CN104990849B - A kind of extra large pipe silt carrying capacity on-Line Monitor Device of the oil gas based on bridge balance and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of extra large pipe silt carrying capacity on-Line Monitor Device of oil gas based on bridge balance and method, including the first branch pipe, the second branch pipe, electric rotary body, power transmission shaft, support housing, sensing element, constant pressure electric power system, data collecting system, single-chip microcomputer and computer；There is a through hole on pipeline, support housing to be inserted perpendicularly into inside pipeline by through hole, the first fixed branch pipe is connected with the second branch pipe on through hole；Electric rotary body is fixedly installed at the top of second branch pipe, the output shaft of electric rotary body is fixedly connected with the top of support housing by power transmission shaft；It is to fix a sensing element respectively on four erosion surfaces, each erosion surface to support four sides of housing；Four sensing element Compositional balance electric bridges；Constant pressure electric power system is powered by data collecting system with constant pressure U to balanced bridge, data collecting system is used for the output signal u (t) for gathering balanced bridge, and it is sent to single-chip microcomputer and computer in real time, computer is according to signal u (t) variation monitoring outlet pipe road sand production rate.

Description

Oil-gas sea pipe sand-carrying capacity online monitoring device and method based on bridge balance

Technical Field

The invention relates to an online monitoring device and method for sand carrying capacity of an oil-gas marine pipe, in particular to an online monitoring device and method for sand carrying capacity of an oil-gas marine pipe based on bridge balance.

Background

Aiming at the contradiction between sand production and sand control of unconsolidated sandstone and a stratum with weak cementation, the practical situation that some stratum is easy to produce sand is considered, and the sand production amount is controlled by adjusting the inlet yield under the situation that the stratum produces sand in a proper amount, so that the oil-gas reservoir is developed more economically and rapidly. However, the unremoved sand particles act on production equipment such as elbows, valves and the like through carrying flow of the fluid, abrasion and perforation of production facilities can be caused when the sand is produced seriously, great threats are caused to personnel safety, economic production and the surrounding environment, and the production cost is increased while the production efficiency is not improved. The technology for accurately and real-timely monitoring the sand production of the pipeline seriously restricts the development of oil and gas fields in China, at present, the sand production amount of the pipeline is monitored by adopting an acoustic wave method (AE method) and a resistance method (ER method) at home and abroad, and remarkable economic benefit is obtained, but a detector for online monitoring the sand production amount by using resistance change is not developed at home.

