CN104839151B - The application of trans-anethole as a drug for preventing and controlling the wasp mite - Google Patents
The application of trans-anethole as a drug for preventing and controlling the wasp mite Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于养蜂技术领域，特别涉及反式茴香脑作为防治小蜂螨药物的应用。The invention belongs to the technical field of beekeeping, and in particular relates to the application of trans-anethole as a medicine for preventing and treating the wasp mite.
背景技术Background technique
全世界发现的与蜜蜂有关的螨类(简称蜂螨)已有超过83种，而危害最为严重的是狄斯瓦螨和梅氏热厉螨。中国西方蜜蜂群中，100％感染狄斯瓦螨(Varroa destructor)(俗称“大蜂螨”，以下简称为“大蜂螨”)，95％感染梅氏热厉螨(Tropilaclaps mercedesae)(俗称“小蜂螨”，以下简称为“小蜂螨”)，使养蜂业遭受重大损失。大蜂螨以成蜂、幼虫或蛹的血淋巴为食，使新出房的蜜蜂体重减少、寿命缩短、采集力下降、雄蜂的交配能力降低等，小蜂螨主要寄生在蜜蜂巢房内，危害封盖幼虫、蛹，并导致后者变形、死亡，勉强出房的成蜂通常表现出机体和生理上的缺陷，在很多地区，小蜂螨因其繁殖周期短，成为西方蜜蜂的一种长期的危害性寄生虫。There are more than 83 species of mites (abbreviated bee mites) related to honeybees found in the world, and the most harmful ones are Varroa mite and Thermopylae melini. Among the bee colonies in western China, 100% are infected with Varroa destructor (commonly known as "Big bee mite", hereinafter referred to as "Big bee mite"), and 95% are infected with Tropilaclaps mercedesae (commonly known as "Big bee mite"). Bee mite ", hereinafter referred to as " bee mite "), make beekeeping industry suffer heavy losses. The large bee mite feeds on the hemolymph of adult bees, larvae or pupae, which reduces the weight, lifespan, collection ability, and mating ability of drones for newly released bees. Harm the capping larvae and pupae, and cause the latter to deform and die. The adult bees who barely leave the room usually show physical and physiological defects. In many areas, the small bee mite has become a kind of Western honeybee because of its short reproductive cycle. Long term harmful parasites.
防治大、小蜂螨是我国养蜂管理中必不可少的措施。如果没有周期性的治螨措施，蜂群的越冬死亡率接近100％。目前养蜂生产上防治小蜂螨的最有效的药物主要为升华硫，但对蜜蜂影响较大，用药不均或药量大，都能引起蜜蜂中毒，且有可能污染蜂产品；而且这些化学杀螨剂频繁、长期使用，致使蜂螨产生抗药性。The control of large and small bee mites is an indispensable measure in the management of beekeeping in my country. If there is no periodic anti-mite measures, the overwintering mortality of bee colonies is close to 100%. At present, the most effective medicine for preventing and treating the bee mite in beekeeping production is mainly sublimated sulfur, but it has a greater impact on bees, uneven or large doses of medicine can cause bee poisoning, and may contaminate bee products; and these chemicals The frequent and long-term use of acaricides has resulted in the resistance of bee mites.
反式茴香脑，分子式为C10H12O，分子量148.2，CAS No：104-46-1，无色或微黄色液体或结晶，遇光、热、空气易变质；溶于乙醇和油类，微溶于水，混溶于氯仿和乙醚。天然品存在于茴香油、八角茴香油、茴芹油等中，可以从市场上直接购买，主要用于食品工业、香料工业、医药等方面，用于小蜂螨的防治尚未见报道。Trans-anethole, molecular formula is C 10 H 12 O, molecular weight 148.2, CAS No: 104-46-1, colorless or light yellow liquid or crystal, easy to deteriorate when exposed to light, heat and air; soluble in ethanol and oil, Slightly soluble in water, miscible in chloroform and ether. Natural products exist in fennel oil, star anise oil, anise oil, etc., and can be purchased directly from the market. They are mainly used in the food industry, spice industry, medicine, etc., and there is no report on the prevention and treatment of the wasp mite.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，公开反式茴香脑的一种新应用即反式茴香脑作为防治小蜂螨药物的应用，该应用方法杀螨效果好、对蜜蜂毒性小、操作简单。The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the prior art, and disclose a new application of trans-anethole, that is, the application of trans-anethole as a drug for preventing and treating the small bee mite. Simple.
本发明的技术方案如下：Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种反式茴香脑作为防治小蜂螨药物的应用，其特征在于：反式茴香脑主要通过熏蒸方式作用于蜂群，每箱用量为1-10毫升，每隔5-7天用药一次，每个疗程3-5次。An application of trans-anethole as a medicament for preventing and treating small bee mites, characterized in that: trans-anethole mainly acts on bee colonies through fumigation, and the dosage per box is 1-10 ml, and the drug is administered once every 5-7 days. 3-5 times per course of treatment.
上述熏蒸方式可以是将一定量的反式茴香脑置于棉球上，将棉球放于蜂箱底。The above-mentioned fumigation method can be that a certain amount of trans-anethole is placed on a cotton ball, and the cotton ball is placed on the bottom of the beehive.
本发明所述小蜂螨为梅氏热厉螨。The wasp mite described in the present invention is Thermus masonii.
本发明蜂螨危害较轻的蜂群一个疗程即可见效，蜂螨严重的蜂群用药2-3个疗程。The bee colony with less bee mite harm can be effective in one course of treatment, and the bee colony with severe bee mite is treated with 2-3 courses of treatment.
