CN104969725A - Method for straw crushing and field-returning and mulching film recycling operation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for recovering plastic film by crushing stems and returning them to the field. Firstly, the crop stems are crushed and collected into a conveying channel, that is, the crop stems at the plastic film part are removed by crushing and crushed, and the crop stems are not removed immediately. After returning to the field, open and collect the plastic film that has been removed from the stems of the crops, gather the plastic film into a narrow plastic film belt, and leave a wide open space between the plastic film belts, and then crush and collect it into the conveying channel The crop stalks in the mulch are released into the open space between the mulch strips. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can not only edge up and collect the mulch film, but also crush the crop stems and return them to the field, and has high working efficiency.

Description

The method of stalk crushing and mulching film recovery operation

technical field

The invention relates to an agricultural mechanical device, in particular to a method for crushing crop stems and returning them to the field for plastic film recycling after autumn crops are harvested, especially a method for integrating crop stem crushing and returning to the field and recycling plastic film.

Background technique

The application of plastic film planting technology has become very common, but the residue of plastic film in the land has also become a serious problem.

At present, the first method of recycling residual film is manual recycling, which mainly picks up large pieces of residual film floating on the land surface, which is inefficient and labor-intensive; the second is mechanical recycling, but the current recycling machinery mainly uses hook rakes or sieves Mode. The pick-up effect of the hook rake is poor, especially for small residual film fragments. The sieve type collection effect is better, but the efficiency is very low, and it is difficult to apply in a large area.

At present, the application of plastic film planting technology in agricultural production has been very common, which has brought huge benefits to agriculture, but at the same time it has also brought great pollution and harm to the soil and the environment. The soil is hindered by white pollution, which hinders the growth of crops. Severe loss of support ability. Therefore, in the current production, people have fully paid attention to the recycling of the used plastic film, and concentrated recycling through various machines, so that most of the residual film in the production can be recycled, and the phenomenon of large-scale pollution has been suppressed. However, due to years of use, there will always be some mulch film fragments remaining in the soil during the recycling process, which is difficult to recycle, and the current special mulch film recycling machinery for this part of the residual film has a poor recovery effect. If it is not cleaned and recycled in time, it will form Accumulate and cause harm to various operations in planting.

At present, there are mainly the following types of recycling machinery for residual film.

Direct film-lifting type: 98212885.1 discloses a rolling film-type residual film recycling machine through which the film-lifting wheel, film-feeding impeller and film-rolling roller are installed sequentially. There are tape blades on the impeller, and a film-filming guide rail is installed on the rear and lower part of the film-filming wheel, which is suitable for the recycling of plastic film before plowing the land, and can do nothing for the residual film fragments that have remained in the land.

Rake type: Chinese patents CN200420069544.5, CN200620158834.6, CN200720147138.X, the disclosed farmland residual film recycling machine just belong to this type of machinery.

The raking type is suitable for the first operation with a large amount of mulch film, and the operation resistance is relatively large, and the residual film and plant stems are piled up into piles, and it is difficult to recycle the small debris in the deep soil.

Screening type: as disclosed in Chinese patents CN200720156741.4, CN200820103700.3, CN200520105700.3, CN201410464258.7 residual film recycling machine. The operation is generally also used for special operation machines. The residual film and soil are mainly separated by a separation mechanism such as a screen. The operation efficiency is low and it is difficult to meet the needs of production.

Rolling rake type: the film collecting mechanism disclosed in Chinese patents CN99213281.9, CN200820103942.2, CN200920164612.9, and CN200520002575.3. The film collecting mechanism of the roller rake mainly rolls in the ground through the pick-up roller covered with thorn-like teeth. The thorn-like teeth pick up the residual film in the ground. The residual film on the thorn-shaped nail teeth is brushed off and recovered. The structure of this type of mechanism is relatively simple, and it can be combined with various operating machines for joint operations, and is especially suitable for auxiliary operations in various farming. However, there is an obvious deficiency in the pick-up device in this type of residual film recycling machine: in the process of operation, there will always be residual film and plant stems that are difficult to be brushed off by the film brushing mechanism in time and are constantly wrapped around the thorns of the drum. On the nail teeth, the accumulation on the thorn-like nail teeth wound around the drum needs to stop the operation for cleaning before it can work normally.

The above-mentioned plastic film recycling machines are all based on the premise of mixing and recycling with crop stems or not considering crop stems in the recycling mode.