At present, in the united states, piezoelectric ceramics are used as sensitive elements to receive impact signals of particles, and then the sand carrying capacity of a pipeline is calculated. China has a method for monitoring sand production of an oil and gas well in real time by respectively receiving particle impact signals through a piezoelectric film and a high-frequency signal sensing device. However, the acoustic wave method has a fatal weakness, that is, noise interference such as fluid and outside influences the monitoring precision greatly, and the sand production result of monitoring varies greatly with different acoustic wave processing modes in the later period, and cannot be used for monitoring the erosion amount of production equipment. As shown in fig. 1, the ER method sand production monitoring system proposed in the prior art of the united states is based on an erosion probe, which includes 4 probe sensing elements 20 (resistive elements) made of Monel400 alloy, which is resistant to corrosion under specific environments. Each detector sensing element with the length of L, the thickness of H and the width of W is supplied with a constant current I, and the micro-resistance change of each detector sensing element 20 can be directly monitored by measuring the potential drop U at the two ends of the detector sensing element 20. The inverse relationship between the resistance R of the detector sensor element 20 and its width W is such that as the production media is eroded by impact with sand particles carried by the production media against the detector sensor element 20, successive incremental resistance measurements are made to determine a reduced thickness value for the detector sensor element 20 and a theoretical erosion model is used to convert the loss in width of the detector sensor element 20 into a fluidThe amount of sand carried in the body is compensated for by mounting a reference element on the back of the probe housing 21 which is temperature sensitive but not sand sensitive to compensate for the effect of temperature changes on the resistance of the probe sensing element 20 however, due to the relatively large temperature coefficient of Monel400 alloy, about 1.9 × 10^-3K^-1The probe sensing element 20 made of Monel400 alloy does not meet the measurement accuracy requirement. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, the prior art only changes the material of the sensing element 20 of the detector into constantan (or manganin) alloy with relatively small and stable temperature coefficient. Although the ER method has the advantages of simple measurement, wide application range and the like, the weak resistance change has quite high requirements on a data acquisition circuit, whether the thickness reduction value of the ER method is accurately represented and is related to the monitoring error of the erosion monitoring system, the monitoring precision of the ER method fluctuates greatly along with the field condition, the response to the erosion monitoring of low-concentration sand is slow, and in addition, the effective service life of the sensor element 20 of the detector is relatively short.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide an online monitoring device and method for sand carrying capacity of an oil and gas marine pipe based on bridge balance, which can accurately and sensitively monitor the sand carrying capacity of the oil and gas marine pipe.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an oil gas sea pipe sand-carrying capacity on-line monitoring device based on bridge is balanced which characterized in that: the device comprises a first branch pipe, a second branch pipe, an electric rotating device, a transmission shaft, a support shell, four sensing elements, a constant voltage power supply system, a singlechip for a data acquisition system and a computer, wherein each sensing element adopts a resistance element with the same resistance value; the pipeline for the experiment is provided with a through hole, the supporting shell penetrates through the through hole and is vertically inserted into the pipeline, the through hole is fixedly provided with the first branch pipe, and internal threads are arranged in the first branch pipe; the outer part of the second branch pipe is provided with an external thread matched with the internal thread of the first branch pipe, and the first branch pipe is connected with the second branch pipe through a thread; the top of the second branch pipe is fixedly provided with the electric rotating device, an output shaft of the electric rotating device is connected with one end of the transmission shaft, and the other end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected with the top of the supporting shell; the supporting shell is of a cuboid structure, four side surfaces of the supporting shell are sequentially etched to form a surface a, a surface b, a surface c and a surface d, each sensing element is fixedly arranged on the four etched surfaces, and an insulating substance is arranged between the supporting shell and the sensing element; the sensing elements on the a, b, c and d erosion surfaces form a balanced bridge, the sensing elements on the adjacent erosion surfaces are oppositely connected through a conducting wire, namely the sensing elements on the a, d erosion surfaces and the b, c erosion surfaces are respectively used as a group of test surfaces and are adjacently installed on the supporting shell, and the sensing elements on the a, d erosion surfaces and the b, c erosion surfaces are respectively positioned at the counterpoint of the balanced bridge; the constant-voltage power supply system is used for supplying power to the single chip microcomputer and the electric rotating device and supplying power to a power input end of the balance bridge through the data acquisition system, the data acquisition system is used for acquiring signals u (t) at an output end of the balance bridge and sending the acquired signals u (t) to the single chip microcomputer and the computer in real time, the single chip microcomputer is used for controlling the electric rotating device to rotate and driving the supporting shell to rotate at the same time to complete erosion tests of two groups of test surfaces, and the computer converts the signals into sand production signals through an erosion model according to changes of the received signals u (t) so as to monitor sand production of a pipeline.

The sensing element is of a rectangular cuboid structure with a rectangular cross section and is made of a nickel-copper alloy material.

The supporting shell is made of 304 stainless steel materials.

And a voltage-stabilizing MIC chip is arranged in the constant-source current power supply system, and when the data acquisition system is powered up, the constant-source current power supply system is powered up in a pulse mode.

The electric rotating device adopts a motor.

