CN104897458B - A multi-phase multi-field coupled anchor combined deformation testing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多相多场耦合锚固体组合变形试验系统及方法，三轴加载装置与锚杆或锚索力学性能试验机配套使用，所述的三轴加载装置为六面体，包括三组两两相对设置的压力装置，每个压力装置分别设有一个电磁控制阀并与液压系统连接；可对锚固组合体中的煤岩试样施加预应力的情况下,进行锚杆或锚索的拉压、扭转、弯曲及剪切等力学试验；另外可对锚固组合体进行群锚效应试验；同时设备还包括温度效应试验系统和化学效应试验系统，通过调节系统的温度及注入各种化学溶剂和气体，改变试样所处的温度场、化学场，从而开展锚固组合体在应力场、温度场、化学场、固、液、气等多场多相耦合作用下的力学试验，为后续的研究和工程设计提供理论支持。
The invention discloses a combined deformation test system and method for multi-phase multi-field coupling anchor body. A three-axis loading device is used in conjunction with a mechanical performance testing machine for anchor rods or anchor cables. The three-axis loading device is a hexahedron and includes three sets of The pressure devices are arranged in pairs, and each pressure device is equipped with an electromagnetic control valve and connected to the hydraulic system; when the prestress is applied to the coal and rock samples in the anchorage assembly, the bolt or anchor cable can be tightened. Mechanical tests such as tension and compression, torsion, bending and shearing; in addition, group anchor effect tests can be carried out on anchorage assemblies; at the same time, the equipment also includes temperature effect test systems and chemical effect test systems, by adjusting the temperature of the system and injecting various chemical solvents and gas, change the temperature field and chemical field where the sample is located, so as to carry out the mechanical test of the anchorage assembly under the multi-phase coupling action of stress field, temperature field, chemical field, solid, liquid, gas, etc., for the follow-up Research and engineering design provide theoretical support.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种多相多场耦合锚固体组合变形测试方法，属于力学性能测试技术领域。The invention relates to a method for testing combined deformation of multiphase and multifield coupling anchor bodies, and belongs to the technical field of mechanical performance testing.
背景技术Background technique
岩土工程中，采用锚杆或锚索锚固技术，利用锚杆或锚索将破碎或者不稳定岩土体与稳定岩土体连接在一起，来提高工程岩体的整体稳定性，显著节约工程材料，有利于施工安全，已经成为提高岩土工程稳定性和解决复杂的岩土工程问题最有效的方法之一。与喷锚挂网等传统支护方法相比，锚杆或锚索支护可以在岩土体开挖后能及时和快速地提供支护，主动地加固岩土体，有效地控制岩土体变形，保护地层的原有强度、提高软弱或潜在滑动面的抗剪强度，使岩土体应力状态朝稳定方向发展，能有效地防止岩土体坍塌破坏等优点。因此，锚杆或锚索锚固技术广泛应用于矿山、交通、水利水电、地质等隧道、边坡、山体加固工程中。In geotechnical engineering, the bolt or anchor cable anchoring technology is used to connect the broken or unstable rock and soil mass with the stable rock and soil mass to improve the overall stability of the engineering rock mass and significantly save engineering Materials, which are conducive to construction safety, have become one of the most effective ways to improve the stability of geotechnical engineering and solve complex geotechnical problems. Compared with traditional support methods such as spray anchors and hanging nets, bolt or anchor cable support can provide timely and rapid support after rock and soil excavation, actively strengthen rock and soil, and effectively control rock and soil. Deformation, protect the original strength of the formation, improve the shear strength of the weak or potential sliding surface, make the stress state of the rock and soil develop towards a stable direction, and effectively prevent the collapse and damage of the rock and soil. Therefore, bolt or anchor cable anchoring technology is widely used in mines, transportation, water conservancy and hydropower, geology and other tunnels, slopes, and mountain reinforcement projects.
现在锚杆或锚索本体的检测主要是采用锚杆或锚索力学性能试验机对锚杆或锚索本体进行拉压、扭转、弯曲及剪切力的试验，由于矿井下情况复杂，锚杆或锚索在井下的受力情况一般也与锚固后的岩石或煤体所受的力的情况相关，锚杆或锚索锚固后会承受拉力、扭力、弯曲力及横向剪切力，目前并没有一种可同时对锚固后的锚杆或锚索(即锚固组合体)进行上述力的试验；采用目前这种试验机会导致锚杆或锚索试验与实际差距较大，使得试验测量的不全面，无法为后续研究提供数据支持；另外矿井下的岩石或煤体其力学性能和锚杆或锚索锚固后的性能与所处的环境也有密切关系，如温度、湿度、气体的浓度，液体PH值等都会影响锚固组合体的力学性能，只有接近矿井下实际情况才能真正的测量到所需的锚杆组合体的力学性能，便于锚杆或锚索在矿井下的实际应用。At present, the detection of the anchor rod or anchor cable body is mainly to use the anchor rod or anchor cable mechanical performance testing machine to carry out tension, compression, torsion, bending and shear force tests on the anchor rod or anchor cable body. Or the stress of the anchor cable in the underground is generally related to the force of the anchored rock or coal body. After the anchor rod or anchor cable is anchored, it will bear tension, torsion, bending, and transverse shear. There is no one that can carry out the above-mentioned force test on the anchored anchor rod or anchor cable (that is, the anchor assembly) at the same time; the use of the current test opportunity will lead to a large gap between the anchor rod or anchor cable test and the actual situation, making the test measurement inaccurate. Comprehensive, unable to provide data support for follow-up research; in addition, the mechanical properties of rock or coal in mines and the performance of anchor rods or anchor cables after anchoring are also closely related to the environment, such as temperature, humidity, gas concentration, liquid The PH value will affect the mechanical properties of the anchor assembly. Only when it is close to the actual situation in the mine can the mechanical properties of the required anchor assembly be truly measured, which is convenient for the actual application of the anchor or anchor cable in the mine.