CN1048430C - Method and device for selecting useful minerals - Google Patents

Abstract

The method for concentrating useful minerals, mainly gold-containing ores, comprises: inputting a slurry fluid containing valuable component particles and gangue particles to be processed into a processing zone, forming a capture covering layer in the processing zone to fill the valuable component particles. For this purpose, an uneven flow resistance to the length and width of the slurry fluid acting on the longitudinal movement of the slurry fluid is established, and a static vortex is formed in the lower slurry fluid part, the speed of which is greater than the settling speed of the gangue particles and less than the settling speed of the valuable component particles; while passing through the processing zone, the slurry fluid is laterally deflected and forms a spiral flow whose axial direction is consistent with the flow direction of the deflected slurry fluid.

Description

Method and device for selecting useful minerals

The present invention generally relates to beneficiation equipment and technology for beneficiating useful minerals, mainly gold-bearing minerals, and in particular to a method and device for beneficiating useful minerals.

The so far known beneficiation of useful minerals, especially the re-election methods and devices for gold-bearing ores, is based on the following process: a trapping layer is established in the pulp processing area, and the valuable components of the processed pulp are used The cover is filled, during which the trapping capacity of the cover is restored, and the cover is flushed with accumulated valuable components.

Various approaches to the problem of restoring the capture capacity of the overburden exist. For example, structural improvement of the elements of the beneficiation plant specially used for beneficiation of useful minerals (especially at its bottom) (DE A 719647), or the installation of additional moving elements in the construction of the beneficiation plant, such as with baffles Grille (SU A 724194), or exciter (DE A285909) for applying vibration and shaking to the bottom.

However, the technical solutions known so far either have low extraction grades of valuable components (DE A719647), or are heavy in structure due to the inclusion of a large number of moving elements and/or energy-consuming units (SUA 724194, DE A 285909), which affects the precision. The reliability of operating the process with selected minerals makes the process more expensive. An existing method for beneficiation of useful minerals is known (SU A1540085), which consists of establishing a trapping cover layer composed of heavy-magnetic concentrates of valuable components in the slurry processing area, and inputting the processed slurry into the working zone, in a variable-strength magnetic field, fills the trapping blanket with valuable components from the treated pulp, loosens it during the filling process with a pulsating magnetic field, thereby restoring the trapping capacity of the blanket, and finally flushes the entrainment A trapping blanket that accumulates valuable components.

The method described above restores the trapping capacity of the cover layer without mechanical action. However, this method requires the establishment of an artificial capture overlay from heavy-magnetic concentrates of valuable components that are pre-extracted from the ore and, after classification, fed into the slurry treatment area in the slurry Before, it was dispersed into various areas of the pulp processing area. In addition, the practical application of the above method consumes a large amount of energy to create a magnetic field, and requires a complex system to control the strength of said magnetic field, which requires precise and accurate measurement, monitoring and execution instruments, devices and mechanisms, which This makes the method very expensive and affects its reliability.

In addition, as the pulp flows forward across the processing zone, its turbulence is greatly reduced, which eliminates the selective precipitation of valuable component particles, affecting the grade of the extract and thus its enrichment . In addition, as the slurry flows forward along the treatment zone, gangue particles with valuable components accumulate around the perimeter of the zone and on the surface of the trapping cover, resulting in accumulation due to the reduced turbulence of the slurry flow. The gangue layers are cemented together, which affects the extraction and enrichment levels of useful minerals.

In conclusion, the method in question is not advisable for the beneficiation of difficult-to-wash argillaceous rocks, and rocks and boulders prone to agglomerate formation, since both agglomerates and boulders can destroy artificially trapped overburden, Make it impossible to fill the particles with valuable components.

It is known that there is a device for beneficiating useful minerals (see textbook "Gravity concentration methods", pages 285-288, V.N.Shcokhin and A.G.Lopatin 1980 in NedraPH, Moscow, Russia) (of.the textbook "Gravity concentration methods" by V.N. Shokhin and A.G.Lopatin, 1980, Nedra PH, Moscow, pp.285-288 (in Russian)) consist of an inlet section and a Parallel additions. Each section has straight side walls and a bottom on which gratings are removably mounted with baffles forming right angles to the side walls of the section and sloping towards the bottom in the direction of slurry movement.

With said device it is possible to build up a naturally occurring trapping blanket in the grid on the bottom of that part for the accumulation of valuable components.

However, the described structural arrangement of this part cannot create an alternating force acting on the trapping cap aimed at restoring the trapping capacity of the cap and also eliminates the selective action on the value component particles so that Any possibility of accelerating their subsidence. As a result, the trapping blanket is filled with fragments of valuable components (ie gangue particles) which, in turn, are accelerated in the parts of the sidewalls and blanket due to the lack of alternating loads acting on the slurry flow. accumulation on the surface. The result is a reduction in the turbulence of the slurry flow, which would adversely affect the extraction grade of valuable components and possibly impair the availability of the plant.

Therefore, the main and basic object of the present invention is to provide a process for the beneficiation of valuable minerals characterized by the action of forces on the slurry flow and the trapping overburden, and a process that can increase the value of valuable components of the useful minerals. A device characterized by the setting and structural arrangement of various parts of the extraction (recovery) level.

The solution to achieve the above purpose is to provide a method for beneficiating useful minerals, mainly gold-bearing minerals. The method comprises: inputting the processed pulp into the processing zone, said pulp containing a liquid phase and a solid phase, the solid phase is composed of particles of valuable components to be captured during the processing of the pulp and to be collected during the processing of the pulp formed by the combination of gangue particles removed in the process to form a stream of said treated slurry, which is then accelerated and advanced along the length of the treatment zone to build up a trapping blanket that fills the trap with particles of valuable components. Collect the cover layer, restore the capture capacity of the cover layer while filling the valuable component particles, and then flush the capture cover layer filled with the accumulated valuable components; as described in the present invention, in order to restore the capture of the cover layer capacity, during the flow of the slurry fluid through the initial part, a static vortex is generated at its lower boundary, the vortex has a rotation axis perpendicular to the input direction of the slurry flow, while restoring the trapping capacity of the overburden, Filling the trapping blanket with particles of valuable components, flushing the trapping blanket with accumulated valuable components; according to the invention, in order to restore the trapping capacity of the blanket, the slurry flow is given in the treatment zone Longitudinal movement sets up a flow resistance which is inhomogeneous for the length and width of the pulp flow; a static vortex is created at the lower boundary of the pulp flow, and the axis of rotation of the vortex forms an angle with the input direction of the pulp flow, so The purpose of the vortex is to apply an orbital velocity to the particles of the solid phase of the pulp, which is greater than the settling velocity of the gangue particles, but less than the trapping velocity of the valuable component particles; when the slurry fluid flows through the processing area, it is folded The deflection from its input direction causes an impact force to act on the side boundary of the slurry flow and creates a helical flow whose axis is in line with the direction of the deflected slurry flow.

In a practical application of the method, an increased intentional turbulence can be imposed on the processing slurry flow over the entire extent of the processing zone, the trapping blanket loosens due to the kinetic energy of the slurry flow, and during the processing Any possibility of gelation of the overburden and accumulation of gangue particles with valuable components is eliminated over the entire width and length of the zone. As a result, the settling of valuable component particles is facilitated and the reliability of this settling is increased, ultimately leading to the extraction and enrichment of high-grade useful minerals.

The lateral deflection of the slurry flow displaces at least the surface layer of the trapping cover in the direction of the slurry flow deflection and creates areas of overpressure and low pressure at various points in the treatment zone due to removal of lighter gangue particles therefrom and accumulation of Particles of heavier valuable components, especially gold components, facilitate recovery of the trapping capacity of the overlay.

