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CN104900131B - The experimental method of formation fluid overflow and leakage in a kind of simulation drilling process - Google Patents

The experimental method of formation fluid overflow and leakage in a kind of simulation drilling process Download PDF

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CN104900131B
CN104900131B CN201510192727.9A CN201510192727A CN104900131B CN 104900131 B CN104900131 B CN 104900131B CN 201510192727 A CN201510192727 A CN 201510192727A CN 104900131 B CN104900131 B CN 104900131B
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CN104900131A (en
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尹邦堂
林英松
刘刚
解伟
史玉才
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China University of Petroleum East China
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种模拟钻井过程中地层流体溢流及井漏的实验方法，其技术方案是：首先，组装实验装置，第二，钻井液正循环实验方法；第三，气体溢流过程实验方法；第四，地层液相流体实验方法，第五，气液两相流体溢流实验方法；本发明的有益效果是：从而可以观察气体溢流、气液两相流体溢流过程中的流型变化，关井、正常循环过程中三种溢流情况下及井漏的井口油压、套压变化，可以激发学生学习的积极性，对地层流体侵入井筒及井漏的过程有一个直观形象的认识，加深了学生对地层流体溢流及井漏期间参数变化的理解和掌握。

The invention relates to an experimental method for simulating formation fluid overflow and lost circulation in the drilling process. The technical scheme is as follows: firstly, an experimental device is assembled; secondly, a drilling fluid positive circulation experimental method; thirdly, an experimental method for a gas overflow process The 4th, formation liquid phase fluid experimental method, the 5th, gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow experimental method; The beneficial effect of the present invention is: thereby can observe the flow pattern in gas overflow, gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow process Changes, wellhead oil pressure and casing pressure changes in the three overflow situations during well shut-in and normal circulation, and lost circulation can stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning and have an intuitive understanding of the process of formation fluid invasion into the wellbore and lost circulation , to deepen students' understanding and mastery of parameter changes during formation fluid overflow and lost circulation.

Description

一种模拟钻井过程中地层流体溢流及井漏的实验方法An experimental method for simulating formation fluid overflow and lost circulation during drilling

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种油气开发实验方法，特别涉及一种模拟钻井过程中地层流体溢流及井漏的实验方法。The invention relates to an experimental method for oil and gas development, in particular to an experimental method for simulating formation fluid overflow and lost circulation during well drilling.

背景技术Background technique

尽管井漏、溢流井喷及井喷失控是石油工业届一直采取各种措施都力求避免的，但是历史证明只要开发石油，此类事故就不可能杜绝。由于此类事故危害巨大，钻井生产单位都会非常重视，因此学生在钻井生产实习过程中接触不到、也不可能看到此类的事故，缺乏对溢流、井涌、井喷、井漏的相关理论知识深入的理解和掌握。目前国内外对钻井过程中的溢流、井涌、井喷、井漏的知识仅是进行理论讲解，缺乏相关的模拟教学实验方法，学生理解不够深入。Although well leakage, overflow blowout and out-of-control blowout are what the oil industry has been trying to avoid by taking various measures, history has proved that such accidents cannot be eliminated as long as oil is developed. Due to the great harm of such accidents, drilling and production units will attach great importance to them. Therefore, students cannot come into contact with and cannot see such accidents during the drilling production practice. In-depth understanding and mastery of theoretical knowledge. At present, the knowledge of overflow, well kick, blowout and lost circulation in the drilling process at home and abroad is only a theoretical explanation, lack of relevant simulation teaching and experiment methods, and students' understanding is not deep enough.

