CN104936372A - Plasma generating device - Google Patents
Plasma generating device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104936372A CN104936372A CN201510369189.6A CN201510369189A CN104936372A CN 104936372 A CN104936372 A CN 104936372A CN 201510369189 A CN201510369189 A CN 201510369189A CN 104936372 A CN104936372 A CN 104936372A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a plasma generating device. The device comprises electrodes which include a first electrode, a second electrode and a third electrode; the first electrode, second electrode and third electrode form a plasma confinement solid wall boundary having a three-step structure, and a compressive arc channel is formed inside the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode; a transport channel of a second path carrier gas flow is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode; a transport channel of a third path carrier gas flow is formed between the second electrode and the third electrode; a transport channel of a first path carrier gas flow is formed at the rear part of the first electrode. The device is capable of generating high-power plasma and stably operating the plasma, and adjusting the enthalpy value and mach number of plasma jet output from the nozzle by optimizing the structural and operation parameters. Balance and optimization between economy and technicality are achieved according the end use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the commercial Application technical field of Low Temperature Thermal plasma high-energy physics and high-power thermal source, particularly relate to the plasma producing apparatus of the adjustable super high power of a kind of commercial Application shape parameter.
Background technology
Low Temperature Thermal plasma is object the 4th kind of state beyond solid-state, gaseous state, liquid state, and high power plasma has wide in range application in fields such as high-risk garbage disposal, gasification of biomass, particulate metal smelting, high-energy ignition, plasma cut, plasma sprayings.When gas external electrical field intensity is greater than air breakdown field intensity, gas is breakdown, produces the mixture comprising electronics, various ion, atom, molecule, various free radical.Because electronics and ion always occur in pairs, so plasma is electric neutrality.In the plasma of artificial generation, discharge mode is the most common, particularly DC arc plasma generating means.DC arc plasma generating means, main key problem has three: first to be the running orbit controlling negative and positive polar arcs root, and second is heat radiation and the life ensuring of electrode, and the 3rd is the coupling between outlet jet parameter and efficiency.In negative and positive polar arc root running orbit controls, main employing three kinds of modes: cold wall constraint, electromagnetic confinement and air-flow constraint.In a lot of occasions of commercial Application, owing to limiting by profile, electromagnetic confinement realizes difficulty.In limited physical dimension, complete the constraint of effective electric arc, be a critical Technology Difficulties for high power plasma generating means.For the powerful plasma producing apparatus of small scale, internal field, space distribution gradient is very large, particularly temperature field and velocity field.The dissipation of strong turbulence, stablize to internal arc and bring very large problem, mainly concentrate on two aspects: an aspect is that the cooling of circumference large gradient strong turbulence inevitably brings the Over-constrained of cold wall to cause arc extinction in the arc root spot of high-power cavity type negative electrode and the endless belt space of film sheaths movement; Another aspect is that turbulent flow is constantly grown in electric arc and plasma transport process, and mass-and heat-transfer process is acutely carried out, after axially carrying certain distance, air-flow effect of restraint disappears completely, and Anode arc root is formed and adheres to, and along with turbulent pressure intermediate frequency pulsation axial stretching.Low current fluctuation of service is brought in first aspect, the raising of second aspect deboost.Solve the key that this two problems is high voltage low current high power plasma generating means.Electrode heat radiation and life-span mainly consider negative electrode.Anode arc root spot to be pulsed the axial stretching caused due to pressure intermediate frequency, and can bring the hot spot region that wide in range, namely very low with scratch start root drop point probability, the intensity of heat load is more weak, easily processes by technological means.Negative electrode is narrower and air-flow is about beam intensity owing to running annulus belt area, and the high several order of magnitude of same scratch start root drop point likelihood ratio anode of the periodically revolution hot spot region of being in operation, causes accumulated temperature to remain high, be difficult to realize effective cooling.The cooling of arc root ablated region directly can affect the speed of electrode material ablation, and accumulated temperature is too high under equal conditions can expand melting range size significantly, and electrode material is lost fast along with the souring of air-flow and the heavy particle collision effect of film sheaths.The raising of cathode life must be considered from two aspects: one is the heat load intensity reducing ablated region, and another is that the cooling effect on strengthening non-plasma side is to reduce the accumulated temperature of ablated surface.These two kinds of methods combine the key that employing is also high power plasma generating means.Outlet jet parameter adopts two parameter characterizations: enthalpy and Mach number, physically adopts temperature and speed to characterize, engineering science depends on electrical power, efficiency and carrier conveying capacity.The about 3-4MJ/kg of plasma flare type lip jet enthalpy of main flow on domestic market, Mach number is not higher than 0.3.The enthalpy of plasma torch reaches 10MJ/kg, but being limited to architectural characteristic cannot realize high-power and efficiency is extremely low.In engineering construction, improve enthalpy and Mach number, always can bring the reduction of efficiency, and under the prerequisite that electrical power is certain, efficiency reduces the economy that can weaken again whole system.As in conveying capacity be 0.08kg/s plasma system in, plasma enthalpy 5MJ/kg, electrical power 500kW, efficiency 80%; If with wanting during structure to improve plasma enthalpy to 6MJ/kg in the constant situation of conveying capacity, can lower efficiency to lower than 70%, electrical power needs nearly 700kW.Namely, when improving plasma transfer heat 80kJ/s, need to increase electrical power 200kW, the economy of plasma generating system significantly reduces.Relation between balance plasma jet parameter and efficiency is also an important technology economic index of commercial Application type plasma producing apparatus.
