CN104723872A - Gear shifting hand lifting mechanism, shifter with gear shifting hand lifting mechanism and car - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a shifting portable mechanism, a shifter and an automobile using the same, comprising a shifting portable body set on the outside of the shift lever, the bottom area of the shifting portable body is provided with a limiting structure, the A hand-held adjustment structure for shifting is provided at the limit structure; the hand-held adjustment structure for shifting can move longitudinally along the limit structure, and the hand-held adjustment structure for shifting is in clearance fit with the reverse error prevention wall. The shifting portable mechanism of the present invention can be mass-produced on a platform to reduce the development types of the shifting portable mechanism, reduce development costs and shorten the development cycle.

Description

Gear shifting mechanism and its gear shifter and automobile

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of auto parts, in particular to a shifting hand mechanism, a shifter and an automobile using the same.

Background technique

At present, in the mechanical automobile transmission, gear selection and gear shifting (gear shifting) operations are usually realized through a shifter. Wherein, the transmission of force and the matching of gears can be carried out between the shifter and the transmission through a shift cable (cable).

Specifically, the gear shifter mainly includes a base, a gear selection mechanism, a shift handle, a gear lever, a gear lever and a reverse error prevention wall; the gear selection mechanism can be arranged inside the base, and one end of the gear lever can be connected with the Select the shift mechanism connection, the other end can be connected with the shift handle, the shift handle can be set on the outside of the shift lever and fit with the reverse error prevention wall on the base (the bottom area of the shift handle and the reverse error prevention wall The horizontal distance between the top areas is the shift hand stroke). In the prior art, the shifter according to different parameters needs to be matched with shift handles of different heights, so that a good clearance fit can be performed between the shift handle and the reverse error prevention wall, thereby preventing the shifting handle from being too small The gear shifting handle is easy to come off the reverse gear error prevention wall, causing the driver to mistakenly engage the reverse gear and cause a serious traffic accident; When the reverse gear is engaged, the shifting failure occurs.

However, in the prior art, shifters with different parameters need to be matched with shift handles of different heights, resulting in many types of shift handles, high development costs and long development cycles.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the present invention aims at proposing a gear shifting mechanism, a gear shifter and an automobile using it, so as to solve the problems in the prior art that there are many types of gear shifting, high development cost and long development period.

In order to achieve the above object, technical solution of the present invention is achieved in that way:

A shifting portable mechanism, comprising a shifting portable body (2) set on the outside of a shifting lever (1), the bottom area of the shifting portable body (2) is provided with a limiting structure (3), the limiting The position structure (3) is provided with a hand-held adjustment structure (4) for shifting; the hand-held adjustment structure (4) for shifting can move longitudinally along the limit structure (3), and the hand-held adjustment structure (4) ) cooperates with the reverse block error-proof wall (5) clearance.

Wherein, the position-limiting structure (3) includes a housing (31) fixedly connected with the shifting portable body (2); the outer side of the housing (31) is provided for penetrating through the shifting portable adjustment structure ( 4) the guide hole (311), the inside of the housing (31) is provided with a limiting groove (312) for limiting the displacement of the shifting portable adjustment structure (4).

Specifically, the guide hole (311) is located on the side wall of the housing (31) opposite to the shift handle body (2); the limiting groove (312) is located on the housing (31) The inside is arranged symmetrically near the two side walls of the shifting portable body (2).

In actual application, the hand-held adjustment structure (4) for gear shifting includes a hand-held block (41) located outside the limit structure (3) and a locking slider (42) located inside the limit structure (3). ); the portable block (41) can move longitudinally and drive the locking slider (42) in the limiting structure (3) to move longitudinally.

Wherein, an installation hole (411) for installing the locking slider (42) is provided on the side wall where the portable block (41) fits with the limiting structure (3); the locking slider One end of the block (42) penetrates the mounting hole (411) and is threadedly connected with the portable block (41), and the two side walls of the other end are provided with locks matching the position-limiting structure (3). Check groove (421).

Specifically, the inner side of the limiting structure (3) and the outer side of the hand-held adjustment structure (4) for shifting are also provided with an adjusting and fixing block (6); the adjusting and fixing block (6) can be positioned within the limiting structure ( 3) The interior moves longitudinally together with the shifting portable adjustment structure (4).