中国专利文献号为102418509A，公开了《一种控制压力钻井技术室内试验系统及方法》，可以完成对控制压力钻井节流管汇和采集控制系统的室内试验。试验系统包括钻井地面注入模拟系统、钻柱模拟系统、地层模拟系统、环空模拟系统和控制压力回压系统。试验系统可以模拟立压、套压、井底压力、钻柱和环空压力损失以及钻井过程中的循环、接单根、漏失和井涌的各种情况。其存在的问题是，并不是专用于溢流、井涌、井喷、井漏等模拟，所以，并不能对学生理解溢流、井涌、井喷、井漏等起到很好效果。The Chinese patent document number is 102418509A, which discloses "A Controlled Pressure Drilling Technology Indoor Test System and Method", which can complete the indoor test of the control pressure drilling choke manifold and acquisition control system. The test system includes drilling surface injection simulation system, drill string simulation system, formation simulation system, annular space simulation system and control pressure back pressure system. The test system can simulate vertical pressure, casing pressure, bottom hole pressure, pressure loss of drill string and annular space, as well as circulation, connection, leakage and kick during drilling. The problem is that it is not dedicated to the simulation of overflow, well kick, blowout, and lost circulation. Therefore, it does not have a good effect on students' understanding of overflow, well kick, blowout, and lost circulation.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的就是针对现有技术存在的上述缺陷，提供一种模拟钻井过程中地层流体溢流及井漏的实验方法，通过实验过程中调节井筒中的井底压力、地层流体压力的关系，对钻井过程中的溢流、井涌、井喷及井漏有了一个清楚的认识。The purpose of the present invention is exactly to aim at the above-mentioned defect that prior art exists, provide a kind of experimental method of formation fluid overflow and lost circulation in the process of simulating well drilling, by adjusting the relationship between bottom hole pressure and formation fluid pressure in the wellbore during the experiment, Have a clear understanding of overflow, well kick, blowout and lost circulation during drilling.

本发明提到的一种模拟钻井过程中地层流体溢流及井漏的实验方法，包括以下步骤：A kind of experimental method for simulating formation fluid overflow and lost circulation in the drilling process mentioned by the present invention comprises the following steps:

首先，组装实验设备，所述实验设备包括有机玻璃内管（1）、有机玻璃外管（2）、内旋转电机（3）、钻井液计量泵（7）、钻井液储存罐（8）、气体流量计（16）、空气压缩机（17）、气液混合器（18）、地层流体流量计（20）、地层液相流体储存罐（21）、气液分离器（25）、计算机（26），所述的有机玻璃内管（1）、有机玻璃外管（2）组成实验观察管路，且实验观察管路的顶部和底部分别通过管路连接到钻井液储存罐（8）和地层液相流体储存罐（21），形成多个循环管路；First, assemble the experimental equipment, which includes the plexiglass inner tube (1), the plexiglass outer tube (2), the inner rotating motor (3), the drilling fluid metering pump (7), the drilling fluid storage tank (8), Gas flow meter (16), air compressor (17), gas-liquid mixer (18), formation fluid flow meter (20), formation liquid phase fluid storage tank (21), gas-liquid separator (25), computer ( 26), the plexiglass inner tube (1) and plexiglass outer tube (2) constitute the experimental observation pipeline, and the top and bottom of the experimental observation pipeline are respectively connected to the drilling fluid storage tank (8) and the Formation liquid phase fluid storage tank (21), forming multiple circulation pipelines;

其次，钻井液正循环实验方法是钻井液从钻井液储存罐（8）中流出，经钻井液计量泵（7）、流量计（6）、压力计（5）、第三压力控制阀（12）、第二压力控制阀（11）、立压表（14），通过管道进入井筒，然后经内旋转电机（3）、单流阀（4）、有机玻璃内管（1）、有机玻璃内外管环空流出井筒，再经套压表（31）、、第四压力控制阀（13）、管道、气液分离器（25）、阀门、管道进入钻井液储存罐（8）；Secondly, the drilling fluid positive circulation test method is that the drilling fluid flows out from the drilling fluid storage tank (8), passes through the drilling fluid metering pump (7), flow meter (6), pressure gauge (5), and the third pressure control valve (12 ), the second pressure control valve (11), the vertical pressure gauge (14), enter the wellbore through the pipeline, and then pass through the internal rotating motor (3), check valve (4), plexiglass inner tube (1), plexiglass inner and outer The pipe annulus flows out of the wellbore, and then enters the drilling fluid storage tank (8) through the casing pressure gauge (31), the fourth pressure control valve (13), the pipeline, the gas-liquid separator (25), the valve, and the pipeline;

