CN104797791A - 用于控制用于存储添加剂并将添加剂注入到发动机排放气体中的系统的运行的方法和系统 - Google Patents
用于控制用于存储添加剂并将添加剂注入到发动机排放气体中的系统的运行的方法和系统 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
- F01N2610/105—Control thereof
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1406—Storage means for substances, e.g. tanks or reservoirs
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
- F01N2610/146—Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
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- F01N2610/148—Arrangement of sensors
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
- F01N2900/1806—Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
- F01N2900/1811—Temperature
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
- F01N2900/1806—Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
- F01N2900/1818—Concentration of the reducing agent
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于管理用于存储添加剂并将添加剂注入到内燃机的排放气体中的系统的组件的运行的方法。所述系统包括用于存储添加剂的储箱,并且所述方法包括以下步骤:-借助于安装在储箱内部的一个或多个测量传感器,获得储箱内部的添加剂浓度瞬时测量值和/或添加剂碱度的瞬时测量值和/或温度瞬时测量值;-根据储箱内部的添加剂浓度的瞬时测量值和/或添加剂碱度的瞬时测量值和/或温度的瞬时测量值确定添加剂的还原能力;-根据所确定的还原能力产生控制信号;-向组件传送所产生的控制信号。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及一种用于控制SCR系统的组件(例如:注射器或加热器)运行的方法。
背景技术
关于车辆和卡车排放的法规其中有要求减少向大气中排放氮氧化物NOx。为了实现该目的,已知选择性催化还原方法(英文为“Selective Catalytic Reduction”,缩写为SCR),该方法允许通过将还原剂(一般为氨)注入排放线中来还原氮氧化物。该氨可以来自于氨前驱体溶液的热分解,其中所述氨前驱体的浓度可以是共晶混合物的浓度。该氨前驱体通常是尿素溶液。
利用SCR方法,以最优效率燃烧时在发动机中产生的NOx的大量排放在发动机出口处在催化剂中被处理。这种处理要求使用具有精确浓度且极高质量的还原剂。因此,精确计量该溶液,并将其注入排放气体流中,在该排放气体流中,该溶液发生水解,然后将氮氧化物(NOx)转化为氮气(N2)和水(H2O)。
为此,必须为车辆配备装有添加剂(通常是尿素)溶液的储箱,以及用于计量所要的添加剂量并将其注入排放线中的设备。这种设备通常被称为注射器。
因此,能够精确地控制注射器是重要的。
一般性地,能够精确地控制SCR系统的所有关键组件是重要的。这些关键组件中有加热设备,该设备的功能在于在冻结条件下起动的情况下使添加剂溶液液化,以能够将其注入到排放线中。事实上,鉴于通常用于该目的的尿素水溶液(尿素重量比为32.5%的共晶混合物)于-11℃冻结,设置这种加热设备是必要的。
已知多种用于控制注射器运行的方法。
一种已知方法在于利用发动机图表来估计将产生的NOx的量并利用基于布置在SCR催化罐出口处的λ传感器的反馈回路。该已知方法的缺陷在于,该方法没有考虑进入排放物中的液体,因此对效率的控制完全取决于λ传感器,而λ传感器却不能够诊断NOx的不良或过度还原的起因。
一般性地,尿素随时间老化。该老化特别地由热循环导致。因此,尿素的一部分转化为溶解的NH3,这改变了溶液的浓度。
目前,存在能够测量尿素浓度的传感器。一般性地,已知用由这些传感器提供的浓度测量值来检测与在装有尿素的储箱中引入不合适的液体相关的问题,然后向SCR系统的控制器通告该问题。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种用于控制SCR系统组件运行的方法,该方法精确简单,并且能够考虑到溶液的老化。
为此,本发明涉及一种用于管理用于存储添加剂并将添加剂注入到内燃机的排放气体中的系统的至少一个组件的运行的方法,所述系统包括用于存储添加剂的储箱,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-借助于安装在储箱内部的一个或多个测量传感器,获得储箱内部的添加剂浓度的瞬时测量值和/或添加剂碱度的瞬时测量值和/或温度的瞬时测量值;
-根据储箱内部的添加剂浓度的瞬时测量值和/或添加剂碱度的瞬时测量值和/或温度的瞬时测量值,确定添加剂的还原能力;
-根据所确定的还原能力产生控制信号;
-向组件传送所产生的控制信号。
由此,本发明提出根据对添加剂的还原能力的估算来控制SCR系统的一个或多个组件的运行。如在本说明书下文中可见,该还原能力的信息可以被用于修正要注入到排放气体中的添加剂的量和/或调节用于加热策略的温度阈值(即调节加热设备的激活/停止阶段)。
根据本发明,根据以下测量值中的至少一个或者其组合,产生用于控制组件运行的控制信号:
-储箱内部的添加剂浓度的瞬时测量值;
-储箱内部的添加剂碱度的瞬时测量值;;
-储箱内部的温度的瞬时测量值。
