CN104989357A - Method for selecting tight oil and gas reservoir repeated fracturing target well - Google Patents
Method for selecting tight oil and gas reservoir repeated fracturing target well Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for selecting a target well of a dense oil-gas reservoir for repeated fracturing. The method comprises the following steps: determining the well completion efficiency of a well to be screened; determining the unit reservoir quality of the well to be screened: drawing a scatter diagram of the well completion efficiency and the unit reservoir quality by taking the unit reservoir quality as an abscissa and the well completion efficiency as an ordinate; dividing a scatter diagram of the well completion efficiency and the unit reservoir quality into four parts by using horizontal and vertical dividing lines to form a cross-plot diagnostic diagram; the left upper part of the cross-plot diagnostic graph is a review development necessity area, the right upper part of the cross-plot diagnostic graph is a high-production well high-recompression fracturing risk area, the left lower part of the cross-plot diagnostic graph is a current stage non-consideration area, and the right lower part of the cross-plot diagnostic graph is an optimal recompression fracturing well area, a horizontal dividing line selects a straight line with the well completion efficiency of 50%, and a vertical dividing line selects the straight line according to economic benefits; and judging based on the cross-plot diagnostic diagram to complete the selection of the repeated fracturing target well of the compact oil and gas reservoir. The method can quickly and effectively select the target well which can be repeatedly fractured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for selecting a target well, in particular to a method for selecting a target well for repeated fracturing of a compact oil-gas reservoir, and belongs to the technical field of oil exploitation.
Background
Tight reservoir development requires support from hydraulic fracturing techniques to achieve economic production, while re-fracturing techniques refer to re-fracturing a fractured development well to slow its yield loss and increase potential production. The us natural gas institute (GRI, now known as gas technical institute GTI) investigated in 1996 the potential production of 48 tight gas wells in the united states enhanced by repeated fracturing, and the results indicated that the potential production of these wells exceeded 1 trillion cubic feet in 5 years. The study also indicated that for a field, 85% of the potential production increased by repeated fracturing came from 15% -20% of the wells. The success of any re-fracturing project is therefore whether 15% -20% of the wells can be identified from all existing wells.
The industrial experience of the repeated fracturing technology at home and abroad is relatively disordered, the early repeated fracturing technology mainly focuses on wells with relatively poor yield in oil fields, but the repeated fracturing results are disappointing, so that people mistakenly think that the effect of improving the recovery ratio by the repeated fracturing technology is not great. However, years of research and some successful re-fracturing construction cases over GTI have shown that the wells that result in the highest potential production of re-fracturing tend to be the high producing wells of those fields.
Currently, there are three general methods for selecting a target well for repeated fracturing: production performance comparison, a mode recognition technology/virtual intelligent method and production type curve matching. Although the pattern recognition technology/virtual intelligence method is better than the other two methods, a satisfactory method which can solve the problem of selecting a repeated fracturing target well from a large number of fractured wells aiming at different geological features and can be quickly provided is still not available.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a method for selecting a target well for repeated fracturing of a compact oil and gas reservoir, which can quickly and effectively select the target well capable of being subjected to repeated fracturing.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for selecting a target well for repeated fracturing of a tight hydrocarbon reservoir, comprising the steps of:
determining the well completion efficiency of a well to be screened;
determining the unit reservoir quality of a well to be screened;
drawing a scatter diagram of the completion efficiency and the unit reservoir quality by taking the unit reservoir quality as an abscissa and the completion efficiency as an ordinate;
dividing a scatter diagram of the well completion efficiency and unit reservoir quality into four parts by using a horizontal dividing line and a vertical dividing line to form a cross-plot diagnostic diagram, wherein the left upper part of the cross-plot diagnostic diagram is a region necessary for review and development, the right upper part of the cross-plot diagnostic diagram is a high-yield well high-re-fracturing risk region, the left lower part of the cross-plot diagnostic diagram is a region not considered in the current stage, and the right lower part of the cross-plot diagnostic diagram is an optimal re-fracturing well region, wherein the horizontal dividing line is a straight line with the well completion efficiency of 50%, and the vertical dividing line is selected according to economic benefits;
judging based on the cross-plot diagnostic diagram to complete the selection of the repeated fracturing target well of the compact oil and gas reservoir;
when the specific judgment is carried out, if a certain well to be screened is distributed in the review development necessity area of the cross-plot diagnostic map, the necessity of carrying out repeated fracturing development needs to be considered again;
if the distribution is not considered in the current stage of the cross-plot diagnostic map, the well is not selected as a repeated fracturing target well;
if the fracture is distributed in a high-well high-recompression fracture risk area of the cross-plot diagnostic map, the fracture is not selected as a repeated fracturing target well;
and if the distribution is in the optimal re-fracturing well area of the cross-plot diagnostic map, the optimal re-fracturing target well is obtained.
