of clamping device 54 has the contoured of its horizontal section.For above with
The reason of clamping device self-centering correlation is illustrated, top have substantial circular section, and about in midway, its underpart becomes
Triangle or wedge shape.In addition, trunk 61 has horizontal recess 71 in predetermined altitude.Inside pedestal 41, it is pre- that there is also springs 73
The small operating stick 72 first loaded carries out constant friction using virtual undetectable mode against trunk 61.When make recess 71 pairs
When Ying Yu little operating stick 72, there is the acoustics and touch feedback to operator, operator, which is apprised of accurately to have reached, stings the wing
The position that piece obtains.Same be directed to stings sail position, passes through the limitation that operating stick 53 realizes clamping device 54.
Fig. 7 a shows the sagittal part for the clamping device 54 being maintained between patient teeth, and Fig. 7 b shows 54 end of clamping device
Top view.The part that the front tooth of patient's s/he is bitten is small.In figure 7 a, the front 74 of this part is shown, this part has
Net non-passivation angle (net, not blunted angle), with the upper front tooth 101 for ensuring and then being located on same level and Xiamen
Tooth 102 stops；By this method, panoramic picture result has accurately focuses as far as possible.On the other hand, rear portion 75 be taper and
It is rounded (tapered and rounded), preferably to cooperate the anatomical structure (Welander curve 103) of patient and reduce
The thickness for the material that X-ray passes through.But it must assure that with this decrement that angle [alpha] indicates be sufficiently used for labial teeth in fig.7b
Installation position.In the preferred embodiment, the angle [alpha] is between 15 degree to 25 degree.
About clamping device 54, for not occurring not generating the purpose of pseudomorphism in the radiograph, optimize clamping device 54.Cause
This, clamping device 54 is realized using ray permeable plastics material.In addition, its profile has specific shape, to allow to make plastics material
The quality of material minimizes.As can be seen in Fig. 7 c, in the downside of the arch section 76 of clamping device, existing and reducing clamping device thickness
The recess 77 of degree.In order to keep the purpose of its rigidity, in clamping device 54, exist in portions of proximal combination in clamping device distal side
Distinguishing two ribs 78 in part；On the rib, patient's bring stress is released.
In fig. 8 it is shown that the connection between chin seatings 52 and pedestal 41.Pass through two pins 81 with equal length
Connection is formed with 82；Pin 81, which is inserted into, to be made to couple in the hole that tolerance reduces.The more loose true permission operator of the connection of pin 82
It is easy to be inserted into its hole, and the accurate connection of pin 81 ensures the stability of assembling.The weight of patients head is enough to ensure that
Required does not move, therefore, without spring-loaded pressure plate or similar device.Almost in all acquisitions (in addition to remporomandibular joint
Acquisition) in need that there are chin seatings 52, during this period, it is necessary to disassemble chin seatings 52.
Briefly, when disassembling chin seatings 52, replace chin seatings 52 with nose supporting member 90, in nose supporting member
On 90, patient disposes the spina nasalis anterior of s/he as illustrated in fig. 9.Nose supporting member 90 by two pins 91 and 92 with beg for above
In the identical hole being inserted by the pin 81 and 82 of identical tolerance insertion chin seatings 52.When patient 100 is placed in
When on nose supporting member 90, recess 93 on the pedestal 41 of craniostat 20 allow s/he easily open and close she/her mouth, and
It does not need to relocate patient.
In paragraph followed by, the top of craniostat will be described in.The top of craniostat must protect patient
It holds in required position, most suitable point for this purpose allows for the cross of the forehead (on sagittal plane) of patient, cranium
To part (laterally), the end section (below) of patient bone.
In fig. 10, it is illustrated that the top 21 of craniostat, the forehead seatings 105 including the lateral part for cranium
With two mobile seatings 107.The height on bar 23 of upper part 21 is adjustable.Particularly, top 21 includes crossbeam 104,
Crossbeam 104 has the hole for allowing to slide on bar 23.On crossbeam 104, there are forehead seatings 105 be slidably inserted into it is therein
Hole.