A monitoring method of an oil-gas marine pipe sand carrying capacity online monitoring device based on bridge balance comprises the following steps: 1) the supporting shell is vertically inserted into the pipeline for experiment, the included angle between a group of testing surfaces of the supporting shell and the flowing direction of particles in the pipeline is 45 degrees, and R is ensured_a＝R_d＝R_b＝R_c＝R₀When the balance bridge reaches a balance state, the constant voltage power supply system supplies power to the balance bridge by a constant voltage U, and the output voltage of the balance bridge is U (t); taking the a surface and the d surface of the supporting shell as initial testing surfaces, when particles with uniform concentration impact the supporting shell at an angle of 45 degrees, material abrasion is generated on the sensing elements on the a surface and the d surface of the supporting shell, and if the length of the sensing element is L, the width of the sensing element is W, and the thickness of the sensing element is H, the material abrasion causes the width W of the sensing element on the a surface and the d surface to lose W (t), and the resistance values R of the sensing elements on the a surface and the d surface are R_a、R_dIncreasing R (t) to gradually unbalance the balance bridge, and assuming that the width of the a surface and the d surface of the support shell simultaneously loses W (t) after the particles are eroded for a period of time t, according to the bridge balance principle:

the resistance increase value R (t) of the sensing element is far less than R₀Then, equation (1) is modified as:

assuming that the resistivity of the sensing element is ρ, the width of the sensing element before and after the particle erosion over time is W, respectively_Before、W_AfterFrom ohm's law:

wherein R is_Befor、R_AfterRespectively representing the resistance values of the sensing elements before and after particle erosion;

then equations (3) and (4) are subtracted after deformation:

the change in resistance of the sensing element due to erosion R (t) is small, i.e. R (t)<<R₀And then:

the simultaneous equations (2) and (6) show that the width loss W (t) of the sensing element on the a and d surfaces in the process is as follows:

2) when the unbalance state reaches the output voltage of the bridge to be u₀During the process, the single chip controls the electric rotating device to rotate 180 degrees, meanwhile, the supporting shell is driven to rotate 180 degrees, so that the uniform particles continue to erode the sensing elements on the surfaces b and c, and the width loss W (t) of the sensing elements on the surfaces b and c in the process is as follows:

wherein R is₁Is the resistance value of the sensing element at the first rotation;

as the particle erosion progresses until the bridge output voltage is-u₀At the moment, the supporting shell is rotated by 180 degrees, and then the transmission on the surfaces a and d is erodedThe resistance value of the sensor element at the n-th rotation increases as follows:

wherein R is_nIs the resistance value, R, of the sensor element at the nth rotation_n-1Is the resistance value of the sensing element in the n-1 rotation;

3) the width loss caused by particle erosion at the nth rotation of the sensing element is deduced by the formulas (7), (8) and (9):

the data acquisition system sends the acquired signals u (t) to a computer, which uses an equation applicable to the field erosion wear pipe system:

wherein,-erosion rate, kg/s;-particle mass flow, kg/s; k is the material constant; (m/s)^-n；V_p-particle incident velocity, m/s, m-velocity index, F (α) -equation of properties of the target elastic material, α is the angle of incidence;

and further deforming the proposed basic erosion theoretical model (11) according to the particle incident speed, the incident angle and the erosion area to obtain a general erosion calculation relation:

wherein,-erosion rate expressed in depth loss, m/s; rho_tTarget Material Density, kg/m³；A_tTarget material erosion area, m²；

Selecting an erosion theoretical model equation (12) and determining particle incident velocity, angle and material propertiesThereby determining the real-time sand production

And A is_tH × L, further reducing formula (13) to:

when the incident angle (erosion angle) α is 45 °, F (α) is 0.98, and K is 2.0 × 10^-9M is 2.6, and parameters of the sensor element such as length, density, resistivity, and power supply voltage are constants according toWith particle velocity V_pCalculating the real-time sand output

