CN104716429A - Low-coupling dual-frequency antenna array based on H-shaped micro-strip resonator - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于H形微带谐振器的低耦合双频天线阵，属于天线设计技术领域。该低耦合双频天线阵包括介质基板、微带天线单元和H形微带谐振器；微带天线单元为矩形微带天线，微带天线单元对称设置在介质基板的两侧，有两个工作频率；H形微带谐振器位于微带天线单元之间，所述H形微带谐振器用于在两个频率上分别产生谐振，所形成的间接的耦合路径，抵消了两个阵元之间的直接耦合；所述H形微带谐振器所产生的谐振频率可以通过改变其上部和下部的枝节长度来调节。本发明提供的一种基于H形微带谐振器的低耦合双频天线阵，能够有效地降低微带天线阵的耦合系数，且不增加任何额外成本、易于加工。
The invention relates to a low-coupling dual-frequency antenna array based on an H-shaped microstrip resonator, and belongs to the technical field of antenna design. The low-coupling dual-frequency antenna array includes a dielectric substrate, a microstrip antenna unit and an H-shaped microstrip resonator; the microstrip antenna unit is a rectangular microstrip antenna, and the microstrip antenna unit is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the dielectric substrate, with two working frequency; the H-shaped microstrip resonator is located between the microstrip antenna units, and the H-shaped microstrip resonator is used to generate resonance at two frequencies respectively, and the indirect coupling path formed cancels out the gap between the two array elements. direct coupling; the resonant frequency generated by the H-shaped microstrip resonator can be adjusted by changing the length of its upper and lower branches. The invention provides a low-coupling dual-frequency antenna array based on an H-shaped microstrip resonator, which can effectively reduce the coupling coefficient of the microstrip antenna array without adding any extra cost and is easy to process.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于天线设计技术领域，涉及一种基于H形微带谐振器的低耦合双频天线阵。The invention belongs to the technical field of antenna design, and relates to a low-coupling dual-frequency antenna array based on an H-shaped microstrip resonator.
背景技术Background technique
平面微带贴片天线在很多通信和雷达应用中是非常受欢迎的。多端口天线系统由于其高速率、大容量的优点而被广泛用于现代无线通信系统中。但是，在尺寸有限的终端设备上安装多个天线并非易事。这是因为随着天线阵元间距的减小，阵元间的电磁耦合变得很强，从而对天线以及整个通信系统的性能造成很大的影响。因此，多天线阵的设计需要考虑并降低阵元间的互耦。降低紧凑型天线阵列互耦的技术有多种。通过优化天线阵元的放置方向和馈电结构、在天线间加载电磁带隙结构(EBG)或缺陷地结构(DGS)、设计去耦匹配网络或者插入寄生阵元都可以降低天线间的互耦。但是，已有的天线阵去耦设计多是针对单频工作的天线阵，鲜有适用于双频天线的去耦设计。Planar microstrip patch antennas are very popular in many communication and radar applications. Multi-port antenna systems are widely used in modern wireless communication systems due to their advantages of high speed and large capacity. However, installing multiple antennas on a terminal device of limited size is not an easy task. This is because as the distance between the elements of the antenna decreases, the electromagnetic coupling between the elements becomes very strong, which greatly affects the performance of the antenna and the entire communication system. Therefore, the design of multi-antenna array needs to consider and reduce the mutual coupling between array elements. There are several techniques for reducing mutual coupling in compact antenna arrays. The mutual coupling between antennas can be reduced by optimizing the placement direction and feeding structure of antenna elements, loading electromagnetic bandgap structures (EBG) or defect ground structures (DGS) between antennas, designing decoupling matching networks, or inserting parasitic elements. . However, most of the existing antenna array decoupling designs are for single-frequency antenna arrays, and there are few decoupling designs suitable for dual-frequency antennas.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种基于H形微带谐振器的低耦合双频天线阵，通过在天线阵元的辐射面之间嵌入一个H形微带谐振器来降低微带天线阵的耦合系数。In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low-coupling dual-frequency antenna array based on H-shaped microstrip resonators, by embedding an H-shaped microstrip resonator between the radiating surfaces of antenna array elements to reduce the The coupling coefficient of the array.