With the renewal of agricultural planting concepts, while promoting plastic film planting, it is also advocated to crush crop straws and return them to the field to increase the organic matter in the land, which further creates difficulties for the recycling of plastic film.

Therefore, a method that can reclaim the mulch film and simultaneously return the stalk powder to the field while effectively crushing the crop stalks has emerged.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method that can not only recover the mulch film, but also can effectively crush the crop stems and return them to the field, return the stalk powder to the field and recover the mulch film strips.

The object of the present invention is to realize by following process:

First, the crop stems are crushed and collected into the conveying channel, that is, the crop stems at the part of the plastic film are removed by crushing and crushed, and they are not returned to the field immediately, and then the plastic film with the crop stems removed is processed as follows :

Edge opening: Use one or both of the plow or the soil cutting disc to loosen the two edges of the mulch film;

Gathering: Use the horizontal film-holding mechanism to gather the plastic film after the border opening, gather the plastic film after the border opening into a narrower plastic film belt, and leave a wider space between the plastic film belts;

Stem return: release the crop stems crushed in the first step and collected in the conveying channel to the open space between the mulch belts.

Further, the dedicated equipment structure of the above method is as follows:

Contain traction or hanger (11), frame (12) and transmission mechanism, and its improvement is:

The frame (12) is successively provided with a stalk crushing mechanism, a film edge lifting mechanism (4) and a transverse film holding mechanism from front to back,

The stalk crushing mechanism comprises crushing chamber (21), and crushing chamber (21) is a horizontal cylindrical body, is provided with rotary knife (22) in the crushing chamber (21), and this rotary knife (22) is arranged on a drum body , the cylinder wall of the crushing chamber (21) cylinder is provided with two openings, one opening is located at the front lower part of the cylinder, which is the stem inlet, and the other opening is located at the rear upper part of the cylinder body, and is located at the rear upper part. Opening is connected with at least one guide tube (23), and the discharge port of this guide tube (23) is positioned at the rear portion of transverse film wrapping mechanism,

The film edge lifting mechanism (4) is one or a combination of plows or soil cutting discs.

The horizontal film raking mechanism includes a rack (31), on which racks (31) are densely covered with racks (32) to form a rake body, and the rake body is arranged on the frame (12) obliquely or transversely.

Further, the above-mentioned arm rack (31) may be a wheel-shaped body, and the arm rack (31) is densely covered with tooth bars (32) to form a round-shaped rake body.

The above-mentioned rack (31) can also be a group of sprockets, on which a chain (35) is arranged, and the tooth bar (32) is arranged on the chain (35) to form a round rake body.

The above-mentioned arm rack (31) can also be a disc-shaped body, and the side of the disc-shaped body is densely covered with racks (32) to form a rake body.

Further, an angle adjustment mechanism is provided between the arm frame (31) and the frame (12) of the above-mentioned transverse membrane mechanism, and the angle adjustment mechanism is composed of a telescopic piece (33) and a swing frame (34). One end of the frame (34) is hinged on the frame (12), the arm rack (31) is connected to the other end of the swing frame (34), and one end of the telescopic member (33) is hinged on the frame (12). ), the other end connects the middle part of the rocker (34).

Furthermore, it is better to directly recycle the above-mentioned gathered plastic film: a pick-up and separation mechanism is arranged after the horizontal film-holding mechanism, and the pick-up and separation mechanism can be any kind of pick-up and separation mechanism currently available, at least including the pick-up mechanism , a conveying mechanism and a screening mechanism, the discharge port of the guide cylinder (23) of the stem crushing mechanism extends to the rear of the screening mechanism.

Since the crop stems on the upper part of the plastic film are removed and the plastic film is collected, the working area of the plastic film recycling machine can be greatly reduced, and the operation is more concentrated, so the recycling efficiency is greatly improved.

Still further, the preferred structure of the described pick-up and separation mechanism is as follows: the pick-up mechanism includes a pick-up roller (51) and a guide plate (52). The tooth (50), the driving tooth (50) can be any one of plate-shaped body, finger-shaped rod body or tooth-shaped body or a mixture of two or more.

Described delivery mechanism is a conveyor belt (53), preferably provided with a transverse baffle plate (54) on the conveyor belt (53);

Described screening mechanism is preferably the trommel screen (55) of squirrel cage;

Still further, the shifting tooth (50) is a finger-shaped rod body, and the front end of the finger-shaped rod body is provided with a curved portion, and the end of the curved portion points to the side and rear direction.

