CN104968190B - 可湿润的泥煤苔、制备方法和使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种组合物,包含泥煤苔和一种或多种选自醇烷氧基化物和烷基酚烷氧基化物的烷氧基化物和任选地一种或多种多糖,例如瓜尔胶和/或瓜尔胶衍生物。发现了该烷氧基化物和该多糖组合的协同效果。也公开了一种制备泥煤苔组合物的方法和使用其的方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
要求2012年9月13日提交的美国临时专利申请61/700,556的权益。
发明背景
本发明涉及泥煤苔领域,更特别地涉及改进泥煤苔的润湿性。
根据本领域目前的状态,在泥煤苔工业中,通常使用表面活性剂作为润湿剂。例如,在美国专利5,867,937中,Templeton描述了使用EO-PO聚合物和二氧化硅来减轻泥煤苔、树皮和石棉在用于植物生长的无土混合物中的疏水性,在不伤害植物的情况下,促进这种混合物更容易、更快和更均匀的浇灌。Hagen等,美国专利6,455,149,描述了水可溶胀泥煤颗粒,包括泥煤苔,pH调节剂,润湿剂和任选地加工助剂,具有优选的约300-约600kg/m3的体积密度。该润湿剂可以是非离子表面活性剂,例如共聚环氧烷,例如环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物(EO-PO)。Chen等,2013年2月14日公开的美国专利公开2013/0036668Al中公开了具有改进的保水能力、亲水性和/或抗浸出性的泥煤苔组合物,该泥煤苔组合物包含一种或多种多糖,例如瓜尔胶和/或瓜尔胶衍生物。
在泥煤苔领域之外,已经使用和提出各种土壤添加剂来防止蒸发、促进种子发芽和降低排放的目的,例如,2011年4月26日提交的PCT/CN2011/073298描述了将大量添加剂,例如瓜尔胶,清洗或未清洗的瓜尔胶或诸如聚丙烯酰胺和聚(甲基)丙烯酸的聚合物引入目标土壤区域中并且使目标土壤区域的顶层与表面添加剂接触。
本领域中仍有改进泥煤苔的保水能力和润湿均匀性的需求。
发明概述
本发明的目的在于改进泥煤苔的保水能力、亲水性和抗浸出能力。
该目的以及在下述公开的基础上变得显而易见的其他目的通过本发明来达到,一方面本发明包括组合物,该组合物包含泥煤苔和一种或多种选自醇烷氧基化物和烷基酚烷氧基化物的烷氧基化物。在一些实施方式中,烷氧基化物为乙氧基化物。任选地一种或多种多糖也可以包含在该泥煤苔组合物中。在一些实施方式中,该多糖为瓜尔胶和/或瓜尔胶衍生物(在本文中统称“瓜尔胶”)。
在另一方面,本发明包括改进泥煤苔的保水能力、亲水性和抗浸出能力的方法,该方法包括添加一种或多种醇烷氧基化物和/或烷基酚烷氧基化物的步骤。
本发明的另一方面包括园艺方法,包括种植需要包含泥煤苔的组合物中的水和营养物质的种子或植物,该组合物包含这种营养物质和一种或多种烷氧基化物。任选地,一种或多种多糖可以与一种或多种烷氧基化物组合引入该泥煤苔组合物中。
发明详述
术语“泥煤苔”通常指大吸收剂苔藓(泥炭藓属,泥炭藓科),其大量生长在沼泽地中,其中较低部分缓慢腐烂以形成泥煤沉积物。泥煤苔广泛地使用在园艺学中,特别地用于包装植物和堆肥。天然泥煤苔包含对植物生长和防护有利的营养物质,但是熟知其是疏水性的并且干燥后难以润湿。
依据本发明,不同量的一种或多种醇烷氧基化物和/或烷基酚烷氧基化物被添加进泥煤苔中,并且得到的组合物具有前述的改进的保水能力、亲水性和/或营养物质和/或杀虫剂的抗浸出能力。
任选地,一种或多种多糖也添加进该泥煤苔中。