CN104941507B - 适用于个人护理组合物的温和型阴离子表面活性剂 - Google Patents
适用于个人护理组合物的温和型阴离子表面活性剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104941507B CN104941507B CN201510262819.XA CN201510262819A CN104941507B CN 104941507 B CN104941507 B CN 104941507B CN 201510262819 A CN201510262819 A CN 201510262819A CN 104941507 B CN104941507 B CN 104941507B
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- C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C305/00—Esters of sulfuric acids
- C07C305/02—Esters of sulfuric acids having oxygen atoms of sulfate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton
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- C07C305/10—Esters of sulfuric acids having oxygen atoms of sulfate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated being further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
- C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
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- C07C309/17—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing carboxyl groups bound to the carbon skeleton
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Abstract
本申请涉及适用于个人护理组合物的温和型阴离子表面活性剂。本发明提供一种表面活性剂，其由式R1COOC(C)nCR2OR3表示，其中：R1是CH3(CH2)m并且可以杂有至少一个选自由胺、醚、酯、酰胺、硫、一氧化硫、二氧化硫、氨基磺酸酯、羟基或其混合物组成的群组的杂原子；并且m＝6‑16；n＝0或1；R2＝H或CH3；并且R3＝H、SO3X、CO(CH)2COOH或COCH(SO3X)CH2COOXl；其中X与X1相同或不同，并且各自选自NH4 +、碱金属或H原子。
Description
本申请是申请日为2012年4月11日，申请号为201280018048.4、发明名称为“适用于个人护理组合物的温和型阴离子表面活性剂”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请案的交叉引用
本申请案主张2011年4月13日申请的美国临时申请案第61/475,141号的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及新的温和型阴离子表面活性剂。具体来说，本发明涉及一种新颖的硫酸酯表面活性剂和磺基丁二酸酯表面活性剂，其可以衍生自天然原料。
背景技术
表面活性剂是广泛用于工业和个人用途的众所周知的材料。举例来说，表面活性剂通常被用作用于钻孔应用的流变改性剂。并且在其它情况下，表面活性剂被用于洗涤剂组合物(如硬表面清洁剂、衣用洗涤剂)和个人护理组合物中。
温和型表面活性剂化合物在洗涤剂、个人产品、化妆品、口腔卫生和医药领域中的需求一向在稳定增长。酯化和酯基转移技术的最新进展已经出人意料地实现了可以来源于各种原料的新颖表面活性剂的发展。
一般来说，大多数组合物含有衍生自石油化学产品的表面活性剂。因为石油化学产品有时可能具有与其相关的处理、储存和环境风险，所以最理想的是使用实际上衍生自农业生长材料(如植物油脂肪酸)的表面活性剂。这些天然产生的化合物具有可容易获得、便宜、生物可降解和水中有利的独特优点。