Still further, the curved parts of the teeth (50) point to both sides of the drum body of the picking roller (51) in a staggered shape, that is, the curved parts of a row of teeth (50) on the drum body point to the left side of the drum body. Side, the curved portion of another row of teeth (50) then points to the right side of the drum body.

In the present invention, the crop stems are crushed by special equipment, and the crushed crop stems are thrown into the conveying channel by the airflow generated by the high-speed rotating blades, and then the mulch with the crop stem parts removed is opened and closed. Gather to make a wide open space between the plastic film belts, and then throw the crushed crop stems into the open space between the plastic film belts, so as to realize the plastic film gathering and the crushed stems returning to the field.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention can not only edge up and collect the mulch film, but also crush the crop stems and return them to the field, and has high working efficiency.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the top view of FIG. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the top view of FIG. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the top view of FIG. 5 .

FIG. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the rear view of FIG. 5 .

Fig. 8 is a state diagram of the angle adjustment of the horizontal film wrapping mechanism according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the top view of FIG. 9 .

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of the picking mechanism of Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of the pick-up mechanism in Embodiment 8 of the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of the pick-up mechanism according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.

Fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of the pick-up mechanism of Embodiment 10 of the present invention.

As shown in the figure: 11 is a traction or suspension frame, 12 is a frame, 20 is a fixed knife, 21 is a crushing chamber, 22 is a rotary knife, 23 is a guide cylinder, 24 is a fan, 31 is an arm rack, 32 is a Gear bar, 33 is a telescopic part, 34 is a pendulum, 35 is a sprocket, 4 is an edge mechanism, 50 is, 51 is a picking roller, 52 is a guide plate, 53 is a conveyor belt, 54 is a baffle, 55 For drum sieve, 56 is a collection box.

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1: Referring to accompanying drawings 1 and 2, it is a schematic structural view of an integrated operation machine for crushing stalks and returning them to the field and recovering mulch film according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, including a traction or suspension frame 11, a frame 12 and a transmission mechanism, and the frame 12 is From front to back, a stem crushing mechanism, a film edge lifting mechanism 4, and a horizontal film holding mechanism are successively arranged. The stem crushing mechanism includes a crushing chamber 21, which is a horizontal cylindrical body, and the cylindrical body is provided with a fixed Knife 20, the crushing chamber 21 is provided with a rotary knife 22, the rotary knife 22 is arranged on a drum body, the cylinder wall of the crushing chamber 21 cylindrical body is provided with two openings, one opening is located at the front and lower side of the cylindrical body, For the stalk inlet, another opening is located at the upper rear of the cylindrical body, and the opening located at the upper rear is connected with at least one guide cylinder 23, and the discharge port of the guide cylinder 23 is located at the rear of the transverse film wrapping mechanism.

The film edge lifting mechanism 4 is a soil cutting disc, and the horizontal film holding mechanism includes a rack 31, and the rack 31 is a round body, and there are tooth bars 32 densely distributed on the circumference to form a round shape. The rake body, and the wheel-shaped rake body is inclined or transversely arranged on the frame 12. The horizontal film holding mechanism is arranged in an inverted "eight" shape in groups of two.

An angle adjustment mechanism is provided between the rack gear frame 31 and the frame 12 of the horizontal membrane mechanism, and the angle adjustment mechanism is composed of a telescopic piece 33 and a swing frame 34, and one end of the swing frame 34 is hinged to the frame 12, the arm rack 31 is connected to the other end of the swing frame 34, and the telescopic member 33 is a screw mechanism composed of a screw rod and a rotating nut.

Of course, the angle adjustment mechanism can also be replaced by a hydraulic mechanism.

In the specific process, firstly, the crop stems are crushed and collected into the conveying channel, that is, the crop stems at the part of the plastic film are removed by crushing and crushed, and they are not returned to the field immediately, and the plastic film at the removed crop stems is immediately removed. Carry out the following treatment: After loosening the two edges of the mulch film with a soil cutting disc, gather the mulch film after the edge opening with a horizontal film holding mechanism, and gather the mulch film after the edge opening into a narrow mulch film belt, so that the mulch film There is a wide open space between the belts, and the crop stems that are crushed in the first step and collected in the conveying channel are released to the open space between the mulch belts.

In the next step, the plastic film collected into strips or strips is further recycled by using a film harvesting machine.