The patent No. is " CN201120573876.7 ", and Authorization Notice No. is " CN202473623U ", name is called " a kind of high density NH
3+ SiH
4arc discharging plasma generating means " Chinese utility model patent application, disclose a kind of high density NH
3+ SiH
4arc discharging plasma generating means, comprise electric discharge chamber, anode, cerium tungsten cathode, insulating barrier, water-cooled copper plate, Laval nozzle, cathodic body and insulated tube, cathodic body is connected by the top of insulated tube with electric discharge chamber, cerium tungsten cathode is set in cathodic body and insulated tube, cathodic body is provided with argon gas, the introducing port of hydrogen and the import of cooling water and outlet, insulating barrier and water-cooled copper plate is provided with in the bottom of electric discharge chamber, insulating barrier-water-cooled copper plate is staggered up and down to be superposed 3-7 time, wherein bottom one deck is water-cooled copper plate, this water-cooled copper plate directly contacts with anode, which is provided with introducing port and the passage of ammonia source of the gas, anode is provided with introducing port and the passage of silane source of the gas, near the outlet on Laval nozzle, is provided with the atomizer of deriving silane source of the gas.Although it can simplify the preparation technology of antireflection film, it cannot solve the problem of the raising of low current fluctuation of service and deboost equally.
The patent No. is " CN93222567.5 ", Authorization Notice No. " CN2164175 ", name is called the Chinese utility model patent of " a kind of plasma producing apparatus ", discloses a kind of plasma producing apparatus, cathode taps, nozzle, cooling-water duct, ar gas passage and blowing oxygen passage.Although it can make smelting stainless steel injecting oxygen not burning cathode taps and nozzle, it cannot solve the problem of the raising of low current fluctuation of service and deboost equally.
On the whole, more existing plasma producing apparatus, many existence are difficult to stable operation and produce high power plasma, enthalpy and Mach number that spout exports plasma jet cannot be adjusted, balance and optimized problem can not be reached between economy (efficiency) and technical (jet parameters) according to final use, for this reason, need a kind of plasma producing apparatus, can solve the problem, produce high power plasma and make it stable operation, and by structure and optimization of operating parameters, adjustment spout exports enthalpy and the Mach number of plasma jet, between economy (efficiency) and technical (jet parameters), balance and optimization is reached according to final use.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, a kind of plasma producing apparatus is provided, the problems referred to above existing in prior art can be solved, produce high power plasma and make it stable operation, and by structure and optimization of operating parameters, adjustment spout exports enthalpy and the Mach number of plasma jet, reaches balance and optimization according to final use between economy (efficiency) and technical (jet parameters).
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of plasma producing apparatus, comprise electrode, electrode comprises the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode that set gradually; First electrode, the second electrode and third electrode form the Gu Bi border of the plasma confinement of three stage structure, and the inside of the first electrode, the second electrode and third electrode forms the passage of compression arc; The transfer passages of the second tunnel carrier gas stream is formed between first electrode and the second electrode; The transfer passages of the 3rd tunnel carrier gas stream is formed between second electrode and third electrode; The rear portion of the first electrode forms the transfer passages of first via carrier gas stream.
In above scheme preferably, plasma producing apparatus adopts many eddy flows to carry out the running orbit of control cathode arc root.
In above either a program preferably, plasma producing apparatus adopts the conveying capacity of multistage air film and proportioning carry out control electrode heat waste and control conveying capacity.