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种多相多场耦合锚固体组合变形测试方法，可对锚固组合体进行拉压、扭转、弯曲及剪切的力学试验，同时能使锚固组合体处于模拟矿井下的环境进行试验，使试验的情况与实际情况相似，提高试验试样所得数据与矿下实际情况得到的数据更接近。In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a multi-phase multi-field coupling anchor combination deformation testing method, which can perform mechanical tests of tension, compression, torsion, bending and shearing on the anchor combination, and at the same time make the anchor combination The body is tested in the environment of simulating the mine, so that the test situation is similar to the actual situation, and the data obtained by improving the test sample is closer to the data obtained by the actual situation in the mine.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：该种多相多场耦合锚固体组合变形试验系统，包括锚杆或锚索力学性能试验机、三轴加载装置、数据处理系统、显示装置、报警装置、数据传输装置、扫描监测装置和锚固组合体监测系统，三轴加载装置设置在锚杆或锚索力学性能试验机的一端，所述的三轴加载装置为六面体，包括三组两两相对设置的压力装置，每个压力装置分别设有一个电磁控制阀并与液压系统连接，电磁控制阀与数据处理系统连接；数据处理系统分别与锚固组合体监测系统、报警装置、显示装置、数据传输装置和扫描监测装置连接。In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: the combined deformation test system of multi-phase multi-field coupling anchor body, including the mechanical performance testing machine of anchor rod or anchor cable, triaxial loading device, data processing system, display device, Alarm device, data transmission device, scanning monitoring device and anchorage assembly monitoring system, the triaxial loading device is set at one end of the anchor rod or anchor cable mechanical performance testing machine, and the triaxial loading device is a hexahedron, including three groups of two Relatively set pressure devices, each pressure device is equipped with an electromagnetic control valve and connected to the hydraulic system, and the electromagnetic control valve is connected to the data processing system; the data processing system is connected to the anchoring assembly monitoring system, alarm device, display device, data The transmission device is connected with the scanning monitoring device.
进一步，还包括箱体及温度效应试验系统，所述的温度效应试验系统包括温度传感器、热电偶和冷却液喷吹装置，温度传感器、热电偶和冷却液喷吹装置设置在箱体内，温度传感器、热电偶和冷却液喷吹装置分别与数据处理系统连接。增加温度效应试验系统能保证锚固组合体的煤岩试样处于各种温度下进行试验，得出相应的数据。Further, it also includes a box body and a temperature effect test system, the temperature effect test system includes a temperature sensor, a thermocouple and a coolant injection device, the temperature sensor, a thermocouple and a coolant injection device are arranged in the box, and the temperature sensor , the thermocouple and the coolant injection device are respectively connected with the data processing system. The addition of a temperature effect test system can ensure that the coal and rock samples of the anchorage assembly are tested at various temperatures to obtain corresponding data.
进一步，还包括化学效应试验系统，所述的化学效应试验系统包括PH值检测装置，所述的PH值检测装置设置在箱体内，PH值检测装置与数据处理系统连接。增加化学效应试验系统可使锚固组合体的煤岩试样处于各种PH不同的溶液下进行试验，然后得出相应的数据。Further, it also includes a chemical effect test system, the chemical effect test system includes a pH value detection device, the pH value detection device is arranged in the box, and the pH value detection device is connected with the data processing system. Adding the chemical effect test system can make the coal and rock samples of the anchoring combination be tested under various solutions with different pH, and then obtain corresponding data.
进一步，所述的化学效应试验系统中的箱体设有进气口和出气口，在进气口和出气口处各设有一个气体流量检测装置，箱体内部设有气体浓度检测装置，所述的气体流量检测装置和气体浓度检测装置分别与数据处理系统连接。增加进气口和出气口，可使锚固组合体的煤岩试样处于各种气体情况下进行试验，然后得出相应的数据。Further, the box in the chemical effect test system is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and a gas flow detection device is respectively provided at the air inlet and the air outlet, and a gas concentration detection device is provided inside the box, so The gas flow detection device and the gas concentration detection device described above are respectively connected to the data processing system. Adding an air inlet and an air outlet can make the coal and rock samples of the anchoring combination be tested under various gas conditions, and then obtain corresponding data.
进一步，还包括光谱分析仪、质谱分析仪和衍射分析仪，光谱分析仪、质谱分析仪和衍射分析仪与数据处理系统连接。便于采集的煤岩试样进行组分测定，并进行分类处理。Further, it also includes a spectrum analyzer, a mass spectrum analyzer and a diffraction analyzer, and the spectrum analyzer, the mass spectrum analyzer and the diffraction analyzer are connected with the data processing system. The conveniently collected coal and rock samples are used for component determination and classified processing.
进一步，所述的扫描监测装置可以为红外监测装置、声发射监测装置、无损探伤监测装置、CT扫描装置、雷达监测装置中的一种或多种组合；采用不同的监测装置可得出锚固组合体内部的各种情况，便于后续的研究。Further, the scanning monitoring device can be one or more combinations of infrared monitoring device, acoustic emission monitoring device, non-destructive flaw detection monitoring device, CT scanning device, radar monitoring device; the anchoring combination can be obtained by using different monitoring devices Various conditions inside the body are convenient for follow-up research.
