CN104943181A - External fixation frame based 3D printing technology - Google Patents
External fixation frame based 3D printing technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an external fixation frame based the 3D printing technology. The technological process of the external fixation frame comprises the following three stages: (1) obtaining model data of the external fixation frame, obtaining shape data of an affected limb with a 3D scanner, and obtaining a computer aided design model through conversion; (2) designing the external fixation frame on a 3D model, namely the computer aided design mode; (3) manufacturing the external fixation frame with fused deposition rapid modeling equipment. The external fixation frame provided by the invention is manufactured through printing of a PLA material according to the fused deposition rapid modeling technology, so that the problems that the common external fixation frame brings discomfort to a patient due to low breathability and heaviness can be effectively solved; appearance data of the external fixation frame provided by the invention are based on 3D scanned morphological parameters of the patient, so that the protection and the fixation of the affected limb are not inferior to those provided by the common external fixation frame; through the hollowed-out design at reasonable positions, the skin breathing effect of the affected limb is enhanced, and the itching symptom of the affected limb in a hot season is effectively relieved; the external fixation frame provided by the invention adopts an integral hollowed-out structure and is provided with a plurality of tiny holes, so that a relatively feasible solution is provided to treating a fracture through the combination of external fixation and other external treatment means.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of exterior fixing rack based on 3D printing technique, belong to orthopaedic technique field.
Background technology
Fracture is damage common in daily life, and after the fracture, patient needs to accept corresponding fixation usually, to ensure the rehabilitation of affected bone.Fixation conventional at present, be divided into extenal fixation and the large class of internal fixtion two, for extenal fixation, gypsum and plintlet are external fixers the most general.Gypsum and plintlet, due to the restriction of its aspect such as material, manufacture craft, device self is comparatively heavy, and permeability is not ideal enough, and usually can not fit with the suffering limb perfection of patient.Can bring comparatively significantly uncomfortable to the patient accepting External fixation.
3D printing technique is considered to will be the important tool of production that can represent " the third time industrial revolution ".3D is printed the new technology inventory listing " waiting to popularize " in by " the horizon report " of 2013 first, 2012 annual reports of American technology counseling services association Wohler are pointed out, 3D printing technique industry accounts for 15.1% in the expenditure of medical domain application and shows a rising trend for 2011.
Jack (JAKE EVILL) of university of victoria in 2013 proposes the novel bone fixed support conception made by 3D printing technique, but this support is unadjustable, and this project extenal fixation regulates by double end stock expandable nail.University Of Nanhua Liu Jun in 2008, devises a kind of novel exterior fixing rack containing Kirschner wire bundle mesh-supported, design concept has points of resemblance with this project, but there are differences in technological means.Mo Xiumei and Li great Wei in Shanghai in 2014 proposes a kind of three-dimensional stent material for bone tissue reparation and preparation method thereof, but exists different from this project on use material and preparation method.The horse English in Shandong in 2007 proposes a kind of one-sided fracture external fixer.Outside fixed frame for external osteosynthesis described in this invention comprises locking pin and support body, pass through adjustment screw, realize the elastic micro-motion of external fixing rack, the Zhao Xin in Shandong in 2013 proposes a kind of slide lock exterior fixing rack, it passes through rotation adjusting lever, can carry out micro-positioning regulators to exterior fixing rack, the Hou Zhongjun in Shandong in 2014 proposes a kind of angle adjustable and length external fixer.This device, by regulating by lower beam in the connection of fastening bolt, carrys out angle and the length of adjusting device, is applicable to phalangeal fracture.
The double end stock expandable nail that above three projects and this project are printed by 3D, regulates the constant intensity of exterior fixing rack, there are differences in technological means.In sum, after 3D printing technique being applied to fracture, relevant exploration and research have all been made in treatment field both at home and abroad, and at materials application, technological means aspect achieves certain effect, but are really applied to clinical practice and also need to probe into further and improve.
At present the non-treatment including surgical indication and postoperative rehabilitation indication patient in of fracture is fixed mainly through the exterior fixing rack such as gypsum or clamping plate, re-starts support according to the degree of suffering limb detumescence and fix.