In the method for selecting a target well for repeated fracturing of a tight hydrocarbon reservoir provided by the invention, preferably, the completion efficiency of the well to be screened is obtained according to the following formula: c1＝(Af-Af，min)/(Af，max-Af，min)，
Wherein A isfThe total area of fracturing of each well to be screened is expressed in square feet Af，minThe minimum value of the total fracturing area of a single well in all the wells to be screened is expressed in square feet, Af，maxThe maximum value of the total area of single well fracturing in all the wells to be screened is expressed in square feet.
In the method for selecting the target well for the repeated fracturing of the compact oil and gas reservoir, preferably, the total fracturing area A of each well to be screenedf，n is the number of cracks, hfIs the crack height, in m; x is the number offIs the crack length in m.
In the method for selecting a tight hydrocarbon reservoir repeated fracturing target well provided by the invention, preferably, the unit reservoir quality of the well to be screened is obtained according to the following formula:
if the well to be screened is an oil well, thenThe unit is a barrel/acre-foot,
if the well to be screened is a natural gas well, thenThe unit is thousand cubic feet/acre-feet,
wherein,is the reservoir porosity; swThe water saturation of the well to be screened; b isoIs the volume coefficient of crude oil; b isgIs the natural gas volume coefficient.
In the method for selecting the target well for the repeated fracturing of the compact oil and gas reservoir, the longitudinal dividing line is preferably selected according to economic benefits, and the economic benefits obtained after the re-fracturing are not less than the cost required for the re-fracturing.
In the method for selecting a target well for repeated fracturing of a tight hydrocarbon reservoir, the economic benefit obtained after re-fracturing is preferably obtained according to the following formula:
the economic benefit obtained by carrying out the re-fracturing is OOIP multiplied by the recoverable ratio multiplied by the oil price, wherein OOIP is multiplied by the compact reservoir area multiplied by the compact reservoir thickness multiplied by the unit compact reservoir mass.
According to the specific implementation mode of the invention, the longitudinal dividing line is divided in consideration of economic benefits, specific economic indexes can be customized according to different development costs of different regions, and particularly, the longitudinal dividing line is divided according to different geological features and economic boundaries, and the longitudinal dividing line can be analyzed and determined by a person skilled in the art. For example, the cost required for re-fracturing is Y, then Y is less than or equal to the economic benefit obtained by re-fracturing, namely Y is less than or equal to the area of the compact reservoir, the thickness of the compact reservoir, the mass of the compact reservoir, the recoverable ratio and the oil price, the value range of the mass of the compact reservoir is obtained according to Y, the area of the compact reservoir, the thickness of the compact reservoir, the recoverable ratio and the oil price, a proper value is selected from the value range of the mass of the compact reservoir as the value of the longitudinal dividing line, and the minimum value of the mass of the compact reservoir is generally selected.
In the method for selecting the target well for the repeated fracturing of the compact oil and gas reservoir, the well condition of the well to be screened is determined and the fracturing construction can be performed preferably before the completion efficiency of the well to be screened is determined.
In the method for selecting the target well for the repeated fracturing of the compact oil and gas reservoir, the well condition of the well to be screened is determined to be good and the fracturing construction can be carried out preferably through a linear flow chart and a log-log chart.
In the invention, according to the linear flow and the log-log chart, when the well condition of the well to be screened is determined to be good and the fracturing construction can be carried out, the method can be carried out according to the conventional mode and judgment method in the field.
In the method for selecting the target well for the repeated fracturing of the compact oil and gas reservoir, the productivity growth potential of the well to be screened is qualitatively evaluated preferably after the well condition of the well to be screened is determined to be good and the fracturing construction can be carried out and before the completion efficiency of the well to be screened is determined.