Embodiment 2: With reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, it is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference of this embodiment is that the arm frame 31 of the horizontal membrane mechanism is a frame body, the frame body is densely covered with gear rods 32 to form a rake body, and the rake body is in an inverted "eight" shape in a group or is horizontally arranged on the frame 12.

Embodiment 3: Referring to Fig. 5-Fig. 7, it is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference of this embodiment is that the arm frame 31 of the horizontal membrane mechanism is a chain , the chain is densely covered with tooth bars 32 to form a rake body, two groups of rake bodies are inclined in an inverted "eight" shape or are arranged laterally on the frame 12, and are driven by a sprocket 35.

Embodiment 4: Referring to FIG. 8 , it is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Compared with Embodiment 3, the difference of this embodiment is that multiple rows of gear bars 32 are provided on the chain to form rake bodies.

Embodiment 5: Referring to Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, it is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 5 of the present invention. Compared with Embodiment 3, the difference of this embodiment is that the arm frame 31 of the horizontal membrane mechanism is a disc The side of the disk-shaped body is densely covered with tooth bars 32 to form a disc brush-shaped rake body, and the film edge lifting mechanism 4 is a combination of a soil cutting disc and a plow.

Embodiment 6: Referring to FIG. 11 , it is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 6 of the present invention. Compared with Embodiment 4, the difference of this embodiment is that the chain is not only provided with multiple rows of gear bars 32 to form a rake body, The film edge lifting mechanism 4 is also a combination of a soil cutting disc and a plow.

Embodiment 7: Referring to FIG. 12 , it is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 7 of the present invention. Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference of this embodiment is that the horizontal film-wrapping mechanism includes a plurality of racks 31 of wheel-shaped bodies. Form a wheel-shaped array of rakes.

Embodiment 8: Referring to Fig. 13 and Fig. 14, it is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 8 of the present invention. Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference of this embodiment is that a pick-up and separation mechanism is set after the transverse membrane mechanism. The mulch film after gathering directly carries out recovery operation, and described pick-up separation mechanism comprises pick-up mechanism, conveying mechanism and screening mechanism, and the discharge port of the guide tube 23 of described stalk crushing mechanism extends to the rear portion of screening mechanism, And conveying blower fan 24 is set in guide cylinder 23 pipelines, and described pick-up mechanism comprises pick-up roller 51 and guide plate 52, and pick-up roller 51 is a drum body, is provided with the dial tooth 50 that densely distributes on the drum body , the shifting tooth 50 is a finger-shaped rod body, the conveying mechanism is a conveyor belt 53, and the conveyor belt 53 is provided with a transverse baffle plate (54), and the described screening mechanism is a squirrel-cage trommel 55.

Realize the integrated operation of stem crushing and plastic film recycling, and the recycling efficiency is greatly improved.

Embodiment 9: Referring to FIG. 15 , it is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 9 of the present invention. Compared with Embodiment 8, the difference of this embodiment is that the shifting tooth 50 is a finger-shaped rod body, and the front end of the finger-shaped rod body is provided with a curved part, and the end of the curved part points to the side and rear direction, and the curved part of the teeth 50 points to both sides of the drum body of the picking roller 51 in a staggered shape, that is, the row of teeth 50 on the drum body The curved portion points to the left side of the drum body, and the curved portion of the other row of teeth 50 points to the right side of the drum body.

Embodiment 10: Referring to FIG. 16 , it is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 10 of the present invention. Compared with Embodiment 8, the difference of this embodiment is that the shifting tooth 50 is a plate-shaped body.

Embodiment 11: Referring to FIG. 17 , it is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 11 of the present invention. Compared with Embodiment 8, the difference of this embodiment is that the shifting tooth 50 is a tooth-shaped body.

Embodiment 12: Compared with Embodiment 8, the difference of this embodiment is that the shifting tooth 50 is any one of plate-shaped body, finger-shaped rod body or tooth-shaped body or a mixture of two or more.

Embodiment 13: Compared with Embodiments 8-12, the difference of this embodiment is that the recovery of the plastic film is carried out through another step of operation, that is, any operating mechanism of Embodiments 1-7 is used to crush and return the stalks. Field operations, and then carry out plastic film recovery operations through any of the existing picking and separating mechanisms.