天然衍生的阴离子表面活性剂的缺点之一是在清洁性能方面相较于较传统的石油化学表面活性剂明显下降。在一般由石油化学来源形成的表面活性剂中，月桂基硫酸钠(SLS)被认为是去除油和残留物的高效表面活性剂。洗发精组合物例如通常组合月桂基硫酸钠和/或月桂醇醚硫酸钠与另一助表面活性剂。SLS一般与其它表面活性剂组合，并且以相对低的浓度使用，这是因为其已知刺激敏感皮肤。婴儿洗发精可以完全排除SLS，这是因为其会对小孩造成皮肤和眼睛刺激。因此，需要一种可以补充个人护理组合物中的SLS的温和型表面活性剂。
基于前文，需要温和型阴离子表面活性剂，其可以衍生自石油化学来源，但也可以衍生自天然和可持续原料，并且具有极佳的清洁、发泡、粘度构成和皮肤相容性。
发明内容
一种表面活性剂，其由下式表示：
其中：
R1是CH3(CH2)m并且可以杂有至少一个选自由胺、醚、酯、酰胺、硫、一氧化硫、二氧化硫、氨基磺酸酯、羟基或其混合物组成的群组的杂原子；并且
m＝6-16
n＝0或1
R2＝H或CH3；并且
R3＝H、SO3X、CO(CH)2COOH或COCH(SO3X)CH2COOX1；
其中X与X1相同或不同，并且各自选自NH4 +、碱金属、H原子。
本发明进一步涉及制造本文中的表面活性剂的方法，以及包含所述表面活性剂的组合物和其用途。
附图说明
具体实施方式
虽然本说明书以特别指出和显然主张本发明的权利要求书结束，但是认为，本发明将由以下描述得到更好理解。
除非另外说明，否则所有百分比、份数和比率都是基于本发明组合物的总重量。除非另外说明，否则所有这些重量当其涉及所列成分时都是基于活性量，并且因此，不包括可以包括在市售材料中的溶剂或副产物。在本文中，术语“重量百分比”可以表示为“wt.％”。
除非另外说明，否则如本文中所用的所有分子量都是以克/摩尔形式表示的重量平均分子量。
在本文中，“包含”意指可以添加不影响最终结果的其它步骤和其它成分。这个术语涵盖术语“由……组成”和“基本上由……组成”。本发明的组合物和方法/工艺可以包含以下各项、由以下各项组成和基本上由以下各项组成：本文中所述的本发明的基本要素和限制，以及本文中所述的附加的或任选的成分、组分、步骤或限制中的任何一个。
如本文中所用的术语“电荷密度”是指聚合物所含单体单元上的正电荷数目与所述单体单元的分子量的比率。电荷密度乘以聚合物分子量确定了指定聚合物链上带正电荷的位置的数目。
除非另外说明，否则如本文中所用的术语“个人护理组合物”是指本发明的组合物，其中所述组合物预期仅包括用于头发或皮肤的局部应用的那些组合物，并且具体来说排除主要针对如硬表面清洁、织物或洗衣清洁的其它应用和并非预期主要用于头发或皮肤的局部应用的类似其它应用的那些组合物。
如本文中所用的术语“聚合物”应包括由一种类型的单体聚合制造或者由两种(即共聚物)或更多种类型的单体制造的材料。
如本文中所用的术语“固体粒子”意指不是液体或气体的粒子。
如本文中所用的术语“水溶性”意指聚合物可溶于本发明组合物的水中。一般来说，按水溶剂的重量计，聚合物在25℃下应以至少0.1％、优选地至少1％、更优选地至少5％、最优选地至少15％的浓度可溶。
如本文中所用的术语“水不溶性”意指化合物不溶于本发明组合物的水中。因此，化合物与水不可混溶。
表面活性剂
本文中的表面活性剂符合通式I：
其中：
R1是CH3(CH2)m并且可以杂有至少一个选自由胺、醚、酯、酰胺、硫、一氧化硫、二氧化硫、氨基磺酸酯、羟基或其混合物组成的群组的杂原子；并且
m＝6-16
n＝0或1
R2＝H或CH3；并且
R3＝H、SO3X、CO(CH)2COOH或COCH(SO3X)CH2COOX1；并且
其中X与X1相同或不同，并且各自选自NH4 +、碱金属、H原子。优选地，碱金属选自钠(Na+)或钾(K+)。
在一个实施例中，R1可以是分支链烷基或烯基。如果R1是烯基，那么其优选地包含不超过一个双键。虽然“m”可以是C6到C16，但是其更优选地是C8到C14，并且最优选地是C10到C12。
在一个实施例中，表面活性剂具有根据式II的结构：
其中R1是C8-C18烷基；并且
X选自NH4 +、碱金属或H原子。
在优选实施例中，表面活性剂是具有下式的月桂基丙二醇酯硫酸钠：
在另一实施例中，表面活性剂具有根据式III的结构：
其中R1是C8-C18烷基；并且
X与X1相同或不同，并且各自选自NH4 +、碱金属或H原子。
在优选实施例中，表面活性剂是根据下式的丙二醇月桂基磺基丁二酸二钠：
适用于形成本文中的表面活性剂的前驱体的酯化技术描述在美国专利公开案第2008/0051592号和第2008/0319236号中。其它表面活性剂合成和硫酸盐化技术描述在美国专利第5,834517号、第3,544,613号和第4,973,686号中。