合适的多糖包括瓜尔胶,未清洗的瓜尔胶,清洗的瓜尔胶,阳离子瓜尔胶,羧甲基瓜尔胶(CM瓜尔胶),羟乙基瓜尔胶(HE瓜尔胶),羟丙基瓜尔胶(HP瓜尔胶),羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶(CMHP瓜尔胶),疏水改性瓜尔胶(HM瓜尔胶),疏水改性羧甲基瓜尔胶(HMCM瓜尔胶),疏水改性羟乙基瓜尔胶(HMHE瓜尔胶),疏水改性羟丙基瓜尔胶(HMHP瓜尔胶),阳离子疏水改性羟丙基瓜尔胶(阳离子HMHP瓜尔胶),疏水改性羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶(HMCMHP瓜尔胶),疏水改性阳离子瓜尔胶(HM阳离子瓜尔胶),瓜尔胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵,羟丙基瓜尔胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵,淀粉,玉米,小麦,稻米,土豆,木薯粉,糯玉米,高粱,糯高粱,西米,糊精,甲壳素,壳聚糖,藻酸盐组合物,黄原胶,鹿角菜胶,肉桂胶,罗望子胶,阳离子纤维素,阳离子聚丙烯酰胺,阳离子淀粉,刺梧桐胶,阿拉伯胶,果胶,纤维素,羟基纤维素,羟烷基纤维素,羟乙基纤维素,羧甲基羟乙基纤维素,羟丙基纤维素,上述任何一种物质的衍生物或上述任何一种物质的结合,等等。
优选的多糖包括阳离子瓜尔胶,合成聚丙烯酰胺,诸如淀粉,纤维素的多糖等。阳离子羟丙基瓜尔胶是优选的瓜尔胶。在一个阳离子羟丙基瓜尔胶优选的实施方式中,阳离子的取代度(DS)为约0.01至约3。在另一个阳离子羟丙基瓜尔胶优选的实施方式中,该阳离子DS为约0.01至1.5。在一个阳离子羟丙基瓜尔胶优选的实施方式中,阳离子DS为约0.01至0.5。在一个实施方式中,羟丙基化度,分子取代水平(MS)为约0.1至2,更特别地为约0.1至1。
我们发现在某些实施方式中瓜尔胶和一种或多种烷氧基化物的结合在对泥煤苔的保水能力和润湿效果上提供协同效应,其中该保水能力和润湿百分比比单独的烷氧基化物和多糖的贡献总和高。
醇烷氧基化物和/或烷基酚烷氧基化物的使用量可以改变,然而在优选的实施方式中,使用量为2-30,000百万分之一份(PPM)泥煤苔按重量计,更优选约500-5,000PPM,和最优选1,000-3,000PPM按重量计。
优选的多糖是瓜尔胶,当存在时,优选的量为占醇烷氧基化物和/或烷基酚烷氧基化物重量的0.1-20%,更优选1-8%。在某些实施方式中,该多糖占该泥煤苔组合物的约5-1000PPM,和在优选的实施方式中,该多糖为阳离子羟丙基取代的瓜尔胶,其占该泥煤苔组合物的约10-200PPM按重量计。基于烷氧基化物,该瓜尔胶可以在某些实施方式中占烷氧基化物的约0.1-20重量%,优选约1-8重量%。
在某些实施方式中,醇烷氧基化物和/或烷基酚烷氧基化物为具有式(I)结构的醇乙氧基化物
其中R1为C1-C18的线性或支化烷基或烯基;
R2为氢或CH3;和
n为2-40。
优选的醇乙氧基化物为R1为C9-C15的线性或支化烷基或烯基的那些;
R2为氢或CH3;和
n为5-8。
在一个实施方式中,该烷氧基化物为C12-C15的醇乙氧基化物,具有平均约7个EO单元。
式(I)的醇乙氧基化物和/或烷基酚烷氧基化物的合适的量为每一百万份(PPM)泥煤苔500-5000份瓜尔胶按重量计,更优选约1000-3000PPM醇乙氧基化物按重量计。
我们发现将醇烷氧基化物和/或烷基酚烷氧基化物引入泥煤苔中显著降低了在水滴渗透时间测试(WDPT)中的水湿润时间,并且所述降低甚至持续到几次清洗工艺之后,并且在清洗工艺中降低了其必要成分的损失。我们发现包含一种或多种醇或烷基酚烷氧基化物和多糖的泥煤苔具有协同增强的保水能力。
当任选的多糖与醇烷氧基化物和/或烷基酚烷氧基化物组合使用时,该多糖可以通过各种方法被引入泥煤苔,例如通过在泥煤苔基质上喷雾或混合瓜尔胶粉末,溶液,悬浮液,和/或控制浓度的预混合,包括一种或多种静止或混合步骤。该得到的泥煤苔被干燥或作为已处理后的包装,然后运输至该泥煤苔的应用地点。该多糖也可以在应用地点直接原位应用在泥煤苔基质中。
本发明的该泥煤苔组合物可以在如植物生长,耕作等的应用中作为基质使用或与其他组分混合作为混合基质使用。
实施例
实施例演示了通过采用醇烷氧基化物和/或烷基酚烷氧基化物添加剂处理的泥煤苔的亲水性、抗浸出性、和保水能力(WHC)的增加,其使用下述材料,设备,实验程序和实施例1和2的步骤来进行:
A.材料:泥煤苔:标准褐色(Lambert Peat Moss,);使用由C12-C15线性醇乙氧基化物(平均10-15个EO单元)(“AE”)和二烷基酚乙氧基化物(平均11个EO单元,C3-C7)(“APE”)组成的醇烷氧基化物和/或烷基酚烷氧基化物;由阳离子改性羟丙基瓜尔胶,Jaguar商标,组成的多糖。