In the method for selecting the target well for the repeated fracturing of the tight oil and gas reservoir, the productivity growth potential of the well to be screened is preferably qualitatively evaluated through basic data of the well to be screened.
In the invention, the productivity growth potential of the well to be screened is qualitatively evaluated through the basic data of the well to be screened according to the conventional operation in the field.
The method for selecting the target well for the repeated fracturing of the compact oil and gas reservoir provided by the invention fully considers the early fracturing engineering efficiency and the reservoir production potential, so that the method is more in line with the actual situation. The method mainly adopts well completion parameters and unit reservoir quality of a well to be screened as basic data. Firstly, defining a parameter of 'completion efficiency', wherein the completion efficiency is a parameter for representing the correlation with fractured reservoir transformation, such as completion type, single fracture scale, fracturing series and the like; another important parameter is the unit reservoir mass, i.e. the hydrocarbon content per unit area; and then, through the cross-plot diagnostic diagram of unit reservoir quality and well completion efficiency and by combining actual economic index boundaries, the well to be screened can be divided into four regions of 'review development necessity', 'no consideration in the current stage', 'high-production well high-re-fracturing risk' and 'optimal re-fracturing well' through the well to be screened which is located at different positions of the cross-plot diagnostic diagram, so that a target well is provided for the down-step re-fracturing.
When the method for selecting the target well for the repeated fracturing of the compact oil and gas reservoir is used for specifically selecting, if the point distribution of a certain well to be screened is in the upper left part (the area with the development necessity reviewed) of the cross-plot diagnostic diagram (shown in figure 1), the reservoir distribution of the well is poor, but the well completion efficiency is high, and the necessity of repeated fracturing development of the well needs to be considered again; if the pressure distribution is distributed in the lower left part of the cross-plot diagnostic map (the current stage is not considered to be an area), the well is indicated to be a poor oil well, and the current stage is not considered to be subjected to repeated fracturing development; if the distribution is in the upper right part of the cross-plot diagnostic diagram (high recompression fracture risk area of the high-producing well), the oil reservoir is rich, the well completion efficiency is high, and the high-producing well is supposed to be used, but if the repeated fracturing is carried out, the risk is higher; if the well is distributed in the lower right part of the cross-plot diagnostic diagram (the optimal re-fracturing well area), the well is rich in oil reservoirs, the existing well completion efficiency is not high, and a large yield rise space exists, so that the well is the optimal repeated fracturing target well.
In the method, if the calculation result of a certain well falls on the intersection line of two areas or the intersection point of four areas, further examination is needed and then judgment is made, for example, if the calculation result falls on the intersection line of the area not to be considered at the present stage and the area of the optimal re-fracturing well, namely the longitudinal dividing line, the next processing measure is determined after further examination of the development effect after waiting for a period of time.
In the present invention, all the parameter codes and the calculation methods thereof are consistent with the definitions and calculation methods thereof in the field of petrochemical industry, and the determination and calculation methods thereof can be determined by those skilled in the art, if there is no particular description or definition.
The method for selecting the target well for the repeated fracturing of the compact oil and gas reservoir provided by the invention is mainly used for evaluating the fractured well by defining the parameters of well completion efficiency and combining the unit reservoir quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-plot diagnostic plot of completion efficiency for tight hydrocarbon reservoirs versus unit reservoir mass;
figure 2 is a cross-plot diagnostic plot of completion efficiency versus unit reservoir mass for example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in order to clearly understand the technical features, objects, and advantages of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the practical scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for selecting a target well for repeated fracturing of a tight oil and gas reservoir, which comprises the following steps:
data acquisition and data quality control: the data comprises geological data, oil layer physical data, well drilling reports, well completion data and the like;
carrying out primary screening on the well to be screened: firstly, fracturing effect analysis and rapid evaluation are carried out on a fractured horizontal well of a certain shale gas reservoir, and related work can be analyzed through linear flow and a double logarithm chart. The stage is a primary screening stage, well conditions of the repeated fracturing standby well are mainly determined to be good, fracturing construction can be carried out, and in addition, the productivity growth potential of the well can be qualitatively evaluated through basic data of the well;
and (3) calculating the well completion efficiency and reservoir quality based on the preliminary screening result: after the initial screening, advanced diagnosis can be performed on the well passing the initial selection to evaluate the early completion efficiency and potential productivity. Based on the collected oil reservoir and well completion data, the well completion efficiency and the reservoir quality of the single well are calculated by using the well completion efficiency and unit reservoir quality formulas, and the results are shown in table 1.