虽然本文中的表面活性剂可以衍生自传统的石油化学来源，但是在一个实施例中，表面活性剂优选地衍生自天然来源并且被认为是“绿色”和环境友好的。为了本发明的目的，术语“天然衍生的”意指本文中的表面活性剂不是由石油化学原料形成的。石油当然是天然产生的材料。但是本文中使用术语“天然的”来排除已经由合成的或石油化学的化学品形成的材料。虽然本文中的表面活性剂可以与其它基于合成的或石油化学的成分和助表面活性剂组合，但是在一个实施例中，表面活性剂本身可以被认为是天然衍生的。
本文中的表面活性剂适用于各种家庭和个人护理组合物。举例来说，表面活性剂可以存在于衣用洗涤剂、洗碟洗涤剂、硬表面清洁剂、沐浴乳、洗发精、洗面奶和用于家庭或身体的其它组合物中。因为所述组合物据信对皮肤特别温和，所以沐浴乳和洗发精特别适合于这类表面活性剂。当在个人护理组合物中调配时，表面活性剂可以约0.5％到约25％、优选地约0.8％到约20％并且最优选地约1％到约15％的量存在。
在一个实施例中，表面活性剂可以存在于单相或目视明显的多相个人护理组合物中。目视明显的相中的至少一个可以包含清洁相，其包括表面活性剂组分。表面活性剂组分可以包含一种或一种以上表面活性剂，并且多相可以彼此物理接触。这类多相组合物描述在美国专利申请案第2005/0192187号中。
化妆品可接受介质
包括表面活性剂作为个人护理组合物的组分的实施例包含化妆品可接受介质。根据与其它组分的相容性和产品的其它所需特征选择介质的量和种类。一般来说，按组合物的重量计，化妆品可接受介质以约20％到约95％的量存在。可以选择化妆品可接受介质以便本发明的组合物可以呈例如易流动液体、凝胶、膏、干粉或干膜形式。
适用于本发明的化妆品可接受介质包括水和低碳数烷基醇的水溶液。适用于本文中的低碳数烷基醇是具有1到6个碳的一元醇，并且优选地选自乙醇和异丙醇。
在化妆品应用中，本发明组合物的pH值(纯净测量)优选地是约3到约9，更优选地约4到约8。
在自动洗碟组合物中，pH值可以是约7到约13，更优选地是约8到约12，并且最优选地约9到约10。
可以包括缓冲剂和其它pH调节剂以获得所需pH值。
油性调节剂
在本发明的优选实施例中，个人护理组合物包含一种或一种以上油性调节剂。油性调节剂包括用于给头发和/或皮肤特定的调节效益的材料。在头发处理组合物中，合适的调节剂是传递一种或一种以上与光泽、柔软度、可梳理性、抗静电性质、湿润处理、损伤、可操作性、身体和油脂性相关的效益的调节剂。适用于本发明组合物的油性调节剂通常包含水不溶性、水可分散性、非挥发性液体，其形成乳化的液体粒子。适用于所述组合物的油性调节剂是一般特性化为硅酮(例如硅酮油、阳离子硅酮、硅酮胶、高折射硅酮和硅酮树脂)、有机调节油(例如烃油、聚烯烃和脂肪酯)或其组合的那些调节剂，或在本文中的水性表面活性剂基质中以其它方式形成液体分散粒子的那些调节剂。
按组合物的重量计，一种或一种以上油性调节剂通常以约0.01％到约10％、优选地约0.1％到约8％、更优选地约0.2％到约4％的浓度存在。
硅酮调节剂
在本文中本发明可以包括一种或一种以上油性调节剂。这类油性调节剂可以包括水溶性硅酮调节剂。硅酮调节剂可以包含挥发性硅酮、非挥发性硅酮或其组合。优选的是非挥发性硅酮调节剂。如果存在挥发性硅酮，那么其通常将附带地用作市售形式的非挥发性硅酮材料成分(如硅酮胶和树脂)的溶剂或载体。硅酮调节剂粒子可以包含硅酮流体调节剂并且还可以包含其它成分(如硅酮树脂)以改善硅酮流体沉积效率或增加头发的光泽度。
合适的硅酮调节剂和硅酮的任选悬浮剂的非限制性实例描述在美国再公告专利第34,584号、美国专利第5,104,646号和美国专利第5,106,609号中。如在25℃下所测量，用于本发明组合物的硅酮调节剂优选地具有约20到约2,000,000厘沲(“csk”)、更优选地约1,000到约1,800,000csk、甚至更优选地约5,000到约1,500,000csk、更优选地约10,000到约1,000,000csk的粘度。
在包括大体上不透明组合物的实施例中，个人护理组合物包含如在个人护理组合物中所测量的粒度是约1μm到约50μm的非挥发性硅酮油。在可以是透明的、半透明的或不透明的实施例中，个人护理组合物包含如在个人护理组合物中所测量的粒度是约100nm到约1μm的非挥发性硅酮油。一个实施例包含如在个人护理组合物中所测量的粒度小于约100nm的非挥发性硅酮油。
适用于所述组合物的非挥发性硅酮油可以选自有机改性的硅酮和氟改性的硅酮。在本发明的一个实施例中，非挥发性硅酮油是包含选自由以下各项组成的群组的有机基团的有机改性硅酮：烷基、烯基、羟基、胺基、季基、羧基、脂肪酸基、醚基、酯基、巯基、硫酸酯基、磺酸酯基、磷酸酯基、环氧丙烷基和环氧乙烷基。
在本发明的优选实施例中，非挥发性硅酮油是二甲基硅酮。