Further, the shifting portable adjustment structure (4) is also provided with a blocking piece (43), and the blocking piece (43) is located inside the adjusting and fixing block (6), and the adjusting and fixing block (6) ) is also provided with a back-moving spring (61) inboard.

In actual application, the shifting portable adjustment structure (4) is provided with a gear locking pin (7), and the top of the reverse gear error prevention wall (5) is provided with a gear matching the gear locking pin (7). Gear locking hole (51); the gear locking pin (7) can pass through the gear locking hole (51), so that the shifter is in the reverse gear position and locked.

Compared with the prior art, the gear shifting mechanism of the present invention has the following advantages:

In the shift portable mechanism provided by the present invention, it includes a shift portable body set on the outside of the shift lever. The hand-held adjustment structure can move longitudinally along the position-limiting structure, and the hand-held adjustment structure for shifting gears cooperates with the reverse gear error prevention gap. From this analysis, it can be seen that the shift handle adjustment structure can move longitudinally along the limit structure on the lower end area of the shift handle body outside the shift lever, so that the height of the shift handle mechanism can be adjusted, so that the shift handle The portable mechanism can be matched with shifters with different parameters, so that the shift portable mechanism can be mass-produced on a platform, so as to reduce the development types of the shift portable mechanism, reduce development costs and shorten the development cycle.

Another object of the present invention is to propose a shifter, including the shifting hand mechanism described in any one of the above, which can improve the production efficiency of the shifter, reduce development costs, and can effectively improve the practicability of the shifter and matching effects.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an automobile, including the shifter, which can effectively improve the shifting comfort of the automobile.

The shifter and the automobile have the same advantages as the above-mentioned hand shifting mechanism compared to the prior art, and will not be repeated here.

Description of drawings

The drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached picture:

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the shifting hand mechanism described in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the shifting hand mechanism described in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the shift handle body and the limit structure in the shift handle mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the shifting portable adjustment structure in the shifting portable mechanism described in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the adjusting and fixing block in the shifting hand mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the shifting hand mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention in the reverse gear locked state.

Explanation of reference signs:

1-shift lever, 2-shift portable body, 3-limit structure, 31-housing, 311-guide hole, 312-limit slot, 4-shift portable adjustment structure, 41-portable block, 411 -Installation hole, 412-wedge block, 413-wrong-proof block, 42-lock slider, 421-lock slot, 43-block, 44-installation slot, 45-coil spring, 5-reverse block Wrong wall, 51-reverse gear locking hole, 6-adjusting fixed block, 61-return spring, 62-body, 63-guide bar, 64-through hole, 7-gear locking pin.

Detailed ways

It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

The embodiment of the present invention provides a shifting portable mechanism, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, which includes a shifting portable body 2 set on the outside of the shift lever 1, and the bottom area of the shifting portable body 2 is provided with a limit structure 3 , the limit structure 3 is provided with a hand-held adjustment structure 4 for shifting; the hand-held adjustment structure 4 for shifting can move longitudinally along the limit structure 3, and the hand-held adjustment structure 4 for shifting is in clearance fit with the reverse error-proof wall 5 .

The shift portable mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a shift portable body set on the outside of the shift lever, the bottom area of the shift portable body is provided with a limit structure, and the position limit structure is provided with a shift portable adjustment structure; The hand-held adjustment structure for gear shifting can move longitudinally along the position-limiting structure, and the hand-held adjustment structure for gear shifting cooperates with the reverse gear error prevention gap. From this analysis, it can be seen that the shift handle adjustment structure can move longitudinally along the limit structure on the lower end area of the shift handle body outside the shift lever, so that the height of the shift handle mechanism can be adjusted, so that the shift handle The portable mechanism can be matched with shifters with different parameters, so that the shift portable mechanism can be mass-produced on a platform, so as to reduce the development types of the shift portable mechanism, reduce development costs and shorten the development cycle.