Hair brushDue to the adoption of the technical scheme, the method has the following advantages: 1. the sand-carrying capacity monitoring device comprises a data acquisition system, sensing elements and a supporting shell, wherein the four sensing elements are respectively fixed on four side surfaces of the supporting shell, the four sensing elements form a balance bridge, the data acquisition system acquires output signals of the balance bridge, and a computer can monitor the sand-carrying capacity of an oil-gas marine pipe according to the quantitative relation between electric signals acquired by the data acquisition system and the sand-carrying capacity, so that the production and the transportation of the sand-containing oil-gas marine pipe are guided. 2. The four sensor elements are properly increased in length and thickness and symmetrically and equidistantly distributed on the four erosion surfaces, so that the effective erosion cross section area and the service life of the sensor elements can be increased, and the sensitivity of the monitoring device is improved. 3. The sensing element is prepared from the nickel-copper alloy which has resistance value basically not influenced by temperature and has stronger wear resistance, so that the interference of temperature change on monitoring precision can be reduced. 4. The monitoring precision of the invention fluctuates little with the change of the field condition, and the bridge method adopted makes the sensing element more sensitive to the monitoring reaction of the erosion of the low-concentration sand, and is suitable for monitoring the sand carrying capacity of medium and low concentrations. 5. The invention does not need to install a reference resistor, so the circuit is relatively simple and the processing cost is low. 6. The invention can adjust u₀The size of (a) controls the monitoring accuracy of the sand yield (u)₀The smaller the value, the higher the sand production monitoring accuracy, but the higher the power consumption. The invention can be widely applied to the online monitoring process of the sand carrying capacity of the oil-gas marine pipe.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art sand production monitoring system, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of a probe installed in a pipeline and (b) is a schematic diagram of a probe sensing element;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a bridge configuration of the sensor elements of the present invention, wherein "→" indicates the direction of current flow.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.

As shown in fig. 2, the oil-gas marine pipe sand-carrying capacity online monitoring device based on bridge balance provided by the invention comprises a first branch pipe 1, a second branch pipe 2, an electric rotating device 3, a transmission shaft 4, a supporting shell 5, four sensing elements 6, a constant voltage power supply system 7, a data acquisition system 8, a single chip microcomputer 9 and a computer, wherein each sensing element 6 adopts a resistance element with the same resistance value.

A through hole is formed in the pipeline 10 for the experiment, the supporting shell 5 penetrates through the through hole to be vertically inserted into the pipeline 10, a first branch pipe 1 is welded on the through hole, and an internal thread is arranged inside the first branch pipe 1; the outside of the second branch pipe 2 is provided with an external thread matched with the internal thread of the first branch pipe 1, and the first branch pipe 1 and the second branch pipe 2 are connected through the thread to play a role in sealing. The top of the second branch pipe 2 is provided with a fixing seat (not shown in the figure) for fixing the electric rotating device 3, the output shaft of the electric rotating device 3 is connected with one end of the transmission shaft 4, and the other end of the transmission shaft 4 is fixedly connected with the top of the supporting shell 5. The supporting shell 5 is of a cuboid structure, four side faces of the supporting shell 5 are erosion faces a, b, c and d in sequence, each erosion face is provided with a groove for fixedly mounting the sensing element 6, and an insulating substance is arranged between the supporting shell 5 and the sensing element 6. a. The resistance values of the sensing elements 6 on the four erosion surfaces b, c and d are respectively R_a、R_b、R_c、R_dAnd R is_a＝R_b＝R_c＝R_dR, make up a balanced bridge. As shown in FIG. 3, R_a、R_b、R_c、R_dThe two diagonals MN and PQ are connected into a quadrangle, one diagonal MN of the quadrangle is a power supply input end of the balance bridge, and the other diagonal PQ of the quadrangle is an output end of the balance bridge.The sensing elements 6 on the adjacent erosion surfaces are oppositely connected through a lead, namely the sensing elements 6 on the a erosion surface, the d erosion surface and the b erosion surface and the c erosion surface are respectively used as a group of test surfaces and are adjacently installed on the supporting shell 5, and the sensing elements 6 on the a erosion surface, the d erosion surface and the b erosion surface and the c erosion surface are respectively positioned in the alignment of the balance bridge. The constant voltage power supply system 7 is used for supplying power to the single chip microcomputer 9 and the electric rotating device 3, and supplies power to the power input of the balance bridge through the existing data acquisition system 8 by using a constant voltage U, and the data acquisition system 8 is used for acquiring an output end signal U (t) of the balance bridge and sending the acquired signal U (t) to the single chip microcomputer 9 and the computer in real time. When the collected signal u (t) is equal to the set voltage u₀When the erosion test of one group of test surfaces is finished, the single chip microcomputer 9 controls the electric rotating device 3 to rotate 180 degrees at the moment, meanwhile, the supporting shell 5 is driven to rotate 180 degrees, the erosion test of the other group of test surfaces is finished, and the erosion test is repeated until the experiment is finished. And the computer converts the received signal u (t) into a sand production signal through the erosion model according to the change of the signal u (t), so that the sand production amount of the pipeline is monitored.