关于硅酮的背景材料(包括讨论硅酮流体、胶和树脂的部分)以及硅酮的制造见于《聚合物科学与工程百科全书》，第15卷，第2版.，第204-308页，约翰·威立父子公司(1989)(Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering，vol.15，2d ed.，pp 204-308，John Wiley&Sons，Inc.(1989))。
适用于本发明组合物的硅酮流体揭示在美国专利第2,826,551号、美国专利第3,964,500号、美国专利第4,364,837号、英国专利第849,433号和《硅化合物》，彼特拉克系统公司，(1984)(Silicon Compounds，Petrarch Systems，Inc.(1984))中。
有机调节油
油性调节剂还可以包含至少一种单独或与其它调节剂(如上述硅酮)组合的有机调节油。
烃油
适用作本发明组合物中的调节剂的有机调节油包括(但不限于)具有至少约10个碳原子的烃油，如环烃、直链脂肪族烃(饱和或不饱和)和分支链脂肪族烃(饱和或不饱和)，包括聚合物和其混合物。直链烃油优选地是约C12到约C19。分支链烃油(包括烃聚合物)通常将含有19个以上碳原子。
这些烃油的具体非限制性实例包括石蜡油、矿物油、饱和与不饱和十二烷、饱和与不饱和十三烷、饱和与不饱和十四烷、饱和与不饱和十五烷、饱和与不饱和十六烷、聚丁烯、聚癸烯和其混合物。还可以使用这些化合物以及更长链烃的分支链异构体，其实例包括可购自佩尔米赛公司(Permethyl Corporation)的2，2，4，4，6，6，8，8-二甲基-10-甲基十一烷和2，2，4，4，6，6-二甲基-8-甲基壬烷。优选的烃聚合物是聚丁烯，如异丁烯与丁烯的共聚物，其可以L-14聚丁烯形式购自阿莫科化学公司(Amoco Chemical Corporation)。
聚烯烃
有机调节油还可以包括液体聚烯烃，更优选地液体聚-α-烯烃，更优选地氢化液体聚-α-烯烃。用于本文中的聚烯烃通过使C4到约C14烯烃单体、优选地约C6到约C12聚合而制备。
用于制备本文中的聚烯烃液体的烯烃单体的非限制性实例包括乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、1-十二烯、1-十四烯、分支链异构体(如4-甲基-1-戊烯)和其混合物。也适用于制备聚烯烃液体的是含有烯烃的精炼厂原料或流出物。
脂肪酯
其它合适的有机调节油包括具有至少10个碳原子的脂肪酯。这些脂肪酯包括具有衍生自脂肪酸或醇的烃基链的酯。此处脂肪酯的烃基可以包括其它可相容官能团或具有共价键结到其上的其它可相容官能团，所述官能团如酰胺和烷氧基部分(例如乙氧基或醚键等)。
优选的脂肪酯的特定实例包括(但不限于)异硬脂酸异丙酯、月桂酸己酯、月桂酸异己酯、棕榈酸异己酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、油酸癸酯、油酸异癸酯、硬脂酸十六烷酯、硬脂酸癸酯、异硬脂酸异丙酯、己二酸二己基癸酯、乳酸月桂酯、乳酸肉豆蔻酯、乳酸鲸蜡酯、硬脂酸油醇酯、油酸油醇酯、肉豆蔻酸油醇酯、乙酸月桂酯、丙酸鲸蜡酯和己二酸油醇酯。
适用于本发明组合物的其它脂肪酯是被称为多元醇酯的脂肪酯。这类多元醇酯包括烷二醇酯。
适用于本发明组合物的其它脂肪酯是甘油酯，包括(但不限于)单酸甘油酯、二酸甘油酯和三酸甘油酯，优选地二酸甘油酯和三酸甘油酯，更优选地三酸甘油酯。各种这些类型的材料可以从植物和动物脂肪和油获得，如蓖麻油、红花油、棉籽油、玉米油、橄榄油、鳕鱼肝油、杏仁油、鳄梨油、棕榈油、芝麻油、羊毛脂和大豆油。合成油包括(但不限于)三油精和三硬脂精二月桂酸甘油酯。
氟化调节化合物
适用于以有机调节油形式向头发或皮肤传递调节的氟化化合物包括全氟聚醚；全氟烯烃；可以呈类似于先前所述的硅酮流体的流体或弹性体形式的基于氟的专用聚合物；和全氟二甲基硅酮。合适的氟化化合物的特定非限制性实例包括奥斯蒙(Ausimont)的氟必琳(Fomblin)产品线，其包括HC/04、HC/25、HC01、HC/02、HC/03；由拜耳硅技术(BiosilTechnologies)供应的柠檬酸二辛基十二烷基氟庚酯，通常被称为Biosil Basics FluoroGerbet 3.5；和也由拜耳硅技术供应的Biosil Basics Fluorosil LF。
脂肪醇
其它适用于本发明个人护理组合物的有机调节油包括(但不限于)具有至少约10个碳原子、更优选地约10个到约22个碳原子、最优选地约12个到约16个碳原子的脂肪醇。也适用于本发明个人护理组合物的是符合以下通式的烷氧基化脂肪醇：
CH3(CH2)nCH2(OCH2CH2)pOH
其中n是值是约8到约20、优选地约10到约14的正整数，并且p是值是约1到约30、优选地约2到约23的正整数。
烷基葡糖苷和烷基葡糖苷衍生物