进一步，所述的锚固组合体监测系统包括锚固组合体轴向监测装置和锚固组合体力学参数采集装置；锚固组合体轴向监测装置可以采集在试验时锚固组合体的轴向载荷和轴向位移数据；锚固组合体力学参数采集装置可以采集在试验时锚固组合体所受的扭矩、扭转切应力、弯矩、剪力、弯曲正应力、弯曲切应力、剪切应力等力学参数，便于后续分析。Further, the anchoring assembly monitoring system includes an axial monitoring device for the anchoring assembly and a mechanical parameter acquisition device for the anchoring assembly; the axial monitoring device for the anchoring assembly can collect the axial load and axial displacement of the anchoring assembly during the test Data: The mechanical parameter acquisition device of the anchorage assembly can collect mechanical parameters such as torque, torsional shear stress, bending moment, shear force, bending normal stress, bending shear stress, and shear stress on the anchorage assembly during the test, which is convenient for subsequent analysis .
进一步，所述的压力装置为一个或多个液压油缸。Further, the pressure device is one or more hydraulic cylinders.
进一步，所述的液压系统包括六个液压泵，每个液压泵站分别与一个压力装置连接。使用六个液压泵保证每个液压泵供给一个压力装置，便于压力装置的单独控制。Further, the hydraulic system includes six hydraulic pumps, and each hydraulic pump station is respectively connected with a pressure device. The use of six hydraulic pumps ensures that each hydraulic pump supplies a pressure device, facilitating individual control of the pressure devices.
一种多相多场耦合锚固体组合变形试验方法，具体步骤为：A multi-phase multi-field coupling anchor combined deformation test method, the specific steps are:
Ⅰ、锚固组合体力学性能试验：Ⅰ. Mechanical performance test of anchoring combination:
A.通过光谱分析仪、质谱分析仪和衍射分析仪对采集的煤岩试样进行分析，确定各个煤岩试样中各种物质的组分，然后进行分类；由于煤岩试样中各种物质的组分不同会影响煤岩试样的力学性能，通过光谱分析仪、质谱分析仪和衍射分析仪分析测定后，划分组分范围，对煤岩试样进行分类，分别进行带有不同煤岩试样的锚固组合体的力学性能试验，提高试验精确度；A. Analyze the collected coal and rock samples by spectrum analyzer, mass spectrometer and diffraction analyzer, determine the components of various substances in each coal and rock sample, and then classify them; The different components of the material will affect the mechanical properties of the coal rock sample. After the analysis and measurement by the spectrum analyzer, the mass spectrometer and the diffraction analyzer, the composition range is divided, the coal rock samples are classified, and the coal rock samples with different coal samples are analyzed and measured. The mechanical performance test of the anchorage combination of rock samples to improve the accuracy of the test;
B.将锚杆或锚索按照材质、形状、螺纹结构及锚固剂类型进行分类，使分类后的锚杆或锚索无差异化；由于锚杆或锚索的材质、形状、螺纹结构及锚固剂类型的不同都对锚固组合体的力学性能产生影响，因此分类进行试验；B. Classify the anchor rod or anchor cable according to the material, shape, thread structure and anchoring agent type, so that there is no difference between the classified anchor rod or anchor cable; due to the material, shape, thread structure and anchorage of the anchor rod or anchor cable Different types of agents have an impact on the mechanical properties of the anchorage assembly, so tests are conducted by category;
C.将分类后的煤岩试样与锚索或锚杆固定形成锚固组合体；C. Fix the classified coal rock sample with the anchor cable or anchor rod to form an anchor combination;
D.将锚固组合体的煤岩试样部分放置在三轴加载装置中，然后调节三轴之间的角度后固定；可任意调节所需的预应力的加载角度；D. Place the coal and rock sample part of the anchorage assembly in the triaxial loading device, and then fix it after adjusting the angle between the three axes; the required prestressed loading angle can be adjusted arbitrarily;
E.通过数据处理系统控制三轴加载装置上各个压力装置对煤岩试样施加预应力；由于采用单独控制，这样就可以控制每个压力装置的压力值及施压预应力的时间，同时可单独进行压力的卸载；E. Through the data processing system to control each pressure device on the triaxial loading device to apply prestress to the coal rock sample; due to the use of separate control, it is possible to control the pressure value of each pressure device and the time of pressure prestressing, and at the same time Separate pressure unloading;
F.锚固组合体的锚杆或锚索部分放置于锚杆或锚索力学性能试验机的锚索试验位置；F. The anchor rod or anchor cable part of the anchorage combination is placed in the anchor cable test position of the anchor rod or anchor cable mechanical performance testing machine;
G.锚杆或锚索力学性能试验机对锚固组合体的锚杆或锚索部分进行拉压、扭转、弯曲及剪切的一种或多种组合的力学试验，同时通过数据处理系统控制三轴加载装置上各个压力装置对锚固组合体的煤岩试样部分施加预应力；然后将锚杆或锚索力学性能试验机对锚杆或锚索施加的拉压力、扭转力、弯曲力及剪切力的数据、扫描监测装置采集到的数据及液压系统中各个压力装置的压力值传送给数据处理系统进行分析处理；G. Anchor rod or anchor cable mechanical performance testing machine performs one or more combined mechanical tests of tension and compression, torsion, bending and shearing on the anchor rod or anchor cable part of the anchorage combination, and controls the three through the data processing system at the same time. Each pressure device on the axial loading device applies prestress to the coal and rock sample part of the anchorage combination; The shear force data, the data collected by the scanning monitoring device and the pressure value of each pressure device in the hydraulic system are transmitted to the data processing system for analysis and processing;