In a preferred embodiment, the sensing element 6 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure with a rectangular cross section, which is made of a nickel-copper alloy material with a resistance value substantially unaffected by temperature and high wear resistance. For example, a sensor element 6 having a thickness of 0.1mm, a length of 1.1mm and a width of 3mm is placed in a groove having a depth of 3.1mm on the etched surface of the support housing 5 and insulated with a high-quality ceramic at a spacing of 0.1 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, the support housing 5 may be made of 304 stainless steel.

In a preferred embodiment, the constant-source-current power supply system 3 is internally provided with a voltage-stabilizing MIC chip, and when supplying power to the data acquisition system 8, the power can be supplied in a pulse mode, for example, the power can be supplied every 2min, and the power supply time is 20 ms.

In a preferred embodiment, the electric rotating means 3 may employ a motor.

The monitoring method of the oil-gas marine pipe sand carrying capacity online monitoring device based on bridge balance provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

1) the supporting shell 5 is vertically inserted into the pipeline 10 for experiment, and the included angle between a group of testing surfaces of the supporting shell 5 and the flowing direction of the particles in the pipeline 10 is 45 degrees, and R is ensured_a＝R_d＝R_b＝R_c＝R₀That is, when the balance bridge reaches a balanced state, the constant voltage power supply system 7 having the voltage stabilization MIC chip supplies power to the balance circuit at a constant voltage U, and the output voltage of the balance bridge is U (t). Taking the a and d surfaces of the supporting housing 5 as initial testing surfaces, when particles with uniform concentration impact the supporting housing 5 at an angle of 45 °, the sensing elements 6 on the a and d surfaces of the supporting housing 5 generate material erosion, and assuming that the sensing elements 6 have a length of L, a width of W and a thickness of H, the material erosion causes the width W of the sensing elements 6 on the a and d surfaces to lose W (t), and the resistance R of the sensing elements 6 on the a and d surfaces_a、R_dIncreasing R (t) to gradually unbalance the balance bridge, and assuming that the width of the a and d surfaces of the support shell 5 loses W (t) after the particles are eroded for a period of time t, according to the bridge balance principle:

the resistance increase value R (t) of the sensor element 6 is much smaller than R₀Then, equation (1) is modified as:

assuming that the resistivity of the sensor element 6 is p, the width of the sensor element 6 before and after the particle erosion for a period of time is W, respectively_Before、W_AfterFrom ohm's law:

wherein R is_Befor、R_AfterRespectively representing the resistance values of the sensor element 6 before and after particle erosion;

then equations (3) and (4) are subtracted after deformation:

the change in resistance of the sensor element 6 due to erosion R (t) is small, i.e. R (t)<<R₀And then:

the simultaneous equations (2) and (6) show that the width loss w (t) of the sensing element 6 on the a and d surfaces in the process is:

2) when the unbalance state reaches the output voltage of the bridge to be u₀During the process, the single chip microcomputer 9 controls the electric rotating device 3 to rotate 180 degrees, meanwhile, the supporting shell 5 is driven to rotate 180 degrees, so that the uniform particles continue to erode the sensing elements 6 on the surfaces b and c, and the width loss W (t) of the sensing elements 6 on the surfaces b and c in the process is as follows:

wherein R is₁Is the resistance value of the sensing element 6 at the first rotation;

as the particle erosion progresses until the bridge output voltage is-u₀At this time, the support housing 5 is rotated by-180 °, the sensor element 6 on the a and d surfaces is eroded, and the process is repeated, and the resistance value of the sensor element 6 at the n-th rotation is increased as follows:

wherein R is_nIs the resistance value, R, of the sensor element 6 at the nth rotation_n-1Is the resistance value of the sensor element 6 at the n-1 th rotation;

