CN104938301A - Water-saving irrigation method and water-saving irrigation system - Google Patents
Water-saving irrigation method and water-saving irrigation system Download PDFInfo
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- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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Abstract
一种节水灌溉方法，位于地表以下5-10cm铺设用于灌溉水流通的管网系统；在管网系统中分部设置毛细吸水组件，毛细吸水组件设置于地表以下。本发明是在地表以下进行灌溉，水从管路系统中直接进入到土壤，由于不与空气接触，其蒸发量几乎为零，因此，本发明提供的节水灌溉方法其节水效果明显。一种节水灌溉系统，包括管网系统和毛细吸水组件；管网系统包括主管路和分支管，分支管与主管路连接；分支管上开设置有出水孔，出水孔于水平方向上位于分支管最大横截面的下方；毛细吸水组件设置于出水孔上用于将水导出。本发明提供的节水灌溉系统，整个系统设置于地表以下，灌溉用水不在空气中暴露，因此，其蒸发量几乎为零，节水效果明显。
A water-saving irrigation method. A pipe network system for irrigation water circulation is laid at 5-10 cm below the ground surface; capillary water absorption components are arranged in sections in the pipe network system, and the capillary water absorption components are arranged below the ground surface. The invention implements irrigation below the ground surface, and the water directly enters the soil from the pipeline system. Since the water does not contact with the air, its evaporation is almost zero. Therefore, the water-saving irrigation method provided by the invention has an obvious water-saving effect. A water-saving irrigation system, including a pipe network system and capillary water absorption components; the pipe network system includes a main line and branch pipes, the branch pipes are connected to the main line; the branch pipes are provided with water outlet holes, and the water outlet holes are located in the branch in the horizontal direction Below the maximum cross-section of the pipe; the capillary water-absorbing component is arranged on the water outlet hole to guide water out. In the water-saving irrigation system provided by the invention, the whole system is arranged below the ground surface, and the irrigation water is not exposed to the air, so the evaporation amount is almost zero, and the water-saving effect is obvious.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及农业科学技术领域，更具体地说，特别涉及一种节水灌溉方法以及一种节水灌溉系统。The invention relates to the field of agricultural science and technology, more specifically, to a water-saving irrigation method and a water-saving irrigation system.
背景技术Background technique
在我国，传统农业的灌溉方式为通过水泵直接抽水浇灌到地表，这样不仅灌溉时间长，灌溉用水量还较多，造成水资源的浪费。经过近几年灌溉节水意识的加强，有些地区出现了喷水式灌溉，即通过喷头采用高压喷水，将水扬洒到地表，相比于上面的灌溉方式能够达到节水的目的，但是，电能耗费较大。In my country, the traditional agricultural irrigation method is to directly pump water to the surface through water pumps, which not only takes a long time for irrigation, but also consumes more water for irrigation, resulting in a waste of water resources. After the strengthening of irrigation and water saving awareness in recent years, sprinkler irrigation has appeared in some areas, that is, high-pressure spraying is used through the nozzle to spray water to the surface. Compared with the above irrigation methods, the purpose of water saving can be achieved, but , higher power consumption.
国外有一种灌溉方式，即在地表以上铺设管路，通过滴水方式灌溉，这样不仅具有节水的优点，其运行时能源消耗也非常少。但是，这样滴水灌溉仍存这样一个问题：水在落下的过程中存在蒸发，对于大田作业而言，滴灌面积大且持续时间长，水的蒸发量也是非常明显的。There is an irrigation method in foreign countries, that is, laying pipelines above the surface and irrigating by dripping water. This not only has the advantage of saving water, but also consumes very little energy during operation. However, such drip irrigation still has such a problem: the water evaporates during the falling process. For field operations, the drip irrigation area is large and the duration is long, and the evaporation of water is also very obvious.
因此，如何进一步节水灌溉，成为了本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。Therefore, how to further save water for irrigation has become an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
(一)要解决的技术问题(1) Technical problems to be solved
如何解决在农业灌溉中存在的水资源浪费的问题。How to solve the problem of water waste in agricultural irrigation.
(二)技术方案(2) Technical solutions
一种节水灌溉方法，在需要灌溉的农田中，位于地表以下5-10cm铺设用于灌溉水流通的管网系统；在管网系统中分部设置毛细吸水组件，所述毛细吸水组件设置于地表以下。A water-saving irrigation method. In the farmland that needs to be irrigated, a pipe network system for irrigation water circulation is laid 5-10 cm below the surface; capillary water absorption components are arranged in sections in the pipe network system, and the capillary water absorption components are arranged on below the surface.