为达到上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种基于H形微带谐振器的低耦合双频天线阵，该低耦合双频天线阵包括介质基板、微带天线单元和H形微带谐振器；所述H形微带谐振器位于微带天线单元的辐射面之间，所述H形微带谐振器用于在两个频率上分别产生谐振。A low-coupling dual-frequency antenna array based on an H-shaped microstrip resonator, the low-coupling dual-frequency antenna array includes a dielectric substrate, a microstrip antenna unit, and an H-shaped microstrip resonator; Between the radiating surfaces with the antenna unit, the H-shaped microstrip resonator is used to generate resonance at two frequencies respectively.
进一步，所述H形微带谐振器所产生的谐振频率可以通过改变其上部和下部的枝节长度来调节。Further, the resonant frequency generated by the H-shaped microstrip resonator can be adjusted by changing the lengths of the upper and lower branches.
进一步，所述微带天线单元为矩形微带天线，微带天线单元对称设置在介质基板的两侧，微带天线单元中含有馈电点。Further, the microstrip antenna unit is a rectangular microstrip antenna, and the microstrip antenna unit is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the dielectric substrate, and the microstrip antenna unit includes a feeding point.
进一步，所述微带天线单元有两个工作频率。Further, the microstrip antenna unit has two operating frequencies.
进一步，所述矩形微带天线的左右两边均设置有两个矩形凹槽。Further, two rectangular grooves are provided on the left and right sides of the rectangular microstrip antenna.
进一步，所述低耦合双频天线阵的尺寸为75mm×60mm，微带天线单元间距D为7mm。Further, the size of the low-coupling dual-frequency antenna array is 75mm×60mm, and the spacing D between microstrip antenna elements is 7mm.
进一步，所述H形微带谐振器的枝节线宽W4＝1mm，H形微带谐振器的上部枝节长L5＝7.9mm，H形微带谐振器的下部枝节长L6＝12.6mm，H形微带谐振器的宽L7＝3.5mm，H形微带谐振器到微带天线单元的距离L9＝0.8mm，H形微带谐振器到低耦合双频天线阵的宽边距离L10＝19.6mm。Further, the branch line width W 4 of the H-shaped microstrip resonator = 1 mm, the upper branch length L 5 of the H-shaped microstrip resonator = 7.9 mm, and the lower branch length L 6 of the H-shaped microstrip resonator = 12.6 mm , the width L 7 of the H-shaped microstrip resonator = 3.5mm, the distance L 9 = 0.8mm from the H-shaped microstrip resonator to the microstrip antenna unit, the broadside of the H-shaped microstrip resonator to the low-coupling dual-frequency antenna array The distance L 10 =19.6 mm.
进一步，所述矩形微带天线的宽W2＝18mm，矩形微带天线的长L2＝22mm，馈电点到微带天线单元长边的距离W3＝9mm，馈电点到微带天线单元宽边的距离L3＝14.55mm，矩形凹槽到微带天线单元宽边的距离L4＝2mm，矩形凹槽的宽H＝1mm，矩形凹槽的长L8＝7mm。Further, the width W 2 of the rectangular microstrip antenna=18mm, the length L 2 of the rectangular microstrip antenna=22mm, the distance W 3 from the feeding point to the long side of the microstrip antenna unit=9mm, and the distance from the feeding point to the microstrip antenna The distance L 3 from the broadside of the unit is 14.55mm, the distance from the rectangular groove to the broadside of the microstrip antenna unit is L 4 =2mm, the width H of the rectangular groove is 1mm, and the length L 8 of the rectangular groove is 7mm.