In addition, there are two forearms 106 of connection, the two forearms 106 can carry out independently from each other on crossbeam 104
It pivots, is adjusted with the width of the cranium for patient, to also accommodate the patient with significant asymmetry.At two
The end of arm 106, there are two small bows 107, are inserted into fulcrum freely about it and independently pivot.Arm 106 and small
Bow 107 all has their fulcrum, is rotated with the axis around vertical axis or longitudinal axis general parallel orientation with patients head.
In two ends of each bow 107, there is two be placed on patient skin optionally dismountable rubber
Head or gasket 108.In addition, there are slit 109, slit 109 allows optional (unshowned) band in the end of each arm 106
Substantially insertion ring is in the soft bendable material at the rear portion of patients head, further move s/he not.Being using band can
Hobby that is selecting and depending on operator's individual.
In Figure 11, the details for the forehead seatings 105 slided in (unshowned) crossbeam 104 is shown.Forehead placement
Part 105 has specific curved profile, and end is wide seating surface 111, fixes in wide mounting surface 111 by soft material (silicon
Resin, natural gum, foam) made of small (optionally, removably) cushion, to improve users'comfort.The wheel of seating surface 111
Wide slightly arc, preferably to cooperate the anatomical structure of patient.
Inside the crossbeam 104 that reason for clarity is removed from Figure 11, there are end stroke apparatus.Forehead seatings
105 freely in sliding in the crossbeam 104 of limitation (upper limit and a lower limit) there are two bands.Lower limit is due to seating surface
Caused by 111 facts bigger than the seat that forehead seatings 105 are slided in it.The upper limit is caused due to terminating stroke apparatus 112
, terminate stroke apparatus 112 and is provided with two small teeth 113 for executing slightly constant friction in forehead seatings 105.
Engagement between the tooth 113 and recess 114 of 105 upper end of forehead seatings prevents forehead seatings 105 surprisingly to be detached.
But all components are designed to so that intended pressure allows its seat from brow bar 104 to detach seatings 105, with into
Row cleaning, replacement etc..If carrying out specific acquisition to need, optional intermediate recess can correspond to the pre- of forehead seatings 105
Positioning is set.
Figure 12 shows the sagittal section of the forehead seatings 105 in its being inserted into crossbeam 104.It shows forehead peace
Set the working mechanism of part 105.Pass through the prominent working mechanism of hollow dotted arrow in Figure 12.Substantially, when patient is by s/he
Forehead when being placed on seating surface 111, s/he applies the given pressure represented with hollow arrow c.The vector of power is at two
Point A and B has two components shown in a and b arrow, to limit the sliding of forehead seatings 105 due to friction.It is another
Aspect, when the finger of operator acts on point E and/or F to apply pressure e and f, these vectors also have in point A and B
Two components represented with arrow a' and b'.Therefore, forehead seatings 105 is allowed to slide in its seat in crossbeam 104.Research
The profile of forehead seatings 105 so that limitation and sliding mechanism can when forehead seatings 105 are slided in its seat the volume
It works any position that head seatings 105 are passed through.
In forehead seatings 105, in point E and F, there are two recess, accurately to work as s/he to operator's instruction
To where applying pressure when wanting the position of height adjustment forehead seatings 105.According to the profile of forehead seatings 105, show and
It is clear to, also realizes its height adjustment in a thickness direction.
Figure 13 shows the details of arm limiting mechanism, inside it the lasso or nut 134 of insertion guidance limitation screw rod 133.