Due to the flow resistance set for the longitudinal flow of the pulp flow, and the non-uniformity of the length and width of the pulp flow, the solid phase particles in the pulp flow are relatively moved under the inertial force. This in turn - among other results - promotes the formation of local turbulent eddies on the surface of solid phase particles, the stronger the vortex, the greater the density of the particles, and increases the particle-to-particle distance. The number of collisions, the more the number of collisions, the greater the mass of the particles. As a result, the valuable component particles with the greatest density—with a relatively uniform composition of the solid phase—and the greatest mass encounter the greatest resistance to flow in their longitudinal motion, lose kinetic energy, and settle down in the gravitational field, Thus making the trapping overlay essentially consist of the latter being trapped, this intensifies the process of filling the trapping overlay with valuable components and thus increases the extraction grade of the latter components.

The static vortex formed at the boundary of the lower slurry fluid can loosely trap the overburden, i.e. re-suspend the settled gangue particles, thus establishing the spiral flow of its slurry flow is beneficial for the gangue particles to pass through the entire slurry fluid. Longitudinal movement of the section without settling down. This allows them to be carried out of the processing area, thus improving the extraction and enrichment levels of useful minerals.

It is advantageous to generate an optimal force on the solid phase of the slurry being processed, the condition of which force is large enough to move the gangue particles, but not enough to cause the particles of valuable components to be entrained by hydraulic force . For this purpose, the slurry flow is deflected by an angle of 0.5 to 45° in the transverse direction.

The axis of rotation of each static vortex in the deflected pulp fluid portion preferably forms an angle with the axis of rotation of each static vortex in the initial pulp fluid portion substantially equal to the angle by which the pulp fluid is deflected in the transverse direction.

The above-mentioned features are conducive to making the gangue particles slide from the periphery to the central part of the slurry fluid under the action of the lateral fluid flow near the bottom, so that the particles remain in a suspended state, and then the main fluid takes the particles away from the treatment area and eliminates The lateral movement and entrainment of particles of settled valuable components, including fine particles, are prevented. This in turn increases the extraction level of said components due to the retention of its fine particles, plus particle analysis of the appropriate particles of valuable components. In addition, since more gangue particles are carried away from the treatment zone, the enrichment level of the treated material can also be increased.

The helical flow may lose its kinetic energy as the slurry fluid flows forward through the processing zone. This is why, in order to periodically increase said energy, it is necessary to additionally deflect the pulp fluid laterally as it flows through the treatment zone, while alternately changing the direction of said deflection. This enhances the removal of gangue particles and they do not settle over the entire length of the treatment zone, thereby improving the extraction and enrichment levels of useful minerals.

As the length of the treatment zone increases, the slurry fluid advancing along said zone loses its velocity. In order to increase the velocity of the slurry fluid it is advantageous to additionally accelerate it locally as it passes through the treatment zone. This intensifies all the above-mentioned processes carried out in the slurry and increases the level of extraction and enrichment of useful minerals.

In order to increase the degree of turbulence of the slurry fluid as it flows longitudinally through the treatment zone, and to improve the efficiency of the above-mentioned treatment process in the slurry fluid and in the capture cover, it is preferred that when the slurry fluid flows through the treatment zone, Locally increase or decrease the flow resistance present in its longitudinal movement, or deflect the slurry flow vertically by bending its lower boundary.

Therefore, the practical application of the above method can improve the extraction and enrichment level of valuable components of useful minerals.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a device for beneficiating useful minerals, which includes: an inlet part and at least one additional part, which are sequentially butted together and formed with the horizontal plane of the pulp input direction when placed. An angle, each section has side walls and a bottom with removable grilles, the grilles have baffles inclined towards the bottom in the direction of slurry fluid input, the baffles of the inlet section form right angles to their side walls and are parallel to each other, According to the invention, the additional section is laterally deflected to one of the two sides with respect to the inlet section so that the acute angle between the longitudinal axes of the two sections is between 0.5 and 45°, the baffles of the additional section grille are turned to align with the The said part is on the opposite side of the deflection direction with respect to the inlet part, and when placed forms an acute angle with the side wall of the additional part and thus with the baffle of the inlet part.

The structural arrangement of the proposed device makes it possible to effectively implement the above-mentioned method of beneficiating useful minerals. The device is extremely simple and does not have any power consuming or moving units and parts. The use of the device can accelerate the flow of the pulp fluid, because the flow resistance to the longitudinal movement of the pulp fluid and the inhomogeneity of the resistance in the length and width directions of the pulp fluid provide a recovery function for the trapping ability of the covering layer , said resistance is due to the installation of the above-mentioned baffled grille that can form a static vortex near the bottom between the baffles, the axis of rotation of which is oriented along the corresponding baffles, and orbital rotation The velocity is greater than the settling velocity of the gangue particles to be removed, but less than the settling velocity of the value component particles. In addition, the device enables a lateral deflection of the slurry fluid during its flow through the treatment zone, which can create an impact force on the slurry fluid in the area where the slurry fluid hits the side walls, and can generate an The lateral movement of the pulp in the direction of the baffle which, when combined with the deflected pulp flow, forms a helical flow in the direction of the deflected pulp flow. The helical flow prevents the settling of the gangue particles to be removed between the adjacent sidewall area and the baffle and provides movement of the particles over the entire cross-section of the slurry fluid, which improves the removal of useful minerals. Extraction and enrichment grades.

Therefore, just because the kinetic energy of the slurry fluid is used and the static element is set, the device can improve the extraction and enrichment level of useful minerals.

The acute angle between the inlet and the additional part is preferably substantially equal to the acute angle between the longitudinal axes of said two parts. This improves the movement conditions of gangue particles in the space between the baffles under the action of lateral flow near the bottom and eliminates the possibility of lateral movement and entrainment of valuable component particles, including fine particles , due to the retention of fine particles, coupled with the appropriate particle size composition of valuable components, the extraction grade of valuable components can be improved, and because the effect of taking away gangue particles from the treatment area is strengthened, the treated The enrichment level of the material.

When using at least two additional sections, the second section is preferably laterally deflected to either side relative to the preceding section such that the longitudinal axis of the second additional section is at an angle between 0.5 and 45° to the longitudinal axis of the inlet section. °, and deflect the baffle of the grille of the second additional part in the direction opposite to the deflection direction of said part relative to the front additional part, and place it at an acute angle with the side wall of the part where it is located, so as to be placed with the entrance Part of the baffle forms an acute angle.

Due to the repeated intensification of the lateral movement of the slurry fluid near the bottom region in the first additional section, which gradually weakens, the reintensification of the helical flow along the deflected slurry fluid movement in the second additional section prevents the lighter The gangue particles in the second additional part settle in the region of the side wall where the slurry fluid collides, thereby providing a settlement-free movement of the particles between the baffles and in the entire cross-section of the slurry fluid, increasing the value Extraction and enrichment levels of components.

The acute angle between the baffles of the inlet section and the baffles of the second additional section is preferably equal to the acute angle between the longitudinal axes of said two sections. This improves the movement conditions of the gangue particles in the space between the baffles under the action of the lateral flow from the side wall to the center near the bottom, and then relies on the force of the main flow to send the particles to the outside of the processing zone boundary. place, and eliminates the lateral movement and loss of valuable component particles including fine particles, due to the retention of fine particles, plus the appropriate particle size composition of valuable components, the extraction grade of valuable components can be improved , due to the enhanced removal of gangue particles from the treatment area, the enrichment level of the treated material is further improved.

Whenever at least three additional sections are used, it is preferred to abut each rear additional section on the front additional section and to deflect it relative to the inlet section at the same angle as the front additional section relative to the inlet section. Lateral deflection in the opposite direction.

This makes it possible to periodically deflect the slurry fluid laterally in different deflection directions when the slurry fluid advances along the longitudinal direction of the device, thus increasing the kinetic energy of the swirling flow generated in each part and strengthening the entrainment of gangue particles , without their settling across the entire width of each section over the full length of the device, which improves the extraction and enrichment levels of useful minerals.

In at least one additional section, it is advantageous for at least one baffle to be higher or lower than the baffle of the inlet section.