The defect of present arrangements mainly lower several in:
1, be easily again shifted.Just because of the reset of fracture of ulna and radius requires very high, manipulative reduction extenal fixation does not often reach the requirement for the treatment of, and manipulative reduction extenal fixation concerns the factor such as experience, technology, the undisputable fact really but difficulty that resets easily is shifted also again.
2, easily dysfunction is caused., often there is Fracture Nonunion and malunion, thus cause dysfunction in the treatment of closed reduction gypsum extenal fixation.
3, heat release has burn feeling and poor air permeability.Gypsum and water meeting chemically reactive, progressively harden and release heat, at this moment patient has burning heat sensation, and gypsum support poor air permeability, skin can cause the problems such as excoriation because of airtight.
4, easily develop complications, impact fracture restore funcitons.Easily there is compartment syndrome, nonunion, the unsuitable fixing disadvantageous mechanical environment spinfunction obstacle caused.
5, blood circulation disorder.Plaster fixing is the common methods be fixed fracture patient, and the advantage of plaster fixing is hard, not yielding loose.Hard just because of Cast, fit tightly with limbs, so be difficult to adapt to limbs in post-traumatic reactive swelling, easily oppress limbs and occur many complication, as repressive routed soup, repressive neuroparalysis and blood circulation disorder etc., serious caused limb necrosis.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of exterior fixing rack based on 3D printing technique, use 3D printing technique, produce for the engraved structure support with multiple air-vent in external fixation of fracture.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows.
Based on an exterior fixing rack for 3D printing technique, it is designed specifically to four iteration, is specially:
Iteration for the first time: the tubbiness support 3D max image of manual drawing engraved structure, utilizes this image, produce entity after section by 3D printing technique;
Second time iteration: utilize software, identifies in x light plain film position of fracturing automatically, and by this position, position, in conjunction with 3-D scanning result, the distribution of design void region, and make corresponding 3D max image, carry out entity making;
Iteration for the third time: on the basis of second time iteration, inside adds that slowly can be absorbed by human body, containing traditional Chinese medicine ingredients bioprotein film, and utilize 3D printing technique to make the two-part Double-headed expension bolts of jockey;
4th iteration: on basis before, uses CT image to replace x-ray image, and carries out three-dimensional reconstruction to CT image, simultaneously automated analysis fracture characteristic information.In addition, camera automatic spraying system sprayed biological protein film is utilized.
Further, the material selection PLA of exterior fixing rack is as the preferred material making this support, and carry out compatibility demonstration and intensity demonstration for this material, wherein, compatibility Demonstration Method is, designs a simple bracelet, and adopts PLA material to print entity, within 24 hours, uninterruptedly wear, whether inspection PLA material can produce adverse effect to skin by the entity products after melting layer and quick forming fabri-cation; Intensity Demonstration Method is, by equivalent specifications diameter 2cm length 4cm, being respectively the bar of PLA and gypsum, carrying out destruction simply of the same type, as broken, falling, and the mode such as to turn round, and finds that the performance of PLA bar in intensity that fusion stacking prints is all good than gypsum.