Arm 106 (not shown in this Figure) on pivot 131 with their fulcrum, in this way permission according to the width of patient's cranium come
Them are adjusted, the width shows big changeability.When enabling limiting mechanism, limitation screw rod 133 enters and contact block
132, one is formed with crossbeam 104, thus friction needed for generating limitation system.Limitation screw rod 133 is rotatably inserted into and operates
It in the lasso 134 that bar 135 connects, is protruded from structure itself, to be used by operator, just as being carried out by swivel ferrule 134
Control is the same.Due to screw thread and its substantially fixed fact, the rotation of lasso causes screw rod to be axially moved.
Operating stick 135 can rotate between two extreme positions, and first in described two extreme positions position is being schemed
It is shown in 10 (upward), and second in described two extreme positions position shows (outside) in Figure 15 b.Work as operating stick
When being in upward position as shown in Figure 10, arm 106 is rotated freely in the case where no friction around its pivot 131.It is another
Aspect, when operating stick 135 is rotated down, it will limit the block 132 that meets in any position between two extreme positions,
The position is proportional to the width of the cranium of patient.
After patient is contained in craniostat 20, operator is according to the anatomical structure regulating arm 106 of patient
Then operating stick 135 is rotated down by position.
Figure 14 is shown specifically the work of the limiting mechanism of arm.This illustrates the rotation along system lasso 134- screw rod 133
The section of axis.Limitation the distance between screw rod 133 and block 132 and the anatomical structure of patient proportionally change.When the head of patient
When lid bone is small and therefore screw rod 133 is big at a distance from block 132, in order to reach block, it will need to turn than screw rod needed for big cranium
Dynamic more greatly to rotate screw rod 133, this is ensured by the reach of screw rod 133.It is pushed away when by swivel ferrule
When dynamic limitation 133 contact block 132 of screw rod, limitation arm 106 is generated between lasso 134 and the conjunction plane of screw flight 133
Friction.Block is only worked up in the side of opening arms 106, because the head of patient is on the direction closed.
The section of screw thread 141 is substantially that inequilateral is trapezoidal, wherein the angle of the inclined surface to work together with lasso is
Different.The diameter m of selected angle, the lead p of screw thread and head number and screw rod 133 is operated in operator
Cooperating when bar 135, it is mobile to form fluid；On the other hand, when operating stick 135 is in the agretope proportional to patient anatomy
When setting, friction is enough to limit patient.
Figure 14 shows the preferred embodiment based on the surface system of connections by friction limitation moving parts.However, base
In same principle, there are many other possible embodiments, some of embodiments are shown in Figure 14 a and Figure 14 b.
Figure 14 a shows Wedge device, wherein the movement of the conceptive Stiff Block 133a for being equal to screw rod 133 is by wedge
142 limitations.According to Stiff Block 133a at a distance from block 132a, the variable number of wedge 142 by with the anatomical structure of patient at
Reduce to ratio.
On the other hand, Figure 14 b shows sawtooth device, wherein the movement of the conceptive Stiff Block 133b for being equal to screw rod 133
It is limited by mirror surface zigzag object 143.The shortcomings that this construction, is that it only discontinuously works, and does not allow to be continuously adjusted.
The level of the cranium of very big patient 100a and very small patient 100b is shown respectively in Figure 15 a and Figure 15 b
Section.Comparison between the two figures is so that understand the different location of forehead seatings 105 and arm 106.Particularly, scheming
In 15a, forehead seatings 105 are set up, prominent few relative to crossbeam 104 due to its curved profile.Arm 106 is in it
Maximum stretches out, therefore operating stick 135 is very close to their upward unrestricted position.On the contrary, in fig. 15 a, forehead
Seatings 105 are down-set to terminate travel position in it, significantly prominent towards forehead, and arm 106 be in they to
Interior maximum elongation, therefore operating stick 135 is in their extreme restriction site, protrudes outward.