B.设备:Kitch搅拌器;喷雾瓶:可调节喷雾瓶;自制柱(3英寸直径,8英寸长,并且一端用250目的金属滤网密封);标准实验室供应:抹刀,烧杯,烧瓶,小瓶,天平(Denver0-4000克,精度:0.01克),计时器;数码相机(任选)。
C.样品制备:
1、2升泥煤苔(~240克)进料至厨房共混器中
2、共混器设定为低设置
3、混合1分钟后,将溶液(20mL的化学品或水)喷雾至泥煤苔的顶部
D.泥煤柱润湿性测试:
1、27克处理后的泥煤转移至八个柱中的每一个。
2、150mL的DI-水缓慢注入每一个柱中。
3、收集并称重排出的水。通过质量差来计算保留水的质量。
4、将泥煤倒在盘子上。测量润湿泥煤的百分比。
实施例1-AE和APE的润湿性和保水能力比较测试
比较了使用醇乙氧基化物(AE)或烷基酚乙氧基化物(APE)处理的泥煤苔柱和使用去离子水的对照物的保水能力和润湿均一性。比较的结果记录在表1中。
表1
润湿剂 | 保水能力(g/g) | 润湿性(%) |
AE | 0.41 | 20 |
APE | 0.33 | 21 |
DI水(比较) | 0.07 | 11 |
润湿性指的是测试中泥煤变湿润的百分比。
实施例2-与单独的瓜尔胶的润湿性和保水能力比较测试
比较了采用(A)单独使用的醇乙氧基化物(AE),(B)AE与瓜尔胶一起,和(C)单独的瓜尔胶处理的泥煤苔柱的保水能力和润湿均一性。结果显示了AE和瓜尔胶组合使用的协同效果。比较测试的结果记录在表2中。
表2
润湿剂 | 保水能力(g/g) | 润湿性(%) |
AE | 0.48 | 37 |
AE+瓜尔胶 | 1.10 | 54 |
瓜尔胶(比较) | 0.16 | 15 |
润湿性指的是测试中泥煤变湿润的百分比。
因此本发明特别适用于实施目的和达到上述提到的结果和优点,和其中固有的其他优点。尽管本发明通过涉及特别优选的本发明的实施方式来描绘和描述和定义时,这些涉及并不意味着对本发明的限制,并且也不能推定存在这种限制。本发明在形式和功能上能够进行相当大的修改,替代和等同,这些对相关领域技术普通人员来说是能想到的。该描绘和描述的优选的本发明的实施方式仅是对本发明的示例,并不是穷尽本发明的范围。因此本发明意在仅通过所附的权利要求的精神和范围进行限制,对各方面的等同物给出了充分认识。
Claims (9)
1.一种组合物,包含泥煤苔和一种或多种烷氧基化物和一种或多种多糖,其中该烷氧基化物为式(I)的醇乙氧基化物,一种或多种多糖为阳离子改性羟丙基瓜尔胶,
其中R1为C1-C18的线性或支化烷基或烯基;
R2为氢或CH3;和
n为2-40。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中R1为C12-C15的线性或支化烷基或烯基;R2为氢或CH3;和n为10-15。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其包含每一百万重量份的泥煤苔500-5000重量份的醇乙氧基化物。
4.一种改进泥煤苔的亲水性、抗营养物质或杀虫剂从中浸出的能力、和/或保水能力的方法,包括在泥煤苔中引入一种或多种烷氧基化物和一种或多种多糖,其中该烷氧基化物为式(I)的醇乙氧基化物,一种或多种多糖为阳离子改性羟丙基瓜尔胶,
其中R1为C1-C18的线性或支化烷基或烯基;R2为氢或CH3;和n为2-40。
5.权利要求4的方法,包括在泥煤苔基质上或中喷雾或混合所述一种或多种烷氧基化物和阳离子改性羟丙基瓜尔胶粉末、溶液、悬浮液,和/或控制浓度的预混合。
6.权利要求4的方法,其中R1为C9-C15的线性或支化烷基或烯基;R2为氢或CH3;和n为5-8。
7.权利要求4的方法,其中所述阳离子改性羟丙基瓜尔胶的量为每一百万重量份的泥煤苔10-200重量份。
8.权利要求4的方法,包含多糖,其用量使得其中该保水能力和润湿百分比比烷氧基化物和多糖的单独贡献总和高。
9.一种植物栽培方法,包括在权利要求1的组合物中种植植物。
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