Further, technological process based on the exterior fixing rack of 3D printing technique: point 3 stages: 1. obtain stent model data and use spatial digitizer to obtain suffering limb shape data, change into support CAD (computer aided design, three-dimensional software) model; 2. on threedimensional model, support is designed; 3. support is manufactured with fusion sediment rapid forming equipment; Wherein, the design process of 3 D-printing is: first by microcomputer modelling software modeling, then the threedimensional model " subregion " built up is become cross section successively, namely cuts into slices, thus instructs printer successively to print; The Standard File Format cooperated between design software and printer is stl file form.A stl file uses triangular facet to come the surface of approximate simulation object.The less surface resolution that it generates of triangular facet is higher.PLY is a kind of scanner of the three dimensional file by scanning generation, and its VRML or WRL file generated is through being often used as the input file of full-color printing.These cross sections, by the cross sectional information in file reading, are printed with the material of liquid, powdery or sheet, then are glued together in every way by each layer cross section thus produce an entity by printer layer by layer.In fusion stacking, Selective Laser Sintering refers to carries out selective cutting with laser beam on sheet thermoplastic, thus every tomographic image is made sheet thermoplastic, then by stacked for these thin slices sintering, makes model; The spraying of some glue, utilizes camera point glue spraying technology, rack inner wall sprays the scheme of the high biomaterial of one deck known organism compatibility; Camera automatic spraying system, first the position coordinates of measurement point on the display image of operation interface is obtained, call corresponding measurement function, calculate its geometric parameter at the display image of operation interface, recycle the result of pixel alignment afterwards, namely geometric parameter can be obtained physics corresponding to what parameter of the moon and physical distance divided by pixel resolution; Mechanically calibrated module is to as follows by the mechanical alignment process of positioning image: be fixed on by camera in the z-axis of desktop point glue platform, and is connected with desktop point glue platform by main frame with Serial Port Line; Start desktop point glue platform, main frame and vision alignment module will be activated; Select " mechanically calibrated " function; Plasticine is placed in table plane, by the arrow button control point glue platform movement on main frame screen, makes dispensing needle head just to plasticine; Move z-axis at a slow speed by the z-axis directionkeys on main frame screen, stop mobile after making syringe needle extrude an impression on plasticine; Moved in camera view by the impression of the directionkeys on main frame screen by plasticine, and make its blur-free imaging; Tracking cross on moving screen, makes the center superposition of its position and impression; Select " determination " button of operation interface, complete mechanically calibrated function; Install fixing: the exterior fixing rack entity that fusion stacking technology manufactures, be divided into two symmetrical parts, be fastened on the limbs of patient by double-end expansion nail; There is the hole that can embed expandable nail the junction of support, and double-end expansion nail inserts nail, connection bracket respectively; Double-end expansion nail is stuck on pin hole by wedge shape gradient, and the position of adjustable wedge shape gradient changes the tightness of support
This beneficial effect of the invention is: the present invention adopts fusion stacking rapid shaping technique, the support that PLA material prints, and effectively can solve the poor air permeability that general exterior fixing rack brings patient, heavy sense of discomfort.Support appearance data is based on the morphological parameters of patient's 3-D scanning; the protection provided limbs not second to general extenal fixation can be provided with fixing; the hollow out design of rational position, strengthens the cutaneous respiration effect of suffering limb, effectively alleviates the hot pruritis that season, suffering limb occurred.PLA material physical strength is better than gypsum, and the support entity quality printed is slim and graceful, is convenient to wear, can avoids affecting the necessary activity of daily life.Based on the exterior fixing rack of 3D printing technique, owing to being overall engraved structure, with a lot of aperture, therefore control outward means combined treatment for extenal fixation and other and fracture and provide comparatively feasible solution.And adopt the patient of this exterior fixing rack, also therefore can improve outcome further.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is sample preparation schematic flow sheet in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is exterior fixing rack threedimensional model schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that in the embodiment of the present invention, schematic flow sheet installed and used by sample.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, better to understand the present invention.
Embodiment
Based on the conclusion of feasibility analysis and risk assessment, project specialty span is large, and relate to field wide, professional ability requires that high factor causes this project implementation to there is fairly obvious technical risk.For this risk, and integration project self-characteristic, team determines to adopt the development model of spin model to research and develop.
Spin model (spiral model) is a kind of development model adopting periodic method to carry out project development.This method can cause there is several even more intermediate releases in Project Process.This model is rapid prototyping, centered by the development scheme of evolving, uses waterfall model method in each project stage.Each cycle of this model comprises requirement definition, risk analysis, Project Realization and 4 stages of evaluation, carries out iteration by these 4 stages.Once, project just pushes ahead a level to the every iteration of project development process.
Iteration for the first time: the tubbiness support 3D max image of manual drawing engraved structure, utilizes this image, produce entity after section by 3D printing technique.
Second time iteration: utilize software, identifies in x light plain film position of fracturing automatically, and by this position, position, in conjunction with 3-D scanning result, the distribution of design void region, and make corresponding 3D max image, carry out entity making.
Iteration for the third time: on the basis of second time iteration, inside adds that slowly can be absorbed by human body, containing traditional Chinese medicine ingredients bioprotein film, and utilize 3D printing technique to make the two-part Double-headed expension bolts of jockey.