The above are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred implementations should not be regarded as limiting the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope defined in the claims. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made and should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. cane chopping and returning mulch film reclaims a method for operation, it is characterized in that:

First crop stalk carried out pulverizing and collect in transfer passage, namely remove the crop stalk at mulch film position by grinding mode and pulverize, again the mulch film removing crop stalk position being handled as follows afterwards:

Qi Bian: use plough or cut in native disk one or both to combine, two of mulch film edges are opened pine;

Hold together collection: use the mulch film of horizontal Lou Mo mechanism to Qi Bianhou to hold together collection, the mulch film of Qi Bianhou is held together integrated narrower ground film strips, and make mulch film interband vacate wider vacant lot;

Cane is field also: will pulverize and the crop stalk collected in transfer passage is discharged on the vacant lot of mulch film interband.

2. cane chopping and returning mulch film according to claim 1 reclaims the method for operation, it is characterized in that: the special device structure of described method is as follows:

Comprise traction or hanger bracket (11), frame (12) and transmission mechanism, frame (12) is provided with from front to back successively cane disintegrating mechanism, Mo Bianqi limit mechanism (4) and horizontal Lou Mo mechanism;

Described cane disintegrating mechanism comprises pulverizing chamber (21), pulverizing chamber (21) is the cylindrical body of a transverse direction, rotating knife (22) is provided with in pulverizing chamber (21), this rotating knife (22) is arranged on a barrel, the barrel of pulverizing chamber (21) cylindrical body is provided with two openings, an opening is positioned at the front lower place of cylindrical body, for cane import, another opening is positioned at the back upper place of cylindrical body, and the opening being positioned at back upper place is connected with at least one guiding tube (23), the discharging opening of this guiding tube (23) is positioned at the rear portion of horizontal Lou Mo mechanism;

One or both the combination that described Mo Bianqi limit mechanism (4) is plough or cuts in native disk;

Described horizontal Lou Mo mechanism comprises the frame that tines (31), the frame that tines (31) is densely covered with ratch (32) and forms rake body, and harrows body in tilting or being horizontally set in frame (12).

3. cane chopping and returning mulch film according to claim 2 reclaims the method for operation, it is characterized in that:

The described frame that tines (31) is wheel-shaped body, the frame that tines (31) is densely covered with the rake body that ratch (32) forms a colyliform;

Or the described frame that tines (31) also can be one group of sprocket wheel, and sprocket wheel is provided with chain (35), described ratch (32) is arranged at the rake body of upper formation one colyliform of chain (35);

Or the described frame that tines (31) is a discoid body, discoid body side is densely covered with ratch (32) and forms rake body.

4. the cane chopping and returning mulch film according to Claims 2 or 3 reclaims the method for operation, it is characterized in that: between the frame that tines (31) of described horizontal Lou Mo mechanism and frame (12), be provided with angle adjusting mechanism, this angle adjusting mechanism is made up of an extensible member (33) and rocker (34), an end of rocker (34) is articulated with in frame (12), the frame (31) that tines then is connected to the other end of rocker (34), extensible member (33) then end is articulated with in frame (12), the other end connects the middle part of rocker (34).

5. the cane chopping and returning mulch film according to any one of claim 1-4 reclaims the method for operation, it is characterized in that: described hold together mulch film after collection carry out recoverys operation: after horizontal Lou Mo mechanism, separating mechanism is picked up in setting, this pick up separating mechanism can at present existing any one pick up separating mechanism, at least comprise pick-up mechanism, conveying mechanism and screening mechanism, the discharging opening of the guiding tube (23) of described cane disintegrating mechanism extends to the rear portion of screening mechanism.

6. cane chopping and returning mulch film according to claim 5 reclaims the method for operation, it is characterized in that: described to pick up separating mechanism structure as follows: pick-up mechanism comprises to dial and picks up roller (51) and guide plate (52), dialling and picking up roller (51) is a barrel, barrel is provided with densely covered moving tooth (50), and moving tooth (50) can be one or more mixture arbitrary in plate body, the finger-like body of rod or dentate body.

7. cane chopping and returning mulch film according to claim 6 reclaims the method for operation, it is characterized in that: described moving tooth (50) is the finger-like body of rod, and finger-like lever front end is provided with a bend, and the end of described bend point to proceeds posterolateral to.

8. cane chopping and returning mulch film according to claim 7 reclaims the method for operation, it is characterized in that: the both sides of picking up roller (51) barrel are dialled in the cross-shaped sensing of described moving tooth (50) bend, namely one on described barrel extricates from the left side of the bend sensing barrel of tooth (50), and another bend extricating from tooth (50) then points to the right side of barrel.