H.重复上述步骤D～G，可调整三轴之间的角度值、各个压力装置对岩石施加的预应力值、锚杆或锚索力学性能试验机对锚杆或锚索的拉压力、扭转力、弯曲力及剪切力值，采用单根或多根的锚杆或锚索与煤岩试样形成锚固组合体，在多根锚杆或锚索的一端与煤岩试样锚固时，其另一端通过螺栓与固定板连接，固定板在与锚杆或锚索力学性能试验机连接，然后通过螺栓可调整各个锚杆或锚索在煤岩试样与固定板之间的长度；最后通过数据处理系统得出施加各种大小不同的力情况下及采用各种组分不同的煤岩试样，进行锚固组合体的力学性能试验，通过采用红外监测装置、声发射监测装置、无损探伤监测装置、CT扫描装置、雷达监测装置中的一种或多种组合，得出锚固组合体内部的裂隙、断面及裂隙发育情况的相应试验数据；H. Repeat the above steps D to G to adjust the angle value between the three axes, the prestress value applied to the rock by each pressure device, the tensile pressure and torsion of the anchor rod or anchor cable mechanical performance testing machine on the anchor rod or anchor cable Force, bending force and shear force value, using single or multiple anchor rods or anchor cables and coal rock samples to form an anchor combination, when one end of multiple anchor rods or anchor cables is anchored to coal rock samples, The other end is connected with the fixed plate by bolts, and the fixed plate is connected with the anchor rod or anchor cable mechanical performance testing machine, and then the length of each anchor rod or anchor cable between the coal sample and the fixed plate can be adjusted through bolts; finally Through the data processing system, it is obtained that under the conditions of applying various forces of different sizes and using various coal and rock samples with different components, the mechanical performance test of the anchorage combination is carried out. By using infrared monitoring devices, acoustic emission monitoring devices, and non-destructive testing One or more combinations of monitoring devices, CT scanning devices, and radar monitoring devices can be used to obtain the corresponding test data of cracks, cross-sections and crack development inside the anchorage assembly;
Ⅱ、对煤岩试样进行注浆后的锚固组合体力学性能试验：Ⅱ. Mechanical property test of anchoring combination after grouting coal and rock samples:
①上述步骤Ⅰ中试验后监测到煤岩试样内部裂隙位置，采用钻进装置对锚固组合体中的煤岩试样进行钻孔；① After the test in the above step I, the internal crack position of the coal and rock sample is monitored, and the drilling device is used to drill the coal and rock sample in the anchorage assembly;
②通过钻孔向煤岩试样内部裂隙中注浆，停止后进行步骤Ⅰ中的锚固组合体力学性能试验，得出在注浆情况下的锚固组合体的力学性能参数；②Inject grout into the internal cracks of the coal and rock samples through drilling holes, and then conduct the mechanical performance test of the anchorage assembly in step I after stopping, to obtain the mechanical performance parameters of the anchorage assembly under the condition of grouting;
Ⅲ、在化学效应系统中锚固组合体力学性能试验：Ⅲ. Mechanical performance test of anchoring combination in chemical effect system:
a.将锚固组合体放置在化学效应系统中，通过对煤岩试样浸泡在不同PH值的溶液后进行步骤Ⅰ和Ⅱ中的锚固组合体力学性能试验，通过PH检测装置将实时的PH值传递给数据处理系统，进而得出在各个PH值溶液下锚固组合体的力学性能参数；a. Place the anchoring assembly in the chemical effect system, conduct the mechanical performance test of the anchoring assembly in steps I and II after soaking the coal rock samples in solutions of different pH values, and check the real-time pH value through the pH detection device Pass it to the data processing system, and then obtain the mechanical performance parameters of the anchoring combination under each pH value solution;
b.将锚固组合体浸泡在化学效应系统中的溶液时，通过进气口对箱体内注入各种气体后进行步骤Ⅰ和Ⅱ中的锚固组合体力学性能试验，通过设置在进气口和出气口的气体流量检测装置记录注入气体和排除气体的流量值，气体浓度检测装置实时检测容器箱体内的气体浓度值，将上述测量的数据均传递给数据处理系统，进而得出在各种气体及其不同的浓度的情况和通过进出口的流量情况得出煤岩试样对各种气体的吸收情况下的锚固组合体力学性能的试验参数；b. When the anchoring assembly is soaked in the solution of the chemical effect system, various gases are injected into the box through the air inlet, and then the mechanical performance test of the anchoring assembly in steps I and II is carried out. The gas flow detection device at the gas port records the flow values of injected gas and exhausted gas, and the gas concentration detection device detects the gas concentration value in the container box in real time, and transmits the above-mentioned measured data to the data processing system, and then obtains the flow rate of various gases and The test parameters of the mechanical properties of the anchorage assembly under the condition of the coal rock sample absorbing various gases are obtained from the different concentrations and the flow conditions through the inlet and outlet;
Ⅳ、在温度效应系统中锚固组合体力学性能试验：Ⅳ. Mechanical performance test of anchoring combination in temperature effect system:
将锚固组合体放置在温度效应系统中，通过数据处理系统控制热电偶加热或冷却液喷吹装置冷冻，使煤岩试样处于各种不同的温度下进行步骤Ⅰ和Ⅱ中的锚固组合体力学性能试验，得出在各种温度情况下锚固组合体的力学性能参数；The anchoring assembly is placed in the temperature effect system, and the thermocouple heating or the cooling liquid injection device is controlled by the data processing system to freeze the coal and rock samples at various temperatures to perform the mechanical analysis of the anchoring assembly in steps Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Performance test to obtain the mechanical performance parameters of the anchoring combination under various temperature conditions;
Ⅴ、综合环境下锚固组合体力学性能试验：Ⅴ. Mechanical performance test of anchoring combination in comprehensive environment:
将锚固组合体放置在温度效应系统和化学效应系统中，可模拟最接近矿井下环境的情况下进行步骤Ⅰ和Ⅱ中的锚固组合体力学性能试验，可综合得出在上述各种情况下锚固组合体的力学性能参数；若测量数值异常，可通过数据处理系统中的报警装置，提示相关人员进行及时处理；Place the anchoring assembly in the temperature effect system and chemical effect system, and conduct the mechanical performance test of the anchoring assembly in steps Ⅰ and Ⅱ under the condition closest to the mine underground environment, and it can be comprehensively obtained that the anchorage in the above-mentioned various situations is The mechanical performance parameters of the assembly; if the measured value is abnormal, the alarm device in the data processing system can be used to prompt relevant personnel to deal with it in time;
Ⅵ、综合分析处理：将上述各个步骤得出的各种数据进行综合汇总，然后分析对比锚固组合体在各个环境中所得出的力学性能参数，得出各种环境下对锚固组合体力学性能的影响情况。Ⅵ. Comprehensive analysis and processing: the various data obtained from the above steps are comprehensively summarized, and then the mechanical performance parameters of the anchorage assembly in various environments are analyzed and compared, and the mechanical properties of the anchorage assembly in various environments are obtained. affect the situation.