This makes it possible to intensify the local turbulence of the flow of the slurry in order to effectively break down the solid phase agglomerates contained in the valuable components in the working area of the device, thus increasing the extraction grade of said valuable components.

Preferably the bottom of at least one of the additional parts is at least partially convex or concave; more preferably the bottom is sinusoidal.

This allows it to deflect the slurry fluid vertically, causing it to flow in a curved line, creating an additional centrifugal force acting on the solid phase of the slurry, promoting the separation and settling of valuable component particles, and entraining the gangue particles to be removed, This improves the extraction and enrichment levels of valuable components.

It is also possible to dock at least one rear attachment part on the front attachment part with a greater or smaller inclination relative to the horizontal plane than the front attachment part.

This can improve the turbulent flow intensity of the slurry fluid and increase the destruction of solid phase agglomerates in the area where the slurry fluid falls to a rear additional part characterized by a smaller slope, so that when the slurry fluid flows to a subsequent The additional section, characterized by a greater slope, facilitates the acceleration of the pulp fluid and increases the intensity of the static vortex in the space between the baffles, which enables an increased enrichment and extraction grade of valuable components.

Preferably at least one baffle of the at least one additional section is positioned to have a greater or lesser slope to the corresponding bottom than each baffle of the inlet section has to the corresponding bottom.

This can insert an additional disturbance into the pulp fluid to increase the degree of inhomogeneity in the longitudinal flow resistance of the pulp fluid, forming an additional turbulent flow of the pulp fluid, thus improving the enrichment and extraction grade of valuable components .

In at least one additional part, it is also expedient to provide the grating with baffles only on a part of its bottom.

This can accelerate the flow of the slurry fluid to increase its kinetic energy at those additional parts without baffles, thereby strengthening the lateral flow caused by the impact of the slurry fluid on the side wall after deflecting to the side, and restoring the gap between the baffles. The static vortex in the space is capable of operating with sufficient orbital rotational speed to entrain the gangue particles to be removed and separate the valuable component particles therefrom.

Preferably at least one additional portion has curved and mutually parallel side walls, the baffles of each louver in said additional portion extending along a line through which a tangent at a point on each line meets the baffle of the inlet portion. The plates form an acute angle, and this acute angle is substantially equal to the angle between the longitudinal axis of the inlet portion and the longitudinal axis of said additional portion passing through said point.

This can further intensify the destruction of solid phase agglomerates containing valuable components in the working zone of the device due to the effect of alternating centrifugal forces from the flow of the pulp fluid around the curved side walls. In addition, this enables the establishment of slurry flow conditions such that the slurry solid phase is evenly distributed across the width of the treatment zone, thus increasing the enrichment and extraction grade of valuable components.

Preferably, at least at the discharge point of the bottom of the last part there are perforations, and these perforations can be closed periodically.

Since the possibility of their independent discharge is provided, flushing of the trapping cover layer containing valuable components is facilitated, which increases the reliability and quality of operation of the device.

Therefore, the extraction and enrichment grade of valuable components can be improved by using the device for beneficiating useful minerals of the present invention. In addition, the practical use of the present invention may result in a cheaper and more reliable method of beneficiating useful minerals.

With the various embodiments of the invention described, the invention can be used under fault terrain conditions.

Said method is carried out in the following manner.

The mineral to be beneficiated - for example a gold-bearing ore - containing particles of valuable components and gangue particles, is mixed with a liquid, for example water, to obtain a slurry which is subsequently fed into the processing zone, In the treatment zone, by means of common physical actions (for example, by arranging a system of several parts located at an oblique angle to the horizontal plane), the slurry being processed is formed into a slurry fluid, and it flows longitudinally along the treatment zone, wherein A trapping blanket is formed containing the solid phase of the slurry that settles in the treatment zone. The processing slurry fluid, as it passes along the processing zone, gradually fills the trapping overburden with valuable component particles separated from the processing slurry in the gravitational field. Simultaneously with the valuable components settling in the trapping overlay are gangue particles which affect the trapping capacity of the overlay. In order to improve the trapping capacity of the overburden, the flow of the treated slurry fluid is accelerated at the beginning of the input of the slurry into the treatment area (that is, at the beginning of the treatment area), so as to increase the kinetic energy of the slurry fluid. For example, the slurry fluid can be accelerated by properly selecting the operating conditions of the slurry fluid input device, or by applying a force to the slurry fluid at the boundary of the treatment zone. By using the above method, the kinetic energy of the slurry fluid is increased to generate strong turbulent flow, so as to recover the trapping ability of the overburden. To this end, the longitudinal movement of the slurry fluid as it advances through the treatment zone provides non-uniform flow resistance across the length and width of the slurry fluid. While flowing along the treatment zone, the slurry fluid interacts with local flow resistances, so its turbulence increases, and for this reason gangue particles are extracted from the trapping overburden and become suspended, resulting in restoration of The ability of the cover to trap particles.

It is due to such as changing the roughness of the lower and side boundaries of the treatment zone, inserting various flow restrictions, establishing a non-uniform flow resistance to the length and width of the slurry fluid, and exerting on its longitudinal movement, so that in The lower boundary of the slurry fluid forms a static vortex system, and the direction of the rotation axis of the static vortex forms an acute angle with the direction of the rotation axis of the vortex in the initial part. By utilizing the non-uniform flow resistance established by the above-described effects on the slurry fluid, the static vortex system is imparted with an orbital rotational velocity that is greater than the settling velocity of the gangue particles to be removed, but less than that which can be proposed here The method traps the settling velocity of the smallest particles of valuable components.

In order to ensure that the accumulation of gangue particles is prevented on the trapping cover layer or near the side boundary of the slurry fluid, that is, in places where the local slurry fluid velocity is low and the orbital rotation speed of the static vortex is reduced, the slurry fluid during the advancement process is transferred from the input The direction of the direction is laterally deflected to the side, forming an impact on the side boundary of the slurry fluid, establishing a lateral pressure gradient, and under its action, a lateral slurry movement is generated, when it is combined with the transport movement of the slurry fluid , resulting in a spiral flow whose axis is in line with the direction of the deflected pulp fluid. The aforementioned impulsive action on the lateral boundaries of the slurry fluid combined with the deflection of the slurry fluid and the lateral flow compensates for the unfavorable flow velocity drop near its boundaries and eliminates the accumulation of gangue particles in said zone. The helical flow created in this case facilitates the movement of the gangue particles across the width and length of the slurry fluid until they are completely discharged out of the treatment zone while keeping the trapped valuable component particles stationary . The optimum angle for lateral deflection of the slurry fluid is between 0.5 and 45°, said angle establishing an optimum force on the solid phase of the slurry being processed, which is large enough to move the gangue particles but Insufficient conditions to provide hydrodynamic entrainment of valuable component particles. In order to improve the sliding conditions of the gangue particles and keep them in suspension for their subsequent discharge from the treatment zone, the static vortices are formed in such a way that the axis of rotation of each static vortex in the deflected pulp fluid section The angle formed by the direction of and the direction of the rotation axis of the static vortex in the initial slurry fluid position is actually equal to the angle of the lateral deflection of the slurry fluid.

All the measures mentioned above have improved the extraction and enrichment level of valuable components.

The above-mentioned effect produced by the spiral flow can be enhanced by the following method, when the pulp fluid advances longitudinally, it is deflected laterally from time to time, and the effect of the centrifugal force on the solid pulp particles is enhanced by using the alternating direction of the deflection of the pulp fluid.

The additional centrifugal force can be caused by deflecting the slurry flow vertically from the input direction, i.e. by bending its path along a, for example sinusoidal, acting on the lower boundary of the slurry flow by any known method, such as mechanical force, Said additional centrifugal force is applied to the slurry solids to facilitate separation and settling of the value component particles, and to facilitate entrainment of the gangue particles.