合适的有机调节油包括(但不限于)烷基葡糖苷和烷基葡糖苷衍生物。合适的烷基葡糖苷和烷基葡糖苷衍生物的特定非限制性实例包括可购自爱美高(Amerchol)的GlucamE-10、Glucam E-20、Glucam P-10和Glucquat 125。
其它调节剂
季铵化合物
合适的季铵化合物包括(但不限于)具有具备羰基部分(如酰胺部分)或磷酸酯部分或类似亲水性部分的长链取代基的亲水性季铵化合物。
适用的亲水性季铵化合物的实例包括(但不限于)CTFA化妆品辞典中所指定的化合物，如蓖麻醇酸酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵、乙基硫酸蓖麻醇酸酰胺基三甲基铵、甲基硫酸羟基硬脂酰胺丙基三甲基铵和羟基硬脂酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵或其组合。
其它适用的季铵表面活性剂的实例包括(但不限于)如CTFA辞典中所指定的季铵盐-33、季铵盐-43、乙基硫酸异硬脂酰胺丙基乙基二甲基铵、季铵盐-22和季铵盐-26或其组合。
可用于本发明组合物的其它亲水性季铵化合物包括(但不限于)季铵盐-16、季铵盐-27、季铵盐-30、季铵盐-52、季铵盐-53、季铵盐-56、季铵盐-60、季铵盐-61、季铵盐-62、季铵盐-63、季铵盐-71和其组合。
聚乙二醇
本文中可用作调节剂的其它化合物包括分子量高达约2,000,000的聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇，如具有CTFA名称PEG-200、PEG-400、PEG-600、PEG-1000、PEG-2M、PEG-7M、PEG-14M、PEG-45M的聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇和其混合物。
其它组分
个人护理组合物可以进一步包含一种或一种以上已知用于头发护理或个人护理产品的其它组分，只要所述其它组分与本文中所述的基本组分在物理和化学上相容或不以其它方式不恰当地削弱产品稳定性、美观性或性能即可。这类其它组分的个别浓度按个人护理组合物的重量计可以介于约0.001％到约10％的范围内。
用于所述组合物的其它组分的非限制性实例包括天然阳离子沉积聚合物、合成的阳离子沉积聚合物、去屑剂、粒子、悬浮剂、石蜡烃、推进剂、粘度调节剂、染料、非挥发性溶剂或稀释剂(水溶性和水不溶性)、珠光助剂、泡沫促进剂、其它表面活性剂或非离子助表面活性剂、杀虱剂、pH调节剂、香料、防腐剂、螯合剂、蛋白质、皮肤活性剂、防晒剂、UV吸收剂和维生素。
纤维素或瓜尔豆阳离子沉积聚合物
本发明的个人护理组合物还可以包括纤维素或瓜尔豆阳离子沉积聚合物。一般来说，这类纤维素或瓜尔豆阳离子沉积聚合物按组合物的重量计可以约0.05％到约5％的浓度存在。合适的纤维素或瓜尔豆阳离子沉积聚合物具有大于约5,000的分子量。另外，在预期使用个人护理组合物的pH下，这类纤维素或瓜尔豆沉积聚合物具有约0.5meq/g到约4.0meq/g的电荷密度。测量纯净的本发明组合物的pH。
合适的纤维素或瓜尔豆阳离子聚合物包括符合下式的聚合物：
其中A是脱水葡萄糖残基，如纤维素脱水葡萄糖残基；R是亚烷基氧基亚烷基、聚氧基亚烷基或羟基亚烷基或其组合；R1、R2和R3独立地是烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基、烷氧基烷基或烷氧基芳基，每个基团含有最多约18个碳原子，并且每个阳离子部分的碳原子总数(即R1、R2和R3中的碳原子总和)优选地是约20或20以下；并且X是阴离子相对离子。这类相对离子的非限制性实例包括卤离子(例如氯、氟、溴、碘)、硫酸根和甲基硫酸根。这些多糖聚合物中阳离子的取代度通常是约0.01到约1个阳离子基团/脱水葡萄糖单元。
在本发明的一个实施例中，纤维素或瓜尔豆阳离子聚合物是羟乙基纤维素与被三甲基铵取代的环氧化物反应的盐，在所述行业(CTFA)中被称为聚季铵盐10并且可购自爱美高公司(美国新泽西州爱迪生)(Amerchol Corp.(Edison，N.J.，USA))。
合成的阳离子沉积聚合物
本发明的个人护理组合物还可以包括合成的阳离子沉积聚合物。一般来说，这类合成的阳离子沉积聚合物按组合物的重量计可以约0.025％到约5％的浓度存在。这类合成的阳离子沉积聚合物具有约1,000到约5,000,000的分子量。另外，这类合成的阳离子沉积聚合物具有约0.5meq/g到约10meq/g的电荷密度。
合适的合成的阳离子沉积聚合物包括是水溶性或可分散的阳离子非交联调节共聚物的聚合物，其包含：(i)一个或一个以上阳离子单体单元；和(ii)一个或一个以上非离子单体单元或携有末端负电荷的单体单元；其中所述共聚物具有净正电荷、约0.5meq/g到约10meg/g的阳离子电荷密度和约1,000到约5,000,000的平均分子量。
