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CN104880738B - Analog detection coal road protrudes the method and apparatus of parameter and prominent relation and rule - Google Patents

Analog detection coal road protrudes the method and apparatus of parameter and prominent relation and rule Download PDF

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CN104880738B
CN104880738B CN201510334864.1A CN201510334864A CN104880738B CN 104880738 B CN104880738 B CN 104880738B CN 201510334864 A CN201510334864 A CN 201510334864A CN 104880738 B CN104880738 B CN 104880738B
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coal
cylinder body
gas
plug
long circle
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CN104880738A (en
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唐俊
陈裕佳
李晓伟
蒋承林
徐乐华
田世祥
杨丁丁
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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Abstract

A kind of analog detection coal road protrudes the method and apparatus of parameter and prominent relation and rule, belongs to the outburst prediction test method and device of coal road.The device is by Long Circle cylinder body;Supporting plate;Compression leg;Pressure-bearing rod;Sealing plate;Coal seam with gas;T-shaped tubulose plug;Plug closure;Hollow pressing plate;Hinge turnover panel;Forcing screw;Pressure gauge connection;Short fix bar;Long fix bar;Inflation inlet is formed.When determining coal road protrusion parameter, coal sample is added in cylinder body, it is compressing, gas is vacuumized and be filled with, forms a kind of coal seam with gas, the coal seam with gas for driving spiral bit to enter through T-shaped tubulose plug in cylinder body with electric coal drill can determine.When simulation is prominent, T-shaped tubulose plug, plug closure, hollow pressing plate are replaced as plug and pressing plate, coal seam with gas is made by same requirement, pressing plate is opened with jack, so that it may it was observed that coal body protrudes situation.The present apparatus is simple in construction, and test is accurate, can detect coal road and protrude the whether accurate and prominent critical value of parameter.

Description

模拟探测煤巷突出参数与突出的关系及规律的方法与装置Method and device for simulating and detecting the relationship and law between coal roadway outburst parameters and outburst

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种模拟探测煤巷突出参数与突出的关系及规律的方法与装置,尤其是一种适用于实验室检测各种煤巷突出参数是否能够预测突出及确定突出临界值的方法与装置。The present invention relates to a method and device for simulating and detecting the relationship and regularity between outburst parameters and outburst in coal roadway, especially a method and device suitable for laboratory detection of whether outburst parameters of various coal roadway can predict outburst and determine outburst critical value .

背景技术Background technique

众所周知,目前井下普遍采用的煤巷突出预测方法全是“点预测”方法,《防治煤与瓦斯突出规定》第74条规定:可以采用下列方法预测煤巷掘进工作面的突出危险性;As we all know, the coal roadway outburst prediction methods commonly used underground are all "point prediction" methods. Article 74 of the "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Coal and Gas Outburst" stipulates that the following methods can be used to predict the outburst risk of coal roadway driving face;

1.钻屑指标法;1. Drilling cuttings index method;

2.复合指标法;2. Composite index method;

3.R值指标法;3. R value index method;

4.其他经试验证实有效的方法(钻屑温度,煤体温度,放炮后瓦斯涌出量等)。4. Other methods that have been proven effective by experiments (temperature of drilling cuttings, temperature of coal body, amount of gas gushing out after blasting, etc.).

《防治煤与瓦斯突出规定》第75条,76条和77条分别规定了前3种常用的煤巷突出预测方法的应用步骤。这些方法的特点就是通过打钻测定煤巷工作面前方某点的指标与推荐的临界值对比,若大于临界值就预测为突出危险工作面,否则就预测为无突出危险的工作面。(参考文献:国家安全生产监督管理局,国家煤矿安全监察局制订,《防治煤与瓦斯突出规定》,煤炭工业出版社,2009年7月,P50~P54。)。这些方法来自于人们长期在现场生产过程中的经验总结,具有一定的参考价值。Articles 75, 76 and 77 of the "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Coal and Gas Outburst" respectively stipulate the application steps of the first three commonly used coal roadway outburst prediction methods. The characteristic of these methods is to measure the index of a certain point in front of the coal roadway working face by drilling and compare it with the recommended critical value. If it is greater than the critical value, it will be predicted as an outburst dangerous working face, otherwise it will be predicted as a no outburst dangerous working face. (References: State Administration of Work Safety, National Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau, "Regulations on Prevention and Control of Coal and Gas Outbursts", Coal Industry Press, July 2009, P50-P54.). These methods come from people's long-term experience summary in the field production process and have certain reference value.

上述方法的不足之处在于:各地煤矿在生产实践中经常出现采用这些方法预测不准的情况,有的甚至出现低指标突出的事例,造成严重的伤亡事故,也给现场下井的工人造成严重的心理恐慌。造成这一局面的原因固然是这些煤巷突出预测指标未能反映煤巷突出的主要因素,致使预测出现漏洞。但最关键的还是这些方法提出后没有经过实验室检测就以标准的形式让现场参照使用。如果任何煤巷突出预测指标提出后先经过实验室检测,把准确的预测指标及临界值提供给现场,把那些不敏感的和不准确的指标剔除,就能避免现场出现伤亡事故,同时也大大提高煤巷的掘进效率。The weak point of above-mentioned method is: in the production practice of coal mines all over the place, adopt these methods to predict inaccurate situation frequently, some even occur the example of low index outstanding, cause serious casualty accident, also cause serious harm to the workman who goes down the well on the spot. Psychological panic. The reason for this situation is, of course, that these coal roadway outburst prediction indicators fail to reflect the main factors of coal roadway outburst, resulting in loopholes in the prediction. But the most important thing is that after these methods were proposed, they were used as reference in the field in the form of standards without laboratory testing. If any coal roadway outburst prediction index is put forward, it will be tested in the laboratory first, and the accurate prediction index and critical value will be provided to the site, and those insensitive and inaccurate indicators will be eliminated, so that casualties on the site can be avoided, and at the same time, it will be greatly improved. Improve the driving efficiency of coal roadway.

