CN104865468B - Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse shield effectiveness measurement apparatus and method - Google Patents
Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse shield effectiveness measurement apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种雷电电磁脉冲屏蔽效能测量装置与方法，包括直流高压发生器、充电开关、限流电阻、无感脉冲电容、嵌钨开关、交直流分压器、可调电感、大型传输线、可调水阻、脉冲电场光纤测量系统、脉冲磁场光纤测量系统、屏蔽柜和示波器，其特征在于：直流高压发生器通过充电开关和限流电阻给无感脉冲电容充电到给定电压后，由嵌钨开关将电容储存的能量通过可调电感对大型传输线和可调水阻放电，产生雷电电磁脉冲，被测屏蔽体置于传输线内，同时测量屏蔽体内外的脉冲电磁场，计算其屏蔽效能。能比较真实地同时测量屏蔽体对各种雷电电磁脉冲电场和磁场的屏蔽效能。
The invention relates to a lightning electromagnetic pulse shielding effectiveness measurement device and method, including a DC high-voltage generator, a charging switch, a current-limiting resistor, a non-inductive pulse capacitor, a tungsten-embedded switch, an AC-DC voltage divider, an adjustable inductance, a large transmission line, Adjustable water resistance, pulse electric field optical fiber measurement system, pulse magnetic field optical fiber measurement system, shielding cabinet and oscilloscope, characterized in that: after the DC high voltage generator charges the non-inductive pulse capacitor to a given voltage through the charging switch and the current limiting resistor, the The tungsten switch discharges the energy stored in the capacitor through the adjustable inductance to the large transmission line and the adjustable water resistance to generate lightning electromagnetic pulses. The shielding body to be tested is placed in the transmission line, and the pulse electromagnetic field inside and outside the shielding body is measured at the same time to calculate its shielding effectiveness. The shielding effectiveness of the shielding body against various lightning electromagnetic pulse electric fields and magnetic fields can be measured more realistically and simultaneously.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于雷电电磁脉冲屏蔽测量领域，尤其涉及屏蔽体的雷电电磁脉冲电场和磁场屏蔽效能测量的测量装置和测量方法。The invention belongs to the field of lightning electromagnetic pulse shielding measurement, in particular to a measuring device and a measuring method for measuring the lightning electromagnetic pulse electric field and magnetic field shielding effectiveness of a shielding body.
背景技术Background technique
随着微电子技术的发展，电磁兼容问题在各行各业彰显重要。雷电电磁脉冲是自然界普遍存在的电磁脉冲，会干扰甚至破坏电子设备。因此为了抑制雷电电磁脉冲对电子设备的影响，通常采用屏蔽措施，设置一个屏蔽装置，对电子设备进行屏蔽，保护电子设备。常用的屏蔽装置包括屏蔽室、屏蔽柜和屏蔽箱。而屏蔽装置对雷电电磁脉冲的屏蔽效能要经过测量才能知道其屏蔽效能是否达到设计和使用要求。With the development of microelectronics technology, electromagnetic compatibility issues have become important in all walks of life. Lightning electromagnetic pulse is an electromagnetic pulse that is ubiquitous in nature and can interfere or even destroy electronic equipment. Therefore, in order to suppress the influence of the lightning electromagnetic pulse on the electronic equipment, shielding measures are usually adopted, and a shielding device is installed to shield the electronic equipment and protect the electronic equipment. Commonly used shielding devices include shielding rooms, shielding cabinets and shielding boxes. However, the shielding effectiveness of the shielding device for lightning electromagnetic pulse must be measured to know whether its shielding effectiveness meets the design and use requirements.