In above either a program preferably, plasma producing apparatus adopts multistage gaseous film control carry out compression arc and prevent Anode arc root adherent.
In above either a program preferably, the transfer passages of first via carrier gas stream forms two double rotational directions airflow fields.
In above either a program preferably, in two double rotational directions airflow fields, one of them double rotational directions airflow field forms adherent air film, and target inner chamber week internally carries out electric arc constraint, and the rotation direction of its airflow field is identical with the rotation direction of primary air.
In above either a program preferably, in two double rotational directions airflow fields, another double rotational directions airflow field forms a road reverse rotation airflow field inside end face, prevents electric arc from puncturing bottom from rear side and damages inlet duct.
In above either a program preferably, first via carrier gas stream and the second tunnel carrier gas stream are combined for retraining Cathode arc root, the running orbit of control cathode arc root, and the heat load of simultaneously control electrode ablated surface.
In above either a program preferably, the second tunnel carrier gas stream and the 3rd tunnel carrier gas stream, for retraining Anode arc root, control the running orbit of Anode arc root, prevent Anode arc root adherent too early.
In above either a program preferably, the cooling water side of the first electrode, the second electrode and third electrode all adopts the water side liquid fluidal texture of strong uniform field turbulent flow.
In above either a program preferably, the wall side of the first electrode, the second electrode and third electrode is equipped with paster heat pipe and groove structure.
In above either a program preferably, the first electrode, the second electrode and third electrode adopt the type of cooling of band phase transformation.
In above either a program preferably, the adjusting range adjusting air-flow curl and intensity is: the enthalpy of lip jet parameter is 3-8MJ/kg, Mach 2 ship 0.2-0.6.
In above either a program preferably, the adjusting range of the enthalpy of lip jet parameter is 5-6MJ/kg.
In above either a program preferably, test run electrical power 500kW, i.e. 500A/1000V, outlet plasma enthalpy 5.6MJ/kg, Mach number 0.45.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
The invention provides a kind of plasma producing apparatus, it can solve and be difficult to stable operation generation high power plasma, enthalpy and Mach number that spout exports plasma jet cannot be adjusted, balance and optimized problem can not be reached between economy (efficiency) and technical (jet parameters) according to final use, can high power plasma be produced and make it stable operation, and by structure and optimization of operating parameters, adjustment spout exports enthalpy and the Mach number of plasma jet, between economy (efficiency) and technical (jet parameters), balance and optimization is reached according to final use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment according to plasma producing apparatus of the present invention.
In figure, 1 is first via carrier gas stream, and 2 is the first electrode, and 3 is the second tunnel carrier gas stream, and 4 is the second electrode, and 5 is the 3rd tunnel carrier gas stream, and 6 is third electrode.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is explained in detail.But, obviously can carry out different modification and remodeling to the present invention and not exceed the wider spirit and scope of the present invention of appended claims.Therefore, following examples have exemplary and hard-core implication.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of plasma producing apparatus, comprise electrode, electrode comprises the first electrode 2, second electrode 4 and the third electrode 6 set gradually; First electrode 2, second electrode 4 and third electrode 6 form the Gu Bi border of the plasma confinement of three stage structure, and the inside of the first electrode 2, second electrode 4 and third electrode 6 forms the passage of compression arc; The transfer passages of the second tunnel carrier gas stream 3 is formed between first electrode 2 and the second electrode 4; The transfer passages of the 3rd tunnel carrier gas stream 5 is formed between second electrode 4 and third electrode 6; The rear portion of the first electrode 2 forms the transfer passages of first via carrier gas stream 1.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of plasma producing apparatus, similar to embodiment 1, difference is, plasma producing apparatus adopts many eddy flows to carry out the running orbit of control cathode arc root.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of plasma producing apparatus, similar to embodiment 2, difference is, plasma producing apparatus adopts the conveying capacity of multistage air film and proportioning carry out control electrode heat waste and control conveying capacity.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of plasma producing apparatus, similar to embodiment 3, difference is, plasma producing apparatus adopts multistage gaseous film control carry out compression arc and prevent Anode arc root adherent.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of plasma producing apparatus, similar to embodiment 4, difference is, the transfer passages of first via carrier gas stream 1 forms two double rotational directions airflow fields.
Embodiment 6:
A kind of plasma producing apparatus, similar to embodiment 5, difference is, in two double rotational directions airflow fields, one of them double rotational directions airflow field forms adherent air film, and target inner chamber week internally carries out electric arc constraint, and the rotation direction of its airflow field is identical with the rotation direction of primary air.