3) the width loss caused by particle erosion at the nth rotation of the sensor element 6 is derived from the equations (7), (8), and (9):

the data acquisition system 8 sends the acquired signals u (t) to a computer, and the computer adopts the existing equation suitable for the field erosion wear pipeline system, which provides a theoretical basis for increasing the sand measurement accuracy of the sensing element 6:

wherein,-erosion rate, kg/s;-particle mass flow, kg/s; k is the material constant; (m/s)^-n；V_p-particle incident velocity, m/s, m-velocity index, F (α) -equation of properties of the target elastic material, α is the incident angle.

And further deforming the proposed basic erosion theoretical model (11) according to the particle incident speed, the incident angle and the erosion area to obtain a general erosion calculation relation:

wherein,-erosion rate expressed in depth loss, m/s; rho_tTarget Material Density, kg/m³；A_tTarget material erosion area, m²；

Selecting an erosion theoretical model equation (12) and determining particle incident velocity, angle and material propertiesThereby determining the real-time sand production

And A is_tH × L, further reducing formula (13) to:

when the incident angle (erosion angle) α is 45 °, F (α) is 0.98, and K is 2.0 × 10^-9M is 2.6, and parameters of the sensor element 6 such as length, density, resistivity, and power supply voltage are constant according toWith particle velocity V_pCalculating the real-time sand output

The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the structure, connection mode, manufacturing process, etc. of the components may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides an oil gas sea pipe sand-carrying capacity on-line monitoring device based on bridge is balanced which characterized in that: the device comprises a first branch pipe, a second branch pipe, an electric rotating device, a transmission shaft, a support shell, four sensing elements, a constant voltage power supply system, a singlechip for a data acquisition system and a computer, wherein each sensing element adopts a resistance element with the same resistance value;

the pipeline for the experiment is provided with a through hole, the supporting shell penetrates through the through hole and is vertically inserted into the pipeline, the through hole is fixedly provided with the first branch pipe, and internal threads are arranged in the first branch pipe; the outer part of the second branch pipe is provided with an external thread matched with the internal thread of the first branch pipe, and the first branch pipe is connected with the second branch pipe through a thread; the top of the second branch pipe is fixedly provided with the electric rotating device, an output shaft of the electric rotating device is connected with one end of the transmission shaft, and the other end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected with the top of the supporting shell;

the supporting shell is of a cuboid structure, erosion surfaces a, b, c and d are sequentially arranged on four side surfaces of the supporting shell, each sensing element is fixedly arranged on the four erosion surfaces, and an insulating substance is arranged between the supporting shell and the sensing element; the sensing elements on the a, b, c and d erosion surfaces form a balanced bridge, the sensing elements on the adjacent erosion surfaces are oppositely connected through a conducting wire, namely the sensing elements on the a, d erosion surfaces and the b, c erosion surfaces are respectively used as a group of test surfaces and are adjacently installed on the supporting shell, and the sensing elements on the a, d erosion surfaces and the b, c erosion surfaces are respectively positioned at the counterpoint of the balanced bridge;

the constant-voltage power supply system is used for supplying power to the single chip microcomputer and the electric rotating device and supplying power to a power input end of the balance bridge through the data acquisition system, the data acquisition system is used for acquiring signals u (t) at an output end of the balance bridge and sending the acquired signals u (t) to the single chip microcomputer and the computer in real time, the single chip microcomputer is used for controlling the electric rotating device to rotate and driving the supporting shell to rotate at the same time to complete erosion tests of two groups of test surfaces, and the computer converts the signals into sand production signals through an erosion model according to changes of the received signals u (t) so as to monitor sand production of a pipeline.

