CN1047886C - 对脉冲电流灵敏的差分保护设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于电气装置的差分保护设备,含有:差分变压器(1),包括环形铁芯(2)、多个初级绕组、和当初级绕组发生差分漏电时两端建立起差分漏电信号的次级绕组(3);断路继电器(4);以及把继电器(4)连接到次级绕组(3)各端的辅助连接电路(5)。所述辅助连接电路(5)调整到当所述差分漏电信号超过预定的门限值时使断路发生,。上述辅助连接电路(5)包括全波整流器(6,7)和与环形铁芯(2)的次级绕组(3)并联的电容器(8),并且磁芯由毫微晶体材料制成。
Description
本发明涉及电气装置的差分保护设备,该设备属于具有以下组成的类型:差分变压器、电流切断装置的断路(trip)继电器、及辅助连接电路;其中所述差分变压器包括由磁芯形成的环形铁芯、由电气装置的电源导线形成的多个初级绕组,和当在初级绕组中发生差分漏电(fault)时在各端建立起差分漏电信号的次级绕组;所述辅助连接电路将所述断路继电器连接到上述次级绕组的各端,并且调整到当所述差分漏电信号超过预定的门限值时使断路发生。
利用漏电电流的断路设备应用于保护机器和人员已有许多年。为保护人员,断路电流可以是30mA,而为保护机器它在大约300至500mA的范围内。
然而,在最近几年里,越来越多的具有整流效应的电子设备装入了许多电气装置中。这些整流效应可产生容易影响差分设备工作的DC分量。电子断路设备的扩大使用,尤其在家用电器中的使用,也要求这些设备不但对交流电流还对脉冲DC漏电电流完全安全地作出响应。为这类断路设备限定的极限值已经由标准VDE 0664作了规定。已知有满足该特定要求的上述类型的断路设备,在这些设备中,变压器环形铁芯的磁芯由为该用途设计的晶体材料制成。这些材料的主要定量特性是正弦励磁电流的感应幅度^B,经过半波整流的正弦励磁电流的静态感应提升ΔB stat,和经过全波整流的正弦励磁电流的动态感应提升ΔB dyn。
在这些断路设备中,已知在变压器次级绕组和继电器断路用绕组之间接有电容器,以便在继电器这一级通过增加功率来增加断路设备的灵敏度。于是次级绕组和电容器形成了振荡电路。而且振荡电路的谐振频率必须和漏电电流在次级绕组中产生的电压频率一致。实现谐振电路调谐的方法是根据为电容器规定的电容值来规定决级绕组的圈数,然后确定断路设备的断路条件。然而,最后设定的圈数只代表兼顾不同形状漏电电流的圈数。
欧洲专利申请EP-0,563,606描述一种用于断路设备的变流器,该变流器允许经受脉冲电流的用户电路获得安全的断路,其中断路的实现方式实际上与漏电电流的形状无关。获得如此结果是由于使用了呈现下列磁特性的毫微晶体(nanocrystalline)材料制造的磁芯:Br/Bs<0.3,ΔBdyn>0.6T,对于幅度为100mA/cm的场强,ΔBdyn max>0.7T,并且ΔBdyn/^B>0.7,这些磁芯分两阶段做成。
在该专利中出现的磁定量特性对于使用电容器的断路设备方案是令人关注的。有该电容的存在及获得ΔBdyn/^B>0.7的事实使得可能在次级绕组上得到更为对称的电流形状。在此情况下,极化的电磁断路设备相对于两个较为对称的门限值工作,从而更便于在制造时进行设定调整。然而,虽然这些特点是有利的,它们却有约束性,因为它们要求对磁芯材料作特殊处理。
此外,在该专利中,断路设备不能为一些常见的应用(如分度器(graduators))获得有效的差分保护,分度器可以有极短暂的断开角(openingangles),范围为从135°至180°。
本发明克服了这些难点,它提出的差分保护设备对脉冲电流的灵敏度有所提高,而对变压器环形铁芯的磁芯的磁特性没有特殊要求。在一个特定实施例中,本发明还能在脉冲电流方面实现更宽范围的保护,特别是与某些分度器有关的角α>135°的脉冲电流。
为此,本发明的目的是实现一种上述类型的差分保护设备,该差分保护设备的特征在于上述辅助电路包括整流器,还在于环形铁芯的磁芯由毫微晶体材料形成。
按照本发明的特定实施例,磁芯由以软磁铁为基础的合金制成,该合金由至少50%的、尺寸小于100nm的精细晶粒组成,并且用原子百分数表示除了铁含量大于60%外,还含有0.5至2%的铜,2至5%的至少下列金属之一:铌、钨、钽、锆、铪、钛和/或钼,5至14%的硼及14至17%的硅。
按照一个特定实施例,上述整流器包括两个二极管,该两个二极管分别把次级绕组的两端连接到继电器线圈两端之一,而线圈的另一端则连接到次级绕组的中点。
这两个二极管最好是齐纳二极管。
按照另一实施例,上述整流器包括将次级绕组两端连接到继电器线圈两端的二极管电桥。
按照一个特点,辅助电路还包括与环形铁芯的次级绕组并联的电容器。
按照另一特点,辅助电路的电压浪涌(surge)因子为大约3.5。
按照再一特点,由环形铁芯的次级绕组和电容器组成的电路的谐振频率为大约120Hz。
按照又一特点,辅助电路还包括存储电容器和连接到该存储电容器作比较用的设备,所述设备有一连接到继电器的控制设备的监视输出,以便当电容器的电压值大于预定的门限值时向继电器供应断路信号。
该作比较用的设备最好包括比较器或电压门限二极管。
继电器的控制设备最好包括可控硅。
从结合只作为实例给出的附图进行的以下说明,本发明的其他优点和特点将变得更为明显,在这些附图中:
图1是表示晶体材料和毫微晶体材料断路门限值的变化曲线。
图2、3和6分别表示本发明断路设备的三个实施例。
图4是两条分别表示晶体材料和毫微晶体材料的电压浪涌因子(在y轴上)和比值C/C(50Hz)(在x轴上)的关系曲线。
图5表示工作在A类时毫微晶体与晶体相比所达到的门限值的相对减少量和断开角的关系。
在图2、3和6中,可以分别见到本发明差分断路设备D的三个实施例,这种差分断路设备D设计成例如包含在电路断路器(未示出)中或者与之配合,以断开向电气装置供电的电源导线。在这三个实施例中,设备D都包括由环形磁铁芯2形成的差分变压器1,差分变压器1有用通过环形铁芯2的电气装置电源导线形成的初级绕组(未示出)及用辅助连接电路5连接到极化型断路继电路4线圈的次级绕组3。环形铁芯2的磁芯用毫微晶体材料制成。
在图2中表示的断路设备D的辅助电路5由两个二极管6、7形成,在输入处,二极管6、7分别连接到次级绕组3的两端,在输出处则连接到断路继电器4的正极,而继电器4的负极则连接到环形铁芯2的次级绕组3的中点3a。在图3所示的实施例中,辅助电路5还包括并联在环形铁芯2的次级绕组3上的电容器8。应当注意,最好能使用齐纳二极管或其他等效的器件以防止乱真的断路。
在图6所示的实施例中,辅助电路5包括调谐电容器13,电容器13与环形铁芯2的次级绕组3及整流器电桥P并联,整流器电桥P的输出与存储电容器14并联,存储电容器14又和串联安装的继电器4及可控硅15并联,还和具有连接到可控硅15的控制输出的门限电路16并联。
对于前两个实施例来说,当在初级绕组中出现漏电电流并且加到继电器4线圈上的漏电信号超过预定的断路门限值时,断路继电器4就命令断路器跳闸。当在次级3上得到的电压表现为两个不对称的半波时,整流器6、7在次级上进行电流的对称化,以符合极化继电器4相对于两个对称门限工作的需要。
在第三实施例中,当存储电容器14的端电压超过一定门限值时,门限电路16经由可控硅15向继电器14供应断路信号。
在图2的实施例中,例如通过使用呈现如下磁特性:ΔBdyn(100mAt/cm)<0.6T,ΔB dyn max<0.7T及ΔBdyn/^B<0.7的毫微晶体,可以使断路设备D以对脉冲电流良好的灵敏度来工作。
在图1中,曲线(a)表示按照标准VDE 0664建立断路门限的标准界限和断开角的关系。曲线(b)表示在辅助电路含有整流器的断路设备(D)中当环形铁芯2的磁芯使用(78%NI含量的)晶体材料时门限值随断开角(α)的变化,而曲线(c)表示在同一种断路设备中使用毫微晶体材料时的同一变化。
参照图1,可看出,在具有整流器的辅助电路5中,环形铁芯2的磁芯使用毫微晶体材料可使获得的随断开角(α)变化的差分断路门限值(S)(曲线c)在直到135°的断开角上明显地低于由标准界限(曲线a)建立的差分断路门限值。
通过测量ΔB dyn与频率的关系,使人们能明显注意到毫微晶体特有的降低的损耗,这就允许以加宽的断开角(α)获得差分保护,如图5所示。该图的曲线在y轴上表示通过使用毫微晶体,与含有55%NI的晶体相比,在脉冲电流下门限值(R)降低的百分数。
在图3和6所示的实施例中,电容器8使加到继电器4的功率得以增加。毫微晶体材料的使用使得能拾取和向次级3传送足够的能量以使继电器4断开。次级绕组3和电容器8形成谐振电路,其谐振频率的选择使得由电容器8产生的电压浪涌大致上是无电容器时出现的电压的3.5倍。可以指出,电压浪涌因子(f)的定义是已知频率的电容器8的电压与无电容器时在同一频率的次级绕组3两端电压的比值。谐振频率的选择也使得含有电容器的滤波器的通带不致将脉冲电流信号中存在的高于50Hz的频率的各次谐波砍掉太多,尤其当α=135°时。如果使用晶体材料,该频率通常约为75Hz。
当组成磁芯的材料是毫微晶体材料时,由于它的低损耗,它产生的电压浪涌是传统晶体材料所产生的两倍,这可以在图4中看出。该图4的曲线d和e分别表示在使用毫微晶体材料(d)和传统晶体材料(e)时的电压浪涌因子f(在y轴上)与电容器的电容值和在50Hz上谐振的电容值(C,50Hz)的比值(在x轴上)的关系。因此可以在这些曲线上看出,毫微晶体的与3.5的电压浪涌系数值相对应的C/C(50Hz)量B比晶体的C/C(50Hz)量A要低,这就允许选择谐振频率为约120Hz。其结果是加宽了差分通带,这就允许在A类(脉冲电流)、即在135°<α<180°的角度(这些角度在某些分度器中存在)的情况下加宽保护范围。
可以指出,磁芯最好可由以软磁铁为基础的合金形成,该合金由至少50%的、尺寸小于100nm的晶粒制成并且用原子百分数表示除了大于60%的铁含量之外,还含有0.5至2%的铜,2至5%的至少下列金属之一:铌、钨、钽、锆、铪、钛和/或钼,5至14%的硼及14至17%的硅。
因此,一方面由于毫微晶体特有的低损耗,另一方面由于环形铁芯和调谐电容器组合的通带的加宽,实现了尤其能在断开角α>135°情况下降低脉冲电流断路门限值的差分保护设备。
当然,本发明不限于仅作为实例给出的已说明和图示的这些实施例。