与现有技术相比，本发明采用三轴加载装置、数据处理系统、化学效应试验系统和温度效应试样系统相结合可对锚固组合体中的煤岩试样施加预应力的情况下进行拉压、扭转、弯曲及剪切力的力学试验；另外可进行群锚效应的锚固组合体试验，而且由于采用温度效应试验系统和化学效应试验系统，通过调节系统的温度及注入各种不同的化学溶剂和各种气体，改变岩样所处的温度场、化学场，同时结合岩样所受的应力场，从而得到锚固组合体在应力场、温度场、化学场、固、液、气等多场多相耦合作用下的力学特征，为后续的研究提供数据支持。另外测量煤岩试样在注浆情况下的锚固组合体的力学性能参数，同时能使锚固组合体的煤岩试样处于模拟矿井下的环境进行试验，使试验的情况与实际情况相似，提高试验试样所得数据与矿下实际情况得到的数据更接近。Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the combination of the triaxial loading device, the data processing system, the chemical effect test system and the temperature effect sample system, so that the coal and rock samples in the anchorage assembly can be pulled under the condition of prestressing. Mechanical tests of compression, torsion, bending and shearing force; in addition, the anchoring combination test of group anchor effect can be carried out, and due to the use of temperature effect test system and chemical effect test system, by adjusting the temperature of the system and injecting various chemical Solvents and various gases change the temperature field and chemical field of the rock sample, and at the same time combine the stress field of the rock sample, so as to obtain the anchorage combination in the stress field, temperature field, chemical field, solid, liquid, gas, etc. The mechanical characteristics under the action of field multiphase coupling will provide data support for subsequent research. In addition, the mechanical performance parameters of the anchoring combination of the coal and rock samples under the condition of grouting are measured, and at the same time, the coal and rock samples of the anchoring combination can be tested in a simulated mine environment, so that the test situation is similar to the actual situation, and the improvement can be improved. The data obtained from the test sample is closer to the data obtained from the actual situation in the mine.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2是图1的A向的局部剖视图；Fig. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of A direction in Fig. 1;
图3是本发明中单根锚杆形成的锚固组合体示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the anchor combination that single anchor rod forms among the present invention;
图4是图3的B向剖视图；Fig. 4 is a B-direction sectional view of Fig. 3;
图5是本发明中多根锚杆形成的锚固组合体示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an anchoring assembly formed by a plurality of anchor rods in the present invention;
图6是本发明中温度效应系统的结构示意图；Fig. 6 is the structural representation of temperature effect system among the present invention;
图7是本发明中化学效应系统的结构示意图；Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the chemical effect system in the present invention;
图8是本发明的整体电原理图。Fig. 8 is an overall electrical principle diagram of the present invention.
图中：1、三轴加载装置，2、锚索力学性能试验机，3、箱体，4、温度传感器，5、热电偶，6、气体流量检测装置，7、气体浓度检测装置，8、PH值检测装置，9、冷却液喷吹装置。In the figure: 1. Triaxial loading device, 2. Anchor cable mechanical performance testing machine, 3. Box body, 4. Temperature sensor, 5. Thermocouple, 6. Gas flow detection device, 7. Gas concentration detection device, 8. PH value detection device, 9. Coolant injection device.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
如图1至图8所示，本发明包括锚杆或锚索力学性能试验机、三轴加载装置1、数据处理系统、显示装置、报警装置、数据传输装置、扫描监测装置和锚固组合体监测系统，三轴加载装置1设置在锚杆或锚索力学性能试验机2的一端，所述的三轴加载装置1为六面体，包括三组两两相对设置的压力装置，每个压力装置分别设有一个电磁控制阀并与液压系统连接，电磁控制阀与数据处理系统连接；数据处理系统分别与锚固组合体监测系统、报警装置、显示装置、数据传输装置和扫描监测装置连接。As shown in Figures 1 to 8, the present invention includes a bolt or anchor cable mechanical performance testing machine, a triaxial loading device 1, a data processing system, a display device, an alarm device, a data transmission device, a scanning monitoring device and an anchoring assembly monitoring system, the triaxial loading device 1 is arranged on one end of the bolt or anchor cable mechanical performance testing machine 2, and the described triaxial loading device 1 is a hexahedron, including three groups of pressure devices arranged oppositely in pairs, and each pressure device is respectively set There is an electromagnetic control valve and is connected with the hydraulic system, and the electromagnetic control valve is connected with the data processing system; the data processing system is respectively connected with the anchor assembly monitoring system, the alarm device, the display device, the data transmission device and the scanning monitoring device.