4th iteration: on basis before, uses CT image to replace x-ray image, and carries out three-dimensional reconstruction to CT image, simultaneously automated analysis fracture characteristic information.In addition, camera automatic spraying system sprayed biological protein film is utilized.
Material selection: for the material selection making fracture cradle, mainly need consider the characteristic of the following aspects: mechanical strength, biocompatibility, manufactured goods density, impact property etc.
Mechanical strength in kind manufactured by 3D printing technique is often not high enough, therefore the material that mechanical property is comparatively superior must be selected to carry out entity making, and support is in fixing period, can carry out directly contacting for a long time with human body skin, therefore certain biocompatibility and the density of manufactured goods are also the factors that must consider.For fracture patient, provide certain shock resistance protection to be very crucial and necessary, therefore support must have enough shock resistances.
Based on above principle, take into full account the performance of multiple material, selected PLA is as the preferred material making this support.
Table 1 PLA material performance
Compatibility is proved: PLA has superior physical property, but by the support entity after fusion stacking quick forming fabri-cation, needs skin contact that is long-time and patient.Although chemical stability is very strong, whether have allergy after long-time and skin contact and other pathologies react unpredictable.Because project self experimental enviroment can not be satisfied the demand, program member devises a simple bracelet, and adopt PLA material to print entity, within 24 hours, uninterruptedly wear, whether inspection PLA material can produce adverse effect to skin by the entity products after melting layer and quick forming fabri-cation.
Intensity is proved: because the restriction of self experimental condition, for the intensity of PLA material and gypsum, has done simple contrast test.By equivalent specifications diameter 2cm length 4cm, be respectively the bar of PLA and gypsum, carry out destruction simply of the same type.As broken, falling, the mode such as to turn round, find that the performance of PLA bar in intensity that fusion stacking prints is all good than gypsum.
Fig. 1 is sample preparation schematic flow sheet in the embodiment of the present invention.Technological process: the technique of extenal fixation fracture cradle mainly divides 3 stages: 1. obtain stent model data and use spatial digitizer to obtain suffering limb shape data, change into support CAD (computer aided design, three-dimensional software) model; 2. on threedimensional model, support is designed; 3. support is manufactured with fusion sediment rapid forming equipment.
Feature identification:
(1) Threshold segmentation: thresholding method is a kind of image Segmentation Technology based on region.By setting different characteristic threshold value, image pixel point is divided into some classes.We adopt Minimum error threshold algorithm
(2) rim detection (Sobel operator): the object of this step is the integrity profile that will obtain whole bone, on long bone, if there is fracture, can have more an edge, if not fracture, so only have and longitudinally have edge, and laterally and oblique all can not be marginate.The sobel operator that this step uses.
Sobel Operator (Sobel operator) is mainly used as rim detection, and technically, it is a discreteness difference operator, is used for the approximation of gray scale of arithmograph image brightness function.Use this operator in any point of image, corresponding gray scale vector or its law vector will be produced.
(3) edge (sliding window algorithm) is identified: the object of final step uses sliding window algorithm to go to the edge identifying that this is oblique or horizontal.Arrange a width by the width of identification picture, be highly an adjustable value, allow these forms from the top of picture, progressively " cunning " is to the least significant end of picture.In the process of sliding, once record on each position, the number of white pixel point in forms, according to all numbers, obtain an average, then go to sweep one time, look on which position, on forms, the number of white pixel point is obviously more than mean value, and so this just represents on this position horizontal or oblique edge.