在一个具体的实施例中,待控制的SCR系统的组件是注射器。因此,要注入到排放气体中的添加剂(例如尿素)的量取决于添加剂的还原能力。
在一个具体的实施例中,待控制的SCR系统组件是加热设备。因此,根据添加剂的还原能力来调整加热策略。
有利地,所述传感器是电容(或多电容)传感器。
能够测量添加剂(例如尿素)浓度的电容传感器是已知的并且可以从市场上获得。因此在本文中不详细描述电容传感器。
在一个有利的实施例中,提出:
-将所确定的还原能力和与还原能力最小准许值相关的预定阈值比较;
-如果所确定的还原能力小于或等于所述预定阈值,就激活要求更新添加剂的指示器。
由此,用还原能力的信息来确定是否需要更新装在储箱中的添加剂。例如,在需要更新添加剂的情况下,激活车辆仪表盘上相应的指示灯(灯光指示器)。在另一示例中,可以激活(在控制的意义上)显示屏,使其向使用者示意显示要求更新添加剂的消息。在另一示例中,可以激活声音指示器等。
在本发明的范围内,任何呈水溶液形式的氨前驱体(添加剂)都是合适的。本发明利用共晶尿素溶液获得良好的效果,对于共晶尿素溶液存在质量标准:例如,根据标准DIN 70070,在(注册商标)溶液(商业尿素溶液)的情况下,尿素含量(重量百分比)包含在31.8%至33.2%之间(即重量百分比为32.5+/-0.7%),因此可用的氨的量包含在18.0%至18.8%。
本发明可以用于任何会在其排放气体中产生NOx的内燃机。本发明有利地适用于柴油发动机,并特别地适用于车辆的柴油发动机。
在一个具体的实施例中,本发明还涉及一种控制系统,其用于管理用于存储添加剂并将添加剂注入到内燃机的排放气体中的系统的至少一个组件的运行,所述存储和注入系统包括用于存储添加剂的储箱,所述控制系统的特征在于,该控制系统包括控制单元,该控制单元能够:
-接收来自于安装在储箱内部的一个或多个测量传感器的信号,该信号传递储箱内部的添加剂浓度的瞬时测量值和/或添加剂碱度的瞬时测量值和/或温度的瞬时测量值的信息;
-根据储箱内部的添加剂浓度的瞬时测量值和/或添加剂碱度的瞬时测量值和/或温度的瞬时测量值,确定添加剂的还原能力;
-根据所确定的还原能力,产生控制信号;
-向组件传送所产生的控制信号。
在一个实施变型中,控制单元可以集成在车辆的电子计算器上。在另一实施变型中,控制单元可以集成在燃料系统控制单元(有时称为“Fuel System Control Unit”,缩写为FSCU)中。
具体实施方式
以下通过几个示例来描述本发明。
1.控制注射器以精确计量尿素
本发明通过在对要注入的添加剂的量的估算中集成以下信息中的至少一个而能够有利地改变该估算:碱度、浓度、温度。
以下按照至少取决于三个参数的公式表示每单位体积溶液的还原能力:
PR=f(Al,C,T)
其中,Al是碱度测量值,C是尿素浓度,T是温度,PR是单位体积还原能力。
特别地,该函数是以下形式的参数的线性组合:
PR=f(Al,C,T)=a*Al+b*C+c*T+d*Al*C+e*Al*T*m*C*T+n*Al*C*T其中,a、b、c、d、e、m和n是常数。
由发动机控制要求的注入的量根据(注册商标)的还原能力来修正:
Q=Q0*g(PR),
其中,Q0是考虑到发动机图表的注入的量,g是与AdBlue的实际还原能力相关的修正函数,Q是实际注入的量。
特别地,g(PR)形如Q=Q0*p/PR,其中p是常数。
2.管理尿素更新要求
还可以限定还原能力的最小值PRmin(也称为阈值),低于该最小值就认为尿素不再具有能够确保NOx有效还原所需的质量(有必须注入过多的量的风险,而过多的量会过度冷却排放气体和催化剂,并且不再能确保尿素的分解反应和NOx的还原)。
由此,将还原能力PR(由上述公式获得)与阈值PRmin比较。如果还原能力PR小于或等于阈值PRmin,则激活(即传送激活信号)例如仪表盘的指示灯(故障指示灯,英文为“malfunction indicatorlamp”,缩写为“MIL”),向使用者指示应当更新装在储箱中的添加剂。在一定时间或一定公里数之后,该警告还可以伴随有车辆性能限制,甚至阻止发动机起动(诱引策略,英语为“inducement strategies”)。
3.管理加热策略
已知尿素水溶液的固化温度随浓度变化。
还已知某些用于SCR系统的加热策略基于在储箱中测量的温度信息。例如,当温度低于-5℃时启动加热,而当温度回升到高于-3℃时停止加热。
当尿素浓度显著地偏离共晶溶液(对应于32.5%的标称浓度)时,该类型的策略不再能够起作用。
然而,借助于浓度测量值,能够基于固化温度的理论值来改变启动和停止加热的阈值(可能地,具有一定的裕度,以考虑到温度测量值的误差、储箱中温度的不均匀性和加热反应的时间)。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于管理用于存储添加剂并将添加剂注入到内燃机的排放气体中的系统的至少一个组件的运行的方法,所述系统包括用于存储所述添加剂的储箱,所述方法包括以下步骤:
借助于安装在所述储箱内部的一个或多个测量传感器,获得所述储箱内部的添加剂碱度的瞬时测量值;
-根据所述添加剂碱度的瞬时测量值确定所述添加剂的还原能力;
-根据所确定的还原能力产生控制信号;
-向所述组件传送所产生的控制信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括以下步骤:
-借助于安装在所述储箱内部的一个或多个测量传感器,获得所述储箱内部的添加剂浓度的瞬时测量值;
并且,所述确定所述添加剂的还原能力的步骤在于根据所述添加剂碱度的瞬时测量值和所述添加剂浓度的瞬时测量值来确定所述添加剂的还原能力。
3.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括以下步骤:
-借助于安装在所述储箱内部的一个或多个测量传感器,获得所述储箱内部的温度的瞬时测量值;
并且,所述确定所述添加剂的还原能力的步骤在于根据所述储箱内部的添加剂碱度的瞬时测量值和添加剂浓度的瞬时测量值和/或温度的瞬时测量值来确定所述添加剂的还原能力。
4.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述组件是以下组件中的至少一个:
-注射器;