Due to the local turbulence of the pulp fluid as it advances through the processing zone, an additional effect of separating valuable components and entrained gangue particles can be obtained by locally reducing or increasing the flow resistance acting on the longitudinal movement of the pulp fluid Said turbulence can be achieved, for example, by acting on the slurry flow with flow restrictions locally installed anywhere in the treatment zone, or by locally reducing the input angle of the slurry flow.

It is precisely because the kinetic energy of the slurry fluid is used to overcome local resistance when passing through the processing area, maintaining static vortex and local turbulent flow is greatly lost, so that the kinetic energy of the slurry fluid is reduced, especially when there is a relatively gentle slope of the slurry fluid relative to the horizontal plane in the case. In this case, all flow resistances are eliminated by specially provided acceleration measures in the treatment zone, or the slurry fluid is additionally accelerated locally by increasing the local flow gradient at individual locations in the treatment zone.

The above-mentioned action on the slurry fluid promotes the separation of valuable component particles from the gangue particles to be removed, as well as the accumulation of valuable component particles in the trapping overburden, thus increasing the value component Enrichment and extraction grades.

By introducing a liquid, such as water, into the treatment zone at a rate sufficient to wash and expel a layer of gangue particles that have accumulated during operation when the capture blanket is completely filled with valuable components , to flush the valuable components, so the valuable components are extracted, and the entire technical cycle is repeated. The method proposed here is described in more detail below by referring to the description of the operation of the apparatus for carrying out the method.

To help understand the present invention, some specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a two-part device of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a partially cut-away side view of a two-part device according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a five-part device according to the present invention;

Figure 4 is a partially cut-away side view of a five-part device according to the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a partial plan view of the present invention.

The best way to practice the invention

According to the present invention, the device for beneficiating valuable minerals, mainly gold-bearing ores, is mainly composed of an inlet part 1 (FIG. 1) and an additional part 2 connected together in series. Parts 1 and 2 (Fig. 2) form an inclination φ (Fig. 2) with the horizontal plane in the pulp input direction. Each section 1 and 2 (Fig. 1) has side walls 3, 4 and bottoms 5 and 6 (Fig. 2) on which are removably mounted ω1; ω2; ω3; lattice strips 7, 8 are arranged on the baffle plates 9, 10, 10' in the direction. The additional part 2 ( FIG. 1 ) is laterally deflected relative to the inlet part 1 . The angle of deflection of the additional part 2 relative to the inlet part 1 (ie the acute angle between their respective longitudinal axes a and bl) is 0.5 to 45°.

Such a structural arrangement allows the slurry fluid to interact with the side wall 4 of the section 2 when it enters the additional part 2. As a result, the slurry fluid obtains a lateral sub-motion of its motion, which corresponds to the relative entrance of the additional part 2. Tangent of part 1 deflection angle α1.

Said angle α1 is suitably chosen so that a force acting on the solid phase particles of the pulp being processed can be developed and this force is large enough to dislodge the gangue particles without providing for hydraulic entrainment of the value component particles of the pulp. condition.

When the deflection angle α1 of parts 1 and 2 is less than 0.5°, the transverse component of the velocity of the slurry fluid is such that the force generated by the slurry fluid and acting on the slurry particles in the trapping cover is smaller than the frictional force between said particles, And they cannot be made to move with each other, so the trapping layer cannot be loosened and its trapping ability restored, and the extraction of valuable components will be adversely affected.

When the deflection angle α1 of parts 1 and 2 is greater than 45°, the transverse component of the velocity of the slurry fluid exceeds its longitudinal component, which will lead to the destruction of the trapping layer, and the slurry fluid in the treated area will combine it with valuable components Take it with you.

In the inlet part 1, the baffles 9 of the gratings 7 are perpendicular to the side walls 3 of said part 1 and parallel to each other, which makes it possible to establish static vortices at the lower boundary of the slurry fluid, each of said static vortices The direction of the rotation axis is perpendicular to the input direction of the slurry fluid.

The deflection direction of the baffle plate 10 of the grid bar 8 in the additional part 2 is opposite to the deflection direction of the additional part 2 in which the baffle plate is installed relative to the inlet part 1, which can make the slurry fluid flow through the treatment area. A static vortex is formed at the lower boundary of , the direction of the rotation axis of the static vortex forms an acute angle with the rotation axis of the static vortex in the initial part.

The baffle 10 in the additional part 2 intersects its side wall 4 at an acute angle β1 and forms an acute angle γ1 with the baffle 9 of the inlet part 1, the baffle 9 in the inlet part 1 and the baffle 10 of the additional part 2 The acute angle γ1 between them is practically equal to the acute angle α1 between the respective longitudinal axes a and b1. This ensures the formation of a non-uniform resistance acting on the longitudinal movement of the pulp fluid, and at the same time, since the deflection direction of the baffle plate 10 is opposite to the deflection direction of the additional part 2 relative to the inlet part 1, the solid phase of the pulp can be uniform on the entire width of the treatment zone Partitioning and forming a local turbulent eddy that separates the gangue particles from the valuable component particles characterized by a higher density to enhance the settling of the valuable component particles on the trapping cover.

It is also possible for at least one baffle 10 ( FIG. 2 ) of the additional part 2 to have a height h1 which exceeds the height H of the baffle 9 of the inlet part 1 , or for the baffle 10 ′ to have a height H which is lower than the height H of the baffle 9 of the inlet part 1 The height h2. In addition, it is also possible to place at least one baffle 10 in the additional part 2 at an angle ω2 relative to the bottom 6 greater than the inclination angle ω1 of each baffle 9 of the inlet part 1 relative to the bottom 5, or to make the inclination of the baffle 10′ The angle ω3 is smaller than the angle of inclination ω1 of the baffle 9 of the inlet section 1 .

By adjusting the heights h1, h2 of the baffles 10, 10' of the additional part 2 as described above, and/or the inclination angles ω2, ω3 of said baffles 10, 10' corresponding to the bottom 6, the flow acting on the longitudinal movement of the pulp fluid The non-uniformity of the resistance can be increased or decreased according to the pre-set longitudinal velocity of the slurry fluid, so as to form an inertial force field, which is large enough to cause the valuable component particles to settle, and still be able to keep the gangue particles entrained. With the slurry fluid.

The device proposed here can be supplemented with at least one additional part 11 abutting against the preceding additional part 2 (Fig. 3) and laterally deflected to either side relative to it so that the inlet part 1 and the second additional part The angle α2 between the longitudinal axes (a, b2) of 11 is between 0.5 and 45°. In this embodiment, the baffles 12 of the grids 13 of the second additional part 11 are deflected in the opposite direction to the deflection of said part 11 with respect to the preceding additional part 2 and in parallel with the side walls 14 of the part 11 on which it is located. The acute angle β2 is positioned so as to define an acute angle γ2 together with the baffle 9 of the inlet part 1 . The acute angle γ2 defined between the baffle 9 of the inlet part 1 and the baffle 12 of the second additional part 11 is practically equal to the acute angle α2 between the longitudinal axes a and b2 of said two parts.

Figure 3 shows the proposed device in which the inlet part 1 and the four additional parts 2, 11, 15 and 16 are docked sequentially in such a way that each of the additional parts 11, 15 and 16 placed behind is docked on the The preceding additional parts 2, 11, 15 are respectively laterally deflected relative to the inlet part 1 in a direction opposite to the direction in which the preceding additional parts 2, 11 and 15 are laterally deflected relative to the inlet part 1. In other words, each of the additional parts 2 , 11 and 16 is deflected in opposite directions relative to the inlet part 1 . Every time the flow of the pulp fluid changes direction, the solid phase particles of the pulp being processed will be subjected to impact loads. The higher the impact load, the greater the absolute value of the change in the direction of the velocity vector of the pulp fluid. As a result, the clayey agglomerates are broken up and the particles of the valuable components are released therefrom, which increases the extraction grade of said valuable components.