What needs to be supplemented here is that the gear shifter provided by the embodiment of the present invention can adapt to different parameters. The hand-held adjustment structure for shifting in the hand-held mechanism moves upwards along the limit structure, so that the hand-held stroke for shifting between the bottom area of the hand-held adjustment structure for shifting and the top area of the reverse error prevention wall is within a suitable range; When the height of the anti-wrong-proof wall is low, the hand-held adjustment structure for shifting in the hand-shift mechanism can be moved downward along the limit structure, so that the area between the bottom end of the hand-held adjustment structure for shifting and the top area of the anti-wrong-proof wall for reverse gear can be adjusted downward. The hand-held stroke of the gearshift is in the appropriate range. In addition, the hand shifting mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention can also fine-tune the hand shifting stroke within a reasonable range after the vehicle is assembled, so as to meet the requirements of different drivers for different hand shifting strokes, thereby improving the speed of shifting. The practicability of the hand-held mechanism and the driving safety of the whole vehicle.

In actual application, in order to facilitate overall assembly and manufacturing, as shown in Figure 3, the limit structure 3 may include a housing 31 fixedly connected to the shift handle body 2, and the outer side of the housing 31 may be provided with a handle for penetrating the shift handle. The rectangular guide hole 311 of the adjustment structure 4 can play the role of guiding and moving the hand-held adjustment structure 4 for shifting and the effect of facilitating assembly; and as shown in FIG. The limit groove 312 for the movement of the structure 4 prevents unnecessary movement of the hand-held adjustment structure 4 for gear shifting under the action of its own weight. Wherein, as shown in FIG. 3 , the shift handle body 2 can be a cylindrical body, and the housing 31 can include three rectangular plates arranged axially along the shift handle body 2 , and matching with the above-mentioned rectangular plates and the cylindrical body. Upper and lower cover plates; specifically, the rectangular plate opposite to the shifting portable body 2 can be detachably connected with other rectangular plates and/or upper and lower cover plates through a buckle structure and/or a chute structure, etc., so as to facilitate The matching installation of the shifting portable adjustment structure 4 and the limit structure 3.

Among them, in order to facilitate the height adjustment operation of the hand-held mechanism for shifting, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4, the hand-held adjustment structure 4 for shifting can include a hand-held stopper 41 located outside the housing 31 of the position-limiting structure 3 and a position-limiting structure. The locking slider 42 inside the housing 31 of 3 can move longitudinally by manually manipulating the hand-held block 41 to drive the locking slider 42 in the limiting structure 3 to move longitudinally, and fix it at a suitable height position.

Specifically, in order to ensure the cooperation between the reverse error prevention wall 5 and the shifting portable adjustment structure 4, and between the portable block 41 and the locking slider 42, as shown in Figure 4, the portable block 41 may include The upper part is used for the wedge-shaped stopper 412 fixed with the locking slider 42, and the lower part is used for the error-prevention stopper 413 which is used for clearance fit with the reverse error-proof wall 5, and the above-mentioned wedge-shaped stopper 412 can be integrated with the error-proof stopper 413 Shaping settings. Wherein, the locking slider 42 can be a horizontal "T" structure, and one end of the locking slider 42 of the horizontal "T" structure can be fixedly connected with the wedge-shaped stopper 412, and the other end can be connected with the limiting structure. 3 matching connections. Preferably, in the wedge-shaped stopper 412 of the portable stopper 41, the central area on the side wall attached to the stop structure 3 can be provided with an installation hole 411 for installing the locking slider 42, and the installation hole 411 can be Corresponding to the above guide hole 311, so that one end of the locking slider 42 can pass through the installation hole 411 and be screwed to the wedge-shaped stopper 412, while the other end of the locking slider 42 can pass through the guide hole 311 and be located at the limit. within bit structure 3. Wherein, the connection between the locking slider 42 and the hand-carrying block 41 can specifically be that the mounting hole 411 on the wedge-shaped block 412 is provided with an internal thread, and the corresponding end of the locking slider 42 can be provided with a thread matching the above-mentioned internal thread. external thread.