-加热设备。
5.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述传感器是电容传感器。
6.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括以下步骤:
-将所述所确定的还原能力和与还原能力最小准许值相关的预定阈值比较;
-如果所述所确定的还原能力小于或等于所述预定阈值,则激活要求更新所述添加剂的指示器。
7.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述添加剂是尿素水溶液。
8.一种用于管理用于存储添加剂并将添加剂注入到内燃机排放气体中的系统的至少一个组件的运行的控制系统,所述存储和注入系统包括用于存储所述添加剂的储箱,所述控制系统的特征在于,该控制系统包括控制单元,该控制单元能够:
-接收来自于安装在所述储箱内部的一个或多个测量传感器的、传递所述储箱内部的碱度的瞬时测量值信息的信号;
-根据所述储箱内部的碱度的瞬时测量值确定所述添加剂的还原能力;
-根据所确定的还原能力,产生控制信号;
-向所述组件传送所产生的控制信号。
9.一种用于管理用于存储添加剂并将添加剂注入到内燃机排放气体中的系统的至少一个组件的运行的方法,所述系统包括用于存储所述添加剂的储箱,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-借助于安装在所述储箱内部的一个或多个测量传感器,获得所述储箱内部的添加剂浓度的瞬时测量值和添加剂碱度的瞬时测量值;
-根据所述储箱内部的添加剂浓度的瞬时测量值和添加剂碱度的瞬时测量值确定所述添加剂的还原能力;
-根据所确定的还原能力产生控制信号;
-向所述组件传送所产生的控制信号。
10.一种用于管理用于存储添加剂并将添加剂注入到内燃机排放气体中的系统的至少一个组件的运行的方法,所述系统包括用于存储所述添加剂的储箱,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-借助于安装在所述储箱内部的一个或多个测量传感器,获得所述储箱内部的添加剂浓度的瞬时测量值和添加剂碱度的瞬时测量值和温度瞬时测量值;
-根据所述储箱内部的添加剂浓度的瞬时测量值和添加剂碱度的瞬时测量值和温度的瞬时测量值确定所述添加剂的还原能力;
-根据所确定的还原能力产生控制信号;
-向所述组件传送所产生的控制信号。
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FR1260838A FR2997998B1 (fr) | 2012-11-14 | 2012-11-14 | Methode et systeme pour le controle du fonctionnement d'un systeme de stockage et d'injection d'additif dans les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur. |
FR1260838 | 2012-11-14 | ||
PCT/IB2013/060134 WO2014076654A1 (fr) | 2012-11-14 | 2013-11-14 | Méthode et système pour le contrôle du fonctionnement d'un système de stockage et d'injection d'additif dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur |
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US (1) | US9598995B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2923049A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN104797791A (zh) |
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- 2012-11-14 FR FR1260838A patent/FR2997998B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2013
- 2013-11-14 EP EP13799112.1A patent/EP2923049A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2013-11-14 CN CN201380058935.9A patent/CN104797791A/zh active Pending
- 2013-11-14 US US14/442,795 patent/US9598995B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-11-14 WO PCT/IB2013/060134 patent/WO2014076654A1/fr active Application Filing
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FR2997998B1 (fr) | 2018-07-27 |
WO2014076654A1 (fr) | 2014-05-22 |
US20150292385A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
EP2923049A1 (fr) | 2015-09-30 |
US9598995B2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
FR2997998A1 (fr) | 2014-05-16 |
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