In Figure 15 a and Figure 15 b, the part of impact resistant cylindrical body is represented with dotted line perimeter 151.This allows to understand,
In the two extreme positions, even with very big patient, patient-craniostat of assembling is also maintained at the cylindrical body
It is internal.Particularly, space occupied by the operating stick 135 proportional to the anatomical structure of patient of position and pass through closure arm
106 and the space vacated is identical, then to the diameter of lower skull.By this method, patient-craniostat of assembling is always held at
In impact resistant cylindrical body 151.
As already explained, for each acquisition (panoramic picture；Remporomandibular joint image；Sting fin image；Three-dimensional figure
Picture), positioning needs to be different.In the following, the method that explanation positions patient in the case where panorama obtains, this is likely to be most clear
Chu and general situation.Operator executes following steps:
According to image to be obtained, craniostat 20 is fixed to its supporting member in radiographic apparatus 1 by operator
On 30；Once it is positioned, s/he just places detachable accessory (clamping device 54, chin seatings 52)；S/he is by operating stick
53 are located in its unrestricted position；S/he lifts forehead seatings 105；S/he fully opens arm 106；S/he is with once
Property guard member cover clamping device 54 and be inserted into towards a bar 23 rotate hole 63 in.
Patient 100 is contained in equipment 1 by operator；Patient is required to hold shank 9；
Firstly, operator adjusts the lower part 22 of craniostat 20；Patient be required by she/her chin is placed in down
In bar seatings 52；Operator adjusts the height of slide post 4, to provide correct tilt for patients head；
Patient is required to open the mouth of s/he and clamping device 54 is rotated and reduced, until front 74 contacts s/he
Lower front tooth (102)；
Patient is required to bite clamping device 54, by the front tooth abutting front 74 of s/he；
Operator limits clamping device 54 using operating stick 53；For only needing the operator of moving operation bar
And for the patient for not being forced to extrusion equipment 1 (wherein the position of clamping device has been fixed), limit at patient
It is particularly easy in correct position；
Then, operator adjusts the top 21 of craniostat 20；Operator adjusts the height of crossbeam 104, thus will
It is slided on bar 23；Operator reduces forehead seatings 105 to contact patients head；Optionally, operator will be elastic
Band is fixed in slit 109 and also limits the rear portion of patients head；
The opening of operator's regulating arm 106, so that bow 107 contacts the side of patient's cranium；Once it was found that having
Contact, s/he are in comfortable position for patients with regard to moving operation bar 135, to limit arm 106.
This moment, operator moves away equipment 1 and can start to emit X-ray.
Recess on 1 mouthful of 77 arch section of external equipment
2 pedestal, 78 rib
3 fixed columns 81 are accurately sold
4 slide post, 82 loose pin (loose pin)
5 patients position 90 nose supporting members
6 C-arms 91 are accurately sold
7 X-ray emitter, 92 loose pin
8 X ray sensors 93 recess
9 shank, 100 patient
The radiographic X big patient of arm 100a of 11 long distances
The 12 small patients of long distance radiography sensor support 100b
Front tooth in the radiographic X patient's positioning 101 of 13 long distances
Radiographic X 102 lower front tooth of X ray sensor of 15 long distances
20 craniostat, 103 Welander curve
104 crossbeam of top of 21 craniostats
The 105 forehead seatings of lower part of 22 craniostats
23 bar, 106 arm
107 bow of supporting member of 30 craniostats
108 Rubber end of pedestal of 41 craniostats
45 short pins 109 are with slit
46 have strong market potential 111 forehead seatings surfaces
52 chin seatings 112 terminate stroke apparatus
53 operating stick, 113 tooth
54 clamping devices 114 recess
61 clamping device trunk, 131 pivot
62 pieces 132 pieces
63 holes 133 limit screw rod
64 spring 133a Stiff Blocks
71 sting fin recess 133b Stiff Block
72 small 134 lassos of operating stick or nut
73 spring, 135 operating stick
74 front, 141 thread contour
75 rear portion, 142 wedge
76 arch section, 143 zigzag object
151 impact resistant cylindrical bodies
Claims (7)
1. a kind of craniostat (20) of the outer dentistry radiographic apparatus (1) of mouth, the craniostat (20) include be adapted to from
The chin seatings (52) and clamping device (54) of the supporting member disassembly of patient positioning,
It is characterized in that,
The clamping device (54) has centering surface, and the centering surface has relative to the centered positions of the clamping device itself
Predetermined orientation, by tightening the centering table against the tightening surface also relative to clamping device centered positions with predetermined orientation
The clamping device is limited in restriction site by face, so that the clamping device (54) brings arrow into being automatically also under tightening situation
Correct centered positions in shape plane,
Wherein, the trunk (61) of the craniostat (20) includes the lower part with transverse triangle shape or wedge-shaped cross section, tightening dress
Set in place, and centring means (63) has and to cooperate under tightening situation with the transverse triangle shape of trunk (61) or wedge-shaped cross section
Triangle or wedge-like portion, the centring means (63) includes guiding surface.