但是建立一个完整的煤巷突出参数测定及突出模拟装置太困难了,以往人们可以建立石门揭煤突出预测指标检测及突出模拟装置,是因为石门前方的煤层内地应力和瓦斯压力都可以看成是均等的。而煤巷前方的煤层中地应力及瓦斯压力分布是不均等的,靠近暴露面处存在着一个卸压带,越深入煤层,地应力及瓦斯压力越大,深部存在着一个集中应力带。并且突出往往就是集中应力带煤体突然揭开后发生的,而卸压带的长短是经常变化的。因此,要建立煤巷的突出参数测定及突出模拟装置必须在方法上要有所突破。However, it is too difficult to establish a complete coal roadway outburst parameter measurement and outburst simulation device. In the past, people could establish a coal outburst prediction index detection and outburst simulation device in Shimen, because the internal stress and gas pressure in the coal seam in front of Shimen can be regarded as equally. The in-situ stress and gas pressure distribution in the coal seam in front of the coal roadway is uneven. There is a pressure relief zone near the exposed surface. The deeper the coal seam is, the greater the in-situ stress and gas pressure are. There is a concentrated stress zone in the deep part. And the outburst often happens after the coal body in the concentrated stress zone is uncovered suddenly, and the length of the pressure relief zone is often changed. Therefore, in order to establish outburst parameter measurement and outburst simulation devices for coal roadways, breakthroughs must be made in methods.

发明内容Contents of the invention

技术问题:本发明的目的是针对已有技术中存在的问题,提供一种结构简单、操作方便、测试结果准确、安全可靠的模拟探测煤巷突出参数与突出的关系及规律的方法与装置。Technical problem: The object of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and provide a method and device for simulating and detecting the relationship and regularity between coal roadway outburst parameters and outburst with simple structure, convenient operation, accurate test results, and safety.

技术方案:本发明的模拟探测煤巷突出参数与突出的关系及规律的方法,包括如下步骤:Technical solution: The method for simulating and detecting the relationship and law between coal roadway outburst parameters and outburst of the present invention includes the following steps:

a.从煤矿现场采集煤样,粉碎后筛至2mm以下,加入水或柴油,充分搅拌混合均匀,以手握煤粉成团,手松煤团自行开裂为准,然后装入密封桶中备用;a. Collect the coal sample from the coal mine site, crush it and sieve it to below 2mm, add water or diesel oil, stir and mix evenly, take the coal powder in hand to form a lump, loose the coal lump to crack by itself, and then put it into a sealed bucket for later use;

b.将内装混泥土并连接有堵头密封盖的T形管状堵头装入长圆形缸体右侧的通孔中,在对称设置的长固定杆和铰接翻板中插装压在T形管状堵头上的中空压板,通过加压螺钉将中空压板紧紧固定在T形管状堵头上;b. Put the T-shaped tubular plug with concrete inside and connected with the plug sealing cover into the through hole on the right side of the oblong cylinder body, insert and press the T in the symmetrically arranged long fixing rod and hinged flap. The hollow pressure plate on the T-shaped tubular plug is tightly fixed on the T-shaped tubular plug by a pressure screw;

c.分次定量称取密封桶中的煤样,将一次定量称取的煤样放入长圆形的缸体中,刮平,再把压柱放入长圆形缸体中,将整个装置推入到压力机内,确保整个装置的受力中心与压力机的中心一致;c. Quantitatively weigh the coal sample in the sealed barrel several times, put the coal sample quantitatively weighed once into the oblong cylinder, scrape it flat, then put the pressure column into the oblong cylinder, and put the whole Push the device into the press to ensure that the force center of the entire device is consistent with the center of the press;

d.通过压力机向长圆形缸体上的压柱加压,将长圆形缸体中一次加入的煤样压实,稳压半小时,确保煤中空气完全逸出,继续向长圆形缸体内添加一次等量的煤样并压实,如此反复多次,直至将长圆形缸体内逐次压实的煤样达到设定的厚度;d. Use the press to pressurize the pressure column on the oblong cylinder, compact the coal sample added at one time in the oblong cylinder, and stabilize the pressure for half an hour to ensure that the air in the coal escapes completely, and continue to the oblong cylinder. Add the same amount of coal sample once in the oval cylinder and compact it, and repeat this for many times until the coal sample compacted successively in the oblong cylinder reaches the set thickness;

e.将压力表与压力表接口相连,设定压力机的压力,保持对压柱继续施压,通过前后充气口对长圆形缸体1中压实的煤样进行抽真空,之后向煤样中充入瓦斯气体至瓦斯气体压力稳定,持续48小时,这时,施加在成型煤样上的压力机压力相当于地应力,而煤层中的瓦斯气体压力相当于煤层的瓦斯压力,长圆形缸体中的压实的煤样相当于一块煤巷工作面前方的含瓦斯煤体;e. Connect the pressure gauge to the pressure gauge interface, set the pressure of the press, keep pressing the pressure column, and vacuumize the compacted coal sample in the oblong cylinder 1 through the front and rear air charging ports, and then pump the coal sample Fill the sample with gas until the pressure of the gas is stable and last for 48 hours. At this time, the pressure of the press applied to the formed coal sample is equivalent to the ground stress, and the gas pressure in the coal seam is equivalent to the gas pressure of the coal seam. The oblong The compacted coal sample in the cylinder body is equivalent to the gas-containing coal body in front of the working face of a coal roadway;

f.在压柱的两个圆孔内插入两根承压杆,并在承压杆外露段与长圆形缸体上端面之间放入垫块,保持两者接触但不受力的状态;f. Insert two pressure rods into the two round holes of the pressure column, and put a spacer between the exposed section of the pressure rod and the upper end surface of the oblong cylinder to keep the two in a state of contact but no force ;

g.拧开堵头密封盖,在T形管状堵头入口的螺纹连接安装突出参数测定仪器,用麻花钻杆穿过突出参数测定仪器插入到T形管状堵头内,连接好煤电钻带动麻花钻头从T形管状堵头打钻直至透过混泥土进入含瓦斯的煤样中,钻进的同时,通过突出参数测定仪器采集打钻期间测定的煤层突出参数,直至钻进至长圆形缸体尽头,停止钻进,获得本次含瓦斯煤体的突出参数数据;g. Unscrew the sealing cover of the plug, install the protruding parameter measuring instrument on the threaded connection at the entrance of the T-shaped tubular plug, use a twist drill rod to pass through the protruding parameter measuring instrument and insert it into the T-shaped tubular plug, and connect the coal electric drill to drive The twist drill bit drills from the T-shaped tubular plug until it penetrates the concrete into the gas-containing coal sample. While drilling, the outburst parameters of the coal seam measured during drilling are collected by the outburst parameter measuring instrument until it reaches the oval Stop drilling at the end of the cylinder to obtain the outburst parameter data of the gas-containing coal body;