以往的脉冲电场和脉冲磁场屏蔽效能测量使用便携式小测试系统进行局部测量，与实际环境有所不同，所测得的屏蔽效能只能近似参考，并不真正代表被测的屏蔽体的屏蔽效能，而且脉冲电场和脉冲磁场两种屏蔽效能要分开测量，效率不高。以往的电磁脉冲模拟器产生的波形基本固定，要调整波形的上升时间和宽度参数很不方便。In the past, the shielding effectiveness of pulsed electric field and pulsed magnetic field was measured locally using a small portable test system, which is different from the actual environment. The measured shielding effectiveness can only be approximated as a reference, and does not really represent the shielding effectiveness of the shield under test. Moreover, the two shielding effects of pulsed electric field and pulsed magnetic field have to be measured separately, which is not efficient. The waveform generated by the previous electromagnetic pulse simulator is basically fixed, and it is inconvenient to adjust the rise time and width parameters of the waveform.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足之处，提供大型的雷电电磁脉冲屏蔽效能测量装置与方法，可对屏蔽体进行整体的雷电脉冲电场和磁场屏蔽效能进行同时测量，得到真实可靠的测量结果，为对雷电电磁脉冲间接效应防护提供设计依据。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, provide a large-scale lightning electromagnetic pulse shielding effectiveness measurement device and method, which can simultaneously measure the overall lightning pulse electric field and magnetic field shielding effectiveness of the shielding body, and obtain true and reliable measurement As a result, it provides a design basis for protection against the indirect effects of lightning electromagnetic pulses.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：一种雷电电磁脉冲屏蔽效能测量装置，包括直流高压发生器、充电开关、限流电阻、无感脉冲电容、嵌钨开关、交直流分压器、可调电感、大型有界波传输线、可调水阻、脉冲电场光纤测量系统、脉冲磁场光纤测量系统、屏蔽柜和示波器，其特征在于：直流高压发生器通过充电开关和限流电阻给无感脉冲电容充电到给定电压后，由嵌钨开关将电容储存的能量通过可调电感对大型传输线和可调水阻放电，产生雷电电磁脉冲。The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a lightning electromagnetic pulse shielding effectiveness measurement device, including a DC high voltage generator, a charging switch, a current limiting resistor, a non-inductive pulse capacitor, a tungsten embedded switch, an AC/DC voltage divider, Adjustable inductance, large-scale bounded wave transmission line, adjustable water resistance, pulsed electric field optical fiber measurement system, pulsed magnetic field optical fiber measurement system, shielding cabinet and oscilloscope, characterized in that: the DC high voltage After the pulse capacitor is charged to a given voltage, the tungsten-embedded switch discharges the energy stored in the capacitor through the adjustable inductance to the large transmission line and the adjustable water resistance to generate lightning electromagnetic pulses.
所述的限流电阻，其特征在于：限流电阻由绝缘套管内充纯净水、两端安装兼作密封用的导电连接器组成，外套磁环，抑制脉冲反击，保护直流高压发生器。The current-limiting resistor is characterized in that: the current-limiting resistor is composed of an insulating sleeve filled with pure water, conductive connectors are installed at both ends and used as a seal, and a magnetic ring is coated to suppress pulse counterattack and protect the DC high voltage generator.
所述的交直流分压器，其特征在于：既可以对直流高电压分压，又可对交流高电压分压，测量脉冲信号。The AC/DC voltage divider is characterized in that it can not only divide the DC high voltage, but also divide the AC high voltage to measure the pulse signal.
所述的可调电感，其特征在于：可调电感由铜线和耐高压的绝缘胶皮组成导体，外套磁环，调整导体的形状和磁环能调整其电感量。通过调整可调电感可产生不同上升时间的雷电电磁脉冲，满足不同需求。The adjustable inductance is characterized in that: the adjustable inductance is composed of copper wire and high-voltage insulating rubber as a conductor, covered with a magnetic ring, and the inductance can be adjusted by adjusting the shape of the conductor and the magnetic ring. By adjusting the adjustable inductance, lightning electromagnetic pulses with different rise times can be generated to meet different needs.
所述的大型有界波传输线，前后都有过渡段，中间是有效工作空间；前过渡段与可调电感连接，后过渡段与可调水阻连接。The large-scale bounded wave transmission line has transition sections at the front and back, and an effective working space in the middle; the front transition section is connected to the adjustable inductance, and the rear transition section is connected to the adjustable water resistance.
所述的可调水阻，其特征在于：可调水阻由绝缘管、两端的电极以及内灌硫酸铜溶液组成；所述的两端的电极，其下端的电极固定密封，上端电极装有可调电极，可上下移动来调整电阻值的大小。通过调整可调水阻，能产生不同脉冲宽度的雷电电磁脉冲，满足不同需求。The adjustable water resistance is characterized in that: the adjustable water resistance is composed of an insulating tube, electrodes at both ends and copper sulfate solution; the electrodes at the two ends are fixed and sealed, and the upper electrode is equipped with an adjustable Adjust the electrode, you can move up and down to adjust the size of the resistance value. By adjusting the adjustable water resistance, lightning electromagnetic pulses with different pulse widths can be generated to meet different needs.