进一步，还包括箱体3及温度效应试验系统，所述的温度效应试验系统包括温度传感器4、热电偶5和冷却液喷吹装置9，温度传感器4、热电偶5和冷却液喷吹装置9设置在箱体3内，温度传感器4、热电偶5和冷却液喷吹装置9分别与数据处理系统连接。增加温度效应试验系统能保证锚固组合体的煤岩试样处于各种温度下进行试验，得出相应的数据。Further, it also includes a casing 3 and a temperature effect test system, and the temperature effect test system includes a temperature sensor 4, a thermocouple 5 and a coolant injection device 9, a temperature sensor 4, a thermocouple 5 and a coolant injection device 9 Arranged in the box body 3, the temperature sensor 4, the thermocouple 5 and the cooling liquid spraying device 9 are respectively connected with the data processing system. The addition of a temperature effect test system can ensure that the coal and rock samples of the anchorage assembly are tested at various temperatures to obtain corresponding data.
进一步，还包括化学效应试验系统，所述的化学效应试验系统包括PH值检测装置8，所述的PH值检测装置8设置在箱体3内，PH值检测装置8与数据处理系统连接。增加化学效应试验系统可使锚固组合体的煤岩试样处于各种PH不同的溶液下进行试验，然后得出相应的数据。Further, it also includes a chemical effect test system, the chemical effect test system includes a pH value detection device 8, the pH value detection device 8 is arranged in the box body 3, and the pH value detection device 8 is connected with the data processing system. Adding the chemical effect test system can make the coal and rock samples of the anchoring combination be tested under various solutions with different pH, and then obtain corresponding data.
进一步，所述的化学效应试验系统中的箱体设有进气口和出气口，在进气口和出气口处各设有一个气体流量检测装置6，箱体3内部设有气体浓度检测装置7，所述的气体流量检测装置6和气体浓度检测装置7分别与数据处理系统连接。增加进气口和出气口，可使锚固组合体的煤岩试样处于各种气体情况下进行试验，然后得出相应的数据。Further, the box in the chemical effect test system is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and a gas flow detection device 6 is respectively provided at the air inlet and the air outlet, and a gas concentration detection device is provided inside the box body 3 7. The gas flow detection device 6 and the gas concentration detection device 7 are respectively connected to the data processing system. Adding an air inlet and an air outlet can make the coal and rock samples of the anchoring combination be tested under various gas conditions, and then obtain corresponding data.
进一步，还包括光谱分析仪、质谱分析仪和衍射分析仪，光谱分析仪、质谱分析仪和衍射分析仪与数据处理系统连接。便于采集的煤岩试样进行组分测定，并进行分类处理。Further, it also includes a spectrum analyzer, a mass spectrum analyzer and a diffraction analyzer, and the spectrum analyzer, the mass spectrum analyzer and the diffraction analyzer are connected with the data processing system. The conveniently collected coal and rock samples are used for component determination and classified processing.
进一步，所述的扫描监测装置可以为红外监测装置、声发射监测装置、无损探伤监测装置、CT扫描装置、雷达监测装置中的一种或多种组合；采用不同的监测装置可得出锚固组合体内部的各种情况，便于后续的研究。Further, the scanning monitoring device can be one or more combinations of infrared monitoring device, acoustic emission monitoring device, non-destructive flaw detection monitoring device, CT scanning device, radar monitoring device; the anchoring combination can be obtained by using different monitoring devices Various conditions inside the body are convenient for follow-up research.
进一步，所述的锚固组合体监测系统包括锚固组合体轴向监测装置和锚固组合体力学参数采集装置；锚固组合体轴向监测装置可以采集在试验时锚固组合体的轴向载荷和轴向位移数据；锚固组合体力学参数采集装置可以采集在试验时锚固组合体所受的扭矩、扭转切应力、弯矩、剪力、弯曲正应力、弯曲切应力、剪切应力等力学参数，便于后续分析。Further, the anchoring assembly monitoring system includes an axial monitoring device for the anchoring assembly and a mechanical parameter acquisition device for the anchoring assembly; the axial monitoring device for the anchoring assembly can collect the axial load and axial displacement of the anchoring assembly during the test Data: The mechanical parameter acquisition device of the anchorage assembly can collect mechanical parameters such as torque, torsional shear stress, bending moment, shear force, bending normal stress, bending shear stress, and shear stress on the anchorage assembly during the test, which is convenient for subsequent analysis .
进一步，所述的压力装置为一个或多个液压油缸。Further, the pressure device is one or more hydraulic cylinders.
进一步，所述的液压系统包括六个液压泵，每个液压泵站分别与一个压力装置连接。使用六个液压泵保证每个液压泵供给一个压力装置，便于压力装置的单独控制。Further, the hydraulic system includes six hydraulic pumps, and each hydraulic pump station is respectively connected with a pressure device. The use of six hydraulic pumps ensures that each hydraulic pump supplies a pressure device, facilitating individual control of the pressure devices.