h.退钻后,停止压力机工作,推出长圆形缸体,通过承压杆将压柱起吊出来,清除长圆形缸体中的煤样,取下T形管状堵头和中空压板,换成T形柱状堵头和压板,并通过加压螺钉将压板紧紧固定在T形柱状堵头上;h. After withdrawing the drill, stop the press, push out the oblong cylinder, lift the pressure column through the pressure bearing rod, remove the coal sample in the oblong cylinder, remove the T-shaped tubular plug and hollow pressure plate, Replace it with a T-shaped cylindrical plug and a pressure plate, and fix the pressure plate tightly on the T-shaped cylindrical plug through a compression screw;

i.重复步骤c、d、e、f,将密封桶中的同样的煤样加入长圆形缸体中压实成型,并抽真空和充气,构成一个与之前完全相同的含瓦斯煤体;i. Repeat steps c, d, e, f, add the same coal sample in the sealed barrel into the oblong cylinder body for compaction, and vacuumize and inflate to form a gas-containing coal body exactly the same as before;

j.在压板的凸台上放置一千斤顶,利用千斤顶向上顶铰链翻板,铰链翻板沿铰接头向上翘起,压板的上部失去控制向下翻转落下,T形柱状堵头失去外力,长圆形缸体内含瓦斯煤体中的瓦斯气体就会推开失去外力的T形柱状堵头,煤样从长圆形缸体右侧的通孔中喷出,依据煤样喷出的量和动力大小,从而确定是:不突出、弱突出、突出、或强突出,获得一个煤巷是否突出的样本数据;j. Place a jack on the boss of the pressure plate, use the jack to push the hinge flap upward, the hinge flap will rise up along the hinge joint, the upper part of the pressure plate will turn down and fall out of control, and the T-shaped cylindrical plug will lose external force, and the long circle The gas in the gas-containing coal body in the cylinder body will push away the T-shaped columnar plug that has lost external force, and the coal sample will be ejected from the through hole on the right side of the oblong cylinder body. The size of the power, so as to determine whether it is: no protrusion, weak protrusion, protrusion, or strong protrusion, and obtain the sample data of whether a coal lane is protrusion;

k.按照不同的成型压力,不同的地应力和瓦斯压力进行多次试验,即可获得多个样本数据,利用判别分析法将多个样本数据进行处理,从而得出该突出参数与煤巷突出是否相关及突出的临界值。k. According to different forming pressures, different ground stresses and gas pressures, multiple tests can be carried out to obtain multiple sample data, and the discriminant analysis method is used to process multiple sample data, so as to obtain the outburst parameter and coal roadway outburst Relevant and salient thresholds.

所述分次定量称取密封桶中的煤样为10-16kg。The coal sample in the sealed barrel is quantitatively weighed in batches to be 10-16kg.

所述向长圆形缸体中的压实煤样抽真空的时间为12小时。The time for vacuuming the compacted coal sample in the oblong cylinder is 12 hours.

一种实现上述方法的模拟探测煤巷突出参数与突出的关系及规律的装置,包括放置含瓦斯煤体的长圆形缸体,长圆形缸体上设有置于含瓦斯煤体上的密封板,密封板上设有压柱,压柱与密封板固定在一起,压柱上对称开有设置承压杆的圆孔,所述的长圆形缸体前后侧面上分别设有充气口,左侧面上设有压力表连接口,右侧面上设有向含瓦斯煤体钻进或观察含瓦斯煤体中瓦斯突出的通孔,通孔处设有测定煤巷突出参数或用于突出模拟的封孔装置。A device for simulating and detecting the relationship and regularity between outburst parameters and outbursts in coal roadways for realizing the above method, comprising an oblong cylinder for placing gas-containing coal bodies, and on the oblong cylinder is provided a Sealing plate, the sealing plate is provided with a pressure column, the pressure column and the sealing plate are fixed together, the pressure column is symmetrically opened with a round hole for setting the pressure rod, and the front and rear sides of the oblong cylinder are respectively provided with gas charging ports , the left side is provided with a pressure gauge connection port, and the right side is provided with a through hole for drilling into the gas-containing coal body or observing the gas outburst in the gas-containing coal body. It is used to highlight the simulated hole sealing device.

所述测定煤巷突出参数的封孔装置包括内装混泥土的T形管状堵头、设在T形管状堵头上的堵头密封盖,所述T形管状堵头的上下侧设有固定杆,上部短固定杆上铰接有一带孔方形板的铰接翻板,下部长固定杆的前端是与上部铰接翻板相对应的带孔方形板,上下两个带孔的方形板中插装有顶靠在T形管状堵头上的中空压板,上下两个带孔的方形板的侧面均设有固定中空压板的加压螺钉。The hole sealing device for measuring the protruding parameters of coal roadway includes a T-shaped tubular plug with built-in concrete, a plug sealing cover arranged on the T-shaped tubular plug, and a fixing rod is arranged on the upper and lower sides of the T-shaped tubular plug , the upper short fixed rod is hinged with a hinged flap with a square plate with holes, the front end of the lower long fixed rod is a square plate with holes corresponding to the upper hinged flap, and the top and bottom square plates with holes are inserted into the top The hollow pressure plate leaning on the T-shaped tubular plug, the sides of the upper and lower square plates with holes are provided with pressure screws for fixing the hollow pressure plate.

所述用于突出模拟的封孔装置包括T形柱状堵头,T形柱状堵头插入长圆形缸体右侧的通孔后,同样在上下两个带孔的方形板中插装有顶靠在T形柱状堵头上的压板,上下两个带孔的方形板的侧面均设有固定压板的加压螺钉。The hole sealing device used for protruding simulation includes a T-shaped cylindrical plug. After the T-shaped cylindrical plug is inserted into the through hole on the right side of the oblong cylinder body, a top is also inserted into the upper and lower square plates with holes. The pressure plate leaning against the T-shaped cylindrical plug, the sides of the upper and lower square plates with holes are all provided with pressure screws for fixing the pressure plate.

所述长圆形缸体下部设有托板,托板上设有方便搬运的螺孔。The lower part of the oblong cylinder body is provided with a supporting plate, and the supporting plate is provided with screw holes for easy transportation.