Three-dimensional modeling: the design process of 3 D-printing is: first by microcomputer modelling software modeling, then the threedimensional model " subregion " built up is become cross section successively, namely cut into slices, thus instruct printer successively to print.The Standard File Format cooperated between design software and printer is stl file form.A stl file uses triangular facet to come the surface of approximate simulation object.The less surface resolution that it generates of triangular facet is higher.PLY is a kind of scanner of the three dimensional file by scanning generation, and its VRML or WRL file generated is through being often used as the input file of full-color printing.These cross sections, by the cross sectional information in file reading, are printed with the material of liquid, powdery or sheet, then are glued together in every way by each layer cross section thus produce an entity by printer layer by layer.The feature of this technology is that it almost can produce the article of any shape.The thickness (i.e. Z-direction) in the cross section that printer is got and the resolution ratio in in-plane and X-Y direction calculate with dpi (pixel per inch) or micron.General thickness is 100 microns, namely 0.1 millimeter, also has part printer such as ObjetConnex series to also have D S ystems'ProJet series can print 16 microns of thin one decks.In-plane then can print with the close resolution ratio of laser printer." ink droplet " that print typically have a diameter from 50 to 100 microns.Producing a model by conventional method needs a few hours to a couple of days usually, determines according to the size of model and complexity.Can be then several hours by time shorten by the technology of 3 D-printing, it is determined by the performance of printer and the size of model and complexity certainly.By to after fracture site identification, computer can obtain definite fracture site information, carries out hollow out design.Design principle is sparse near the hollow out point of fracture site, and the hollow out point near acra is intensive.
Fusion stacking: what be mainly used in medical field has four kinds to print technique: fusion sediment Modeling Technology (fused deposition modeling, FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (selecting laser sintering, SLS), multiinjector forming technique, stereosopic printing technology.Selective Laser Sintering refers to carries out selective cutting with laser beam on sheet thermoplastic, thus every tomographic image is made sheet thermoplastic, then by stacked for these thin slices sintering, makes model.The model that this technology produces has the high advantage of geometric accuracy, but to make it practicality lower high cost and coarse surface.Its principle allows need shaping liquid photosensitive resin optionally polymerization reaction take place under laser action, stackedly after sclerosis makes model.Apply model that this technology makes to have and can sterilize that geometric accuracy is high, surface quality is high, detail grade advantages of higher, its detail grade and surface quality are all better than fusion sediment Modeling Technology, but also have the defect of length consuming time.The printing technique of multiinjector forming technique also namely alleged by narrow sense, its printing type is similar to common ink-jet printer, successively sprays by dusty material, final formation model finished product.This Method of printing shortcoming is more, but consuming time less and material cost is lower.Fusion sediment Modeling Technology prints principle based on 3D, uses successively increasing material mode straight forming to have the part of geometry in particular according to the C three-dimensional data that spatial digitizer fetched data transforms.Fusion sediment quick shaping process is that one does not rely on laser as the shaping energy, and by the forming method of various silk material heat fused, the successively solidification that this technique is expected by melting silk forms three-dimensional objects.This technological break-through tradition subtracts the theory of material forming processing method, adopts the method increasing material to make component, there is not the waste problem of material.Melted material layering plastotype solidifies, and its model geometric precision made and surface, quality are higher but consuming time longer.Can be used as the printing technique occurred the earliest comparatively conventional at medical domain.
Point glue spraying: the exterior fixing rack for fractures needs long-time and skin contact, under long contact, if the biocompatibility of material is not high enough, easily can cause the inflammatory reaction of patient skin, occur the phenomenons such as red and swollen or papule.Due to the restriction of technical conditions, current team does not carry out the biocompatibility test of authority to adopted material, on network, do not find related data simultaneously yet.For solving the biocompatibility issues that may occur, proposing to utilize camera point glue spraying technology, rack inner wall sprays the scheme of the high biomaterial of one deck known organism compatibility.It is below the biocompatibility data of institute's sprayed on material: apyrogeneity reaction (performing with reference to GB/T 16175-2008:10), non-toxic reaction (performing with reference to GB/T 16886.11-1997:6.5), cytotoxicity≤I grade (performing with reference to GB/T 16886.5-2003:8.3), hemolysis rate <3% (performing with reference to GB/T 16886.4-2003:C.6), skin sensitization rate is 0 (performing with reference to GB/T 16886.10-2005:B.2), salmonella typhimurium back mutation (Ames) negative (with reference to GB/T 16886.3-2008:5), marrow polychromatic erythrocyte micronucleus test is negative, mouse sperm deformity detection experiment is negative, when biologically tends towards stability, without obvious inflammatory reaction (performing with reference to GB/T 16886.6-1997:5).