All of the above-mentioned deflections with regard to the front attachment part 11 and the mounting of the corresponding stop 12 therein are likewise applicable to the subsequent addition parts 15 and 16 and their stops 17 , 18 .

The bottom 19 ( FIG. 4 ) of the at least one additional part 15 may be at least partially convex upward or concave downward. In a particular example shown in FIG. 4, the bottom 19 of the additional part 15 is sinusoidally shaped, ie partly convex and partly concave.

Each of the additional parts 2, 11, 15 and 16 can be docked to the preceding part 1, 2, 11 or 15 in such a way that its angle of inclination φ2, φ3, φ4, φ5 is greater or smaller than that of the preceding part 1 , 2, 11, 15 inclination angles φ1, φ2, φ3, φ4.

By changing the shape of the bottom 19 and/or the inclination angles φ2, φ3, φ4, and φ5 of the additional parts 2, 11, 15, 16, the longitudinal flow velocity of the slurry fluid can be set, and this velocity and the preset flow resistance Together, this results in the above-mentioned inertial force field acting on the value component particles and the gangue particles. Depending on the size and shape of the valuable component particles present in a given ore, and the level of its washability, by changing the shape of the bottom 19, respectively, or changing the angle of inclination φ2 of the additional parts 2, 11, 15, 16, φ3, φ4, φ5 can increase or decrease the longitudinal flow velocity of the pulp fluid at high or low repetition rates.

When the ore to be processed is characterized by a high content of valuable component particles with a large specific surface area, and/or when the overall size of the device is small, in order to improve the turbulence of the slurry fluid and the loose capture coating Efficiency requires periodic changes in the direction of the transverse partial velocity of the slurry fluid over a small processing zone area. In this case, it is possible to bend, ie bend or meander, the side walls 20 ( FIG. 5 ) of at least one additional portion 21 and make the two side walls parallel to each other. Each baffle 22 of the lattice 23 of said additional part 21 must extend along a line, the tangent (B) passing through each (M) on each line forms an acute angle γ3 with the baffle of the inlet part 1, said The angle γ3 is practically equal to the angle α3 between the longitudinal axis (a) of the inlet portion 1 and the longitudinal axis (b3) of said additional portion 21 passing through a given point (M).

For the purpose of a higher acceleration of the slurry being processed in its longitudinal flow, gratings 24 with baffles 12 can be provided in at least one additional section 11 only on the bottom 25 of the section (Fig. 3).

It is possible to perforate at least the exit sites of the bottom 6 (Fig. 1) and the bottom 26 (Fig. 3) of the last parts 2 (Fig. 1) and 16 (Fig. 3), the holes 27 (Fig. 4) can be closed periodically, e.g. The plate 28 is placed on the bottom 26 of the perforation of the last additional part 16 .

According to technical considerations, the number of additional parts 2, 11, 15, 16 and the size of angles α, β, γ can be selected in the above respective ranges, so that according to the washable grade of the processed ore, and/or for Consideration of the topography in which the above-mentioned device is installed establishes optimal hydraulic conditions for a slurry fluid with a defined particle composition to provide the highest possible level of extraction and enrichment of valuable components.

The operation of the above device will be described below.

To generate the slurry, the processed ore is mixed with water and fed into the bottom of the inlet section 1, where as a result of the interaction between the ore-water mixture and the baffles 9 of the grid 7, the decomposition of the ore and the slurry are achieved The final formation of the fluid composition, the baffle is arranged perpendicular to the side wall 3 of the inlet section 1, said structural composition is characterized by the particle analysis curve of the gangue particles contained in a given slurry and the value component particles Particle analysis curves are indicated. As a result, static vortices are formed at the lower boundary of the slurry fluid at the initial slurry fluid location, and the direction of the rotation axis of each static vortex is perpendicular to the input direction of the slurry fluid. The slurry flow continues onwards to the additional section 2. At the initial moment when the slurry fluid advances along the parts 1 and 2 of the installation, the flow resistance caused by the bending of the baffles 9 and 10 and the abutment areas of the parts 1 and 2 results in the formation of a To trap the overburden containing the slurry solid phase that settles in the spaces between the baffles. On the bottoms 5 and 6 of sections 1 and 2, the thus obtained natural trapping cover has a loose structure due to the different shapes of the slurry solid phase particles and possesses a high trapping capacity in the initial time period. Due to the gravitational separation related to the density of the solid phase particles, further feeding of the slurry fluid into parts 1 and 2 of the plant results in trapping the overburden filled with particles of the most densely valued components.

As mentioned above, it is in the inlet section 1 that the ore agglomerates decompose on the transverse baffles 9 and form the slurry fluid solid phase composition. When the slurry fluid enters the additional section 2, a transverse component of the velocity vector is formed in the direction in which the longitudinal axis (b1) of the additional section 2 is deflected from the longitudinal axis (a) of the inlet section 1, due to the 2 is deflected by an angle α1 relative to the inlet section 1 as a result of the interaction of the slurry fluid with the side wall 4 of said section 2.

Utilize the baffles 9, 10 installed in the additional part 1 and the additional part 2 to form an inhomogeneous flow resistance to the longitudinal movement of the pulp fluid in the device, so that the collision of the pulp fluid with the baffles 9, 10 can be formed The static vortex near the bottom, the direction of the rotation axis of the static vortex is consistent with the length direction of the baffles 9, 10, and forms an acute angle with the rotation axis of the static vortex in the initial slurry fluid position.

The conditions of the slurry fluid in relation to the baffles 9 and 10 (i.e. the depth and velocity of the fluid) are selected such that the orbital rotation velocity of the vortex exceeds the settling velocity of the gangue particles to be removed and is lower than the valued components to be trapped The sedimentation velocity of the particles. The purpose of creating the static vortex is to loosely trap the overburden and perform hydraulic classification of the solid phase of the slurry by entraining the gangue particles and providing the possibility for valuable components to settle in the space between the baffles.

When the pulp fluid flows longitudinally to the additional part 2, since the additional part 2 deviates laterally relative to the input axis of the pulp fluid, the pulp fluid deflects laterally, and the sidewall 4 of the additional part 2 produces an impact on the pulp fluid. Since the slurry fluid hits the side wall 4, the settlement of the gangue particles in the area close to the side wall 4 is prevented, thereby increasing the depth of the slurry fluid there. At this time, the slurry at the side wall 4 on the opposite side of the additional part 2 The depth of the fluid remains constant. The depth difference on the cross-section of the slurry fluid forms a transverse pressure gradient. Under the action of the pressure gradient, a transverse flow is generated in the area near the bottom of the part, and the transverse flow flows from the space between the baffles. The gangue particles entrained by the static vortex are carried away, and the gangue is removed at a reduced speed from the area close to the side wall. When combined with the deflected slurry flow flowing along the additional section 2, the cross flow creates a helical flow which carries the gangue particles away from the working area of the device.

When enriching concentration of washable, hard-to-wash or boulder-like ores, it is best to strengthen the process of loosely trapping the overburden and increase the impact load acting on the solid phase of the slurry fluid. In this case it is also advantageous to increase the overall length of the device by using the additional parts 11 , 15 and 16 which abut on the front additional part 2 .

When the slurry fluid reaches the subsequent additional sections 11, 15 and 16, the above-mentioned treatment process carried out in the slurry fluid - which is attenuated when the slurry fluid passes through the treatment zone of the device - is intensified.

The interaction between the pulp fluid and the baffles 10 and 10' of the additional part 2 - which have heights h1 and h2 respectively larger and/or smaller than the height H of the baffle 9 of the inlet part 1 - strengthens the turbulence of the pulp fluid. Turbulence can also be enhanced when the slurry fluid flows from the additional part 2 with a larger slope φ2 relative to the horizontal plane to the additional part 11 with a smaller slope φ3 relative to the horizontal plane.