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明提供的一种基于H形微带谐振器的低耦合双频天线阵，在天线阵元的辐射面之间嵌入一个H形微带谐振器，H形微带谐振器可以产生两个半波长的谐振频率，所形成的间接的耦合路径，抵消了两个阵元之间的直接耦合，能够有效地降低微带天线阵的耦合系数，且不增加任何额外成本、易于加工。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention provides a low-coupling dual-frequency antenna array based on H-shaped microstrip resonators, an H-shaped microstrip resonator is embedded between the radiation surfaces of the antenna array elements, and the H-shaped The resonator can generate two half-wavelength resonant frequencies, and the indirect coupling path formed cancels the direct coupling between the two array elements, which can effectively reduce the coupling coefficient of the microstrip antenna array without any additional cost , Easy to process.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述，其中：In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1为本发明所述的基于H形微带谐振器的低耦合双频天线阵结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the low-coupling dual-frequency antenna array based on the H-shaped microstrip resonator of the present invention;
图2为微带天线阵在加载H形微带谐振器前后的S参数对比图；Figure 2 is a comparison diagram of the S parameters of the microstrip antenna array before and after loading the H-shaped microstrip resonator;
图3为微带天线阵的耦合系数S12随参数L5的变化关系；Fig. 3 is the variation relationship of the coupling coefficient S 12 of the microstrip antenna array with the parameter L 5 ;
图4为微带天线阵的耦合系数S12随参数L6的变化关系；Fig. 4 is the variation relation of the coupling coefficient S 12 of the microstrip antenna array with the parameter L 6 ;
图5为微带天线阵的辐射方向图。Figure 5 is the radiation pattern of the microstrip antenna array.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合附图，对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本发明提供的一种基于H形微带谐振器的低耦合双频天线阵，如图1所示，该低耦合双频天线阵包括介质基板、微带天线单元和H形微带谐振器；所述H形微带谐振器位于微带天线单元的辐射面之间，所述H形微带谐振器可以在两个频率上分别产生谐振。The present invention provides a low-coupling dual-frequency antenna array based on an H-shaped microstrip resonator. As shown in Figure 1, the low-coupling dual-frequency antenna array includes a dielectric substrate, a microstrip antenna unit and an H-shaped microstrip resonator; The H-shaped microstrip resonator is located between the radiating surfaces of the microstrip antenna unit, and the H-shaped microstrip resonator can respectively generate resonance at two frequencies.
所述微带天线单元对称设置在介质基板的两侧，微带天线单元中含有馈电点，微带天线单元为矩形微带天线。所述微带天线单元有两个工作频率。所述矩形微带天线的左右两边均设置有两个矩形凹槽。The microstrip antenna unit is arranged symmetrically on both sides of the dielectric substrate, the microstrip antenna unit contains a feed point, and the microstrip antenna unit is a rectangular microstrip antenna. The microstrip antenna unit has two operating frequencies. Two rectangular grooves are arranged on the left and right sides of the rectangular microstrip antenna.
介质基板为FR4基板，相对介电常数为4.4，厚度为1.6mm，损耗角正切为0.02。天线阵的整体尺寸(W×L)为75mm×60mm，微带天线单元间距D为7mm，矩形微带天线的宽W2＝18mm，矩形微带天线的长L2＝22mm，馈电点到微带天线单元长边的距离W3＝9mm，馈电点到微带天线单元宽边的距离L3＝14.55mm，矩形凹槽到微带天线单元宽边的距离L4＝2mm，矩形凹槽的宽H＝1mm，矩形凹槽的长L8＝7mm。没有添加H形微带枝节时，原始天线工作在两个频段上，谐振频率分别为2.78GHz和4.12GHz在两个工作频率上，阵元间的耦合系数S12分别为-11.3dB和-18.3dB，如图2所示。The dielectric substrate is an FR4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4, a thickness of 1.6mm, and a loss tangent of 0.02. The overall size (W×L) of the antenna array is 75mm×60mm, the distance D between the microstrip antenna elements is 7mm, the width W 2 of the rectangular microstrip antenna is 18mm, the length L 2 of the rectangular microstrip antenna is 22mm, and the feeding point is The distance from the long side of the microstrip antenna unit W 3 =9mm, the distance from the feeding point to the broad side of the microstrip antenna unit L 3 =14.55mm, the distance from the rectangular groove to the broad side of the microstrip antenna unit L 4 =2mm, the rectangular concave The width H of the groove is 1 mm, and the length L 8 of the rectangular groove is 7 mm. When no H-shaped microstrip stubs are added, the original antenna works in two frequency bands, and the resonance frequencies are 2.78GHz and 4.12GHz respectively. On the two operating frequencies, the coupling coefficient S 12 between the array elements is -11.3dB and -18.3 respectively dB, as shown in Figure 2.