相反,已描述设备的所有技术等同物及其组合,只要是按照本发明思路制作的,都在本发明覆盖的范围之内。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于电气装置的差分保护设备,所述设备属于具有以下组成的类型:差分变压器、电流切断装置的断路继电器、及辅助连接电路;其中所述差分变压器包括由磁芯形成的环形铁芯、由电气装置的电源导线形成的多个初级绕组、和当在所述初级绕组中发生差分漏电时在各端建立起差分漏电信号的次级绕组;所述辅助连接电路将所述断路继电器连接到所述次级绕组的各端,并且调整到当所述差分漏电信号超过预定的门限值时使断路发生;所述差分保护设备的特征在于所述环形铁芯(2)的所述磁芯由毫微晶体材料制成,还在于所述辅助连接电路(5)包括与谐振电路相联的整流器(6、7)。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于所述辅助连接电路(5)包括整流器(6、7)和与所述环形铁芯(2)的次级绕组(3)并联的电容器(8),其中所述电容器(8)与所述次级绕组(3)一起组成谐振电路。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的设备,其特征在于所述磁芯由以软磁铁为基础的合金形成,该合金由至少50%的、尺寸小于100nm的精细晶粒组成,并且用原子百分数表示除了铁含量大于60%外还含有0.5至2%的铜,2至5%的至少下列金属之一:铌、钨、钽、锆、铪、钛和/或钼,5至14%的硼,及14至17%的硅。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于所述整流器包括两个二极管(6、7),该两个二极管分别把所述次级绕组(3)的两端连接到所述继电器(4)线圈两端之一,而所述线圈(4)的另一端则连接到所述次级绕组(3)的中点(3a)。
5.如权利要求4所述的设备,其特征在于所述的两个二极管是两个齐纳二极管。
6.如以上权利要求中1至3中任一权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于所述整流器包括把所述次级绕组(3)的各端连接到所述继电器(4)的所述线圈各端的二极管电桥。
7如以上权利要求中任一权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于所述辅助电路(5)的电压浪涌因子(f)是大约3.5。
8.如以上权利要求中任一权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于由所述环形铁芯(2)的次级绕组(3)和所述电容器(8)组成的电路的谐振频率是大约120Hz。
9.如以上权利要求中任一权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于所述辅助电路(5)还包括存储电容器(14)和用于比较的设备(16),其中所述比较设备连接到所述存储电容器(14),并且包括连接到所述继电器(4)的控制设备(15)的监视输出,以便当所述电容器(14)的电压值大于预定的门限值时向所述继电器(4)供应断路信号。
10.如权利要求9所述的设备,其特征在于用于比较的所述设备(16)包括比较器。
11.如权利要求9所述的设备,其特征在于用于比较的所述设备(16)包括电压门限二极管。
12.如权利要求9至11中任一权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于所述继电器(4)的所述控制设备包括可控硅(15)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR95/04850 | 1995-04-18 | ||
FR9504850A FR2733374B1 (fr) | 1995-04-18 | 1995-04-18 | Dispositif de protection differentielle sensible aux courants pulses |
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CN1184566A CN1184566A (zh) | 1998-06-10 |
CN1047886C true CN1047886C (zh) | 1999-12-29 |
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CN96193896A Expired - Fee Related CN1047886C (zh) | 1995-04-18 | 1996-04-18 | 对脉冲电流灵敏的差分保护设备 |
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US (1) | US5969930A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0821842B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1047886C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69613467T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2160243T3 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2733374B1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1996033542A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA962965B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE19937061A1 (de) * | 1999-08-05 | 2001-02-08 | Siemens Ag | Fehlerstrom-Schutzeinrichtung |