After the slurry fluid hits the higher baffle plate 10, it loses its kinetic energy, and then due to the turbulence generated in order to maintain the rotation of the static vortex system, the slurry fluid continuously hits the side wall 4 of the additional part 2 to overcome the friction force , consumes its kinetic energy, and gradually loses the ability of the pulp fluid to separate the solid phase of the pulp into valuable component particles and gangue particles when the pulp fluid flows vertically. This occurs particularly quickly where the inclination of the slurry flow relative to the horizontal is relatively gentle. When the slurry fluid enters the bottom 25 of the additional part 11, for the purpose of reducing flow resistance and kinetic energy loss, the grid bar 24 with the baffle plate 12 is installed at this position, so when the slurry fluid passes through this position, it can recover its loss. kinetic energy.

The lost kinetic energy of the slurry fluid can be recovered by locating another additional section 16 at a greater inclination angle φ5 relative to the horizontal plane than the preceding additional section 15, or by simultaneously reducing the flow resistance and increasing the inclination angle. This enhances lateral flow in the space between the baffles and restores the working capacity of the static vortex with sufficient orbital rotation velocity to entrain and separate particles of valuable components from the gangue to be removed Allow them to settle onto the capture blanket.

By properly orienting the baffles 10' of the additional section 2 so that the baffles 10' are inclined at a positive angle ω3 relative to the horizontal, plus a preselected lateral deflection of the additional section 2 from the direction of the slurry input, and A predetermined angle of inclination φ in the input direction can enhance entrainment of gangue particles from the space between the baffles. The set positive angle of inclination ω3 of the baffle 10' is not greater than the natural inclination angle at which the particle layer of valuable components in the water-saturated state slides along the baffle 10', and can be close to promoting the gangue particles in the water-saturated state to slide along the baffle 10'. The natural angle of inclination of the panels 10' to slide and be carried away from the space between the baffles.

The operation of the device for phase separation of the solid slurry into valuable component particles and gangue particles can be further intensified on an additional portion 15 having a bottom 19 of longitudinal sinusoidal shape. When the slurry fluid flows to the additional section 15 having a curved bottom 19, the mineral fluid path is bent in a vertical plane to form veins that act on the solid phase of the slurry and assist in the separation and settling of valuable component particles and carry away The additional centrifugal force of the stone particles makes it possible to increase the level of enrichment and extraction of valuable components.

Provide additional sections with curved side walls and convex, concave or sinusoidal bottoms, change the slope of the additional section relative to the horizontal, vary the slope and height of the baffles, install gratings on a section of the bottom, or any The other above-mentioned structural arrangement features can strengthen the impact load acting on the solid phase of the pulp fluid, thus ensuring the destruction of clay agglomerates and the separation of the valuable component particles of the pulp. The above-mentioned changes in the structure of the device The larger the number, the more efficiently the above-mentioned processing is carried out.

Once the trapping blanket is completely filled with the valuable component particles, the blanket is washed away together with the valuable component. For this purpose, from the bottoms 5, 6 and 25 of all parts 1, 2, 11, 16 and 21 (the perforations 27 appear at the exit site of the last part 16, by, for example, removing the backing plate 28 to expose them) The grid bars 7, 8, 23 and 24 with baffles 9, 10, 12, 17, 18 and 22 are lowered, and the flushing water is input to wash out the enriched ore. Then put the backing plate 28 and the grating with the baffle in place and repeat the entire cycle of operation.

Example one

The ore slurry is prepared from washable ore. The ore is composed of medium-grade sand, in which the content of particles with a size of less than 0.27mm accounts for 17 ^% . The size of some gold particles is larger than 0.1mm, and the gold particles with particles smaller than 0.1mm account for 2%.

Water is used as the liquid phase when preparing the pulp, and the liquid/solid ratio is 6:1. Then the prepared pulp is input to the processing area at a specific flow rate of 0.05m ³ /s per meter of pulp fluid width. When input into the processing area, the slurry fluid is pressurized, accelerated to a velocity of 2.0m/s, and flows vertically to the inlet section baffle in the beginning of the processing area. Next, the slurry fluid, also containing the soil agglomerates, collides with the baffles at the site of the initiation zone to break up most of the agglomerates, thus creating The impact on the pulp fluid makes the pulp fluid deflect laterally. In order to recover the kinetic energy lost by the slurry fluid destroying the soil agglomerates and hitting the baffle at the entrance, while deflecting the slurry fluid laterally, it also changes the slope of its lower boundary by an angle of 9° to make it vertically face deflection. It is due to the impact force on the slurry fluid produced by the side boundary when the slurry fluid strikes the side boundary and deflects laterally, that the level of the slurry flow on one side is 0.2m higher than that of the boundary on the opposite side. Due to the effect of the level difference on the two sides of the generated slurry fluid, a lateral pressure gradient is formed. With the help of this lateral pressure gradient, a velocity of up to 0.2m/s is mainly formed on the lower boundary of the slurry fluid. A lateral flow that moves gangue particles from the side boundaries of the slurry fluid to its middle, where they are captured by the main deflected flow and washed away from the treatment zone. In order to make the gangue particles slide through the slurry fluid from its side boundary most easily under the action of lateral flow, the direction of the slurry fluid and the horizontal line form an angle of up to 10°. The selection of this angle is related to the maximum water saturation in the process. The inclination angle is commensurate with the natural flow of the state of the soil. Then the lateral flow and the main conveying movement of the pulp fluid combine to form a helical flow whose axis direction is the same as that of the deflected pulp fluid, said helical flow transports the gangue particles from the side slurry fluid boundary to the center and discharges them out of the work area. The velocity at the lower slurry fluid boundary equal to 0.2 m/s is sufficient to move laterally gangue particles smaller than 0.27 mm in size, but too small to transport gold particles equal to or larger than 0.1 mm in size; thus said gold particles and larger than 0.27 mm in size The sand particles move towards the lower boundary of the slurry fluid, thus forming a trapping layer (or bed). It is due to the rough surface of the bed that the slurry fluid layer near the bottom is decelerated so that the valuable component particles with a size of 0.1 mm are precipitated under pre-evaluated hydraulic conditions. The settled value component particles fill the pores of the trapping overlay, making it less coarse and thus reducing the deceleration and trapping capacity of the overlay.

Then, due to the non-uniform flow resistance of the length and width of the pulp fluid to the longitudinal movement of the pulp fluid through the local resistance acting on the pulp fluid, a static vortex system is formed, the vortex is formed close to the pulp fluid Every local resistance of the lower boundary of . The local resistance is suitably set so that the axis of each static vortex is parallel to the direction of transverse flow. The orbital rotation velocity of each static vortex is lower than the settling velocity of the gold particles equal to 6.6 cm/s, but exceeds the settling velocity of the gangue particles to be removed equal to 2.5 m/s in this particular example, and is equivalent to Gravimetrically equal to the settling velocity of sand particles with gold particles approximately 0.1 mm in size. The orbital rotation speed of the static vortex is formed due to the average flow speed depending on the depth of the slurry fluid with a predetermined inclination angle of 9°, and is obtained at the depth of about 0.2 m.

The proposed method is implemented in a continuous mode thanks to the above-mentioned properly selected hydraulic and geometrical parameters of the slurry flow, which make it possible to transport gravel with a size up to 100 mm without settling in the treatment zone.

Utilizing the above parameters of the proposed method, implementing the present invention under the conditions of the above example, a gold extraction rate of about 98% with an enrichment factor of 89 can be obtained.

Example two

The slurry is prepared from an easily washable ore in the form of coarse sand having a size up to 2 mm, with a content of less than 1% of large-sized sand particles and up to 10% of small-sized sand with a diameter of less than 0.1 mm %, characterized in that the size of the boulder rock inclusions reaches 100mm, the gold content of the ore is 1g/m ³ , most of the gold particles are larger than 0.08mm, and the gold particles smaller than 0.08mm account for 1%.