所述的密封板为双层密封板,双层密封板上设有O型密封圈。The sealing plate is a double-layer sealing plate, and an O-ring is arranged on the double-layer sealing plate.

有益效果,由于采用了上述方案,本发明可以在实验室内对煤巷的突出参数进行测定并模拟突出,尽管这种装置没有模拟测定煤巷工作面前方煤体内卸压带的突出参数,但它可以模拟测定煤巷工作面前方最具突出危险的那段煤体的突出参数。既可以保证用于测定突出参数的含瓦斯煤体与突出模拟的含瓦斯煤体相同,又避免了现场观察突出现象可能遇到的危险。本发明采用了长圆形缸体,并采用煤矿现场普遍采用的麻花钻杆打钻,采集煤样或测定钻孔中的瓦斯流量数据,可以满足现有的大部分煤巷突出参数测定要求,即可以对大部分煤巷突出参数进行检测。经大量的测定和突出模拟实验表明,效果很好。当采用麻花钻杆向在长圆形缸体中的含瓦斯煤体打钻时,如果打钻期间涌出较高的瓦斯流量,则同样的煤样在突出模拟时,可能出现弱突出,甚至强突出。而当打钻期间涌出的瓦斯流量很小,则同样的煤样在突出模拟时几乎不出现动力现象。通过这种检测,可以把那些对煤巷突出敏感的指标及突出临界值直接用于煤矿现场。与现有技术相比的主要优点如下:Beneficial effects, due to the adoption of the above scheme, the present invention can measure and simulate the outburst parameters of the coal roadway in the laboratory, although this device does not simulate the outburst parameters of the pressure relief zone in the coal body in front of the working face of the coal roadway, but It can simulate and measure the outburst parameters of the most dangerous section of coal body in front of the working face of the coal roadway. It can not only ensure that the gas-containing coal body used for measuring outburst parameters is the same as the gas-containing coal body for outburst simulation, but also avoid the danger that may be encountered in field observation of outburst phenomena. The present invention adopts an oblong cylinder, and adopts the twist drill pipe commonly used in coal mines to drill, collect coal samples or measure the gas flow data in the borehole, which can meet the requirements of most existing coal roadway outburst parameters. That is, most coal roadway outburst parameters can be detected. A large number of measurements and outstanding simulation experiments show that the effect is very good. When a twist drill pipe is used to drill a gas-containing coal body in an oblong cylinder, if a high gas flow rate is gushed out during drilling, the same coal sample may appear weak outburst or even outburst during outburst simulation. strong prominence. However, when the gas flow gushing out during drilling is very small, the same coal sample has almost no dynamic phenomenon in outburst simulation. Through this detection, those indicators that are sensitive to the coal roadway outburst and the outburst critical value can be directly used in the coal mine site. The main advantages compared with the prior art are as follows:

采用长圆形缸体压制成型含瓦斯煤体,然后用麻花钻杆对压制成型含瓦斯的煤体进行打钻,采集煤样或瓦斯流量数据,模拟现场检测的实况,以此检验煤巷的突出参数,解决了在煤矿现场难以进行的突出参数检验难的问题。能够在实验室中对各种煤巷突出参数进行直接测定和模拟突出,以便确认这些煤巷突出参数是否与煤巷突出相关,也就是对煤巷突出敏感,同时提供那些对煤巷突出敏感的参数的突出临界值,为现场预测煤巷的突出提供依据,既保证了验证工作的准确性,又避免了突出带来的危害。其结构简单,操作方便,测试结果准确,安全可靠,在本技术领域内具有广泛的实用性。The gas-containing coal body is formed by pressing the oblong cylinder body, and then the compressed gas-containing coal body is drilled with a twist drill pipe to collect coal samples or gas flow data, and simulate the actual situation of on-site inspection, so as to test the safety of the coal roadway The outstanding parameters solve the problem of difficult inspection of outstanding parameters in the coal mine site. It is possible to directly measure and simulate the outburst of various coal roadway outburst parameters in the laboratory, so as to confirm whether these coal roadway outburst parameters are related to coal roadway outburst, that is, to be sensitive to coal roadway outburst, and to provide those sensitive to coal roadway outburst. The outburst critical value of the parameter provides a basis for predicting the outburst of the coal roadway on site, which not only ensures the accuracy of the verification work, but also avoids the harm caused by the outburst. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, accurate test result, safety and reliability, and has wide practicability in the technical field.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的煤巷突出参数测定结构主视示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the coal roadway outburst parameter measurement structure of the present invention.

图2为本发明的煤巷突出参数测定结构俯视示意图。Fig. 2 is a top view schematic diagram of the coal roadway outburst parameter measurement structure of the present invention.

图3为本发明的煤巷突出模拟结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the coal roadway outburst simulation structure of the present invention.

图中:1-长圆形缸体;2-托板;3-压柱;4-承压杆;5-密封板;6-含瓦斯煤体;7-T形管状堵头;8-堵头密封盖;9-中空压板;10-铰链翻板;11-加压螺钉;12-压力表接口,13-短固定杆;14-长固定杆;15-充气口;16-T形柱状堵头;17-压板。In the figure: 1-oblong cylinder body; 2-supporting plate; 3-pressure column; 4-pressure bearing rod; 5-sealing plate; Head sealing cover; 9-hollow pressure plate; 10-hinge flap; 11-pressure screw; 12-pressure gauge interface, 13-short fixed rod; 14-long fixed rod; 15-inflatable port; 16-T-shaped columnar plug head; 17-press plate.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明的一个实施例作进一步的描述:An embodiment of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