FR2824951B1 (fr) * | 2001-05-21 | 2003-07-25 | Schneider Electric Ind Sa | Transformateur de detection pour dispositif de protection differentielle et dispositif de protection comportant un tel transformateur |
EP1724792A1 (fr) * | 2005-05-20 | 2006-11-22 | Imphy Alloys | Procédé de fabrication d'une bande en matériau nanocristallin et dispositif de fabrication d'un tore enroulé à partir de cette bande |
TW200926217A (en) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-16 | Ming-Yue Jiang | Apparatus for regenerating power using current magnetic field energy of power cord |
AT511285B1 (de) * | 2011-04-01 | 2019-11-15 | Eaton Gmbh | Fehlerstromschutzschalter |
FR2993058B1 (fr) * | 2012-07-05 | 2014-08-08 | Hager Electro Sas | Dispositif de protection differentiel. |
FR3043270B1 (fr) * | 2015-10-29 | 2021-04-30 | Hager Electro Sas | Dispositif de protection differentielle avec une fonction coupe-feu |
CN106026049B (zh) * | 2016-07-25 | 2018-10-16 | 国网山东省电力公司聊城供电公司 | 基于光学电流互感器的差动保护装置 |
CN106058804A (zh) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-10-26 | 国网山东省电力公司聊城供电公司 | 基于光学电流互感器的线路全电流差动保护判断方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0085595A1 (fr) * | 1982-01-19 | 1983-08-10 | Merlin Gerin | Dispositif de déclenchement différentiel à propre courant |
EP0563606A2 (de) * | 1992-04-01 | 1993-10-06 | Vacuumschmelze GmbH | Stromwandler für pulsstromsensitive Fehlerstromschutzschalter |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3614534A (en) * | 1970-06-29 | 1971-10-19 | Thomas A O Gross | Ground-fault-responsive electrical protective systems |
US3657604A (en) * | 1971-04-19 | 1972-04-18 | Gen Electric | Shock protection device circuit |
DE3028595A1 (de) * | 1980-07-28 | 1982-02-25 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Fehlerstromschutzschalter, der auf fehlerstroeme mit gleichstromkomponenten anspricht |