The brief introduction of camera automatic spraying system:
Be used for the calibration of fracture external fixing rack hollow-out parts bit image and vision location by embedded vision location.First the position coordinates of measurement point on the display image of operation interface is obtained, call corresponding measurement function, calculate its geometric parameter at the display image of operation interface, recycle the result of pixel alignment afterwards, namely geometric parameter can be obtained physics corresponding to what parameter of the moon and physical distance divided by pixel resolution.
Mechanically calibrated module is to as follows by the mechanical alignment process of positioning image: be fixed on by camera in the z-axis of desktop point glue platform, and is connected with desktop point glue platform by main frame with Serial Port Line; Start desktop point glue platform, main frame and vision alignment module will be activated; Select " mechanically calibrated " function; Plasticine is placed in table plane, by the arrow button control point glue platform movement on main frame screen, makes dispensing needle head just to plasticine; Move z-axis at a slow speed by the z-axis directionkeys on main frame screen, stop mobile after making syringe needle extrude an impression on plasticine; Moved in camera view by the impression of the directionkeys on main frame screen by plasticine, and make its blur-free imaging; Tracking cross on moving screen, makes the center superposition of its position and impression; Select " determination " button of operation interface, complete mechanically calibrated function.User's mobile industrial camera, the elementary area of the first elements of a fix point A is made to appear in the picture of video camera, camera views is now amplified elementary area, therefore user is easy to the center A (A point is also the first elements of a fix point) seeing elementary area, once determining A is the first elements of a fix point, then controller can by the elementary area information transmission residing for the coordinate information value PAl of A point and A point to vision locating module 302, vision locating module 302 passes through location technology, obtain the coordinate (X in the first elements of a fix point A picture, Y), the controller of main frame is by the coordinate (X of A point, Y) turn and coordinate value PAl change after, obtain the coordinate PA of Glue dripping head at the first elements of a fix point A point.After user obtains the coordinate points by positioning image, the more manual numerical value inputted by total line number of positioning image and total columns, the controller of main frame automatically can calculate and generate by the image information of positioning image.
Install fixing: the exterior fixing rack entity that fusion stacking technology manufactures, be divided into two symmetrical parts, be fastened on the limbs of patient by double-end expansion nail.There is the hole that can embed expandable nail the junction of support, and double-end expansion nail inserts nail, connection bracket respectively.Double-end expansion nail is stuck on pin hole by wedge shape gradient, and the position of adjustable wedge shape gradient changes the tightness of support.Fig. 2 is exterior fixing rack threedimensional model schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
This product use procedure, as shown in Figure 3, is specially:
(1) fracture patient is admitted to hospital, and doctor carries out tentative diagnosis according to the injured degree of suffering limb and judges whether to need diagnostic imaging to make a definite diagnosis further, and person directly opens corresponding medicine not need diagnostic imaging;
(2) No operation indication person is included in by making a definite diagnosis fracture after medical imaging diagnosis; Person carries out operative treatment to include surgical indication in;
(3) include No operation indication person in and postoperative rehabilitation indication person scans suffering limb with spatial digitizer, reverse Cheng Mo obtains data;
(4) by the data construct stent model after 3-D scanning;
(5) exterior fixing rack based on 3D printing technique being used for suffering limb is made;
(6) with double-end expansion nail by the support installing made in suffering limb, and regulate and control distance with it according to the detumescence degree of suffering limb;
(7) patient is discharged from hospital after recovery.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. based on an exterior fixing rack for 3D printing technique, it is characterized in that: it is designed specifically to four iteration, is specially:
Iteration for the first time: the tubbiness support 3D max image of manual drawing engraved structure, utilizes this image, produce entity after section by 3D printing technique;
Second time iteration: utilize software, identifies in x light plain film position of fracturing automatically, and by this position, position, in conjunction with 3-D scanning result, the distribution of design void region, and make corresponding 3D max image, carry out entity making;
Iteration for the third time: on the basis of second time iteration, inside adds that slowly can be absorbed by human body, containing traditional Chinese medicine ingredients bioprotein film, and utilize 3D printing technique to make the two-part Double-headed expension bolts of jockey;
4th iteration: on basis before, uses CT image to replace x-ray image, and carries out three-dimensional reconstruction to CT image, simultaneously automated analysis fracture characteristic information; In addition, camera automatic spraying system sprayed biological protein film is utilized.
