CN1049531C - 制造高导电率气层主动防雷避雷方法及装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
制造高导电率气层的主动防雷避雷方法及其装置，主要特点是：当被保护物被雷击概率达到40～60%以上时在90秒以内在被保护物周围制造带电粒子数密度为5×1010个/m3以上1～8米厚高导电率的气体保护层的方法。另一主要特点是由雷击危险性监测器1、粒子发生器3、气流输送器4和CPU2组成的制造高导电率气层的主动防雷避雷装置。切断闪电通道，实现对建筑物全方位防雷避雷，并且造价低廉。
Description
本发明涉及主动制造高导电率气层防雷避雷方法。
防雷击技术已有两个多世纪的研究历史。最早的富兰克林避雷针是18世纪50年代由富兰克林发明的。其原理是用一根高过被保护建筑物的接地导体，改变了雷云电荷在建筑物周围的电场强度。使得在避雷针尖的电场强度达到击穿值时，建筑物表面的电场强度远在击穿值之下。
后来使用的法拉第笼式防雷法是利用包围在建筑物周围的接地钢筋或铜带网起屏蔽作用，使内部建筑物的电场强度大大削弱而达不到击穿值。
最近推出的各种消雷器，则是利用电晕放电现象，使建筑物处的电场强度始终达不到击穿值。
总之，已有的避雷或消雷技术，实质上都是用金属针的尖端、电晕放电或金属网屏蔽等被动的减小或抑制被保护物处的电场强度，使其达不到击穿值。
本发明的目的是提供一种制造高导电率大气层的主动防雷避雷方法，克服传统避雷器和消雷器的被动的减小或抑制被保护物处的电场强度的蔽病。
高导电率介质中电场强度低这一定性概念是众所周知的，金属内部电场强度几乎为零，就是由于金属内自由运动的电子的存在使导电率很高，所以任何高电场出现时，立即趋动出电流，使得金属内部电荷重新分布，结果电场强度降低。介质中导电率高的区域电场强度就弱。同样的道理，若能够在被保护物周围产生一层高导电率气层，便就能成为低电场强度的保护层，由于导电率正比于带电粒子数密度，因此只要提高气层中带电粒子数密度，气层的导电率就同时提高。晴天时地面大气电导率为2×10-16Ω-1cm-1量级，带电粒子数密度为5×106/m3量级。若使保护气层中导电率比晴天时高出100倍以上。就可以起到防雷的保护作用。
本发明主要特点是当被保护物被雷击危险性概率达到40～60％以上时，90秒内在被保护物周围主动制造带电粒子数密度为大于5×1010个/m3的1～8米厚的高导电率的气体保护层。
本发明的另一主要特点是由用于监测雷击危险性监测器1，用于产生带电粒子的粒子发生器3，所说的粒子发生器3的粒子发生总数等于在90秒内产生每平方米被保护物周围1～8米厚的大于5×1010个/m3带电粒子再乘以被保护物的总面积，用于输送带电粒子的气流输送器4及接收雷击危险性监测器1监测数据和控制启闭粒子发生器3和气流输送器4的CPU2组成。
本发明与传统避雷技术和消雷技术相比，有下列优点：
(1)安全系数大并且可调。高导电率气层越厚，避雷的
安全系数就越大。通过调整带电粒子发生器产生的
粒子量就可以改变安全系数。
(2)保护彻底。高导电率气层可以覆盖整个被保护物表面，
对于任何方向来的雷击可以有同样的保护作用。
(3)全频谱避雷。对雷击的高频分量，保护层同样有切
断作用，所以本避雷技术是全频谱避雷。
(4)无引雷的副作用。
(5)无其他派生危险。本发明没有传统避雷针向地泄电
时对室内用电器造成的破坏性感应脉冲，也没有避
雷针附近地面那样的跨步电压。
(6)造价低。一座火箭发射塔用传统方法避雷防雷需150
万元人民币，且会给发射配套的其它系统，如对通
讯系统造成影响，用本发明仅需20万元人民币，并
且不带来其它影响。
图1为制造高导电率气层的主动防雷避雷装置方框图。1为雷击危险性监测器，2为CPU，3为带电粒子发生器，4为气流输送器。
下面结合图1论述本发明。
雷击危险性监测器随时监测被保护物周围大气导电率状况，尤其是被保护物顶部大气导电率状况，并实时传输给CPU2，经CPU2与内存数据比较，确认雷击危险性概率已达到40～60％以上时就开启带电粒子发生器3和气流输送器4，在90秒内在被保护物周围迅速制造一个1～8米厚的带电粒子数密度为大于5×1010个/m3高导电率气层。随着大气带电粒子数密度的增大，被保护物周围的电场强度逐渐降低，当CPU2判定已降到遭雷击危险性概率40％以下时，CPU2控制关闭带电粒子发生器3和气流输送器4，从而完成制造高导电率气层的防雷避雷功能。
Claims (3)
1、制造高导电率气层的主动防雷避雷方法，其特征在于当被保护物受雷击危险性概率达到40％以上时，由带电粒子发生器产生带电粒子，气流输送器输送到被保护物的周围，在被保护物周围形成正负带电粒子浓度为5×1010个/m3以上的高导电率气体保护层。
2、制造高导电率气层的主动防雷避雷装置，其特征在于由带电粒子发生器和气流输送器组成。由带电粒子发生器产生带电粒子，气流输送器输送到被保护物的周围，在被保护物的周围形成正负带电粒子浓度为5×1010个/m3以上的高导电率气体保护层。
3、根据权利要求2的主动防雷避雷装置，其特征在于该装置还包括一套雷击危险性监测器，随时监测被保护物周围大气电场状况，尤其是被保护物顶部电场状况，并实时传输给CPU。经CPU确认雷击危险性概率已达到40％以上时，就开启带电粒子发生器和气流输送器，在被保护物周围迅速形成一个正负带电粒子浓度为5×1010个/m3以上的高导电率气层。当CPU判定雷击危险性概率已降到40％以下时，CPU控制关闭带电粒子发生器和气流输送器，从而完成防雷避雷。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1130958C (zh) * | 1999-12-30 | 2003-12-10 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | 真空等离子体避雷方法和装置 |
| CN2456342Y (zh) * | 2000-12-28 | 2001-10-24 | 张世锭 | 等离子体避雷技术中对消电荷的放大和慢释放装置 |
| CN108539582A (zh) * | 2017-03-02 | 2018-09-14 | 中国移动通信集团广东有限公司 | 一种避雷装置 |
| CN107482319B (zh) * | 2017-07-27 | 2020-11-17 | 西安爱邦电磁技术有限责任公司 | 一种有源射频天线雷电防护系统及防护方法 |
| CN110123159A (zh) | 2017-08-09 | 2019-08-16 | 沙克忍者运营有限责任公司 | 烹饪系统 |
| US11033146B2 (en) | 2019-02-25 | 2021-06-15 | Sharkninja Operating Llc | Cooking device and components thereof |
| US11751710B2 (en) | 2019-02-25 | 2023-09-12 | Sharkninja Operating Llc | Guard for cooking system |
| US11647861B2 (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2023-05-16 | Sharkninja Operating Llc | Cooking device and components thereof |
| CN118455799B (zh) * | 2024-07-12 | 2024-09-06 | 常州市海宝焊割有限公司 | 一种交换料台龙门切割机 |
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