US4378579A (en) * | 1980-11-07 | 1983-03-29 | Sprague Electric Company | Alternately low and high input-impedance detector for use in a GFI |
US4366520A (en) * | 1981-03-25 | 1982-12-28 | Magnetic Metals Corporation | Differential transformer core for pulse currents |
CH656262A5 (en) * | 1981-07-01 | 1986-06-13 | Maier & Cie C | Electronic tripping circuit for a delayed fault current protection circuit |
DE3911480A1 (de) * | 1989-04-08 | 1990-10-11 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh | Verwendung einer feinkristallinen eisen-basislegierung als magnetwerkstoff fuer fehlerstrom-schutzschalter |
IT1247630B (it) * | 1990-11-08 | 1994-12-28 | Zanussi Elettrodomestici | Dispositivo di sicurezza elettronico di tipo differenziale per apparecchiature elettrodomestiche |
DE4429007A1 (de) * | 1994-08-16 | 1996-02-22 | Siemens Ag | Fehlerstromschutzschalter mit Energiespeicherschaltung |
-
1995
- 1995-04-18 FR FR9504850A patent/FR2733374B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-04-15 ZA ZA962965A patent/ZA962965B/xx unknown
- 1996-04-18 CN CN96193896A patent/CN1047886C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-04-18 EP EP96913604A patent/EP0821842B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-18 US US08/930,963 patent/US5969930A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-18 WO PCT/FR1996/000587 patent/WO1996033542A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1996-04-18 DE DE69613467T patent/DE69613467T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-18 ES ES96913604T patent/ES2160243T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0085595A1 (fr) * | 1982-01-19 | 1983-08-10 | Merlin Gerin | Dispositif de déclenchement différentiel à propre courant |
EP0563606A2 (de) * | 1992-04-01 | 1993-10-06 | Vacuumschmelze GmbH | Stromwandler für pulsstromsensitive Fehlerstromschutzschalter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2733374B1 (fr) | 1997-06-06 |
DE69613467T2 (de) | 2002-04-11 |
EP0821842A1 (fr) | 1998-02-04 |
ES2160243T3 (es) | 2001-11-01 |
WO1996033542A1 (fr) | 1996-10-24 |
US5969930A (en) | 1999-10-19 |
EP0821842B1 (fr) | 2001-06-20 |
CN1184566A (zh) | 1998-06-10 |
ZA962965B (en) | 1996-10-22 |
FR2733374A1 (fr) | 1996-10-25 |
DE69613467D1 (de) | 2001-07-26 |
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