第三，气体溢流过程实验方法是保持钻井液正循环，打开空气压缩机（17），调整压力控制阀（29）大小，观察气体管路压力表（15），大于井底压力表（23）时，打开阀门（24），气体经气液混合器（18），由管道进入有机玻璃内外管环空，形成气体溢流，然后气液混合流体经套压表（31）、第四压力控制阀（13）、管路进入气液分离器（25），经分离后，气体直接排放到大气中，液相经回流管路流到钻井液储存罐；Third, the experimental method of the gas overflow process is to maintain the positive circulation of the drilling fluid, turn on the air compressor (17), adjust the size of the pressure control valve (29), and observe the gas pipeline pressure gauge (15), which is greater than the bottom hole pressure gauge (23 ), the valve (24) is opened, the gas passes through the gas-liquid mixer (18), and enters the annulus of the inner and outer tubes of plexiglass from the pipeline to form a gas overflow, and then the gas-liquid mixed fluid passes through the casing pressure gauge (31), the fourth pressure The control valve (13) and the pipeline enter the gas-liquid separator (25). After separation, the gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere, and the liquid phase flows to the drilling fluid storage tank through the return pipeline;

第四，地层液相流体实验方法是保持钻井液正常循环，关闭第五压力控制阀（29），打开地层液相流体储存罐（21）、地层液相流体计量泵（28），调整第六压力控制阀（30）大小，观察地层液相流体管路压力表（19），大于井底压力表（23）时，打开阀门（24），地层液相流体经气液混合器（18），由管道进入有机玻璃内外管环空，形成地层液相流体溢流，然后气液混合流体经套压表（31）、第四压力控制阀（13）、管路进入气液分离器（25），经回流管路流到钻井液储存罐（8）；Fourth, the formation liquid phase fluid test method is to maintain the normal circulation of the drilling fluid, close the fifth pressure control valve (29), open the formation liquid phase fluid storage tank (21) and the formation liquid phase fluid metering pump (28), adjust the sixth The size of the pressure control valve (30), observe the formation liquid phase fluid pipeline pressure gauge (19), when it is greater than the bottom hole pressure gauge (23), open the valve (24), the formation liquid phase fluid passes through the gas-liquid mixer (18), The pipeline enters the annulus of the plexiglass inner and outer pipes to form an overflow of the formation liquid phase fluid, and then the gas-liquid mixed fluid enters the gas-liquid separator (25) through the casing pressure gauge (31), the fourth pressure control valve (13), and the pipeline , flows to the drilling fluid storage tank (8) through the return pipeline;

第五，气体溢流模拟过程中，在保持气体管路压力表（15）大于井底压力表（23）的情况下，调大第五压力控制阀（29），就可以模拟不同进气量情况下的气体溢流、井涌、井喷；Fifth, in the process of gas overflow simulation, while keeping the gas pipeline pressure gauge (15) larger than the bottom hole pressure gauge (23), the fifth pressure control valve (29) can be increased to simulate different intake volumes Gas overflow, well kick, and blowout in the event of a blowout;

地层液相流体溢流模拟过程中，在保持地层流体管路压力表（19）大于井底压力表（23）的情况下，调大第六压力控制阀（30），就可以模拟不同液相流量侵入情况下的液相溢流、井涌、井喷。During the simulation process of formation liquid phase fluid overflow, under the condition that the formation fluid pipeline pressure gauge (19) is kept larger than the bottom hole pressure gauge (23), the sixth pressure control valve (30) can be increased to simulate different liquid phases Liquid phase overflow, well kick and blowout under the condition of flow intrusion.

优选的，本发明的实验设备可以实现气液两相流体溢流实验，其方法是保持钻井液正常循环，同时打开第五压力控制阀（29）、第六压力控制阀（30）并调整大小，观察气相流量计（16）、气体管路压力表（15），液相流量计（20）、地层流体管路压力表（19），当气体管路压力表（15）、地层流体管路压力计（19）之和大于井底压力表（23）时，打开阀门（24），气液混合器（18）混合后，由管道进入有机玻璃内外管环空，形成气液两相流体溢流，然后气液混合流体经套压表（31）、第四压力控制阀（13）、管路进入气液分离器（25），经分离后，气体直接排放到大气中，液相经回流管路流到钻井液储存罐。Preferably, the experimental equipment of the present invention can realize the gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow experiment, and the method is to maintain the normal circulation of the drilling fluid, and simultaneously open the fifth pressure control valve (29) and the sixth pressure control valve (30) and adjust the size , observe gas phase flowmeter (16), gas pipeline pressure gauge (15), liquid phase flowmeter (20), formation fluid pipeline pressure gauge (19), when gas pipeline pressure gauge (15), formation fluid pipeline When the sum of the pressure gauges (19) is greater than the bottom hole pressure gauge (23), open the valve (24), and after the gas-liquid mixer (18) mixes, it enters the annulus of the inner and outer plexiglass pipes from the pipeline to form a gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow. Then the gas-liquid mixed fluid enters the gas-liquid separator (25) through the casing pressure gauge (31), the fourth pressure control valve (13), and the pipeline. After separation, the gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere, and the liquid phase is refluxed. The pipeline flows to the drilling fluid storage tank.