一种多相多场耦合锚固体组合变形试验方法，具体步骤为：A multi-phase multi-field coupling anchor combined deformation test method, the specific steps are:
Ⅰ、锚固组合体力学性能试验：Ⅰ. Mechanical performance test of anchoring combination:
A.通过光谱分析仪、质谱分析仪和衍射分析仪对采集的煤岩试样进行分析，确定各个煤岩试样中各种物质的组分，然后进行分类；由于煤岩试样中各种物质的组分不同会影响煤岩试样的力学性能，通过光谱分析仪、质谱分析仪和衍射分析仪分析测定后，划分组分范围，对煤岩试样进行分类，分别进行带有不同煤岩试样的锚固组合体的力学性能试验，提高试验精确度；上述的煤岩试样也可替换为与煤岩试样相似的材料进行试验；A. Analyze the collected coal and rock samples by spectrum analyzer, mass spectrometer and diffraction analyzer, determine the components of various substances in each coal and rock sample, and then classify them; The different components of the material will affect the mechanical properties of the coal rock sample. After the analysis and measurement by the spectrum analyzer, the mass spectrometer and the diffraction analyzer, the composition range is divided, the coal rock samples are classified, and the coal rock samples with different coal samples are analyzed and measured. The mechanical performance test of the anchoring combination of the rock sample improves the test accuracy; the above-mentioned coal rock sample can also be replaced with a material similar to the coal rock sample for testing;
B.将锚杆或锚索按照材质、形状、螺纹结构及锚固剂类型进行分类，使分类后的锚杆或锚索无差异化；由于锚杆或锚索的材质、形状、螺纹结构及锚固剂类型的不同都对锚固组合体的力学性能产生影响，因此分类进行试验；B. Classify the anchor rod or anchor cable according to the material, shape, thread structure and anchoring agent type, so that there is no difference between the classified anchor rod or anchor cable; due to the material, shape, thread structure and anchorage of the anchor rod or anchor cable Different types of agents have an impact on the mechanical properties of the anchorage assembly, so tests are conducted by category;
C.将分类后的煤岩试样与锚索或锚杆固定形成锚固组合体；C. Fix the classified coal rock sample with the anchor cable or anchor rod to form an anchor combination;
D.将锚固组合体的煤岩试样部分放置在三轴加载装置1中，然后调节三轴之间的角度后固定；可任意调节所需的预应力的加载角度；D. Place the coal and rock sample part of the anchorage assembly in the triaxial loading device 1, then adjust the angle between the three axes and then fix it; the required prestressed loading angle can be adjusted arbitrarily;
E.通过数据处理系统控制三轴加载装置1上各个压力装置对煤岩试样施加预应力；由于采用单独控制，这样就可以控制每个压力装置的压力值及施压预应力的时间，同时可单独进行压力的卸载；E. Each pressure device on the triaxial loading device 1 is controlled by the data processing system to apply prestress to the coal rock sample; due to the use of separate control, the pressure value of each pressure device and the time of applying pressure prestress can be controlled like this, and at the same time The pressure can be unloaded independently;
F.锚固组合体的锚杆或锚索部分放置于锚杆或锚索力学性能试验机的锚索试验位置；F. The anchor rod or anchor cable part of the anchorage combination is placed in the anchor cable test position of the anchor rod or anchor cable mechanical performance testing machine;
G.锚杆或锚索力学性能试验机2对锚固组合体的锚杆或锚索部分进行拉压、扭转、弯曲及剪切的一种或多种组合的力学试验，同时通过数据处理系统控制三轴加载装置1上各个压力装置对锚固组合体的煤岩试样部分施加预应力；然后将锚杆或锚索力学性能试验机2对锚杆或锚索施加的拉压力、扭转力、弯曲力及剪切力的数据、扫描监测装置采集到的数据及液压系统中各个压力装置的压力值传送给数据处理系统进行分析处理；G. Anchor rod or anchor cable mechanical performance testing machine 2 Perform one or more combined mechanical tests on the anchor rod or anchor cable part of the anchorage combination, including tension and compression, torsion, bending and shearing, and at the same time controlled by the data processing system Each pressure device on the triaxial loading device 1 applies prestress to the coal rock sample part of the anchorage assembly; The data of force and shear force, the data collected by the scanning monitoring device and the pressure value of each pressure device in the hydraulic system are transmitted to the data processing system for analysis and processing;
H.重复上述步骤D～G，可调整三轴之间的角度值、各个压力装置对岩石施加的预应力值、锚杆或锚索力学性能试验机2对锚杆或锚索的拉压力、扭转力、弯曲力及剪切力值，采用单根或多根的锚杆或锚索与煤岩试样形成锚固组合体，在多根锚杆或锚索的一端与煤岩试样锚固时，其另一端通过螺栓与固定板连接，固定板在与锚杆或锚索力学性能试验机2连接，然后通过螺栓可调整各个锚杆或锚索在煤岩试样与固定板之间的长度；最后通过数据处理系统得出施加各种大小不同的力情况下及采用各种组分不同的煤岩试样，进行锚固组合体的力学性能试验，通过采用红外监测装置、声发射监测装置、无损探伤监测装置、CT扫描装置、雷达监测装置中的一种或多种组合，得出锚固组合体内部的裂隙、断面及裂隙发育情况的相应试验数据；H. Repeat the above steps D～G to adjust the angle value between the three axes, the prestress value applied to the rock by each pressure device, the tensile pressure of the anchor rod or anchor cable mechanical performance testing machine 2 on the anchor rod or anchor cable, Torsional force, bending force and shear force value, using single or multiple anchor rods or anchor cables to form an anchor combination with coal and rock samples, when one end of multiple anchor rods or anchor cables is anchored to coal and rock samples , the other end of which is connected to the fixed plate by bolts, and the fixed plate is connected with the anchor rod or anchor cable mechanical performance testing machine 2, and then the length of each anchor rod or anchor cable between the coal sample and the fixed plate can be adjusted by bolts ; Finally, through the data processing system, it is obtained that various forces of different sizes are applied and coal rock samples with different components are used to test the mechanical properties of the anchorage assembly. By using infrared monitoring devices, acoustic emission monitoring devices, One or more combinations of non-destructive flaw detection monitoring device, CT scanning device, and radar monitoring device can obtain the corresponding test data of cracks, cross-sections and crack development inside the anchorage assembly;