合适的合成的阳离子沉积聚合物的非限制性实例描述在吉尔里(Geary)等人的美国专利申请公开案US 2003/0223951 A1中。
去屑活性剂
所述组合物还可以含有去屑活性剂。去屑活性剂的合适的非限制性实例包括吡啶硫酮盐、唑、硫化硒、微粒硫、角质层分离剂和其混合物。这类去屑活性剂应该与组合物的基本组分在物理和化学上相容，并且不应该以其它方式不恰当地削弱产品稳定性、美观性或性能。
吡啶硫酮抗菌和去屑剂描述在例如美国专利第2,809,971号；美国专利第3,236,733号；美国专利第3,753,196号；美国专利第3,761,418号；美国专利第4,345,080号；美国专利第4,323,683号；美国专利第4,379,753号；和美国专利第4,470,982号中。
唑类抗菌剂包括咪唑，如甘宝素(climbazole)和酮康唑(ketoconazole)。
硫化硒化合物描述在例如美国专利第2,694,668号；美国专利第3,152,046号；美国专利第4,089,945号；和美国专利第4,885,107号中。
还可以使用硫作为本发明抗菌组合物中的微粒抗菌/去屑剂。
本发明可以进一步包含一种或一种以上角质层分离剂，如水杨酸。
本发明的其它抗菌活性剂可以包括白千层属灌木(茶树)的提取物和木炭。
当存在于组合物中时，按组合物的重量计，去屑活性剂以约0.01％到约5％、优选地约0.1％到约3％并且更优选地约0.3％到约2％的量包括在内。
粒子
本发明组合物可以任选地包含粒子。适用于本发明的粒子可以是无机、合成或半合成的。在本发明组合物中，按组合物的重量计，优选并入不超过约20％、更优选地不超过约10％并且甚至更优选地不超过2％的粒子。在本发明的实施例中，粒子具有小于约300μm的平均粒度。
无机粒子的非限制性实例包括胶态二氧化硅、烟雾状二氧化硅、沉淀二氧化硅、二氧化硅凝胶、硅酸镁、玻璃粒子、滑石、云母、绢云母和各种天然和合成粘土(包括膨润土、锂蒙脱石和蒙脱石)。
合成粒子的实例包括硅酮树脂、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯、聚酯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚酰胺(例如)、环氧树脂、尿素树脂、丙烯酸粉末等。
混合粒子的非限制性实例包括绢云母与交联的聚苯乙烯混合粉末，和云母与二氧化硅混合粉末。
乳浊剂
本发明组合物还可以含有一种或一种以上乳浊剂。乳浊剂通常用于清洁组合物中以赋予组合物所需美观效益，如颜色或珠光。在本发明组合物中，按组合物的重量计，优选并入不超过约20％、更优选地不超过约10％并且甚至更优选地不超过2％的乳浊剂。
合适的乳浊剂包括例如烟雾状二氧化硅、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、微粉化氮化硼、硫酸钡、丙烯酸酯聚合物、硅酸铝、辛烯基丁二酸铝淀粉、硅酸钙、纤维素、白垩、玉米淀粉、硅藻土、漂白土、甘油淀粉、水合二氧化硅、碳酸镁、氢氧化镁、氧化镁、三硅酸镁、麦芽糊精、微晶纤维素、米淀粉、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、月桂酸锌、肉豆蔻酸锌、新癸酸锌、松脂酸锌、硬脂酸锌、聚乙烯、氧化铝、凹凸棒石、碳酸钙、硅酸钙、葡聚糖、尼龙、甲硅烷基化二氧化硅、蚕丝粉末、大豆面粉、氧化锡、氢氧化钛、磷酸三镁、胡桃壳粉末或其混合物。上述粉末可以用卵磷脂、氨基酸、矿物油、硅酮油或各种其它试剂以单独或组合形式进行表面处理，其涂布粉末表面并且使得粒子在本质上为疏水性的。
乳浊剂还可以包含各种有机和无机颜料。有机颜料一般是各种芳香族类型，包括偶氮、靛蓝、三苯甲烷、蒽醌和黄嘌呤染料。无机颜料包括氧化铁、群青和铬或氢氧化铬色料和其混合物。
悬浮剂
本发明组合物可以进一步以有效地将水不溶性材料以分散形式悬浮于所述组合物中或修改组合物粘度的浓度包含悬浮剂。按组合物的重量计，这类浓度一般介于约0.1％到约10％、优选地约0.3％到约5.0％悬浮剂的范围内。
适用于本文中的悬浮剂包括阴离子聚合物和非离子聚合物。适用于本文中的是乙烯基聚合物，如与CTFA名称卡波姆(Carbomer)交联的丙烯酸聚合物。
石蜡烃
本发明组合物可以含有一种或一种以上石蜡烃。适用于本发明组合物的石蜡烃包括已知适用于头发护理或其它个人护理组合物的那些材料，如在1atm下的蒸气压等于或大于约21℃(约70°F)的材料。非限制性实例包括戊烷和异戊烷。
推进剂
本发明组合物还可以含有一种或一种以上推进剂。适用于本发明组合物的推进剂包括已知用于头发护理或其它个人护理组合物的那些材料，如液化气体推进剂和压缩气体推进剂。合适的推进剂在1atm下的蒸气压小于约21℃(约70°F)。合适的推进剂的非限制性实例是烷烃、异烷烃、卤烷烃、二甲醚、氮气、氧化亚氮、二氧化碳和其混合物。