Embodiment 7:
A kind of plasma producing apparatus, similar to embodiment 6, difference is, in two double rotational directions airflow fields, another double rotational directions airflow field forms a road reverse rotation airflow field inside end face, prevents electric arc from puncturing bottom from rear side and damages inlet duct.
Embodiment 8:
A kind of plasma producing apparatus, similar to embodiment 7, difference is, first via carrier gas stream 1 and the second tunnel carrier gas stream 3 are combined for retraining Cathode arc root, the running orbit of control cathode arc root, and the heat load of control electrode ablated surface simultaneously.
Embodiment 9:
A kind of plasma producing apparatus, similar to embodiment 8, difference is, the second tunnel carrier gas stream 3 and the 3rd tunnel carrier gas stream 5, for retraining Anode arc root, control the running orbit of Anode arc root, prevent Anode arc root adherent too early.
Embodiment 10:
A kind of plasma producing apparatus, similar to embodiment 9, difference is, the cooling water side of the first electrode 2, second electrode 4 and third electrode 6 all adopts the water side liquid fluidal texture of strong uniform field turbulent flow.
Embodiment 11:
A kind of plasma producing apparatus, similar to embodiment 10, difference is, the wall side of the first electrode 2, second electrode 4 and third electrode 6 is equipped with paster heat pipe and groove structure.
Embodiment 12:
A kind of plasma producing apparatus, similar to embodiment 11, difference is, the first electrode 2, second electrode 4 and third electrode 6 adopt the type of cooling of band phase transformation.
Embodiment 13:
A kind of plasma producing apparatus, similar to embodiment 12, difference is, the adjusting range of adjustment air-flow curl and intensity is: the enthalpy of lip jet parameter is 3-8MJ/kg, Mach 2 ship 0.2-0.6.
Embodiment 14:
A kind of plasma producing apparatus, similar to embodiment 13, difference is, the adjusting range of the enthalpy of lip jet parameter is 5-6MJ/kg.
Embodiment 15:
A kind of plasma producing apparatus, similar to embodiment 14, difference is, test run electrical power 500kW, i.e. 500A/1000V, outlet plasma enthalpy 5.6MJ/kg, Mach number 0.45.
Plasma producing apparatus of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the small-scale structure adopting non-magnetic control to retrain is to produce high power plasma and to make it stable operation, and by structure and optimization of operating parameters, adjustment spout exports enthalpy and the Mach number of plasma jet, reaches balance and optimization according to final use between economy (efficiency) and technical (jet parameters).It adopts many eddy flows to carry out the running orbit of control cathode arc root; It adopts multistage gaseous film control to carry out compression arc and prevent Anode arc root adherent, thus effectively improves voltage and retrain the axial stretching scope of Anode arc root; It adopts algorithm to carry out control cathode arc root drop point to control object Intelligent Recognition, effectively reduces cathode burning corrosion face heat load; It carries out to all cooling of electrode water sides the surface heat exchanging that electrode is strengthened in local optimum design, thus reduce electrode body material accumulated temperature, the mode of this local optimum design mainly adopts the water side liquid flow design of strong uniform field turbulent flow to improve water side heat exchange coefficient, and reduces the wall thermal resistance of equivalence at wall side increase paster heat pipe and groove structure; It reduces ablation face heat load and reduces electrode material accumulated temperature and effectively can improve electrode life.Its data measured show, it can effectively improve cathode life to twice, is increased to 500 hours by original 250 hours.
Plasma producing apparatus of the present invention, it adopts the conveying capacity of multistage air film and proportioning to carry out control electrode heat waste, controls conveying capacity simultaneously, regulates enthalpy and the Mach number of lip jet under certain power condition, thus ensure, under the prerequisite improving enthalpy and Mach number, not lower efficiency.Its data measured show, when enthalpy is increased to 6MJ/kg from 5MJ/kg, by regulating flow patterns, can keep the generator efficiency of more than 83%.