Ⅱ、对煤岩试样进行注浆后的锚固组合体力学性能试验：Ⅱ. Mechanical property test of anchoring combination after grouting coal and rock samples:
①上述步骤Ⅰ中试验后监测到煤岩试样内部裂隙位置，采用钻进装置对锚固组合体中的煤岩试样进行钻孔；① After the test in the above step I, the internal crack position of the coal and rock sample is monitored, and the drilling device is used to drill the coal and rock sample in the anchorage assembly;
②通过钻孔向煤岩试样内部裂隙中注浆，停止后进行步骤Ⅰ中的锚固组合体力学性能试验，得出在注浆情况下的锚固组合体的力学性能参数；②Inject grout into the internal cracks of the coal and rock samples through drilling holes, and then conduct the mechanical performance test of the anchorage assembly in step I after stopping, to obtain the mechanical performance parameters of the anchorage assembly under the condition of grouting;
Ⅲ、在化学效应系统中锚固组合体力学性能试验：Ⅲ. Mechanical performance test of anchoring combination in chemical effect system:
a.将锚固组合体放置在化学效应系统中，通过对煤岩试样浸泡在不同PH值的溶液后进行步骤Ⅰ和Ⅱ中的锚固组合体力学性能试验，通过PH检测装置8将实时的PH值传递给数据处理系统，进而得出在各个PH值溶液下锚固组合体的力学性能参数；a. Place the anchoring assembly in the chemical effect system, conduct the mechanical performance test of the anchoring assembly in steps I and II after immersing the coal rock samples in solutions of different pH values, and pass the real-time pH value through the pH detection device 8 The value is transmitted to the data processing system, and then the mechanical performance parameters of the anchoring assembly under each pH value solution are obtained;
b.将锚固组合体浸泡在化学效应系统中的溶液时，通过进气口对箱体3内注入各种气体后进行步骤Ⅰ和Ⅱ中的锚固组合体力学性能试验，通过设置在进气口和出气口的气体流量检测装置6记录注入气体和排除气体的流量值，气体浓度检测装置7实时检测容器箱体内的气体浓度值，将上述测量的数据均传递给数据处理系统，进而得出在各种气体及其不同的浓度的情况和通过进出口的流量情况得出煤岩试样对各种气体的吸收情况下的锚固组合体力学性能的试验参数；b. When the anchoring assembly is soaked in the solution of the chemical effect system, various gases are injected into the box 3 through the air inlet, and then the mechanical performance test of the anchoring assembly in steps I and II is carried out. The gas flow detection device 6 at the gas outlet records the flow values of injected gas and exhaust gas, and the gas concentration detection device 7 detects the gas concentration value in the container box in real time, and transmits the above-mentioned measured data to the data processing system, and then draws the Various gases and their different concentrations and flow conditions through the inlet and outlet to obtain the test parameters of the mechanical properties of the anchorage assembly under the absorption of various gases by the coal rock sample;
Ⅳ、在温度效应系统中锚固组合体力学性能试验：Ⅳ. Mechanical performance test of anchoring combination in temperature effect system:
将锚固组合体放置在温度效应系统中，通过数据处理系统控制热电偶5加热或冷却液喷吹装置9冷冻，使煤岩试样处于各种不同的温度下进行步骤Ⅰ和Ⅱ中的锚固组合体力学性能试验，得出在各种温度情况下锚固组合体的力学性能参数；Place the anchoring assembly in the temperature effect system, control the heating of the thermocouple 5 or the freezing of the cooling liquid injection device 9 through the data processing system, so that the coal and rock samples are placed at various temperatures for the anchoring assembly in steps I and II Body mechanical performance test, obtain the mechanical performance parameters of the anchoring combination under various temperature conditions;
Ⅴ、综合环境下锚固组合体力学性能试验：Ⅴ. Mechanical performance test of anchoring combination in comprehensive environment:
将锚固组合体放置在温度效应系统和化学效应系统中，可模拟最接近矿井下环境的情况下进行步骤Ⅰ和Ⅱ中的锚固组合体力学性能试验，可综合得出在上述各种情况下锚固组合体的力学性能参数；若测量数值异常，可通过数据处理系统中的报警装置，提示相关人员进行及时处理；Place the anchoring assembly in the temperature effect system and chemical effect system, and conduct the mechanical performance test of the anchoring assembly in steps Ⅰ and Ⅱ under the condition closest to the mine underground environment, and it can be comprehensively obtained that the anchorage in the above-mentioned various situations is The mechanical performance parameters of the assembly; if the measured value is abnormal, the alarm device in the data processing system can be used to prompt relevant personnel to deal with it in time;
Ⅵ、综合分析处理：将上述各个步骤得出的各种数据进行综合汇总，然后分析对比锚固组合体在各个环境中所得出的力学性能参数，得出各种环境下对锚固组合体力学性能的影响情况。Ⅵ. Comprehensive analysis and processing: the various data obtained from the above steps are comprehensively summarized, and then the mechanical performance parameters of the anchorage assembly in various environments are analyzed and compared, and the mechanical properties of the anchorage assembly in various environments are obtained. affect the situation.
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