In Table 1, AfmaxRepresenting the maximum total area of fracturing of a single well in all wells to be screened, i.e. from AfThe maximum value selected from the inner part is multiplied by 1.2 to obtain a maximum fracturing area, and the unit is square feet; a. thefminRepresenting the minimum of the total area of fracturing of a single well in all wells to be screened, i.e. from AfThe minimum value selected inside and divided by 1.2 gives a minimum fracture area in square feet.
Drawing an alternate drawing diagnosis picture: after the completion efficiency and the unit reservoir mass are obtained, a straight line with the completion efficiency of 50% is taken as the horizontal dividing line. The economic limits are set in this example assuming a well completion cost of 600 ten thousand dollars, a gas price of 4 dollars per cubic thousand feet, a tight reservoir area of 40 acres, a tight reservoir thickness of 300 feet, a tight reservoir life of 30 years, and a recovery well completion cost of 30 years for a 3 year recovery rate of 30 years. The profit is greater than or equal to $ 600 ten thousand dollars for 40 x 300 x 10% x 30% x 4 x unit tight reservoir mass, which is determined as 400 kilo cubic feet per acre-foot based on the economic constraints above.
The diagnostic plot and single well points are plotted according to the above constraints, as shown in fig. 2.
The selection is made based on the cross-plot diagnostic plot, and the selection results are as follows:
1. from the cross-plot diagnostic plot from the previous step, 3 of the 16 wells (wells No. 1, 5 and 6, respectively) were located in the lower left (the present phase was excluded from consideration) indicating that these wells not only had poor reservoir quality, but also had poor previous fracturing. Even though re-fracturing for these wells may improve the well completion quality, poor reservoir quality can greatly limit the well productivity, and therefore re-fracturing for these wells should be avoided; in this test, the wells were finally rejected and not re-fractured.
2. The development pattern of 16 wells was re-evaluated and adjusted accordingly, with 1 (16) in the upper left part (review of development necessity area), indicating that the fracturing of these wells at the initial stage was good, but because of the poor reservoir there, it was difficult to increase the potential productivity by further repeated fracturing, as this well probably reached its maximum productivity limit; in this test, well 16 also did not enter the recompression fracture option.
3. 4 of the 16 wells (11, 12, 14 and 15 respectively) are located in the upper right part (high recompression fracture risk zone of the high production well), and the fracturing effect of the initial stage of the wells is good, and the reservoirs at the positions are high in quality, so that the wells represent the high production wells. These wells are the better target wells for repeated fracturing and there is a great desire to further increase productivity, however there is also a greater risk of repeated fracturing of these wells, on the one hand shut-in during repeated fracturing will result in higher production losses and, more importantly, a high producing well will be lost if the repeated fracturing operation fails. Due to the high productivity and risk of these wells, it is prudent to repeatedly fracture such wells. In this test, wells No. 11, 12, 14 and 15 were also not selected as re-fracturing subjects.
4. 8 of the 16 wells (2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 13 respectively) are positioned in the lower right part of the diagnostic diagram (an optimal re-fracturing well area), the initial fracturing effect of the part of the well is poor, but the part of the well is positioned in a good reservoir, and the productivity can be greatly improved by carrying out re-fracturing on the wells, so that the wells are the optimal re-fracturing target wells. In this experiment, wells No. 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 13 were selected as the re-fracturing subjects. For logistics and wellsite placement, wells 4, 7, 8 and 13 were grouped into a first group and wells 2, 3, 9 and 10 were grouped into a second group, all recompressed. After re-fracturing, the yield of each well reaches 2 times or more before fracturing, and the peak value of the yield of a single well reaches 80 percent of the peak value of the original yield of the well.
The embodiment shows that the method provided by the invention is in line with the actual situation, and can quickly and effectively select the target well capable of being repeatedly fractured.