一种雷电电磁脉冲屏蔽效能测量方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：A method for measuring lightning electromagnetic pulse shielding effectiveness is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) 控制直流高压发生器给脉冲电容充电，通过嵌钨开关放电，测量传输线有效空间产生的雷电电磁脉冲波形，如果波形参数不满足要求，先调整可调水阻使波形的脉冲宽度满足要求，再调整可调电感，使波形的上升时间满足要求；1) Control the DC high voltage generator to charge the pulse capacitor, discharge through the tungsten embedded switch, and measure the lightning electromagnetic pulse waveform generated in the effective space of the transmission line. If the waveform parameters do not meet the requirements, first adjust the adjustable water resistance to make the pulse width of the waveform meet the requirements. Then adjust the adjustable inductance to make the rise time of the waveform meet the requirements;
2) 将被测的屏蔽体放于大型有界波传输线有效工作空间中；2) Place the shield under test in the effective working space of a large bounded wave transmission line;
3) 在被测屏蔽体外放低灵敏度的脉冲电场光纤测量系统和脉冲磁场光纤测量系统，在被测屏蔽体内放高灵敏度的脉冲电场光纤测量系统和脉冲磁场光纤测量系统；3) Place a low-sensitivity pulsed electric field fiber optic measurement system and a pulsed magnetic field fiber optic measurement system outside the shielded body under test, and place a high-sensitivity pulsed electric field fiber optic measurement system and pulsed magnetic field fiber optic measurement system inside the shielded body to be tested;
4) 控制直流高压发生器对脉冲电容充电到给定值，通过嵌钨开关放电，产生雷电电磁脉冲，测量屏蔽体内、外的脉冲电场和磁场波形；4) Control the DC high-voltage generator to charge the pulse capacitor to a given value, discharge through the tungsten embedded switch, generate lightning electromagnetic pulse, and measure the pulse electric field and magnetic field waveform inside and outside the shield;
5）对测到屏蔽体内、外的脉冲电场和磁场波形数据进行数字低通滤波，求取外部脉冲电场峰值E 0、磁场峰值B 0，以及内部脉冲电场峰值E 1、脉冲磁场峰值B 1，被测屏蔽体雷电电磁脉冲电场屏蔽效能SE E由式（1）计算：5) Perform digital low-pass filtering on the pulsed electric field and magnetic field waveform data measured inside and outside the shielding body, and calculate the peak value of the external pulsed electric field E 0 , peak value of the magnetic field B 0 , and the peak value of the internal pulsed electric field E 1 and peak value of the pulsed magnetic field B 1 , The lightning electromagnetic pulse electric field shielding effectiveness SE E of the shielding body under test is calculated by formula (1):
（1） (1)
被测屏蔽体雷电电磁脉冲磁场屏蔽效能SE M由式（2）计算：The lightning electromagnetic pulse magnetic field shielding effectiveness SE M of the shielding body under test is calculated by formula (2):
（2） (2)
6）调整被测屏蔽体的方向，对其每个正交方向的屏蔽能进行多次测量，并做好记录；6) Adjust the direction of the shielding body to be tested, and perform multiple measurements on the shielding in each orthogonal direction, and make records;
7) 对每个方向的多次屏蔽效能测量数值，去掉最大值和最小值，取其余中间值的平均值作为该方向的屏蔽效能，最后取各个方向的屏蔽效能的最小值作为被测屏蔽体的屏蔽效能。7) For multiple shielding effectiveness measurements in each direction, remove the maximum and minimum values, take the average value of the remaining intermediate values as the shielding effectiveness in this direction, and finally take the minimum value of the shielding effectiveness in each direction as the shielding body under test shielding effectiveness.
本发明与现有技术相比，其显著优点是：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the remarkable advantages of:
1、能比较真实地测量屏蔽体的雷电电磁脉冲屏蔽效能。1. It can measure the lightning electromagnetic pulse shielding effectiveness of the shielding body more realistically.
2、雷电电磁脉冲波形参数可调，能产生不同需求雷电电磁脉冲波形。2. The parameters of the lightning electromagnetic pulse waveform can be adjusted, which can produce different demand lightning electromagnetic pulse waveforms.