When preparing the pulp, water is used as the liquid phase, and the solid/liquid ratio is 1:10. Then the prepared slurry is fed into the processing area at a flow rate of 0.15m ³ /s (this corresponds to 1080m ³ of solid phase per day). The treatment area is formed by butt joints of four parts with a mutual lateral deflection angle of 0.5°, which are troughs of rectangular cross-section placed at an inclination of 8° and have Capture cover layer formed in each of the above sections.

Since the size of the boulder rock inclusions reaches 100mm, the depth of the ore fluid above the baffle is set to 100mm, and the velocity of the ore fluid is selected as 2.5m/s, so that the boulder rock inclusions can be washed unimpeded. outside the work area.

Since the limiting size of the gold particles is equal to 0.08 mm, the trapping blanket was built using grids with a height of 2.5 ^* 10 ⁻² m and baffles at intervals of 0.1 m. Using the above mentioned slurry flow and trapping overburden parameters, the velocity of the slurry flow is 3.1 m/s, which exceeds the minimum (2.5 m/s) required to carry away the boulder rock inclusions. The width of each slot is equal to 0.7m due to the aforementioned slurry fluid flow, slope, depth and velocity. The inclination of the baffle with respect to the horizontal line is taken as 0.5°, which is equal to the angle of lateral deflection of the pulp fluid, which makes it possible to effectively trap the smallest particles of valuable components and increase the enrichment level of said components. The lateral deflection angle of the additional part equal to 0.5° makes it possible to obtain an effective near-bottom velocity of the slurry fluid up to 0.2 m/s in the space between the baffles, which is sufficient to remove small-sized sand components and periodically move large Size components in order to transport them from the side areas of the slurry fluid to the areas entrained by the main flow.

Using the parameters mentioned above, the device proposed here implements the method proposed here in the same manner as described in Example 1, so a gold extraction rate close to 99%, and an enrichment factor of 78 can be obtained.

Example three

The ore pulp is prepared from easy-to-wash ore. The ore is composed of medium-grade sand with a volume content of less than 1% of large-sized sand particles and a particle size of less than 1.0mm. The gold content of the ore is 1g/m ³ , and most of the gold particles are larger than 0.1mm. Only 2% of the gold particles are smaller than 0.1mm.

When preparing the pulp, water is used as the liquid phase, and the solid/liquid ratio is 1:8. The slurry is fed into the treatment area at a flow rate of 0.05 m ³ /s (which corresponds to 450 m ³ solid phase per day). The treatment zone is formed by two parts abutting at an angle to each other, in the shape of a trough of rectangular cross-section, placed at an inclination of 6°, with a grid formed in said parts by means of bars with inclined baffles Capture overburden.

Based on the limiting size of the gold particles equal to 0.1 mm, the trapping blanket is formed using grids with baffles with a pitch/height ratio of 2. In this case, the depth of the slurry fluid above the baffle is 2.5×10 ^-2 m, the height of the baffle is 3×10 ^-2 m, and the distance between the baffles is 6×10 ^-2 m. According to the parameters of the slurry fluid and the trapping layer, the velocity of the slurry fluid is 1.1m/s. According to the flow rate, inclination, depth and speed of the above-mentioned pulp fluid, the width of each groove is equal to 0.93m. The slope of the baffle used relative to the horizontal line is not more than 10°. The angle of lateral deflection of the additional part (that is, the angle of deflection of the slurry fluid) is set to 8°, which enables the near-bottom flow velocity in the space between the baffles to reach 0.25m/s, which is sufficient to move gangue particles smaller than 1mm .

Using the above parameters of the device proposed here, the method proposed here was carried out in the same manner as described in Example 1, so a gold extraction rate of approximately 98%, and an enrichment factor of 99 were obtained.

Example four

The slurry is prepared from a moderately washable ore in the form of a sandy soil containing 85% sand and 15% clay dust-like inclusions, with large sand particles (greater than 2.0mm) reaching 1.2%, the content of gold is 1g/m ³ , and most of the gold particles are larger than 0.15mm in size (the particles smaller than 0.15mm in size do not exceed 1.5% of the total weight of the gold particles).

When preparing the pulp, water is used as the liquid phase, and the solid/liquid ratio is selected as 1:15. The ore slurry is input into the processing area at a flow rate of 0.05m ³ /s (ie, 360m ³ solid phase per day). The inlet part of the processing area and two additional parts have a rectangular cross-sectional shape, and the two additional parts are connected to the inlet part. Together, and laterally deflected by an angle of 6.5°, the mutual deflection directions of the parts alternate periodically. The slopes of the sections are 9°, 9° and 5° respectively. The capture cover was formed in each section by means of gratings with baffles at an angle of 85° to the bottom.

Based on the limiting size of the gold particles equal to 0.15 mm, the trapping blanket was formed using baffles with a pitch/height ratio of 2.5. In this case, the depth of the slurry fluid above the baffle is 3.5 ^* 10 ^-2 m, the height of the baffle is 4 ^* 10 ^-2 m, and the distance between the baffles is 0.1m. According to the stated parameters of the slurry fluid and the trapping cover, the flow velocity of the slurry fluid in the first and second sections reaches 1.65 m/s. Due to the reduced slope of the third section, the velocity of the pulp fluid can be reduced to 1.2m/s, which can strengthen the pulp processing process in the first and second sections, and ensure small size particles in the third section better capture. According to the above-mentioned pulp fluid flow rate, slope, depth and velocity, the width of the first and second sections is 0.85m, and that of the third section is 1.2m.

Because the presence of clayey and dusty inclusions in the slurry facilitates the sliding of gangue particles along the length of the baffle, the slope of the baffle with respect to the horizontal should not exceed 8° for loamy soils.

The angle of lateral deflection is 6.5°, which makes it possible to obtain a near-bottom flow velocity in the interbaffle space of about 0.5 m/s, which is sufficient to move gangue particles smaller than 2.0 mm.

Using the above parameters of the device proposed here, the method proposed here was carried out in the same manner as described in Example 1, whereby a gold extraction rate of approximately 98.5% and an enrichment factor of 82 could be obtained.

Example five

The slurry was prepared from a difficult-to-wash ore presented as clay gravel in the form of soil agglomerates comprising 55% clay particles, 40% sand and 5% boulders less than 20mm in size. The largest sand particles with a size larger than 2mm account for 1% of the volume, the gold content is 6g/m ³ , and most of the gold particles are larger than 0.25mm in size (the content of gold particles smaller than 0.25mm is less than 2.5% of the total weight of gold particles) .

When preparing the pulp, water is used as the liquid phase, and the solid/liquid ratio is selected as 1:25. The slurry is fed at a flow rate of 0.03m ³ /s (this corresponds to 1040m ³ of ore per day).

The treatment zone has a gradually narrowing inlet section where the slurry fluid is accelerated to a velocity of 3.5m/s. The impact of the slurry fluid on the baffle plate of the inlet section at such a speed can obtain the effect of partially breaking down the clayey agglomerates. In order to obtain an additional destructive effect on agglomerates, four additional parts of the working area are butted together at a lateral deflection angle of 45°, and the inclination of each additional part alternates continuously at 13°, 8°, 13° and 6° variation, which makes it possible to obtain the additional effect of breaking up agglomerates at vertically varying positions in the treatment zone. The baffles are sloped at 45° with respect to the horizontal, which allows the establishment of near-bottom flow velocities of up to 0.7m/s, which is sufficient to move boulders and the largest sand grains laterally without visibly visibly moving 0.25mm sized gold grains. move. The baffles are inclined at a 67° angle relative to the bottom, which allows the main flow to dislodge the largest boulder particles. The height of the baffle is 7.0 ^* 10 ^-2 m, the depth of the slurry fluid is 3.2×10 ^-2 m higher than the baffle, and the distance between the baffle and the baffle is 0.3m. With such parameters of the slurry fluid and trapping overburden, the velocity of the slurry fluid was maintained at 3.5 m/s in the first and third additional sections, decreased to 2.75 m/s in the second section, and in the fourth section Reduced to 2.5m/s. In order to recover the kinetic energy of the slurry fluid, the 1.0 m long initial part of the second additional part is not installed with baffles. In the last part of the fourth additional section, baffles of alternating heights equal to 7×10 ^-2 m and 5×10 ^-2 m with a spacing of 0.1 m are provided, which allow efficient trapping of the smallest gold particles.