本发明的模拟探测煤巷突出参数与突出的关系及规律的方法,通过压力机在特制的长圆形缸体上压制煤样,充入瓦斯,形成一段含瓦斯的煤体,以此代替煤巷工作面前方集中应力带中那段最具突出危险的煤体。向压制成型的含瓦斯煤体打钻,测定煤巷突出参数;然后换上模拟突出的堵头,将同样的煤体按同样的要求压制成型,模拟突然打开后的突出现象。多次测试后,就可以检测这种煤巷突出参数是否与现场煤巷突出相关,是否能够用来预测煤巷突出并获得其突出的临界值,为煤矿现场提供预测的依据,具体步骤如下:The method for simulating and detecting the relationship and regularity between outburst parameters and outburst in coal roadways of the present invention uses a press to press the coal sample on a special elongated cylinder, and fills it with gas to form a section of coal body containing gas to replace the coal The most prominent and dangerous coal body in the concentrated stress zone in front of the roadway working face. Drill into the compressed gas-containing coal body to measure the outburst parameters of the coal roadway; then replace the plug to simulate the outburst, press the same coal body according to the same requirements, and simulate the outburst phenomenon after the sudden opening. After multiple tests, it can be detected whether the outburst parameters of the coal roadway are related to the outburst of the coal roadway on site, whether it can be used to predict the outburst of the coal roadway and obtain the critical value of the outburst, and provide a basis for prediction for the coal mine site. The specific steps are as follows:

a.从煤矿现场采集煤样,粉碎后筛至2mm以下,加入水或柴油,充分搅拌混合均匀,以手握煤粉成团,手松煤团自行开裂为准,然后装入密封桶中备用;a. Collect the coal sample from the coal mine site, crush it and sieve it to below 2mm, add water or diesel oil, stir and mix evenly, take the coal powder in hand to form a lump, loose the coal lump to crack by itself, and then put it into a sealed bucket for later use;

b.将内装混泥土并连接有堵头密封盖的T形管状堵头7装入长圆形缸体1右侧的通孔中,在对称设置的长固定杆和铰接翻板中,插装压在T形管状堵头7上的中空压板9,通过加压螺钉11将中空压板9紧紧固定在T形管状堵头7上;b. Put the T-shaped tubular plug 7 with concrete inside and connected with the plug sealing cover into the through hole on the right side of the oblong cylinder body 1, and insert it into the symmetrically arranged long fixed rod and hinged flap. The hollow pressure plate 9 pressed on the T-shaped tubular plug 7 is tightly fixed on the T-shaped tubular plug 7 by the pressure screw 11;

c.分次定量称取密封桶中的煤样,所述分次定量称取密封桶中的煤样为10-16kg;将一次定量称取的煤样放入长圆形的缸体1中,刮平,再把压柱3放入长圆形缸体1中,将整个装置推入到压力机内,确保整个装置的受力中心与压力机的中心一致;c. The coal sample in the sealed bucket is quantitatively weighed in several times, and the coal sample in the sealed bucket is weighed quantitatively in several times, and the coal sample in the sealed bucket is 10-16kg; the coal sample quantitatively weighed once is put into the oblong cylinder 1 , scrape it flat, put the pressure column 3 into the oblong cylinder body 1, push the whole device into the press, and ensure that the stress center of the whole device is consistent with the center of the press;

d.通过压力机向长圆形缸体1上的压柱3加压,将长圆形缸体1中一次加入的煤样压实,稳压半小时,确保煤中空气完全逸出。继续向长圆形缸体1内添加一次等量的煤样并压实,如此反复多次,直至将长圆形缸体1内逐次压实的煤样达到设定的厚度;d. Pressurize the pressure column 3 on the oblong cylinder 1 through a press, compact the coal sample added once in the oblong cylinder 1, and stabilize the pressure for half an hour to ensure that the air in the coal escapes completely. Continue to add an equal amount of coal sample to the oblong cylinder 1 and compact it, repeating this many times until the coal samples compacted successively in the oblong cylinder 1 reach the set thickness;

e.将压力表与压力表接口12相连,设定压力机的压力,保持对压柱3继续施压,通过前后充气口15对长圆形缸体1中压实的煤样抽真空12小时,之后向煤样中充入瓦斯气体至瓦斯气体压力稳定,持续48小时,这时,施加在成型煤样上的压力机压力相当于地应力,而煤层中的瓦斯气体压力相当于煤层的瓦斯压力,长圆形缸体1中的压实的煤样相当于一块煤巷工作面前方的含瓦斯煤体6;e. Connect the pressure gauge to the pressure gauge interface 12, set the pressure of the press, keep pressing on the pressure column 3, and vacuumize the compacted coal sample in the oblong cylinder 1 through the front and rear air charging ports 15 for 12 hours , and then fill the coal sample with gas until the pressure of the gas is stable and last for 48 hours. At this time, the pressure of the press on the formed coal sample is equivalent to the ground stress, and the gas pressure in the coal seam is equivalent to the gas pressure of the coal seam. Pressure, the compacted coal sample in the oblong cylinder body 1 is equivalent to the gas-containing coal mass 6 in front of the working face of a coal roadway;

f.在压柱3的两个圆孔内插入两根承压杆4,并在承压杆4外露段与长圆形缸体1上端面之间放入垫块,保持两者接触但不受力的状态;f. Insert two pressure bearing rods 4 into the two round holes of the pressure column 3, and put a spacer between the exposed section of the pressure bearing rod 4 and the upper end surface of the oblong cylinder body 1 to keep the two in contact but not state of stress;

g.拧开堵头密封盖8,在T形管状堵头7入口的螺纹连接安装突出参数测定仪器,用麻花钻杆穿过突出参数测定仪器插入到T形管状堵头7内,连接好煤电钻带动麻花钻头从T形管状堵头7打钻直至透过混泥土进入含瓦斯的煤样中,钻进的同时,通过突出参数测定仪器采集打钻期间测定的煤层突出参数,直至钻进至长圆形缸体1尽头,停止钻进,获得本次含瓦斯煤体的突出参数数据;g. Unscrew the plug sealing cover 8, install the protruding parameter measuring instrument on the threaded connection at the entrance of the T-shaped tubular plug 7, use a twist drill rod to pass through the protruding parameter measuring instrument and insert it into the T-shaped tubular plug 7, and connect the coal The electric drill drives the twist drill bit to drill from the T-shaped tubular plug 7 until it penetrates the concrete and enters the gas-containing coal sample. Stop drilling to the end of oblong cylinder body 1, and obtain the outburst parameter data of the gas-containing coal body;

h.退钻后,停止压力机工作,推出长圆形缸体1,通过承压杆4将压柱3起吊出来,清除长圆形缸体1中的煤样,取下T形管状堵头7和中空压板9,换成T形柱状堵头16 和压板17,并通过加压螺钉11将压板17紧紧固定在T形柱状堵头16上;h. After withdrawing the drill, stop the press, push out the oblong cylinder 1, lift the pressure column 3 through the pressure bearing rod 4, remove the coal sample in the oblong cylinder 1, and remove the T-shaped tubular plug 7 and hollow pressing plate 9, change into T-shaped columnar plug 16 and pressing plate 17, and pressing plate 17 is tightly fixed on the T-shaped cylindrical plug 16 by pressing screw 11;