进一步优选的，在气液两相流体溢流模拟过程中，在保持气体管路压力表（15）、地层流体管路压力表（19）之和大于井底压力表（23）的情况下，保持第五压力控制阀（29）不变，调大第六压力控制阀（30）；或者在保持气体管路压力表（15）、地层流体管路压力表（19）之和大于井底压力表（23）的情况下，保持第六压力控制阀（30）不变，调大第五压力控制阀（29），两种情况下都可以模拟地层流体中不同气液混合比例情况下的溢流、井涌、井喷。Further preferably, in the process of gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow simulation, under the condition that the sum of gas pipeline pressure gauge (15) and formation fluid pipeline pressure gauge (19) is greater than the bottom hole pressure gauge (23), Keep the fifth pressure control valve (29) unchanged, and increase the sixth pressure control valve (30); or keep the sum of gas pipeline pressure gauge (15) and formation fluid pipeline pressure gauge (19) greater than the bottom hole pressure In the case of Table (23), keep the sixth pressure control valve (30) unchanged and increase the fifth pressure control valve (29). In both cases, the overflow under different gas-liquid mixing ratios in the formation fluid can be simulated. Stream, kick, blowout.

更进一步优选的，实验设备可以实现井漏模拟实验，在井漏模拟过程中，保持钻井液正循环，打开地层流体储存罐（21）、地层流体计量泵（28），调整压力大小，观察地层流体管路压力表（19），等于井底压力表（36）时，打开阀门（35），并把钻井液循环管路压力控制阀（23）、第五压力控制阀（29）调大，这时钻井液就会进入地层液相流体流动管路，形成井漏。More preferably, the experimental equipment can realize the lost circulation simulation experiment. During the lost circulation simulation process, the drilling fluid is kept in positive circulation, the formation fluid storage tank (21) and the formation fluid metering pump (28) are turned on, the pressure is adjusted, and the formation fluid is observed. When the fluid pipeline pressure gauge (19) is equal to the bottom hole pressure gauge (36), open the valve (35), and increase the pressure control valve (23) and the fifth pressure control valve (29) of the drilling fluid circulation pipeline, At this time, the drilling fluid will enter the formation liquid phase fluid flow pipeline, forming lost circulation.

本发明的有益效果是：该方法简单易操作，可以激发学生学习的积极性，加深学生对钻井过程中溢流、井涌、井喷、井漏知识的理解和掌握。通过有效控制井底压力、地层流体压力之间的关系，有效模拟钻井液循环、气体溢流、液体溢流、气液两相溢流、井涌、井喷、井漏七种工况。The beneficial effects of the invention are: the method is simple and easy to operate, can stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning, and deepen students' understanding and mastery of knowledge about overflow, well kick, blowout and lost circulation in the drilling process. By effectively controlling the relationship between bottom hole pressure and formation fluid pressure, seven working conditions of drilling fluid circulation, gas overflow, liquid overflow, gas-liquid two-phase overflow, well kick, blowout and lost circulation can be simulated effectively.

附图说明Description of drawings

附图1是本发明的结构示意图；Accompanying drawing 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