Utilizing the above-mentioned parameters of the device proposed here, the method proposed here was carried out in the same way as in Example 1, thereby obtaining a gold extraction rate equal to 97.5%, and an enrichment factor of 73.

Therefore, the method and the device presented here make it possible to increase the extraction and enrichment level of the valuable components of the pulp in the simplest way without the input of external energy.

industrial application

The invention can be used for the enrichment of gold and iron bearing ores, the preparation of coal, and the beneficiation of any ores that require separation according to the density of their components.

The invention is particularly suitable for beneficiating gold-bearing ores in all types of washing processes.

Claims (20)

1. A method for beneficiating useful minerals, mainly gold-bearing ores, comprising: inputting the treated ore slurry into the treatment area, said ore slurry containing a liquid phase and a valuable group to be captured in the treatment of the ore slurry The solid phase formed by the combination of sub-particles and gangue particles to be removed in the slurry treatment forms a treated slurry fluid, and then accelerates the slurry fluid and makes it advance along the length of the treatment zone, forming in the treatment zone A trapping cover, filling the trapping cap with valuable particles, restoring the trapping capacity of the cap while filling it with valuable components, and then flushing the trapping cap filled with accumulated valuable components; the present invention As mentioned above, in order to restore the trapping ability of the overburden, when the slurry fluid passes through the initial part, a static vortex is formed at its lower boundary, and the rotation axis of the vortex is perpendicular to the input direction of the slurry. When the component particles fill the capture cover layer, restore the capture capacity of the cover layer, and flush the capture cover layer with accumulated valuable components; the present invention is characterized in that, in order to restore the capture capacity of the cover layer, in The flow resistance to the longitudinal movement of the pulp fluid is set during the treatment, and the flow resistance is uneven for the length and width of the pulp; a static vortex is formed at the lower boundary of the pulp fluid, and the rotation axis of the vortex forms an alignment with the conveying direction of the pulp fluid. Angle, the purpose of the vortex is to act on the solid phase particles of the slurry at an orbital velocity that is greater than the settling velocity of the gangue particles but less than the settling velocity of the trapped valuable component particles; when the slurry When the fluid passes through the processing zone, it is laterally deflected from its input direction, an impact force acts on the side boundary of the pulp fluid, and forms a spiral flow, the axis of the spiral flow is consistent with the direction of the deflected pulp fluid. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the angle of lateral deflection of the slurry flow is from 0.5 to 45°. 3. a method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, when forming static vortex, the angle that makes the axis of rotation of each static vortex and ore pulp fluid delivery direction form actually and the angle of ore slurry fluid lateral deflection equal. 4. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, as the slurry fluid passes through the treatment zone, it is additionally deflected laterally, while alternately changing the direction of the deflection. 5. A method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the slurry fluid is subjected to additional local acceleration as it passes through the treatment zone. 6. A method as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that when the slurry fluid passes through the treatment zone, it is subjected to longitudinal motion resistance either locally reduced or locally increased, or also by bending its lower boundary Deflects the slurry flow vertically. 7. A method as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the slurry fluid is deflected vertically by bending its lower boundary as it passes through the treatment zone. 8. A device for beneficiating useful minerals, mainly gold-bearing ores, comprising: an inlet part (1) and at least one additional device that is connected together in sequence and is inclined at an angle (φ) to the horizontal plane of the input direction of the slurry fluid Sections (2), each having side walls (3,4) and a bottom (5,6) on which are mounted gratings (7,8) with baffles (9,10,10'), the baffles Inclining at an angle (ω1, ω2, ω3) to the respective bottoms (5, 6) in the direction of slurry input, each baffle (9) of the inlet part (1) intersects its side wall (3) at right angles and parallel to each other, characterized in that the additional part (2) is laterally deflected to one of the two sides with respect to the inlet part (1) such that the acute angle (α1) between the longitudinal axes (a and b1) of the two parts is between 0.5 and 45°, the baffles (10, 10') of the grille (8) of the additional section (2) are deflected to the opposite side of the deflection direction of said section (2) relative to the inlet section (1), and When placed it forms an acute angle (β1) with the side wall (4) of the additional part (2) so as to form an acute angle (γ1) with the baffle (9) of the inlet part (1). 9. A device as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the acute angle (γ1) between the inlet and the baffles (9, 10, 10') of the additional part (1, 2) is practically equal to the The acute angle (α1) between the longitudinal axes (a and b1) of is equal. 10. A device as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that when at least two additional parts (2, 11) are used, the second additional part (11) is directed towards both sides relative to the preceding additional part (2). one of the sides is laterally deflected so that the acute angle (α2) between the respective longitudinal axes (a, b2) of the inlet portion (1) and the second additional portion (11) is between 0.5 and 45°, the second additional portion The baffle (12) of the grille (13) of (11) is deflected to the opposite direction of the deflection direction of said part (11) relative to the deflection direction of the front additional part (2), and when it is placed, it is placed with the part (11) The side wall (14) of the inlet part (1) forms an acute angle (β2) so as to form an acute angle (γ2) with the baffle (9) of the inlet part (1). 11. A device as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the acute angle (γ2) between the inlet part (1) and the baffles (9, 12) of the second additional part (11) is practically equal to the The acute angle (α2) between the longitudinal axes (a, b2) of the two parts is equal. 12. A device according to claim 9, characterized in that when at least three additional parts (2, 11, 15, 16) are used, each subsequent additional part (11, 15, 16) abuts to the preceding additional part (2, 11, 15) and transversely relative to the inlet part (1) in the direction opposite to the direction of deflection of the preceding additional part (2, 11, 15) relative to the inlet part (1) deflection. 13. A device as claimed in claim 8, or 10, or 12, characterized in that at least one baffle (10 or 10') in at least one additional part (2) has a larger or smaller size than the inlet part ( 1) The height (h1 or h2) of the height (H) of the baffle (9). 14. A device as claimed in claim 8, or 10, or 12, characterized in that the bottom (19) of at least one additional part (15) is at least partially convex or concave. 15. A method as claimed in claim 8, or 10, or 12, characterized in that the bottom (19) of at least one additional part (15) is sinusoidal. 16. A device as claimed in claim 8, or 10, or 12, characterized in that at least one rear additional part (2, 11, 15, 16) is docked to the front additional part (1, 2, 11, 15) so that its slope (φ2, φ3, φ4, φ5) relative to the horizontal plane is greater than or smaller than the slope (φ1, φ2, φ3, φ4) of the front part (1, 2, 11, 15) ). 17. A device as claimed in claim 8, or 10, 12, characterized in that at least one baffle (10 or 10') in at least one additional part (2) is placed in such a way that it is relative to the bottom ( 6) the slope (ω2 or ω3) is greater or smaller than the slope (ω1) of each baffle (9) of the inlet portion (1) relative to the bottom (5). 18. A device as claimed in claim 8, or 10, or 12, characterized in that at least in one additional part (11) only a part of its bottom (25) is provided with a baffle (12) Grille (24). 19. A device method as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that at least one additional part (21) has curved and mutually parallel side walls (20), and each of the additional parts (21) The baffle (22) of each grid (23) extends along a line through which the tangent (B) of each point (M) forms an acute angle (γ3) with the baffle of the inlet section (1), and the Said acute angle (γ3) is practically equal to the acute angle (α3) between the longitudinal axis (a) of the inlet part (1) and the longitudinal axis (b3) of said additional part (21) passing through said given point (M) . 20. A device as claimed in claim 8, or 10, or 12, characterized in that at least the exit point of the bottom (6) of the last part (2) is perforated and that the perforations can be closed periodically.

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