优选地，所述毛细吸水组件为与所述管网系统连接的流通管，在流通管内填充有土壤，利用水在土壤中的毛细扩散进行灌溉。Preferably, the capillary water absorption component is a flow pipe connected to the pipe network system, the flow pipe is filled with soil, and the capillary diffusion of water in the soil is used for irrigation.
优选地，所述毛细吸水组件为海绵条，所述海绵条的一端设置到所述管网系统内用于吸水，所述海绵条的另一端埋入到土壤中用于出水。Preferably, the capillary water absorption component is a sponge strip, one end of the sponge strip is set into the pipe network system for water absorption, and the other end of the sponge strip is buried in the soil for water discharge.
一种节水灌溉系统，包括管网系统和毛细吸水组件；所述管网系统包括主管路和分支管，所述分支管与所述主管路连接；所述分支管上开设置有出水孔，所述出水孔于水平方向上位于所述分支管最大横截面的下方；所述毛细吸水组件设置于所述出水孔上用于将水导出。A water-saving irrigation system, including a pipe network system and capillary water absorption components; the pipe network system includes a main pipeline and a branch pipe, and the branch pipe is connected to the main pipeline; the branch pipe is provided with a water outlet, The water outlet hole is located below the largest cross-section of the branch pipe in the horizontal direction; the capillary water absorption component is arranged on the water outlet hole for leading out water.
优选地，所述毛细吸水组件包括流通管和设置于所述流通管内的吸水部件，所述流通管设置于所述出水孔上，所述吸水部件能够与所述分支管中的水接触。Preferably, the capillary water absorption component includes a flow pipe and a water absorbing part arranged in the flow pipe, the flow pipe is arranged on the water outlet hole, and the water absorbing part can be in contact with the water in the branch pipe.
优选地，所述吸水部件为土壤或者海绵条。Preferably, the water-absorbing component is soil or a sponge strip.
优选地，所述管网系统于同一水平面内铺设；所述流通管倾斜设置，所述流通管用于与所述出水孔连接的一端高于其另一端，所述流通管的倾斜角度为10-20°。Preferably, the pipe network system is laid on the same horizontal plane; the flow pipe is arranged obliquely, one end of the flow pipe used to connect with the outlet hole is higher than the other end, and the inclination angle of the flow pipe is 10- 20°.
优选地，所述主管路与所述分支管之间螺纹连接；所述分支管与所述流通管螺纹连接。Preferably, the main pipeline is threadedly connected to the branch pipe; the branch pipe is threadedly connected to the flow pipe.
(三)有益效果(3) Beneficial effects
本发明提供的节水灌溉方法，在地表以下铺设管路用于灌溉水的流通，并在管路系统上设置了毛细吸水组件，利用土壤的毛细吸水特性将灌溉用水从管路系统中吸出，这种通过土壤主动吸水的灌溉方式无需动力驱动，具有节电的优点。本发明是在地表以下进行灌溉，水从管路系统中直接进入到土壤，由于不与空气接触，其蒸发量几乎为零，因此，本发明提供的节水灌溉方法其节水效果明显。In the water-saving irrigation method provided by the present invention, pipelines are laid below the surface for the circulation of irrigation water, and capillary water absorption components are arranged on the pipeline system, and the irrigation water is sucked out from the pipeline system by using the capillary water absorption characteristics of the soil. This irrigation method that actively absorbs water through the soil does not require power drive and has the advantage of saving electricity. The invention performs irrigation below the ground surface, and the water directly enters the soil from the pipeline system. Since the water does not contact with the air, its evaporation is almost zero. Therefore, the water-saving irrigation method provided by the invention has an obvious water-saving effect.
本发明提供的节水灌溉系统，整个系统设置于地表以下，灌溉用水不在空气中暴露，因此，其蒸发量几乎为零，节水效果明显。本发明利用毛细现象土壤主动吸水，在灌溉过程不需要任何能量，其节能效果明显。In the water-saving irrigation system provided by the invention, the whole system is arranged below the ground surface, and the irrigation water is not exposed to the air, so the evaporation amount is almost zero, and the water-saving effect is obvious. The invention utilizes the capillary phenomenon soil to absorb water actively, does not need any energy in the irrigation process, and has obvious energy-saving effect.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例中节水灌溉系统的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of water-saving irrigation system in the embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例中节水灌溉系统设置到土壤中的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of setting the water-saving irrigation system in the soil in the embodiment of the present invention;
在图1和图2中，部件名称与附图编号的对应关系为：In Figure 1 and Figure 2, the corresponding relationship between component names and drawing numbers is:
毛细吸水组件1、主管路2、分支管3。Capillary water absorption component 1, main pipe 2, branch pipe 3.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不能用来限制本发明的范围。Embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”、“前端”、“后端”、“头部”、“尾部”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer" , "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than Nothing indicating or implying that a referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed, and operate in a particular orientation should therefore not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral Ground connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediary. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.