上图中：有机玻璃内管1、有机玻璃外管2、内旋转电机3、单流阀4、钻井液循环管路压力计5、钻井液流量计6、钻井液计量泵7、钻井液储存罐8、钻井液染色装置9、立压表14、气体管路压力计15、气体流量计16、空气压缩机17、气液混合器18、地层流体管路压力计19、地层流体流量计20、地层液相流体储存罐21、地层液相流体染色装置22、井底压力表23、阀门24、气液分离器25、计算机26、控制机柜27、钻井液计量泵28、第一压力控制阀10、第二压力控制阀11、第三压力控制阀12、第四压力控制阀13、第五压力控制阀29、第六压力控制阀30、套压表31。In the picture above: plexiglass inner tube 1, plexiglass outer tube 2, internal rotating motor 3, check valve 4, drilling fluid circulation pipeline pressure gauge 5, drilling fluid flow meter 6, drilling fluid metering pump 7, drilling fluid storage Tank 8, drilling fluid dyeing device 9, standing pressure gauge 14, gas pipeline pressure gauge 15, gas flow meter 16, air compressor 17, gas-liquid mixer 18, formation fluid pipeline pressure gauge 19, formation fluid flow meter 20 , formation liquid phase fluid storage tank 21, formation liquid phase fluid dyeing device 22, bottom hole pressure gauge 23, valve 24, gas-liquid separator 25, computer 26, control cabinet 27, drilling fluid metering pump 28, first pressure control valve 10. Second pressure control valve 11 , third pressure control valve 12 , fourth pressure control valve 13 , fifth pressure control valve 29 , sixth pressure control valve 30 , casing pressure gauge 31 .

具体实施方式detailed description

结合附图1，对本发明作进一步的描述：In conjunction with accompanying drawing 1, the present invention is further described:

本发明提到的一种模拟钻井过程中地层流体溢流及井漏的实验方法，包括以下步骤：A kind of experimental method for simulating formation fluid overflow and lost circulation in the drilling process mentioned by the present invention comprises the following steps:

首先，组装实验设备，所述实验设备包括有机玻璃内管1、有机玻璃外管2、内旋转电机3、钻井液计量泵7、钻井液储存罐8、气体流量计16、空气压缩机17、气液混合器18、地层流体流量计20、地层液相流体储存罐21、气液分离器25、计算机26，所述的有机玻璃内管1、有机玻璃外管2组成实验观察管路，且实验观察管路的顶部和底部分别通过管路连接到钻井液储存罐8和地层液相流体储存罐21，形成多个循环管路；First, the experimental equipment is assembled, and the experimental equipment includes a plexiglass inner tube 1, a plexiglass outer tube 2, an internal rotating motor 3, a drilling fluid metering pump 7, a drilling fluid storage tank 8, a gas flow meter 16, an air compressor 17, Gas-liquid mixer 18, formation fluid flow meter 20, formation liquid phase fluid storage tank 21, gas-liquid separator 25, computer 26, described plexiglass inner tube 1, plexiglass outer tube 2 form the experimental observation pipeline, and Experimental observation The top and bottom of the pipeline are respectively connected to the drilling fluid storage tank 8 and the formation liquid phase fluid storage tank 21 through pipelines, forming multiple circulation pipelines;

其次，钻井液正循环实验方法是钻井液从钻井液储存罐8中流出，经钻井液计量泵7、流量计6、压力计5、第三压力控制阀12、第二压力控制阀11、立压表14，通过管道进入井筒，然后经内旋转电机3、单流阀4、有机玻璃内管1、有机玻璃内外管环空流出井筒，再经套压表31、、第四压力控制阀13、管道、气液分离器25、阀门、管道进入钻井液储存罐8；Secondly, the drilling fluid positive circulation test method is that the drilling fluid flows out from the drilling fluid storage tank 8, passes through the drilling fluid metering pump 7, the flow meter 6, the pressure gauge 5, the third pressure control valve 12, the second pressure control valve 11, the vertical The pressure gauge 14 enters the wellbore through the pipeline, then flows out of the wellbore through the inner rotating motor 3, the check valve 4, the plexiglass inner tube 1, the annulus of the plexiglass inner and outer tubes, and then passes through the casing pressure gauge 31, the fourth pressure control valve 13 , pipelines, gas-liquid separator 25, valves, and pipelines enter the drilling fluid storage tank 8;

第三，气体溢流过程实验方法是保持钻井液正循环，打开空气压缩机17，调整压力控制阀29大小，观察气体管路压力表15，大于井底压力表23时，打开阀门24，气体经气液混合器18，由管道进入有机玻璃内外管环空，形成气体溢流，然后气液混合流体经套压表31、第四压力控制阀13、管路进入气液分离器25，经分离后，气体直接排放到大气中，液相经回流管路流到钻井液储存罐；The third, the experimental method of the gas overflow process is to keep the drilling fluid positive circulation, open the air compressor 17, adjust the size of the pressure control valve 29, observe the gas pipeline pressure gauge 15, when it is greater than the bottom hole pressure gauge 23, open the valve 24, and the gas Through the gas-liquid mixer 18, the pipeline enters the annulus of the plexiglass inner and outer pipes to form a gas overflow, and then the gas-liquid mixed fluid enters the gas-liquid separator 25 through the casing pressure gauge 31, the fourth pressure control valve 13, and the pipeline, and passes through After separation, the gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere, and the liquid phase flows to the drilling fluid storage tank through the return line;