i.重复步骤c、d、e、f,将密封桶中的同样的煤样加入长圆形缸体1中压实成型,并抽真空和充气,构成一个与之前完全相同的含瓦斯煤体;i. Repeat steps c, d, e, f, add the same coal sample in the sealed barrel into the oblong cylinder 1 for compaction, and vacuumize and inflate to form a gas-containing coal body exactly the same as before ;

j.在压板17的凸台上放置一千斤顶,利用千斤顶向上顶铰链翻板10,铰链翻板10沿铰接头向上翘起,压板17的上部失去控制向下翻转落下,T形柱状堵头16失去外力,长圆形缸体1内含瓦斯煤体6中的瓦斯气体就会推开失去外力的T形柱状堵头16,煤样从长圆形缸体1右侧的通孔中喷出,依据煤样喷出的量和动力大小,从而确定是:不突出、弱突出、突出、或强突出,获得一个煤巷是否突出的样本数据;j. Place a jack on the boss of the pressure plate 17, use the jack to push the hinge flap 10 upward, the hinge flap 10 will tilt up along the hinge joint, the upper part of the pressure plate 17 will turn down and fall out of control, and the T-shaped columnar plug 16 If the external force is lost, the gas in the gas-containing coal body 6 in the oval cylinder 1 will push away the T-shaped columnar plug 16 that has lost the external force, and the coal sample will be ejected from the through hole on the right side of the oval cylinder 1 , according to the amount and power of the coal sample injection, it is determined whether it is: no protrusion, weak protrusion, protrusion, or strong protrusion, and obtain the sample data of whether a coal lane is protrusion;

k.按照不同的成型压力,不同的地应力和瓦斯压力进行多次试验,即可获得多个样本数据,利用判别分析法将多个样本数据进行处理,从而得出该突出参数与煤巷突出是否相关及突出的临界值。k. According to different forming pressures, different ground stresses and gas pressures, multiple tests can be carried out to obtain multiple sample data, and the discriminant analysis method is used to process multiple sample data, so as to obtain the outburst parameter and coal roadway outburst Relevant and salient thresholds.

本发明的模拟探测煤巷突出参数与突出的关系及规律的装置,包括放置含瓦斯煤体6 的长圆形缸体1,所述长圆形缸体1下部设有托板2,托板2上设有方便搬运的螺孔。长圆形缸体1上设有置于含瓦斯煤体6上的密封板5,所述的密封板5为双层密封板,双层密封板上设有O型密封圈。密封板5上设有压柱3,压柱3与密封板5固定在一起,压柱 3上对称开有设置承压杆4的圆孔,所述的长圆形缸体1前后侧面上分别设有充气口15,如图2所示。左侧面上设有压力表接口12,右侧面上设有向含瓦斯煤体6钻进或观察含瓦斯煤体6中瓦斯突出的通孔,通孔处设有测定煤巷突出参数或用于突出模拟的封孔装置。The device for simulating and detecting the outburst parameter of a coal roadway and the relationship and law of the outburst of the present invention includes an oblong cylinder 1 for placing a gas-containing coal body 6, the lower part of the oblong cylinder 1 is provided with a supporting plate 2, and the supporting plate 2 are provided with screw holes for easy handling. The oblong cylinder body 1 is provided with a sealing plate 5 placed on the gas-containing coal body 6, and the sealing plate 5 is a double-layer sealing plate, and an O-shaped sealing ring is arranged on the double-layer sealing plate. The sealing plate 5 is provided with a pressure column 3, and the pressure column 3 and the sealing plate 5 are fixed together. The pressure column 3 is symmetrically provided with round holes for setting the pressure bearing rod 4. The front and rear sides of the oblong cylinder body 1 are respectively An air charging port 15 is provided, as shown in FIG. 2 . The left side is provided with a pressure gauge interface 12, and the right side is provided with a through-hole for drilling into the gas-containing coal body 6 or observing the gas outburst in the gas-containing coal body 6. Sealing device for prominent simulations.

所述测定煤巷突出参数的封孔装置包括T形管状堵头7、设在T形管状堵头7上的堵头密封盖8,所述T形管状堵头7的上下侧设有设有固定杆,上部短固定杆13上铰接有一带孔方形板的铰接翻板10,下部长固定杆14的前端是与上部铰接翻板相对应的带孔方形板,上下两个带孔的方形板中插装有顶靠在T形管状堵头7上的中空压板9,上下两个带孔的方形板的侧面均设有固定中空压板9的加压螺钉11,如图1所示。The hole sealing device for measuring the outstanding parameters of the coal roadway comprises a T-shaped tubular plug 7, a plug sealing cover 8 arranged on the T-shaped tubular plug 7, and the upper and lower sides of the T-shaped tubular plug 7 are provided with Fixed rod, the upper short fixed rod 13 is hinged with a hinged flap 10 of a square plate with holes, and the front end of the lower long fixed rod 14 is a square plate with holes corresponding to the upper hinged flap. A hollow pressure plate 9 against the T-shaped tubular plug 7 is inserted in the middle, and the sides of the upper and lower square plates with holes are provided with pressure screws 11 for fixing the hollow pressure plate 9, as shown in Figure 1 .

所述用于突出模拟用的封孔装置包括T形柱状堵头16,T形柱状堵头16插入长圆形缸体右侧的通孔后,同样在上下两个带孔的方形板中插装有顶靠在T形柱状堵头16上的压板17,上下两个带孔的方形板的侧面均设有固定压板17的加压螺钉11,如图3所示。The hole sealing device used for protruding simulation includes a T-shaped cylindrical plug 16. After the T-shaped cylindrical plug 16 is inserted into the through hole on the right side of the oblong cylinder, it is also inserted into the upper and lower square plates with holes. The pressure plate 17 that leans against the T-shaped columnar plug 16 is equipped with, and the sides of the two square plates with holes up and down are all provided with the compression screws 11 for fixing the pressure plate 17, as shown in Figure 3 .