Plasma producing apparatus of the present invention, it adopts the cooling technology of band phase transformation to electrode, the heat exchange coefficient of strengthening cold side, improves electrode heat radiation; It, for the adjustment of air-flow curl and intensity, can make the enthalpy of lip jet parameter adjustable within the scope of 0.2-0.6 at 3-8MJ/kg, Mach number;
Plasma producing apparatus of the present invention, it is as the super high power plasma generator of the adjustable high voltage low current of a kind of jet parameters, it adopts three stage structure, its the first electrode 2, second electrode 4 and third electrode 6 form the Gu Bi border of plasma confinement, for carrying plasma, and form the passage of compression arc in inside.Form the transfer passages of the second tunnel carrier gas stream between first electrode 2 and the second electrode 4, between the second electrode 4 and third electrode 6, form the transfer passages of the 3rd tunnel carrier gas stream 5; The transfer passages of first via carrier gas stream 1 is formed at the rear portion of the first electrode 2, the mechanism of the transfer passages of first via carrier gas stream 1 forms two double rotational directions airflow fields, a formation inwardly carries out electric arc constraint in adherent air film target inner chamber week, identical with primary air rotation direction, another forms a road reverse rotation airflow field inside end face, prevents electric arc from puncturing bottom from rear side and damages inlet duct.First via carrier gas stream 1 and the second tunnel carrier gas stream 3 are combined for retraining Cathode arc root, the running orbit of control cathode arc root, and the heat load of simultaneously control electrode ablated surface.Second tunnel carrier gas stream 3 and the 3rd tunnel carrier gas stream 5, for retraining Anode arc root, control the running orbit of Anode arc root, prevent Anode arc root adherent too early.
Plasma producing apparatus of the present invention, after start operating performance transits to rated condition, according to the jet parameters that load needs, by adjustment electric parameter and the conveying capacity of carrier gas stream and the proportioning of three road air-flows, controls plasma enthalpy and Mach number.Its test run electrical power 500kW(500A/1000V), outlet plasma enthalpy 5.6MJ/kg, Mach number 0.45, plasma producing apparatus efficiency is 85%.
Claims (10)
1. a plasma producing apparatus, comprises electrode, it is characterized in that: electrode comprises the first electrode (2), the second electrode (4) and the third electrode (6) that set gradually; First electrode (2), the second electrode (4) and third electrode (6) form the Gu Bi border of the plasma confinement of three stage structure, and the inside of the first electrode (2), the second electrode (4) and third electrode (6) forms the passage of compression arc; The transfer passages of the second tunnel carrier gas stream (3) is formed between first electrode (2) and the second electrode (4); The transfer passages of the 3rd tunnel carrier gas stream (5) is formed between second electrode (4) and third electrode (6); The rear portion of the first electrode (2) forms the transfer passages of first via carrier gas stream (1).
2. plasma producing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: plasma producing apparatus adopts many eddy flows to carry out the running orbit of control cathode arc root.
3. plasma producing apparatus as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: plasma producing apparatus adopts the conveying capacity of multistage air film and proportioning carry out control electrode heat waste and control conveying capacity.
4. plasma producing apparatus as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: plasma producing apparatus adopts multistage gaseous film control carry out compression arc and prevent Anode arc root adherent.
5. plasma producing apparatus as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: the transfer passages of first via carrier gas stream (1) forms two double rotational directions airflow fields.
6. plasma producing apparatus as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: in two double rotational directions airflow fields, one of them double rotational directions airflow field forms adherent air film, and target inner chamber week internally carries out electric arc constraint, and the rotation direction of its airflow field is identical with the rotation direction of primary air.
7. plasma producing apparatus as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: in two double rotational directions airflow fields, another double rotational directions airflow field forms a road reverse rotation airflow field inside end face, prevents electric arc from puncturing bottom from rear side and damages inlet duct.
8. plasma producing apparatus as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: first via carrier gas stream (1) and the second tunnel carrier gas stream (3) are combined for retraining Cathode arc root, the running orbit of control cathode arc root, and the heat load of simultaneously control electrode ablated surface.
9. plasma producing apparatus as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: the second tunnel carrier gas stream (3) and the 3rd tunnel carrier gas stream (5), for retraining Anode arc root, control the running orbit of Anode arc root, prevent Anode arc root adherent too early.
10. plasma producing apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-9 wherein, is characterized in that: the cooling water side of the first electrode (2), the second electrode (4) and third electrode (6) all adopts the water side liquid fluidal texture of strong uniform field turbulent flow.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105282952A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-01-27 | 成都金创立科技有限责任公司 | 500 KW magnetic stability non-transferred arc plasma generator |
| CN105517312A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-04-20 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | Super-high-enthalpy arc heater anode |
| CN107949139A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-20 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | A kind of serially connected arc plasma generator |
| CN109936904A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-06-25 | 武汉天和技术股份有限公司 | A segmented plasma torch anode |
| CN113301703A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-24 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Middle section structure plasma generator |
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| CN113301703A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-24 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Middle section structure plasma generator |
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Application publication date: 20150923 |