第四，地层液相流体实验方法是保持钻井液正常循环，关闭第五压力控制阀29，打开地层液相流体储存罐21、地层液相流体计量泵28，调整第六压力控制阀30大小，观察地层液相流体管路压力表19，大于井底压力表23时，打开阀门24，地层液相流体经气液混合器18，由管道进入有机玻璃内外管环空，形成地层液相流体溢流，然后气液混合流体经套压表31、第四压力控制阀13、管路进入气液分离器25，经回流管路流到钻井液储存罐8；Fourth, the formation liquid phase fluid test method is to maintain the normal circulation of the drilling fluid, close the fifth pressure control valve 29, open the formation liquid phase fluid storage tank 21, the formation liquid phase fluid metering pump 28, adjust the size of the sixth pressure control valve 30, Observe the formation liquid phase fluid pipeline pressure gauge 19, when it is greater than the bottom hole pressure gauge 23, open the valve 24, the formation liquid phase fluid passes through the gas-liquid mixer 18, and enters the annular space of the inner and outer pipes of plexiglass from the pipeline, forming formation liquid phase fluid overflow. Then the gas-liquid mixed fluid enters the gas-liquid separator 25 through the casing pressure gauge 31, the fourth pressure control valve 13 and the pipeline, and flows to the drilling fluid storage tank 8 through the return pipeline;

第五，气体溢流模拟过程中，在保持气体管路压力表15大于井底压力表23的情况下，调大第五压力控制阀29，就可以模拟不同进气量情况下的气体溢流、井涌、井喷；Fifth, during the gas overflow simulation process, under the condition that the gas pipeline pressure gauge 15 is greater than the bottom hole pressure gauge 23, the fifth pressure control valve 29 can be increased to simulate the gas overflow under different intake air volumes , blowout, blowout;

地层液相流体溢流模拟过程中，在保持地层流体管路压力表19大于井底压力表23的情况下，调大第六压力控制阀30，就可以模拟不同液相流量侵入情况下的液相溢流、井涌、井喷。During the simulation process of formation liquid phase fluid overflow, under the condition that the formation fluid pipeline pressure gauge 19 is kept larger than the bottom hole pressure gauge 23, the sixth pressure control valve 30 can be increased to simulate the liquid phase under different liquid phase flow invasion conditions. Phase overflow, well kick, blowout.

优选的，本发明的实验设备可以实现气液两相流体溢流实验，其方法是保持钻井液正常循环，同时打开第五压力控制阀29、第六压力控制阀30并调整大小，观察气相流量计16、气体管路压力表15，液相流量计20、地层流体管路压力表19，当气体管路压力表15、地层流体管路压力计19之和大于井底压力表23时，打开阀门24，气液混合器18混合后，由管道进入有机玻璃内外管环空，形成气液两相流体溢流，然后气液混合流体经套压表31、第四压力控制阀13、管路进入气液分离器25，经分离后，气体直接排放到大气中，液相经回流管路流到钻井液储存罐。Preferably, the experimental equipment of the present invention can realize the gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow experiment, and its method is to keep the drilling fluid in normal circulation, open the fifth pressure control valve 29, the sixth pressure control valve 30 and adjust the size at the same time, observe the gas phase flow rate Meter 16, gas pipeline pressure gauge 15, liquid phase flowmeter 20, formation fluid pipeline pressure gauge 19, when the sum of gas pipeline pressure gauge 15 and formation fluid pipeline pressure gauge 19 is greater than bottom hole pressure gauge 23, open After the valve 24 and the gas-liquid mixer 18 are mixed, the pipeline enters the annulus of the inner and outer pipes of the plexiglass to form a gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow, and then the gas-liquid mixed fluid passes through the casing pressure gauge 31, the fourth pressure control valve 13, and the pipeline After entering the gas-liquid separator 25, the gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere after being separated, and the liquid phase flows to the drilling fluid storage tank through the return pipeline.