Claims (10)
1. A method of selecting a tight reservoir frac target well, the method comprising the steps of:
determining the well completion efficiency of a well to be screened;
determining the unit reservoir quality of a well to be screened;
drawing a scatter diagram of the completion efficiency and the unit reservoir quality by taking the unit reservoir quality as an abscissa and the completion efficiency as an ordinate;
dividing a scatter diagram of the well completion efficiency and the unit reservoir quality into four parts by using a horizontal dividing line and a vertical dividing line to form a cross-plot diagnostic diagram; the left upper part of the cross-plot diagnostic graph is a review development necessity area, the right upper part of the cross-plot diagnostic graph is a high-production well high-recompression fracture risk area, the left lower part of the cross-plot diagnostic graph is a current stage non-consideration area, and the right lower part of the cross-plot diagnostic graph is an optimal recompression fracture well area, wherein a horizontal dividing line is a straight line with the well completion efficiency of 50%, and a vertical dividing line is selected according to economic benefits;
judging based on the cross-plot diagnostic diagram to complete the selection of the repeated fracturing target well of the compact oil and gas reservoir;
when the specific judgment is carried out, if a certain well to be screened is distributed in the review development necessity area of the cross-plot diagnostic map, the necessity of carrying out repeated fracturing development needs to be considered again;
if the distribution is not considered in the current stage of the cross-plot diagnostic map, the well is not selected as a repeated fracturing target well;
if the fracture is distributed in a high-well high-recompression fracture risk area of the cross-plot diagnostic map, the fracture is not selected as a repeated fracturing target well;
and if the distribution is in the optimal re-fracturing well area of the cross-plot diagnostic map, the optimal re-fracturing target well is obtained.
2. The method for selecting a tight reservoir frac target well according to claim 1, wherein the completion efficiency of the well to be screened is obtained according to the following formula: cI＝(Af-Af,min)/(Af,max-Af,min)；
Wherein A isfThe total area of fracturing of each well to be screened is expressed in square feet Af,minThe minimum value of the total fracturing area of a single well in all the wells to be screened is expressed in square feet, Af,maxThe maximum value of the total area of single well fracturing in all the wells to be screened is expressed in square feet.
3. The method for selecting a tight reservoir frac target well according to claim 2, wherein each well to be screened has a total fracture area af，n is the number of cracks, hfIs the crack height, in m; x is the number offIs the fracture length in feet.
4. The method for selecting a tight reservoir frac target well according to claim 1, wherein the unit reservoir mass of the well to be screened is obtained according to the following formula:
if the well to be screened is an oil well,the unit is a barrel/acre-foot,
if the well to be screened is a natural gas well,the unit is thousand cubic feet/acre-feet,
wherein,is the reservoir porosity; swThe water saturation of the well to be screened; b isoIs the volume coefficient of crude oil; b isgIs the natural gas volume coefficient.
5. The method of selecting a target well for tight hydrocarbon reservoir re-fracturing as claimed in claim 1 wherein the longitudinal division line is selected based on economic benefit to ensure that the economic benefit obtained after re-fracturing is no less than the cost required for re-fracturing.
6. The method of selecting a tight reservoir frac target well according to claim 5, wherein the economic benefit obtained after re-fracturing is obtained according to the following formula:
the economic benefit obtained by carrying out the re-fracturing is OOIP multiplied by the recoverable ratio multiplied by the oil price, wherein OOIP is multiplied by the compact reservoir area multiplied by the compact reservoir thickness multiplied by the unit compact reservoir mass.
7. The method for selecting a tight reservoir frac target well according to claim 1, wherein the well condition of the well to be screened is determined and the frac construction is enabled before the completion efficiency of the well to be screened is determined.
8. The method for selecting a tight reservoir frac target well according to claim 7, wherein the well condition of the well to be screened is determined to be good and the frac construction can be performed by linear flow and log-log plate.
9. The method for selecting a tight reservoir frac target well according to claim 1, wherein the capacity growth potential of the well to be screened is qualitatively assessed after determining that the well to be screened is in good condition and capable of being frac constructed and before determining the completion efficiency of the well to be screened.
10. The method for selecting a tight reservoir frac target well according to claim 9, wherein the capacity growth potential of the well to be screened is qualitatively assessed from the baseline data for the well to be screened.
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