Among them, in order to facilitate the fixed connection between the locking slider 42 inside the housing 31 and the portable block 41 outside the housing 31, as shown in FIG. The central area of the wall, so that the threaded end of the locking slider 42 can pass through the guide hole 311 and be screwed and fixed with the mounting hole 411 on the wedge-shaped structure 412 . Further, in order to clamp the locking slider 42 and prevent it from moving under the action of its own gravity, as shown in FIG. The locking groove 421 that is matched with the limiting groove 312 at the two side walls of the hand-held body 2 of the gearshift adjacent to the inside of the housing 31 of the limiting structure 3, so that the toothed structure on the locking groove 421 can be matched with the locking groove 312 on the limiting groove 312. The teeth-like structures mesh with each other, so that the hand-held shifting adjustment structure 4 can be fixed in the limiting structure 3; at the same time, the locking groove 421 and the limiting groove 312 can move relative to each other under the external force of the operator, so that the shifting The hand-held adjustment structure 4 can move longitudinally, and then play the role of adjusting the height of the hand-held mechanism for shifting.

In actual application, in order to make the force exerted by the operator on the hand-held block 41 be better transmitted to the locking slider 42, so that the shifting hand-held adjustment structure 4 can slide more smoothly, as shown in Figure 2, the limit structure 3 The inner side of the housing 31 and the outer side of the locking slider 42 of the shifting hand-held adjustment structure 4 can also be provided with an adjustment and fixing block 6, and the adjustment and fixing block 6 can be adjusted in the housing 31 of the position-limiting structure 3 along with the shifting hand-held adjustment structure. 4, the locking slider 42 moves longitudinally together, thereby adjusting the fixed block 6 can play the role of strengthening the firmness of the locking slider 42, and then can play the role of ensuring the smooth movement of the hand-held adjustment structure 4 for shifting. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5 , the adjusting and fixing block 6 may include a body 62 and a guide strip 63, the body 62 may be a rectangular hollow body structure, and a rectangular shape with the housing 31 may be provided on both sides of an end face in the vertical direction. The chute structure on the plate is matched with a rectangular guide bar 63, so that the guide bar 63 can move in the chute structure to play an auxiliary guiding role. In practical application, in order to prevent the rectangular plate on the housing 31 that is opposite to the shifting handle body 2 from moving in the chute structure along with the body 62, the rectangular plate can be combined with other rectangular plates through the chute structure and the buckle structure at the same time. Disassemble the connection, so that not only the disassembly requirement can be met, but also the fixation requirement can be met. Wherein, a through hole 64 may be provided on the end surface provided with the guide strip 63 and the opposite end surface, so that the threaded end of the locking slider 42 may be passed through the through hole 64 during assembly, so that the fixed block 6 may be adjusted. It is sleeved on the outside of the locking slider 42 of the hand-held adjustment structure 4 for shifting.

Among them, in order to enable the operator to move the hand-held shifting adjustment structure 4 more labor-saving, and avoid the wear and tear of the locking groove 421 and the limit groove 312 when moving and affect the service life of the two, the height adjustment of the hand-held gear shifting mechanism is carried out. During the actual operation, the operator can laterally pull the hand-held block 41 of the shifting portable adjustment structure 4, so that the hand-held block 41 drives the locking slider 42 to move laterally, so that the locking groove 421 can escape from the limiting groove 312, Furthermore, the locking slider 42 can smoothly move longitudinally in the housing 31 . Wherein, because when the locking groove 421 escapes from the limiting groove 312, the tooth-shaped structures of the two will not collide, so it can effectively avoid the toothing when the locking groove 421 and the limiting groove 312 move relative to each other under the action of external force. Therefore, the assembly method and operation method of the shifting hand mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention can not only improve the service life of the shifting hand mechanism, but also improve its operability.

Specifically, in order to be able to smoothly push in the hand-held shifting adjustment structure 4 pulled out horizontally, so that the toothed structure of the locking groove 421 and the limit groove 312 can be smoothly engaged, as shown in FIG. 4 , the hand-held shifting adjustment structure 4 The structure 4 can also be provided with a baffle 43, and the baffle 43 can be located on the inner side of the adjusting and fixing block 6, and can be attached to the above-mentioned end face only provided with the through hole 64, and the inside of the body 62 of the adjusting and fixing block 6 can also be adjusted. A return spring 61 is provided. Therefore, when the operator releases the height-adjusted shift portable adjustment structure 4, it will automatically complete the reset operation under the push of the return spring 61, which is simple and convenient. Wherein, the blocking piece 43 can play a good role in force transmission, so that the elastic force of the return spring 61 can be directly transmitted to the locking slider 42 through the blocking piece 43, thereby effectively preventing the elastic force from being transmitted to the body 62 of the adjusting and fixing block 6, Then, when the main body 62 transmits the force to the locking slider 42, the cooperation is unstable and the like. At this time, in order to realize the assembly of the adjustable and fixed block 6 with the shifting portable adjustment structure 4 with the stopper 43, the end face with the guide bar 63 in the body 62 of the adjustable and fixed block 6 can be buckled and fixed with other end faces, and the stopper 43 The locking slider 42 can be detachably fixed, so that the blocking piece 43 can be fixed to the locking slider 42 after the locking slider 42 enters the body 62 of the adjusting and fixing block 6 .