2. craniostat (20) according to claim 1, wherein the end of the clamping device (54) shows:
Front (74), with non-obtuse, to ensure that upper front tooth (101) and lower front tooth (102) stop, thus the upper front tooth
(101) it is located on same level with the lower front tooth (102)；
Rear portion (75) for taper and is rounded, preferably to cooperate the anatomical structure of patient, i.e., preferably cooperates
Welander curve (103), and reduce the thickness for the material that X-ray passes through.
3. craniostat (20) according to claim 1, wherein the clamping device (54) is by ray permeable plastics material system
At the recess (77) of the thickness including the reduction clamping device and two ribs (78), described two ribs (78) are in the clamping device
Distal part have any different and the portions of proximal of the clamping device combine；On the rib, patient's bring stress is released
It puts.
4. craniostat (20) according to claim 1, wherein the clamping device (54) shows recess (71), described
Recess (71) provides accurate positioning of the feedback for the clamping device (54) to operator and stings fin radiograph to obtain.
5. craniostat (20) according to claim 1, wherein the craniostat (20) itself is from its supporting member (30)
Detachably and/or the lower part of the chin seatings (52) from the craniostat (20) is detachable；By the way that there are at least two
Pin (45,46；81,82) lower part and the chin of the craniostat (20) and pedestal and/or the craniostat are realized
Connection between seatings (52)；One in the pin (46,81) is held relative to other pins (45,82) with lower connection
Poor and/or longer length.
6. one kind utilizes cranium branch described in any one of -5 according to claim 1 outside mouth in dentistry radiographic apparatus (1)
The method that holder positions patient, method includes the following steps:
Patient (100) is contained in the equipment (1) by operator；
Firstly, the operator adjusts the lower part (22) of craniostat (20)；Patient is required to dispose the chin of s/he
On chin seatings (52)；The operator adjusts the height of slide post (4), suitably to tilt the head of patient；
Patient is required to open the mouth of s/he, rotates and reduce clamping device (54), until front (74) contact under s/he
Until front tooth (102)；
Patient is required to bite the clamping device (54), the front tooth of s/he rested on the front (74),
It is characterized in that,
The operator is vertical using operating stick (53) and sagittal limit the positions of the clamping device (54).