进一步优选的，在气液两相流体溢流模拟过程中，在保持气体管路压力表15、地层流体管路压力表19之和大于井底压力表23的情况下，保持第五压力控制阀29不变，调大第六压力控制阀30；或者在保持气体管路压力表15、地层流体管路压力表19之和大于井底压力表23的情况下，保持第六压力控制阀30不变，调大第五压力控制阀29，两种情况下都可以模拟地层流体中不同气液混合比例情况下的溢流、井涌、井喷。Further preferably, in the gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow simulation process, under the condition that the sum of the gas pipeline pressure gauge 15 and the formation fluid pipeline pressure gauge 19 is greater than the bottom hole pressure gauge 23, keep the fifth pressure control valve 29 unchanged, increase the sixth pressure control valve 30; or keep the sum of the gas pipeline pressure gauge 15 and the formation fluid pipeline pressure gauge 19 greater than the bottom hole pressure gauge 23, keep the sixth pressure control valve 30 Change, turn up the fifth pressure control valve 29, in both cases, overflow, well kick and blowout under different gas-liquid mixing ratios in the formation fluid can be simulated.

更进一步优选的，实验设备可以实现井漏模拟实验，在井漏模拟过程中，保持钻井液正循环，打开地层流体储存罐21、地层流体计量泵28，调整压力大小，观察地层流体管路压力表19，等于井底压力表36时，打开阀门35，并把钻井液循环管路压力控制阀23、第五压力控制阀29调大，这时钻井液就会进入地层液相流体流动管路，形成井漏。More preferably, the experimental equipment can realize the lost circulation simulation experiment. During the lost circulation simulation process, the drilling fluid is kept in positive circulation, the formation fluid storage tank 21 and the formation fluid metering pump 28 are opened, the pressure is adjusted, and the pressure of the formation fluid pipeline is observed. Table 19, when it is equal to the bottom hole pressure gauge 36, open the valve 35, and increase the pressure control valve 23 and the fifth pressure control valve 29 of the drilling fluid circulation line, then the drilling fluid will enter the formation liquid phase fluid flow line , forming well leakage.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of experimental method for simulating formation fluid overflow and leakage in drilling process, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps：
First, experimental facilities is assembled, the experimental facilities includes organic glass inner tube（1）, lucite outer tube（2）, interior rotation Motor（3）, drilling fluid measuring pump（7）, drilling fluid holding vessel（8）, gas flowmeter（16）, air compressor（17）, gas-liquid mix Clutch（18）, formation fluid flowmeter（20）, stratum liquid phase fluid holding vessel（21）, gas-liquid separator（25）, computer（26）, Described lucite inner tube（1）, lucite outer tube（2）Constitute Germicidal efficacy pipeline, and the top of Germicidal efficacy pipeline and Bottom is connected to drilling fluid holding vessel by pipeline respectively（8）With stratum liquid phase fluid holding vessel（21）, form multiple circulation pipes Road；
Secondly, drilling fluid direct circulation experimental method is drilling fluid from drilling fluid holding vessel（8）Middle outflow, through drilling fluid measuring pump （7）, drilling fluid flowing indicator（6）, circulation of drilling fluid loine pressure meter（5）, the 3rd pressure-control valve（12）, second pressure control valve （11）, vertical-fracture meter（14）, pit shaft is entered by pipeline, then through interior electric rotating machine（3）, ball-and-seat（4）, lucite inner tube （1）, lucite inner and outer pipes annular space outflow pit shaft, then through casing pressure table（31）, the 4th pressure-control valve（13）, pipeline, gas-liquid point From device（25）, return line enter drilling fluid holding vessel（8）；
3rd, gas overflow process protocol is to maintain drilling fluid direct circulation, opens air compressor（17）, the pressure of adjustment the 5th Force control valve（29）Size, observes gas line pressure table（15）, more than bottom pressure table（23）When, open valve（24）, gas Body is through air and liquid mixer（18）, lucite inner and outer pipes annular space is entered by pipeline, gas overflow is formed, then gas-liquid mixture fluid Through casing pressure table（31）, the 4th pressure-control valve（13）, pipeline enter gas-liquid separator（25）, after separation, gas is directly discharged Into air, liquid phase flows to drilling fluid holding vessel through return line；