In practical application, the shifting hand mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention can not only perform longitudinal height adjustment, but also can perform gear locking, especially has a reverse gear locking function. Therefore, when the vehicle is assembled and/or when the gear position is not clear and needs to be adjusted accurately, the hand shifting mechanism can be locked in the reverse gear, so that the operator can easily match the gear position of the shifter and the transmission, and through The shift cable between the two is adjusted accordingly.

Among them, in order to facilitate the assembly and operation of the reverse gear lock function, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the top of the hand-held block 41 of the gear shift adjustment structure 4 can be provided with a gear lock pin 7, and the reverse gear can prevent mistakes. The top of the wall 5 can be provided with a corresponding gear locking hole 51, and the gear locking pin 7 can pass through the gear locking hole 51, so that the shifter is in the reverse gear position and locked. The specific operation process can be, through the threaded fit between the portable block 41 and the locking slider 42, the portable block 41 is rotated 180 degrees, so that the gear locking pin 7 is set towards the gear locking hole 51, and Make the gear lock pin 7 pass through the gear lock hole 51, so that the shifter is in the reverse gear lock state; therefore, the gear lock of the shift hand mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention can achieve simple structure and easy the purpose of the operation. Further, as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, an installation groove 44 for installing the gear locking pin 7 may be provided in the middle area of the top end of the portable block 41, and an elastic element such as a coil spring 45 may also be provided in the installation groove 44. etc., so that the operator can release the reverse lock of the hand shifting mechanism.

The operation process of the shifting hand mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 2, when performing the adjustment operation of the shifting portable stroke: first, pull the portable stopper 41 of the shifting portable adjustment structure 4 laterally until the locking position of the shifting portable adjustment structure 4 located inside the limit structure 3 The lock groove 421 of the slide block 42 breaks out of the limit groove 312 of the housing 31; then, adjust the hand-held block 41 of the shifting hand-held adjustment structure 4 in the longitudinal direction, and make it drive the lock slide block 42 in the shell Longitudinal movement in the body 31, let go after being selected to a suitable position; at this time, the shifting portable adjustment structure 4 automatically rebounds and resets under the action of the return spring 61, and the locking groove 421 of the locking slider 42 and the locking groove 421 in the housing 31 The limiting groove 312 cooperates with locking.

When performing gear lock function switching operations, firstly, pull the portable block 41 horizontally until the locking groove 421 breaks out of the limit groove 312; Adjust the portable block 41, let go after being selected to a suitable position; at this moment, the portable adjustment structure 4 for shifting gears automatically rebounds and resets. After completing the gear switching, as shown in Figure 6, the operator can lift the hand-held gear shifting mechanism so that it can be engaged in the reverse gear. The stop hole 51 cooperates; the operator unclamps the gearshift handle again to complete the reverse gear lock, and now the adjustment operation of the gearshift stay wire can be carried out. After the adjustment is completed, the gearshift handle can be manually pulled to release the reverse gear lock, so as to facilitate subsequent normal gearshift operations.

The assembly process of the hand shifting mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Fig. 2, firstly, the shift portable body 2 with the limit structure 3 is set on the outside of the shift lever 1; then, the locking slider 42 is put into the housing 31, and the locking groove 421 is aligned with the The limit groove 312 is engaged; then the adjusting and fixing block 6 is set on the outside of the locking slider 42 through the through hole 64 on the body 62, and the blocking piece 43 and the return spring 61 are sequentially loaded into the body 62, while ensuring that the blocking piece 43 Good fixation with the locking slider 42; after that, fix the end face with the guide bar 63 in the body 62 and other end faces in turn, and fix the rectangular plate opposite to the shift handle body 2 in the housing 31 with other rectangular plates ; Finally, the portable block 41 is fixed with the locking slider 42 through threaded fit.