3、能够同时测量雷电电磁脉冲电场和磁场屏蔽效能。3. It can simultaneously measure the lightning electromagnetic pulse electric field and magnetic field shielding effectiveness.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的大型雷电电磁脉冲模拟器等效电路图；Fig. 1 is the equivalent circuit diagram of large-scale lightning electromagnetic pulse simulator of the present invention;
图2是本发明的屏蔽体的雷电电磁脉冲电磁场屏蔽效能测量示意图；Fig. 2 is the lightning electromagnetic pulse electromagnetic field shielding effectiveness measurement schematic diagram of shielding body of the present invention;
图3是本发明的可调水阻示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the adjustable water resistance of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施方式来对本发明作进一步地详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例：参考图1和图2所示，雷电电磁脉冲屏蔽效能测量装置，包括大型雷电电磁脉冲模拟器和雷电电磁脉冲测量系统。所述的大型雷电电磁脉冲模拟器，如图1所示，包括直流高压发生器1、充电开关2、限流电阻3、无感脉冲电容4、交直流分压器8、嵌钨开关5、可调电感6、大型月界波传输线7、可调水阻9，其特征在于：直流高压发生器1通过充电开关2和限流电阻3给无感脉冲电容4充电到给定电压后，由嵌钨开关5将电容储存的能量通过可调电感6对大型有界波传输线7和可调水阻9放电，产生雷电电磁脉冲。所述的雷电电磁脉冲测量系统，包括脉冲电场光纤测量系统（分低灵敏度和高灵敏度2套）、脉冲磁场光纤测量系统（分低灵敏度和高灵敏度2套）、屏蔽柜和示波器。Embodiment: Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the lightning electromagnetic pulse shielding effectiveness measurement device includes a large-scale lightning electromagnetic pulse simulator and a lightning electromagnetic pulse measurement system. Described large-scale lightning electromagnetic pulse simulator, as shown in Figure 1, comprises DC high-voltage generator 1, charge switch 2, current limiting resistor 3, non-inductive pulse capacitor 4, AC-DC voltage divider 8, embedded tungsten switch 5, Adjustable inductance 6, large lunar boundary wave transmission line 7, adjustable water resistance 9, characterized in that: after the DC high voltage generator 1 charges the non-inductive pulse capacitor 4 to a given voltage through the charging switch 2 and the current limiting resistor 3, the The tungsten-embedded switch 5 discharges the energy stored in the capacitor through the adjustable inductance 6 to the large bounded wave transmission line 7 and the adjustable water resistance 9 to generate lightning electromagnetic pulses. The lightning electromagnetic pulse measurement system includes a pulse electric field fiber optic measurement system (two sets of low sensitivity and high sensitivity), a pulse magnetic field fiber optic measurement system (two sets of low sensitivity and high sensitivity), a shielding cabinet and an oscilloscope.
所述的限流电阻，其特征在于：限流电阻由绝缘套管内充纯净水、两端安装兼作密封用的导电连接器组成，外套磁环，抑制脉冲反击，保护直流高压发生器。The current-limiting resistor is characterized in that: the current-limiting resistor is composed of an insulating sleeve filled with pure water, conductive connectors are installed at both ends and used as a seal, and a magnetic ring is coated to suppress pulse counterattack and protect the DC high voltage generator.
所述的交直流分压器，其特征在于：既可以对直流高电压分压，又可对交流高电压分压，测量脉冲信号；其输出可分成2路，一路到直流电压表，能监测脉冲电容上所充的直流电压，另一路可接数字示波器，用于监测模拟器产生的脉冲电压波形。选用的交直流分压器型号为SUG-200，其输入电阻大于1GΩ，分压比为1000倍。The AC-DC voltage divider is characterized in that: it can not only divide the DC high voltage, but also can divide the AC high voltage to measure the pulse signal; its output can be divided into two paths, one to the DC voltmeter, which can monitor The DC voltage charged on the pulse capacitor can be connected to a digital oscilloscope on the other side to monitor the pulse voltage waveform generated by the simulator. The model of the selected AC-DC voltage divider is SUG-200, its input resistance is greater than 1GΩ, and the voltage division ratio is 1000 times.
所述的可调电感，其特征在于：可调电感由铜线和耐高压的绝缘胶皮组成导体，外套磁环，调整导体的形状和磁环能调整其电感量。通过调整可调电感可产生不同上升时间的雷电电磁脉冲，满足不同需求。The adjustable inductance is characterized in that: the adjustable inductance is composed of copper wire and high-voltage insulating rubber as a conductor, covered with a magnetic ring, and the inductance can be adjusted by adjusting the shape of the conductor and the magnetic ring. By adjusting the adjustable inductance, lightning electromagnetic pulses with different rise times can be generated to meet different needs.
所述的大型有界波传输线，外型如图2所示，前后都有过渡段，中间是有效工作空间；前过渡段与可调电感连接，后过渡段与可调水阻连接。有效工作空间长10 m，宽8 m，高5m。The large-scale bounded wave transmission line has an appearance as shown in Figure 2, with transition sections at the front and back, and an effective working space in the middle; the front transition section is connected to the adjustable inductance, and the rear transition section is connected to the adjustable water resistance. The effective working space is 10m long, 8m wide and 5m high.