4th, stratum liquid phase fluid experimental method is to maintain drilling fluid normal circulation, closes the 5th pressure-control valve（29）, open Stratum liquid phase fluid holding vessel（21）, stratum liquid phase fluid measuring pump（28）, adjust the 6th pressure-control valve（30）Size, observation Formation fluid loine pressure table（19）, more than bottom pressure table（23）When, open valve（24）, stratum liquid phase fluid is mixed through gas-liquid Clutch（18）, lucite inner and outer pipes annular space is entered by pipeline, stratum liquid phase fluid overflow is formed, then gas-liquid mixture fluid is passed through Casing pressure table（31）, the 4th pressure-control valve（13）, pipeline enter gas-liquid separator（25）, drilling fluid storage is flowed to through return line Tank（8）；
5th, in gas overflow simulation process, keeping gas line pressure table（15）More than bottom pressure table（23）Situation Under, tune up the 5th pressure-control valve（29）, it is possible to simulate gas overflow in the case of various inlet amount, well kick, blowout；
During the liquid phase fluid simulating overflow of stratum, formation fluid loine pressure table is being kept（19）More than bottom pressure table（23） In the case of, tune up the 6th pressure-control valve（30）, it is possible to simulate liquid phase overflow in the case of the intrusion of different liquid phase flows, well Gush, blowout；
In described experimental facilities, lucite inner tube（1）Top and ball-and-seat（4）, interior electric rotating machine（3）Connection, can be with mould Intend drill string rotating；Drilling fluid dyeing apparatus is sequentially connected with pipeline（9）, drilling fluid holding vessel（8）, drilling fluid measuring pump（7）, bore Well liquid flowmeter（6）, circulation of drilling fluid loine pressure meter（5）With interior electric rotating machine（3）；
Stratum liquid phase fluid dyeing apparatus is sequentially connected with pipeline（22）, stratum liquid phase fluid holding vessel（21）, stratum liquid phase stream Body measuring pump（28）, formation fluid flowmeter（20）, formation fluid loine pressure meter（19）, gas-liquid two-phase blender（18）；With Pipeline is sequentially connected the gas compressor with holding vessel（17）, gas flowmeter（16）, gas line pressure meter（15）, gas-liquid Two-phase mixtures device（18）；Gas-liquid two-phase blender（18）With lucite outer tube（2）Bottom is connected；Gas-liquid separator（25）It is upper The organic outer glass tube of end connection（2）Top, bottom is connected to drilling fluid holding vessel（8）.
2. the experimental method of formation fluid overflow and leakage in simulation drilling process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that： Described experimental facilities can realize that gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow is tested, and its method is to maintain drilling fluid normal circulation, beaten simultaneously Drive the 5th pressure-control valve（29）, the 6th pressure-control valve（30）, and adjust the 5th pressure-control valve（29）With the 6th pressure control Valve processed（30）Size, observe gas flowmeter（16）, gas line pressure table（15）, formation fluid flowmeter（20）, stratum Fluid circuit pressure gauge（19）, when gas line pressure table（15）, formation fluid loine pressure meter（19）Sum is pressed more than shaft bottom Power table（23）When, open valve（24）, air and liquid mixer（18）After mixing, lucite inner and outer pipes annular space, shape are entered by pipeline Into gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow, then gas-liquid mixture fluid is through casing pressure table（31）, the 4th pressure-control valve（13）, pipeline enter gas Liquid/gas separator（25）, after separation, gas is directly discharged in air, and liquid phase flows to drilling fluid holding vessel through return line.
3. the experimental method of formation fluid overflow and leakage in simulation drilling process according to claim 2, it is characterized in that： During gas-liquid two-phase fluid simulating overflow, gas line pressure table is being kept（15）, formation fluid loine pressure table（19） Sum is more than bottom pressure table（23）In the case of, keep the 5th pressure-control valve（29）It is constant, tune up the 6th pressure-control valve （30）；Or keeping gas line pressure table（15）, formation fluid loine pressure table（19）Sum is more than bottom pressure table （23）In the case of, keep the 6th pressure-control valve（30）It is constant, tune up the 5th pressure-control valve（29）, all may be used in the case of two kinds With the overflow under different gas-liquid mixed ratio situations in simulated formation fluid, well kick, blowout.
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