长圆形缸体1内是压制成型的含瓦斯煤体6,压柱3与密封板5联在一起,压在含瓦斯煤体6上,构成了一种能够加压的密封系统。当用套筒拧开堵头密封盖8后,现有的各种煤巷突出参数测定仪器可以连接在T形管状堵头7的螺纹上。当用麻花钻杆穿过测定仪器的管路,打穿T形管状堵头7上的混泥土后,钻头即进入含瓦斯煤体中,这时就可以采集煤样或钻孔瓦斯流量,以便根据不同突出参数的测定要求进行测定。Inside the oblong cylinder body 1 is a compressed gas-containing coal body 6. The pressure column 3 and the sealing plate 5 are connected together and pressed on the gas-containing coal body 6 to form a pressurized sealing system. After unscrewing the plug sealing cover 8 with the sleeve, the existing various coal roadway outburst parameter measuring instruments can be connected on the thread of the T-shaped tubular plug 7 . When passing through the pipeline of the measuring instrument with a twisted drill pipe, after breaking through the concrete on the T-shaped tubular plug 7, the drill bit enters the gas-containing coal body, at this time, coal samples or drilling gas flow can be collected, so that The determination is carried out according to the determination requirements of different salient parameters.

所述的模拟探测煤巷突出参数与突出的关系及规律的装置还可以模拟煤巷前方的煤体突然暴露时发生突出的情况。当需要模拟突出时,将T形管状堵头7,堵头密封盖8,中空压板9置换成T形柱状堵头16和压板17即可。将同样的煤样按照同样的方法和步骤在长圆形缸体1压制成型,抽真空后充入同样压力的瓦斯,静置48小时,然后在保持压力机压力的条件下用千斤顶突然打开压板,T形柱状堵头16在长圆形缸体1中煤与瓦斯压力的作用下,向外飞出。根据是否抛出煤样及煤样飞出的距离和重量,可以将该煤样的动力现象定性为非突出,弱突出及强突出。经过多次试验后,用判别分析法处理数据,就可以看出这种煤巷突出参数是否与煤巷突出具有相关性?能否用于煤巷的突出预测及突出的临界值,为煤矿现场进行突出预测提供可靠的依据。The device for simulating and detecting the outburst parameters of the coal roadway and the relationship and law of the outburst can also simulate the outburst situation when the coal body in front of the coal roadway is suddenly exposed. When it is necessary to simulate protrusion, it is sufficient to replace the T-shaped tubular plug 7, the plug sealing cover 8, and the hollow pressure plate 9 with a T-shaped cylindrical plug 16 and a pressure plate 17. Press the same coal sample in the oblong cylinder 1 according to the same method and steps, fill it with gas of the same pressure after vacuuming, let it stand for 48 hours, and then use a jack to suddenly open the pressure plate under the condition of maintaining the pressure of the press , T-shaped columnar plug 16 flies outwards under the action of coal and gas pressure in oblong cylinder body 1. According to whether the coal sample is thrown out and the distance and weight of the coal sample, the dynamic phenomenon of the coal sample can be characterized as non-protruding, weakly protruding and strongly protruding. After several tests, the discriminant analysis method is used to process the data, and it can be seen whether the outburst parameter of the coal roadway is correlated with the outburst of the coal roadway? Whether it can be used for the outburst prediction of coal roadway and the critical value of outburst can provide a reliable basis for outburst prediction on the coal mine site.