The shifting portable mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention is a shifting portable mechanism with adjustable switching and locking gears. It is mainly suitable for manual shifters with six gears. Different positions in the limit structure of the reverse gear portable body can realize the adjustment of the gear shift portable stroke, so as to realize the platform-based production requirements of a gear shift portable mechanism matching multiple shifters, and can also meet different drivers Requirements for different hand-held strokes for shifting; on the other hand, by adjusting the hand-held stopper in the rotating gear-shifting hand-held adjustment structure, the switching of the gear locking function can be realized, thereby realizing the (reverse gear) gear locking function, and Carry out the adjustment of the corresponding shift cable; meanwhile, the shift hand mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a simple and reliable structure, is easy to assemble and maintain, and can perform time-saving and labor-saving operations in a limited space.

The embodiment of the present invention also provides a shifter, including the shifting hand mechanism described in any one of the above, which can improve the production efficiency of the shifter, reduce the development cost, and can effectively improve the practicability and matching of the shifter Effect.

The embodiment of the present invention further provides an automobile, including the above-mentioned shifter, which can effectively improve the comfort of shifting the automobile.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (10)

1. A shifting portable mechanism, comprising a shifting portable body (2) sleeved on the outside of the shifting lever (1), characterized in that the bottom area of the shifting portable body (2) is provided with a limiting structure ( 3), the position-limiting structure (3) is provided with a shifting portable adjustment structure (4); The hand-held adjustment structure for shifting (4) can move longitudinally along the limiting structure (3), and the hand-held adjustment structure for shifting (4) is in clearance fit with the reverse error prevention wall (5). 2. The shifting portable mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, the position limiting structure (3) includes a housing (31) fixedly connected with the shifting portable body (2); the housing (31) The outer side is provided with a guide hole (311) for penetrating through the shifting portable adjustment structure (4), and the inner side of the housing (31) is provided with a guide hole (311) for limiting the displacement of the shifting portable adjustment structure (4). Limiting groove (312). 3. The shifting portable mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, the guide hole (311) is located on the side wall of the housing (31) opposite to the shifting portable body (2); The limiting slots (312) are located inside the casing (31) and arranged symmetrically near the two side walls of the shifting handle body (2). 4. The hand-held mechanism for gear shifting according to claim 1, characterized in that, the hand-held adjustment structure for gear shifting (4) includes a hand-held stopper (41) located outside the limit structure (3) and a hand-held stopper (41) located on the outside The locking slider (42) inside the limit structure (3); The portable block (41) can move longitudinally and drives the locking slider (42) in the limiting structure (3) to move longitudinally. 5. The hand-held mechanism for shifting according to claim 4, characterized in that, the side wall of the hand-held stopper (41) and the limiting structure (3) is provided with a locking slide for installing the lock. The mounting hole (411) of block (42); One end of the locking slider (42) penetrates the mounting hole (411) and is threadedly connected with the portable block (41), and the two side walls of the other end are provided with the limiting structure ( 3) Matching locking groove (421). 6. The shifting hand mechanism according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that, an adjustment and fixing block (6) is provided on the inner side of the position limiting structure (3) and the outer side of the shifting hand adjustment structure (4) ; The adjusting and fixing block (6) can longitudinally move together with the hand-held adjusting structure (4) for shifting in the limiting structure (3). 7. The shifting portable mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that, the shifting portable adjustment structure (4) is also provided with a blocking piece (43), and the blocking piece (43) is located on the adjusting The inner side of the fixed block (6), the inner side of the adjustable fixed block (6) is also provided with a return spring (61). 8. The shifting portable mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, the shifting portable adjustment structure (4) is provided with a gear locking pin (7), and the top of the reverse error prevention wall (5) A gear locking hole (51) matching the gear locking pin (7) is provided; The gear lock pin (7) can pass through the gear lock hole (51), so that the shifter is in the reverse gear position and locked. 9. A shifter, characterized in that it comprises the hand shifting mechanism according to any one of claims 1-8. 10. An automobile, comprising the shifter according to claim 9.