其它任选的组分
本发明组合物可以含有芳香剂。
本发明组合物还可以含有水溶性和水不溶性维生素，如维生素B1、B2、B6、B12、C、泛酸、泛酰乙醚、泛醇、生物素和其衍生物，和维生素A、D、E和其衍生物。本发明组合物还可以含有水溶性和水不溶性氨基酸，如天冬酰胺、丙氨酸、吲哚、谷氨酸和其盐，和酪氨酸、色胺、赖氨酸、组氨酸和其盐。
本发明组合物可以含有单价或二价盐，如氯化钠。
本发明组合物还可以含有螯合剂。
本发明组合物可以进一步包含适用于预防脱发的材料和头发生长刺激剂或药剂。
制造个人护理组合物的方法
一般来说，本发明组合物可以通过在室温或高温(例如约72℃)下将所述成分混合在一起来制造。仅需要在组合物中含固体成分时使用热。在分批处理温度下混合成分。可以在室温下向产品中添加其它成分，包括电解质、聚合物、芳香剂和粒子。
处理头发或皮肤的方法
以常规方式使用本发明的个人护理组合物以清洁和调节头发或皮肤。一般来说，本发明的处理头发或皮肤的方法包含将本发明的个人护理组合物施加到头发或皮肤。更具体来说，将有效量的个人护理组合物施加到优选地已经用水润湿的头发或皮肤上，并且然后冲洗掉个人护理组合物。这类有效量一般介于约1g到约50g、优选地约1g到约20g的范围内。施加到头发上通常包括使组合物遍及头发起作用以便大部分或所有的头发与组合物接触。
处理头发或皮肤的这种方法包含以下步骤：(a)施加有效量的个人护理组合物到头发或皮肤上，和(b)用水冲洗头发或皮肤的被施加区域。这些步骤可以重复所需多次以获得所需清洁和调节效益。
为了用于本发明方法中，个人护理组合物可以呈各种形式，例如洗发精、沐浴乳、凝胶、洗剂、乳霜、摩丝和喷雾。对于这些形式中的一些，个人护理组合物可以被包装在泵分配器瓶中或气雾剂容器中。在其它适用形式中，个人护理组合物可以被干燥成膜或粉，或其可以被施加到衬底，然后所述衬底被用以施加到头发或皮肤。
非限制性实例
以下实例中所示的组合物说明本发明组合物的特定实施例，但是并不打算对其造成限制。可以由熟练技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下进行其它修改。本发明组合物的这些例示实施例提供调节剂向头发和/或皮肤的增强沉积。
以下实例中所示的组合物通过常规配制物和混合方法制备，其实例如上所述。除非另外说明，否则所有例示量都以重量百分比形式列出，并且排除次要材料，如稀释剂、防腐剂、色料溶液、图像成分、植物性药材等。
以下代表本发明的洗发精组合物：
非限制性实例
均聚物
(1)HMW MAPTAC(罗地亚(Rhodia))[电荷密度＝4.5meq/g，分子量约860,000]
(2)HHMW MAPTAC(罗地亚)[电荷密度＝4.5meq/g，分子量约1,500,000]
(3)敌草快(Diquat)(罗地亚)[电荷密度＝5.60meq/g，分子量约252,000]
(4)APTAC(罗地亚)[电荷密度＝4.88meq/g，分子量约1,916,000]
(5)DMAPMA+DES的均聚物(罗地亚)[电荷密度＝3.09meq/g，分子量约180,000]
(6)METAMS的均聚物(罗地亚)[电荷密度＝3.53meq/g，分子量约313,000]
(7)Thixcin R(维乐斯(Rheox))
(8)PEG 14M(陶氏化学(Dow Chemical))
(9)Viscasil 330M(通用电气硅酮(General Electric Silicones))
(10)道康宁1664乳液(道康宁)
(11)2-1865微乳液(道康宁)
(12)Puresyn 6，MCP-1812(美孚(Mobil))
(13)Mobil P43(美孚)
(14)Miranol Ultra L32(罗地亚)
(15)MACKAM 151C(麦金太尔(McIntyre))
(16)Tegobetaine F-B(高德斯密特(Goldschmidt))
(17)Varisoft 110(威科(Witco))
(18)一种根据下式的表面活性剂组分：
(19)一种根据下式的表面活性剂组分：
Claims (11)
1.一种表面活性剂，其由下式表示：
其中R1是C8-C18烷基；并且
X与X1相同或不同，并且各自选自NH4 +、碱金属或H原子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的表面活性剂，其中X和X1各自是Na+。
3.根据权利要求1所述的表面活性剂，其中所述表面活性剂是天然衍生的。
4.根据权利要求3所述的表面活性剂，其中所述表面活性剂衍生自植物油脂肪酸与1,3-丙二醇的单酯。