所述的模拟探测煤巷突出参数与突出的关系及规律的装置中,压柱3安装了两根承压杆4,承压杆4比较粗大,穿过压柱3,直接搁置在长圆形缸体1的上方。当压力机加压静置后,在承压杆4与圆形缸体1之间垫上钢板,使得承压杆4与长圆形缸体1的上表面处于无应力接触状态。在打钻过程中或突出模拟过程中,长圆形缸体1内的煤体变形松动,压柱3在压力机的作用下向下位移,这时压力机的压力就通过承压杆4转移到长圆形缸体 1,长圆形缸体1内松动的煤体将避免压力机的变形应力的破坏,这与现场煤层发生突出时矿山压力向周围的煤层转移是一样的。In the device for simulating and detecting the relationship and regularity between coal roadway outburst parameters and outbursts, two pressure bearing rods 4 are installed on the pressure column 3, and the pressure bearing rods 4 are relatively thick, pass through the pressure column 3, and are directly placed on the oblong above cylinder block 1. After the press is pressurized and left still, a steel plate is placed between the pressure-bearing rod 4 and the circular cylinder 1, so that the upper surface of the pressure-bearing rod 4 and the oblong cylinder 1 is in a stress-free contact state. During the drilling process or the outburst simulation process, the coal body in the oval cylinder 1 is deformed and loosened, and the pressure column 3 is displaced downward under the action of the press, and the pressure of the press is transferred through the pressure rod 4 To the oblong cylinder 1, the loose coal body in the oblong cylinder 1 will avoid the deformation stress of the press from being damaged, which is the same as the transfer of mine pressure to the surrounding coal seam when the on-site coal seam is outburst.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of analog detection coal road protrudes parameter and prominent relation and the method for rule, by forcing press special oval Coal sample is suppressed on shape cylinder body, is filled with gas, forms one section of coal body gassy, concentrated stress in front of coal road working face is replaced with this The coal body of that section most outburst danger in band;Drilled to compressing coal seam with gas, measure coal road protrudes parameter;Then change The prominent plug of upper simulation, same coal body is compressing by same requirement, simulate the protrusion phenomenon after throwing open;It is more After secondary test, whether related to live coal road protrusion this coal road protrusion parameter can be just detected, if can be used for predicting coal road Protrude and obtain the critical value of its protrusion, the foundation of prediction is provided for colliery scene, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
A. below 2mm is sieved to after colliery scene samples of coal pulled, crushing, adds water or diesel oil, is thoroughly mixed uniformly, with hand It is agglomerating to hold coal dust, voluntarily cracking is defined for hand pine coal group, is then charged into standby in sealing bucket;
B. by built-in mixed mud and it is connected with plug closure(8)T-shaped tubulose plug(7)Load Long Circle cylinder body(1)Right side Through hole in, in symmetrically arranged long fix bar(14)Be hinged turnover panel(10)Middle inserting is pressed in T-shaped tubulose plug(7)On in Pneumatics plate(9), pass through forcing screw(11)By hollow pressing plate(9)It is tightly secured in T-shaped tubulose plug(7)On;
C. the coal sample in sealing bucket is quantitatively weighed by several times, and the coal sample that the gradation is quantitatively weighed in sealing bucket is 10-16kg;By one The secondary coal sample quantitatively weighed is put into the cylinder body of Long Circle(1)In, strike off, then compression leg(3)It is put into Long Circle cylinder body(1)In, will Whole device is pushed into forcing press, it is ensured that the center of effort of whole device is consistent with the center of forcing press;
D. by forcing press to Long Circle cylinder body(1)On compression leg(3)Pressurization, by Long Circle cylinder body(1)In the coal that once adds Sample is compacted, voltage stabilizing half an hour, it is ensured that air escapes completely in coal, continues to Long Circle cylinder body(1)The coal of equivalent of interior addition Sample is simultaneously compacted, so repeated multiple times, until by Long Circle cylinder body(1)The coal sample being inside gradually compacted reaches the thickness of setting;
E. by pressure gauge and pressure gauge connection(12)It is connected, sets the pressure of forcing press, keep to compression leg(3)Continue to press, lead to Cross front and rear inflation inlet(15)To Long Circle cylinder body(1)The coal sample of middle compacting vacuumize 12 hours, backward coal sample in be filled with Methane gas continues 48 hours to methane gas pressure stability, at this moment, be applied to press pressure in shaping coal sample equivalent to Crustal stress, and the methane gas pressure in coal seam is equivalent to the gas pressure in coal seam, Long Circle cylinder body(1)The coal sample phase of middle compacting When the coal seam with gas in front of a lump coal lane working face(6);
F. in compression leg(3)Two circular holes in insertion two pressure-bearing rods(4), and in pressure-bearing rod(4)Revealed section and Long Circle cylinder body (1)Cushion block is put between upper surface, keeps both contacts but unstressed state;
G. plug closure is turned on(8), in T-shaped tubulose plug(7)The prominent parametric measurement instrument of threaded connection installation of entrance, is used Twist drill rods pass through prominent parametric measurement instrument to be inserted into T-shaped tubulose plug(7)It is interior, connect electric coal drill drive spiral bit from T-shaped tubulose plug(7)Drill until enter through mixed mud in coal sample gassy, while drilling, pass through prominent parameter and survey The Coal Outburst parameter of measure during instrument collection is drilled is determined, until creeping into Long Circle cylinder body(1)The end, stop drilling, obtain Obtain the protrusion supplemental characteristic of this coal seam with gas;
H. after moving back brill, stop forcing press work, release Long Circle cylinder body(1), pass through pressure-bearing rod(4)By compression leg(3)Rise and hang out, Remove Long Circle cylinder body(1)In coal sample, remove T-shaped tubulose plug(7)With hollow pressing plate(9), change T-shaped column plug into(16) And pressing plate(17), and pass through forcing screw(11)By pressing plate(17)It is tightly secured in T-shaped column plug(16)On;
I. repeat step c, d, e, f, the same coal sample sealed in bucket is added into Long Circle cylinder body(1)Middle compaction moulding, and take out Vacuum and inflation, form one and identical coal seam with gas before;
J. in pressing plate(17)Boss on place a jack, utilize the upward crown hinge chain turnover panel of jack(10), hinge turnover panel (10)It is upturned along articulated joint, pressing plate(17)Out of hand downwardly turn in top fall, T-shaped column plug(16)Lose outer Power, Long Circle cylinder body(1)Methane gas in interior coal seam with gas (6) will push the T-shaped column plug for losing external force open(16), Coal sample is from Long Circle cylinder body(1)Sprayed in the through hole on right side, the amount and power size sprayed according to coal sample, so that it is determined that being:No Prominent, weak protrusion, protrusion or strong prominent, obtain the sample data whether a coal road protrudes;
K. test of many times is carried out according to different briquetting pressures, different crustal stress and gas pressure, you can obtain multiple samples Data, multiple sample datas are handled using techniques of discriminant analysis, so as to draw the protrusion parameter and coal road protrude whether phase The critical value closed and protruded.
2. a kind of analog detection coal road for realizing claim 1 methods described protrudes the dress of parameter and prominent relation and rule Put, it is characterised in that:It includes placing coal seam with gas(6)Long Circle cylinder body(1), Long Circle cylinder body(1)It is provided with and is placed in Coal seam with gas(6)On sealing plate(5), sealing plate(5)It is provided with compression leg(3), compression leg(3)With sealing plate(5)It is fixed on one Rise, compression leg(3)On be symmetrically provided with setting pressure-bearing rod(4)Circular hole, described Long Circle cylinder body(1)It is respectively equipped with front and back sides Inflation inlet(15), left surface is provided with pressure gauge connection(12), right flank is provided with to coal seam with gas(6)Drilling or observation contain Gas coal body(6)The through hole of middle Gas Outburst, through hole are provided with measure coal road and protrude parameter or the sealing of hole dress for prominent simulation Put;The Long Circle cylinder body(1)Bottom is provided with supporting plate(2), supporting plate(2)It is provided with the convenient screw carried;Described sealing plate (5)For double-layer seal plate, double-layer seal plate is provided with O-ring seal.
3. analog detection coal road according to claim 2 protrudes the device of parameter and prominent relation and rule, its feature It is:The hole sealing device that the measure coal road protrudes parameter includes the T-shaped tubulose plug of built-in mixed mud(7), be located at T-shaped tubulose Plug(7)On plug closure(8), the T-shaped tubulose plug(7)Upper and lower sides be provided with fix bar, the short fix bar in top (13)On be hinged with the be hinged turnover panel of a square plate with holes(10), lower minister's fix bar(14)Front end be and upper articulation turnover panel (10)Corresponding square plate with holes, it is fitted with upper and lower two square plates with holes and acts against T-shaped tubulose plug(7)On in Pneumatics plate(9), the side of upper and lower two square plates with holes is equipped with fixed hollow pressing plate(9)Forcing screw(11).
4. analog detection coal road according to claim 2 protrudes the device of parameter and prominent relation and rule, its feature It is:The hole sealing device for being used for prominent simulation includes T-shaped column plug(16), T-shaped column plug(16)Insert Long Circle Cylinder body(1)After the through hole on right side, inserted equally in upper and lower two square plates with holes and act against T-shaped column plug(16)On Pressing plate(17), pass through the forcing screw in the side of upper and lower two square plates with holes(11)Fixation clip(17).
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