2. The oil and gas sea pipe sand carrying capacity on-line monitoring device based on bridge balance as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sensing element is of a rectangular cuboid structure with a rectangular cross section and is made of a nickel-copper alloy material.

3. The oil and gas sea pipe sand carrying capacity on-line monitoring device based on bridge balance as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the supporting shell is made of 304 stainless steel materials.

4. The oil and gas sea pipe sand carrying capacity online monitoring device based on bridge balance as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the supporting shell is made of 304 stainless steel materials.

5. The on-line monitoring device for sand carrying capacity of the oil and gas marine pipe based on the bridge balance as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein: the electric rotating device adopts a motor.

6. The monitoring method of the oil and gas sea pipe sand carrying capacity online monitoring device based on the bridge balance as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 comprises the following steps:

1) the supporting shell is vertically inserted into the pipeline for experiment, the included angle between a group of testing surfaces of the supporting shell and the flowing direction of particles in the pipeline is 45 degrees, and R is ensured_a＝R_d＝R_b＝R_c＝R₀When the balance bridge reaches a balance state, the constant voltage power supply system supplies power to the balance bridge by a constant voltage U, and the output voltage of the balance bridge is U (t); taking the a surface and the d surface of the supporting shell as initial testing surfaces, when particles with uniform concentration impact the supporting shell at an angle of 45 degrees, material abrasion is generated on the sensing elements on the a surface and the d surface of the supporting shell, and if the length of the sensing element is L, the width of the sensing element is W, and the thickness of the sensing element is H, the material abrasion causes the width W of the sensing element on the a surface and the d surface to lose W (t), and the resistance values R of the sensing elements on the a surface and the d surface are R_a、R_dIncreasing R (t) to gradually unbalance the balance bridge, and assuming that the width of the a surface and the d surface of the support shell simultaneously loses W (t) after the particles are eroded for a period of time t, according to the bridge balance principle:

$u\left(t\right)=\frac{(R_a+R(t\left)\right)(R_d+R(t\left)\right)-R_c{R}_b}{(R_a+R_b+R(t\left)\right)(R_d+R_c+R(t\left)\right)}\&CenterDot;U=\frac{R\left(t\right)}{2R_0+R\left(t\right)}\&CenterDot;U---\left(1\right)$

to senseThe resistance increase value R (t) of the element is far less than R₀Then, equation (1) is modified as:

$u\left(t\right)=\frac{R\left(t\right)}{2R_0}\&CenterDot;U---\left(2\right)$

assuming that the resistivity of the sensing element is ρ, the width of the sensing element before and after the particle erosion over time is W, respectively_Before、W_AfterFrom ohm's law:

$\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}L}{{\mathrm{HW}}_{Befor}}=R_{Befor}=R_0---\left(3\right)$

$\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}L}{{\mathrm{HW}}_{After}}=R_{After}=R_0+R\left(t\right)---\left(4\right)$

wherein R is_Befor、R_AfterRespectively representing the resistance values of the sensing elements before and after particle erosion;

then equations (3) and (4) are subtracted after deformation:

$W_{Befor}-W_{After}=W\left(t\right)=\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}L}{H}(\frac{1}{R_0}-\frac{1}{R_0+R\left(t\right)})=\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}LR\left(t\right)}{{\mathrm{HR}}_0(R_0+R(t\left)\right)}---\left(5\right)$

the change in resistance of the sensing element due to erosion, R (t), is small, i.e. R (t) < R₀And then:

$W\left(t\right)=\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}LR\left(t\right)}{{{\mathrm{HR}}_0}^2}---\left(6\right)$

the simultaneous equations (2) and (6) show that the width loss W (t) of the sensing element on the a and d surfaces in the process is as follows:

$W\left(t\right)=\frac{2\mathrm{\&rho;}L}{{\mathrm{HR}}_{0}U}u\left(t\right)---\left(7\right)$