2. the exterior fixing rack based on 3D printing technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the material selection PLA of described exterior fixing rack is as the preferred material making this support, and carry out compatibility demonstration and intensity demonstration for this material, wherein, compatibility Demonstration Method is, design a simple bracelet, and adopt PLA material to print entity, within 24 hours, uninterruptedly wear, whether inspection PLA material can produce adverse effect to skin by the entity products after melting layer and quick forming fabri-cation; Intensity Demonstration Method is, by equivalent specifications diameter 2cm length 4cm, being respectively the bar of PLA and gypsum, carrying out destruction simply of the same type, as broken, falling, and the mode such as to turn round, and finds that the performance of PLA bar in intensity that fusion stacking prints is all good than gypsum.
3. the exterior fixing rack based on 3D printing technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the technological process of the described exterior fixing rack based on 3D printing technique: point 3 stages: 1. obtain stent model data and use spatial digitizer to obtain suffering limb shape data, change into support CAD (computer aided design, three-dimensional software) model; 2. on threedimensional model, support is designed; 3. support is manufactured with fusion sediment rapid forming equipment; Wherein, the design process of 3 D-printing is: first by microcomputer modelling software modeling, then the threedimensional model " subregion " built up is become cross section successively, namely cuts into slices, thus instructs printer successively to print; The Standard File Format cooperated between design software and printer is stl file form; A stl file uses triangular facet to come the surface of approximate simulation object; The less surface resolution that it generates of triangular facet is higher; PLY is a kind of scanner of the three dimensional file by scanning generation, and its VRML or WRL file generated is through being often used as the input file of full-color printing; These cross sections, by the cross sectional information in file reading, are printed with the material of liquid, powdery or sheet, then are glued together in every way by each layer cross section thus produce an entity by printer layer by layer; In fusion stacking, Selective Laser Sintering refers to carries out selective cutting with laser beam on sheet thermoplastic, thus every tomographic image is made sheet thermoplastic, then by stacked for these thin slices sintering, makes model; The spraying of some glue, utilizes camera point glue spraying technology, rack inner wall sprays the scheme of the high biomaterial of one deck known organism compatibility; Camera automatic spraying system, first the position coordinates of measurement point on the display image of operation interface is obtained, call corresponding measurement function, calculate its geometric parameter at the display image of operation interface, recycle the result of pixel alignment afterwards, namely geometric parameter can be obtained physics corresponding to what parameter of the moon and physical distance divided by pixel resolution; Mechanically calibrated module is to as follows by the mechanical alignment process of positioning image: be fixed on by camera in the z-axis of desktop point glue platform, and is connected with desktop point glue platform by main frame with Serial Port Line; Start desktop point glue platform, main frame and vision alignment module will be activated; Select " mechanically calibrated " function; Plasticine is placed in table plane, by the arrow button control point glue platform movement on main frame screen, makes dispensing needle head just to plasticine; Move z-axis at a slow speed by the z-axis directionkeys on main frame screen, stop mobile after making syringe needle extrude an impression on plasticine; Moved in camera view by the impression of the directionkeys on main frame screen by plasticine, and make its blur-free imaging; Tracking cross on moving screen, makes the center superposition of its position and impression; Select " determination " button of operation interface, complete mechanically calibrated function; Install fixing: the exterior fixing rack entity that fusion stacking technology manufactures, be divided into two symmetrical parts, be fastened on the limbs of patient by double-end expansion nail; There is the hole that can embed expandable nail the junction of support, and double-end expansion nail inserts nail, connection bracket respectively; Double-end expansion nail is stuck on pin hole by wedge shape gradient, and the position that can adjust wedge shape gradient changes the tightness of support.
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| CN105434092A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-03-30 | 上海昕健医疗技术有限公司 | External fixation support based on three-dimensional printing and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN105434092A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-03-30 | 上海昕健医疗技术有限公司 | External fixation support based on three-dimensional printing and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN110522501B (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2021-04-09 | 常州市第二人民医院 | 3D printing personalized orthopedic implant construction and biomechanical optimization processing method |
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