本发明提供了一种节水灌溉方法，在需要灌溉的农田中，位于地表以下5-10cm铺设用于灌溉水流通的管网系统；在管网系统中分部设置毛细吸水组件，毛细吸水组件设置于地表以下。The invention provides a water-saving irrigation method. In the farmland that needs to be irrigated, a pipe network system for irrigation water circulation is laid 5-10 cm below the ground surface; capillary water absorption components are arranged in sections in the pipe network system, and the capillary water absorption components Set below the surface.
在上述节水灌溉方法中，本发明在地表以下铺设管路用于灌溉水的流通，并且，在管路系统上设置了毛细吸水组件，利用土壤的毛细吸水特性将灌溉用水从管路系统中吸出，这种通过土壤主动吸水的灌溉方式无需动力驱动，具有节电的优点。In the above-mentioned water-saving irrigation method, the present invention lays pipelines below the surface for the circulation of irrigation water, and sets capillary water absorption components on the pipeline system, and utilizes the capillary water absorption characteristics of the soil to draw irrigation water from the pipeline system Suction, this kind of irrigation method that actively absorbs water through the soil does not need power drive, and has the advantage of saving electricity.
另外，本发明是在地表以下进行灌溉，水从管路系统中直接进入到土壤，由于不与空气接触，其蒸发量几乎为零，因此，本发明提供的节水灌溉方法其节水效果明显。In addition, the present invention is to irrigate below the ground surface, and the water directly enters the soil from the pipeline system. Since the water does not contact with the air, its evaporation is almost zero. Therefore, the water-saving irrigation method provided by the present invention has obvious water-saving effect .
需要说明的是，本发明是利用土壤主动吸水，也就是说当土壤干燥需要水时，水才会被吸出管路系统，当土壤水分充足时，管路系统内的水就不会或者是很少被吸出，基于此本发明的节水效果得到了进一步提升。It should be noted that the present invention uses the soil to absorb water actively, that is to say, when the soil is dry and needs water, the water will be sucked out of the pipeline system, and when the soil moisture is sufficient, the water in the pipeline system will not or will not be very Less is sucked out, based on this the water-saving effect of the present invention has been further improved.
在本发明的一个实施方式中，毛细吸水组件为与管网系统连接的流通管，在流通管内填充有土壤，利用水在土壤中的毛细扩散进行灌溉。当然，在流通管内填充土壤时，为了避免土壤进入到管网系统内，在流通管与管网系统的连接处设置一个过滤部件，例如设置几块鹅卵石或者设置滤网等，从而将土壤隔离，仅保证水通过过滤部件渗透到土壤中。In one embodiment of the present invention, the capillary water absorption component is a flow pipe connected to the pipe network system, the flow pipe is filled with soil, and the capillary diffusion of water in the soil is used for irrigation. Of course, when filling the flow pipe with soil, in order to prevent the soil from entering the pipe network system, set a filter component at the connection between the flow pipe and the pipe network system, such as setting a few pebbles or a filter screen, etc., so as to isolate the soil. Water is only guaranteed to penetrate the soil through the filter element.
在本发明的另一个实施方式中，毛细吸水组件为海绵条，海绵条的一端设置到管网系统内用于吸水，海绵条的另一端埋入到土壤中用于出水。In another embodiment of the present invention, the capillary water absorption component is a sponge strip, one end of the sponge strip is set in the pipe network system for water absorption, and the other end of the sponge strip is buried in the soil for water discharge.
请参考图1和图2，其中，图1为本发明实施例中节水灌溉系统的结构示意图；图2为本发明实施例中节水灌溉系统设置到土壤中的结构示意图。Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , wherein FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a water-saving irrigation system in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a water-saving irrigation system in an embodiment of the present invention installed in soil.