本发明方法与现有技术相比，具有以下特点：以资源广泛且廉价易得的天然植物八角茴香或小茴香为原料提取，容易获得，可以进行工业化生产；反式茴香脑作为一种植物源杀螨剂，不含有抗生素，对蜂产品安全；杀螨效果好，对蜜蜂毒性小，操作简单。Compared with the prior art, the method of the present invention has the following characteristics: the natural plant star anise or cumin, which is widely available in resources and cheap and easy to obtain, is used as raw material for extraction, which is easy to obtain and can be industrialized; trans-anethole is used as a plant source The acaricide does not contain antibiotics and is safe to bee products; it has good acaricidal effect, low toxicity to bees, and is easy to operate.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了更好地说明本发明，便于理解本发明的技术方案，本发明的典型但非限制性的实施例如下：In order to illustrate the present invention better, facilitate understanding technical scheme of the present invention, typical but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
实施例1Example 1
在一蜂螨感染较轻的蜂群箱底放置加有2毫升茴香脑的棉球，每隔7天放置一次，每个疗程3次，用药一个疗程。A cotton ball added with 2 milliliters of anethole was placed at the bottom of a bee colony box in which a bee mite was infested lightly, and placed once every 7 days, 3 times in each course of treatment, and one course of medication was used.
结果：用药一个疗程后，大蜂螨的巢房寄生率由用药前的3.78％下降到1.11％，蜂体寄生率由用药前的3.21％下降到了0.76％；小蜂螨的巢房寄生率由6.65％下降到1.88％。无蜜蜂中毒反应。Results: After a course of treatment, the parasitic rate of the nests of the large bee mite decreased from 3.78% to 1.11%, and the parasitism rate of the bee body decreased from 3.21% to 0.76%; 6.65% down to 1.88%. No bee poisoning reaction.
实施例2Example 2
在一严重感染蜂螨的蜂群箱底放置加有2毫升茴香脑的棉球，每隔7天放置一次，每个疗程3次，用药两个疗程。A cotton ball added with 2 milliliters of anethole was placed at the bottom of a beehive box heavily infested with bee mites, placed once every 7 days, 3 times in each course of treatment, and two courses of treatment were used.
结果：用药两个疗程后，大蜂螨的巢房寄生率由用药前的8.65％下降到0.78％，蜂体寄生率由用药前的6.52％下降到了0％；小蜂螨的巢房寄生率由3.34％下降到0.05％。无蜜蜂中毒反应。Results: After two courses of treatment, the parasitism rate of the nest room of the large wasp mite dropped from 8.65% to 0.78%, and the parasitism rate of the bee body dropped from 6.52% to 0%; From 3.34% to 0.05%. No bee poisoning reaction.
实施例3Example 3
在一严重感染蜂螨的蜂群箱底放置加有5毫升茴香脑的棉球，每隔7天放置一次，每个疗程3次。Place cotton balls with 5 ml of anethole on the bottom of a hive heavily infested with bee mites, once every 7 days, 3 times per course of treatment.
结果：用药一个疗程后，大蜂螨巢房寄生率由用药前的7.2％下降到2.36％，蜂体寄生率由用药前的5.52％下降到了1.44％。小蜂螨的巢房寄生率由4.88％下降到0.8％。无蜜蜂中毒反应。Results: After a course of treatment, the parasitism rate of the bee mite's nest room decreased from 7.2% to 2.36%, and the parasitism rate of bee body decreased from 5.52% to 1.44%. The nest room parasitism rate of the wasp mites decreased from 4.88% to 0.8%. No bee poisoning reaction.
实施例4Example 4
在一严重感染蜂螨的蜂群箱底放置加有5毫升茴香脑的棉球，每隔5天放置一次，每个疗程3次。Place cotton balls with 5 ml of anethole on the bottom of a hive heavily infested with bee mites, once every 5 days, 3 times per course of treatment.
结果：用药一个疗程后，大蜂螨巢房寄生率由用药前的5.51％下降到1.02％，蜂体寄生率由用药前的3.26％下降到了0％。小蜂螨的巢房寄生率由7.75％下降到1.44％。无蜜蜂中毒反应。Results: After a course of treatment, the parasitic rate of the bee mite's nest room decreased from 5.51% to 1.02%, and the parasitic rate of bee body decreased from 3.26% to 0%. The nest room parasitism rate of the wasp mites decreased from 7.75% to 1.44%. No bee poisoning reaction.
实施例5Example 5
在一严重感染蜂螨的蜂群箱底放置加有8毫升茴香脑的棉球，每隔7天放置一次，每个疗程3次。Place cotton balls with 8 ml of anethole on the bottom of a hive heavily infested with bee mites, once every 7 days, 3 times per course of treatment.
结果：用药一个疗程后，大蜂螨巢房寄生率由用药前的8％下降到0.76％，蜂体寄生率由用药前的6.68％下降到了0.55％。小蜂螨的巢房寄生率由9.5％下降到1.24％。无蜜蜂中毒反应。Results: After a course of treatment, the parasitic rate of the bee mite's nest room decreased from 8% before the drug to 0.76%, and the parasitic rate of the bee body dropped from 6.68% before the drug to 0.55%. The nest room parasitism rate of the wasp mite dropped from 9.5% to 1.24%. No bee poisoning reaction.
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| EP1779729A3 (en) * | 1998-07-28 | 2007-09-05 | EcoSmart Technologies Inc. | Synergistic and residual pesticidal compositions containing plant essential oils |
| AU5894000A (en) * | 1999-06-28 | 2001-01-31 | Ecosmart Technologies, Inc. | Pesticidal compositions containing plant essential oils against termites |
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