结合图3，所述的可调水阻，包括材料为有机玻璃的绝缘管12、铜材的下端电极13和上端电极11、安装在上端电极上的可上下移动的可调电极10；绝缘管12内充满CuSO4溶液，调整可调电极10上下位置可调整其电阻值大小，能产生不同脉冲宽度的雷电电磁脉冲，满足不同需求。In conjunction with Figure 3, the adjustable water resistance includes an insulating tube 12 made of plexiglass, a lower electrode 13 and an upper electrode 11 made of copper, and an adjustable electrode 10 mounted on the upper electrode that can move up and down; the insulating tube The interior of 12 is filled with CuSO 4 solution, and the resistance value can be adjusted by adjusting the upper and lower positions of the adjustable electrode 10, which can generate lightning electromagnetic pulses with different pulse widths to meet different needs.
一种雷电电磁脉冲屏蔽效能测量方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：A method for measuring lightning electromagnetic pulse shielding effectiveness is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) 控制直流高压发生器给脉冲电容充电，通过嵌钨开关放电，测量传输线有效空间产生的雷电电磁脉冲波形，如果波形参数不满足要求，先调整可调水阻使波形的脉冲宽度满足要求，再调整可调电感，使波形的上升时间满足要求；1) Control the DC high voltage generator to charge the pulse capacitor, discharge through the tungsten embedded switch, and measure the lightning electromagnetic pulse waveform generated in the effective space of the transmission line. If the waveform parameters do not meet the requirements, first adjust the adjustable water resistance to make the pulse width of the waveform meet the requirements. Then adjust the adjustable inductance to make the rise time of the waveform meet the requirements;
2) 将被测的屏蔽体放于大型有界波传输线有效工作空间中；2) Place the shield under test in the effective working space of a large bounded wave transmission line;
3) 在被测屏蔽体外放低灵敏度的脉冲电场光纤测量系统和脉冲磁场光纤测量系统，在被测屏蔽体内放高灵敏度的脉冲电场光纤测量系统和脉冲磁场光纤测量系统；3) Place a low-sensitivity pulsed electric field fiber optic measurement system and a pulsed magnetic field fiber optic measurement system outside the shielded body under test, and place a high-sensitivity pulsed electric field fiber optic measurement system and pulsed magnetic field fiber optic measurement system inside the shielded body to be tested;
4) 控制直流高压发生器给脉冲电容充电到给定值，通过嵌钨开关放电，产生雷电电磁脉冲，测量屏蔽体内、外的脉冲电场和磁场波形；4) Control the DC high-voltage generator to charge the pulse capacitor to a given value, discharge through the tungsten embedded switch, generate lightning electromagnetic pulse, and measure the pulse electric field and magnetic field waveform inside and outside the shield;
5）对测到屏蔽体内、外的脉冲电场和磁场波形数据用截止频率为1MHz的数字低通滤波器进行滤波，求取外部脉冲电场峰值E 0、磁场峰值B 0，以及内部脉冲电场峰值E 1、脉冲磁场峰值B 1，被测屏蔽体雷电电磁脉冲电场屏蔽效能SE E由式（1）计算：5) Filter the pulsed electric field and magnetic field waveform data measured inside and outside the shield with a digital low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 1MHz, and obtain the peak value of the external pulsed electric field E 0 , the peak value of the magnetic field B 0 , and the peak value of the internal pulsed electric field E 1. The peak value of the pulsed magnetic field B 1 , the shielding effectiveness SE E of the lightning electromagnetic pulse electric field of the shielding body under test is calculated by formula (1):
（1） (1)
被测屏蔽体雷电电磁脉冲磁场屏蔽效能SE M由式（2）计算：The lightning electromagnetic pulse magnetic field shielding effectiveness SE M of the shielding body under test is calculated by formula (2):
（2） (2)
6）调整被测屏蔽体的方向，对其每个正交方向的屏蔽效能进行多次测量，并做好记录；6) Adjust the direction of the shielding body under test, measure the shielding effectiveness of each orthogonal direction several times, and make records;
7) 对每个方向的多次屏蔽效能测量值，去掉最大值和最小值，取其余中间值的平均值作为该方向的屏蔽效能，最后取各个方向的屏蔽效能的最小值作为被测屏蔽体的屏蔽效能。7) For multiple shielding effectiveness measurements in each direction, remove the maximum and minimum values, take the average value of the remaining intermediate values as the shielding effectiveness in this direction, and finally take the minimum value of the shielding effectiveness in each direction as the shielding body under test shielding effectiveness.
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