7. according to the method described in claim 6, wherein, for obtaining dentistry radiography outside the mouth for stinging fin radiograph
Patient is positioned in equipment (1), the method also includes following steps: due to mentioning by the way that there are horizontal recess (71) to operator
For feedback, the clamping device (54) is limited in predetermined altitude.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITBO2014A000220 | 2014-04-17 | ||
| ITBO20140220 | 2014-04-17 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104997530A CN104997530A (en) | 2015-10-28 |
| CN104997530B true CN104997530B (en) | 2019-08-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201510184617.8A Active CN104997530B (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2015-04-17 | The method of the craniostat and positioning patient of the outer dentistry radiographic apparatus of mouth |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9439609B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2942014B1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101813472B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104997530B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USD810304S1 (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2018-02-13 | Cefla Societá Cooperativa | Head support |
| JP6811716B2 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2021-01-13 | トロフィー | Dental Imaging Equipment and Methods for Positioning Subjects for Dental Radiation Transmission Imaging |
| ITUA20162728A1 (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2017-10-20 | Cefla Soc Cooperativa | cephalostat |
| FI127695B (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-12-14 | Planmeca Oy | X-ray apparatus and patient support arrangement |
| CN109480895B (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2024-05-21 | 枣庄市立医院 | Medical imaging plain X-ray shooting body position auxiliary device |
| CN113796876A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2021-12-17 | 合肥美亚光电技术股份有限公司 | A positioner and oral cavity CBCT for oral cavity CBCT |
| CN113967031B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-03-01 | 陈勇 | Head fixing device for CT (computed tomography) examination of skull |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3936641A (en) * | 1974-10-21 | 1976-02-03 | Pennwalt Corporation | Head immobilizing device for panoramic x-ray apparatus |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI92973C (en) * | 1991-05-06 | 1995-02-10 | Planmeca Oy | Procedure and apparatus for panoramic X-ray photography |
| CN2376267Y (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2000-05-03 | 威海市文登中心医院 | Curved surface X-ray machine jaw device |
| DE102004041440A1 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2006-03-02 | Dürr Dental GmbH & Co. KG | Method for determining the desired relative position of a patient in a dental panoramic X-ray device or the target path on which this is moved with respect to a patient and a device suitable for this purpose |
| US7195395B2 (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2007-03-27 | Kerrhawe Sa | Dental sensor clamp |
| US20060227939A1 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-10-12 | Gendex Corporation | Bite piece for a dental x-ray system |
| DE102006021639A1 (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-15 | Sirona Dental Systems Gmbh | Dental X-ray apparatus comprising a patient positioning on a support part with a forehead support |
| KR101787119B1 (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2017-11-15 | 다카라 텔레시스템즈 가부시키가이샤 | Radiation image pickup device and image pickup method by radiation, and data processing device |
| FI126561B (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2017-02-15 | Planmeca Oy | Support for the patient in orthodontic x-ray equipment |
| CN201719264U (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-01-26 | 天津医药集团众健康达医疗器械有限公司 | Panoramic X-ray machine jaw support |
| US9642582B2 (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2017-05-09 | Trophy | Shield for patient positioning in extra-oral imaging |
| CN203524692U (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2014-04-09 | 四川九九天目医疗器械有限公司 | A lower jaw fixing device for oral cavity computed tomography |
| CN203388877U (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2014-01-15 | 薛永福 | Panoramic tooth photography positioner for radiology department |
| KR101838349B1 (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2018-03-13 | 쎄플라 쏘씨에타 쿠퍼라티바 | Craniostat for acquiring extraoral dental radiographies |
| KR101796350B1 (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2017-11-09 | 쎄플라 쏘씨에타 쿠퍼라티바 | Craniostat for acquiring extraoral dental radiographies |
-
2015
- 2015-04-10 KR KR1020150050836A patent/KR101813472B1/en active Active
- 2015-04-15 US US14/687,027 patent/US9439609B2/en active Active
- 2015-04-16 EP EP15163924.2A patent/EP2942014B1/en active Active
- 2015-04-17 CN CN201510184617.8A patent/CN104997530B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3936641A (en) * | 1974-10-21 | 1976-02-03 | Pennwalt Corporation | Head immobilizing device for panoramic x-ray apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9439609B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
| CN104997530A (en) | 2015-10-28 |
| EP2942014A2 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
| US20150297154A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
| KR101813472B1 (en) | 2017-12-29 |
| EP2942014A3 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
| EP2942014B1 (en) | 2018-03-21 |
| KR20150120295A (en) | 2015-10-27 |
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