本发明还提供了一种节水灌溉系统，包括管网系统和毛细吸水组件1；管网系统包括主管路2和分支管3，分支管3与主管路2连接；分支管3上开设置有出水孔，出水孔于水平方向上位于分支管3最大横截面的下方；毛细吸水组件1设置于出水孔上用于将水导出。The present invention also provides a water-saving irrigation system, including a pipe network system and a capillary water absorption assembly 1; the pipe network system includes a main pipe 2 and a branch pipe 3, and the branch pipe 3 is connected to the main pipe 2; the branch pipe 3 is provided with The water outlet hole is located below the largest cross-section of the branch pipe 3 in the horizontal direction; the capillary water absorption component 1 is arranged on the water outlet hole for leading out water.
基于上述结构设计，本发明在实际使用过程中，主管路2与水泵连接，分支管3设置有多根，分支管3的设置方式为：各个分支管平行设置并相互独立地连接到主管路2上；或者是分支管3首尾连接成“S”型设置。Based on the above structural design, in the actual use of the present invention, the main pipe 2 is connected to the water pump, and there are multiple branch pipes 3. The arrangement of the branch pipes 3 is as follows: each branch pipe is arranged in parallel and connected to the main pipe 2 independently of each other. or the branch pipes 3 are connected end to end to form an "S" shape.
本发明提供的节水灌溉系统具有如下特点：1、整个系统设置于地表以下，灌溉用水不在空气中暴露，因此，其蒸发量几乎为零，节水效果明显；2、整个系统利用毛细现象土壤主动吸水，在灌溉过程不需要任何能量，其节能效果明显；3、土壤根据需要吸水，灌溉效果较佳。The water-saving irrigation system provided by the present invention has the following characteristics: 1. The whole system is arranged below the ground surface, and the irrigation water is not exposed to the air. Therefore, its evaporation is almost zero, and the water-saving effect is obvious; 2. The whole system uses capillarity in the soil Actively absorbs water, does not require any energy in the irrigation process, and its energy-saving effect is obvious; 3. The soil absorbs water according to needs, and the irrigation effect is better.
具体地，毛细吸水组件1包括流通管和设置于流通管内的吸水部件，流通管设置于出水孔上，吸水部件能够与分支管3中的水接触。Specifically, the capillary water absorption assembly 1 includes a flow tube and a water absorbing component arranged in the flow tube, the flow tube is set on the water outlet hole, and the water absorbing component can be in contact with the water in the branch pipe 3 .
在本发明中，吸水部件为土壤或者海绵条。In the present invention, the water-absorbing member is soil or a sponge strip.
通过设计人员的结构优化，管网系统于同一水平面内铺设；流通管倾斜设置，流通管用于与出水孔连接的一端高于其另一端，流通管的倾斜角度为10-20°。Through the structural optimization of the designer, the pipe network system is laid on the same horizontal plane; the flow pipe is arranged obliquely, and the end of the flow pipe used to connect with the outlet hole is higher than the other end, and the inclination angle of the flow pipe is 10-20°.
为了便于整个系统的拆装，本发明将主管路2、分支管3以及流通管设计为多个独立管，在铺设时，各个管之间采用了螺纹连接，其连接快捷方便，并且不易漏水。In order to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the whole system, the present invention designs the main pipe 2, the branch pipe 3 and the circulation pipe as a plurality of independent pipes. When laying, the pipes are connected by threads, which is fast and convenient, and is not easy to leak.
本发明的实施例是为了示例和描述起见而给出的，而并不是无遗漏的或者将本发明限于所公开的形式。很多修改和变化对于本领域的普通技术人员而言是显而易见的。选择和描述实施例是为了更好说明本发明的原理和实际应用，并且使本领域的普通技术人员能够理解本发明从而设计适于特定用途的带有各种修改的各种实施例。The embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the form disclosed. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to better explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use.
Claims (8)
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109247220A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2019-01-22 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A kind of water-saving irrigation device for farmland |
| CN114287319A (en) * | 2022-01-15 | 2022-04-08 | 范学樑 | Capillary irrigation method for plant planting |
| CN115918504A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-04-07 | 盐城市粮油作物技术指导站 | Water delivery method based on corn and soybean strip-shaped composite planting |
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| CN115918504A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-04-07 | 盐城市粮油作物技术指导站 | Water delivery method based on corn and soybean strip-shaped composite planting |
| CN115918504B (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2024-01-05 | 盐城市粮油作物技术指导站 | Water delivery method based on corn and soybean banded composite planting |
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