5.根据权利要求4所述的表面活性剂，其中所述植物油脂肪酸选自由椰子、棕榈、大豆、油菜籽、向日葵籽、花生、棉籽和橄榄组成的群组。
6.根据权利要求4所述的表面活性剂，其中所述植物油脂肪酸选自棕榈仁。
7.根据权利要求1所述的表面活性剂，其中所述表面活性剂是个人护理组合物的组分。
8.根据权利要求7所述的表面活性剂，其中所述个人护理组合物包含一种或多种选自由以下各项组成的群组的成分：调节剂、天然阳离子沉积聚合物、合成的阳离子沉积聚合物、去屑剂、粒子、悬浮剂、石蜡烃、推进剂、染料、水溶性非挥发性溶剂或稀释剂、水不溶性非挥发性溶剂或稀释剂、珠光助剂、泡沫促进剂、其它表面活性剂或非离子助表面活性剂、杀虱剂、香料、防腐剂、螯合剂、蛋白质、皮肤活性剂、防晒剂和维生素，其中在化妆品可接受介质中提供所述成分，所述粒子是无机、合成或半合成的，其中无机粒子包括胶态二氧化硅、烟雾状二氧化硅、沉淀二氧化硅、二氧化硅凝胶、硅酸镁、玻璃粒子、滑石、云母、绢云母和各种天然和合成粘土，所述天然和合成粘土包括膨润土、锂蒙脱石和蒙脱石；合成粒子包括硅酮树脂、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯、聚酯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚酰胺、环氧树脂、尿素树脂和丙烯酸粉末；且混合粒子包括绢云母与交联的聚苯乙烯混合粉末，和云母与二氧化硅混合粉末。
9.根据权利要求8所述的表面活性剂，其中所述防晒剂为UV吸收剂。
10.根据权利要求8所述的表面活性剂，其中所述调节剂为粘度调节剂或pH调节剂。
11.根据权利要求8所述的表面活性剂，其中所述个人护理组合物基本上由天然的或天然衍生的成分组成。
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- 2012-04-11 US US13/444,590 patent/US9242930B2/en active Active
- 2012-04-11 KR KR1020137029688A patent/KR101584878B1/ko active Active
- 2012-04-11 WO PCT/US2012/033134 patent/WO2012142169A2/en active Application Filing
- 2012-04-11 CN CN201280018048.4A patent/CN103492542B/zh active Active
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| AU2012242886B2 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
| WO2012142169A3 (en) | 2013-01-03 |
| CN104941507A (zh) | 2015-09-30 |
| EP2697349A2 (en) | 2014-02-19 |
| CA2830975C (en) | 2016-06-21 |
| CN103492542A (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
| US20130102803A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
| US9242930B2 (en) | 2016-01-26 |
| AU2012242886A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
| KR101584878B1 (ko) | 2016-01-13 |
| KR20130138330A (ko) | 2013-12-18 |
| EP2697349A4 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
| JP5941531B2 (ja) | 2016-06-29 |
| CA2830975A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
| CN103492542B (zh) | 2016-05-25 |
| WO2012142169A2 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
| JP2014516930A (ja) | 2014-07-17 |
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