2) when the unbalance state reaches the output voltage of the bridge to be u₀During the process, the single chip controls the electric rotating device to rotate 180 degrees, meanwhile, the supporting shell is driven to rotate 180 degrees, so that the uniform particles continue to erode the sensing elements on the surfaces b and c, and the width loss W (t) of the sensing elements on the surfaces b and c in the process is as follows:

$W\left(t\right)=\frac{2\mathrm{\&rho;}L}{{\mathrm{HR}}_{1}U}u\left(t\right)---\left(8\right)$

wherein R is₁Is the resistance value of the sensing element at the first rotation;

as the particle erosion progresses until the bridge output voltage is-u₀At this time, the supporting shell is rotated by-180 degrees, then the sensing elements on the a surface and the d surface are eroded, and the analogy is repeated, and the resistance value of the sensing element in the n-th rotation is increased as follows:

$R_n=R_{n-1}+\frac{2R_{n-1}}{\left(\right|U/u_0|-1)},(n\&Element;N^{*})---\left(9\right)$

wherein R is_nIs the resistance value, R, of the sensor element at the nth rotation_n-1Is the resistance value of the sensing element in the n-1 rotation;

3) the width loss caused by particle erosion at the nth rotation of the sensing element is deduced by the formulas (7), (8) and (9):

$W\left(t\right)=\frac{2\mathrm{\&rho;}L}{H(R_{n-1}+\frac{2R_{n-1}}{\left(\right|U/u_0|-1)})U}u\left(t\right),(n\&Element;N^{*})---\left(10\right)$

the data acquisition system sends the acquired signals u (t) to a computer, which uses an equation applicable to the field erosion wear pipe system:

$\stackrel{\&CenterDot;}{E}~{\stackrel{\&CenterDot;}{m}}_p{\mathrm{KV}}_p^{m}F\left(\mathrm{\&alpha;}\right)---\left(11\right)$

wherein,-erosion rate, kg/s;-particle mass flow, kg/s; k is the material constant; (m/s)^-n；V_p-particle incident velocity, m/s, m-velocity index, F (α) -equation of properties of the target elastic material, α is the angle of incidence;

and further deforming the proposed basic erosion theoretical model (11) according to the particle incident speed, the incident angle and the erosion area to obtain a general erosion calculation relation:

${\stackrel{\&CenterDot;}{E}}_L=\frac{{\stackrel{\&CenterDot;}{m}}_p\&CenterDot;K\&CenterDot;V_p^m\&CenterDot;F\left(\mathrm{\&alpha;}\right)}{{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_t{A}_t}---\left(12\right)$

wherein,-erosion rate expressed in depth loss, m/s; rho_tTarget Material Density, kg/m³；A_tTarget material erosion area, m²；

Selecting an erosion theoretical model equation (12) and determining particle incident velocity, angle and material propertiesThereby determining the real-time sand production

${\stackrel{\&CenterDot;}{m}}_p=\frac{2\mathrm{\&rho;}L}{H(R_{n-1}+\frac{2R_{n-1}}{\left(\right|U/u_0|-1)})U}\&times;\frac{{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_t{A}_t}{{\mathrm{KV}}_p^{m}F\left(\mathrm{\&alpha;}\right)}\&times;\left|\frac{du\left(t\right)}{dt}\right|,(n\&Element;N^{*})---\left(13\right)$

And A is_tH × L, further reducing formula (13) to:

${\stackrel{\&CenterDot;}{m}}_p=\frac{2{\mathrm{\&rho;L}}^2}{(R_{n-1}+\frac{2R_{n-1}}{\left(\right|U/u_0|-1)})U}\&times;\frac{{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_t}{{\mathrm{KV}}_p^{m}F\left(\mathrm{\&alpha;}\right)}\&times;\left|\frac{du\left(t\right)}{dt}\right|,(n\&Element;N^{*})---\left(14\right)$

given an incident angle α of 45 °, F (α) is 0.98, K is 2.0 × 10^-9M is 2.6, and parameters of the sensor element such as length, density, resistivity, and power supply voltage are constants according toWith particle velocity V_pCalculating the real-time sand output