为了降低耦合，在天线阵元的辐射面之间嵌入一个H形微带枝节。该微带枝节等效为两个半波长的谐振器，在天线阵的两个谐振频率上与天线阵元强烈耦合。所形成的间接的耦合路径，抵消了两个阵元之间的直接耦合。H形微带枝节的谐振频率可以通过改变其上部和下部的枝节长度来控制。以L5和L6为例，来分析枝节尺寸对天线阵性能(耦合系数S12)的影响。微带天线阵的耦合系数S12随参数L5的变化关系，如图3所示，改变上部枝节的长度L5将严重影响较高工作频段的耦合系数。微带天线阵的耦合系数S12随参数L6的变化关系，如图4所示，改变下部枝节的长度L6，将对较低工作频段上的耦合系数影响更加明显。经过详尽的优化仿真，最终获得了H形微带枝节的合理尺寸：H形微带谐振器的枝节线宽W4＝1mm，H形微带谐振器的上部枝节长L5＝7.9mm，H形微带谐振器的下部枝节长L6＝12.6mm，H形微带谐振器的宽L7＝3.5mm，H形微带谐振器到微带天线单元的距离L9＝0.8mm，H形微带谐振器到低耦合双频天线阵的宽边距离L10＝19.6mm。加载H形微带谐振器的微带天线阵的S参数如图2所示。从图上可以发现，在天线阵的两个工作频率上的耦合系数S12分别降低至-20.6dB和-35.4dB。天线在两个工作频率上的E面(yz面)和H面(xz面)方向图如图5所示。In order to reduce the coupling, an H-shaped microstrip stub is embedded between the radiating surfaces of the antenna elements. The microstrip stub is equivalent to two half-wavelength resonators, which are strongly coupled with the antenna array elements at the two resonant frequencies of the antenna array. The formed indirect coupling path cancels the direct coupling between the two array elements. The resonant frequency of the H-shaped microstrip stub can be controlled by changing the length of the upper and lower stubs. Taking L 5 and L 6 as examples, the influence of stub size on the antenna array performance (coupling coefficient S 12 ) is analyzed. The relationship between the coupling coefficient S12 of the microstrip antenna array and the parameter L5 is shown in Figure 3. Changing the length L5 of the upper branch will seriously affect the coupling coefficient of the higher operating frequency band. The relationship between the coupling coefficient S 12 of the microstrip antenna array and the parameter L 6 is shown in Figure 4. Changing the length L 6 of the lower branch will have a more obvious impact on the coupling coefficient in the lower operating frequency band. After exhaustive optimization and simulation, the reasonable size of the H-shaped microstrip stub was finally obtained: the stub line width W 4 of the H-shaped microstrip resonator = 1mm, the upper stub length of the H-shaped microstrip resonator L 5 = 7.9mm, H The length of the lower branch of the microstrip resonator L 6 =12.6mm, the width L 7 of the H-shaped microstrip resonator =3.5mm, the distance from the H-shaped microstrip resonator to the microstrip antenna unit L 9 =0.8mm, the H-shaped microstrip resonator The broadside distance from the microstrip resonator to the low-coupling dual-frequency antenna array is L 10 =19.6mm. The S parameters of the microstrip antenna array loaded with H-shaped microstrip resonators are shown in Figure 2. It can be found from the figure that the coupling coefficient S 12 on the two operating frequencies of the antenna array is reduced to -20.6dB and -35.4dB respectively. The E-plane (yz-plane) and H-plane (xz-plane) patterns of the antenna at two operating frequencies are shown in Fig. 5 .
最后说明的是，以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述，但本领域技术人员应当理解，可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变，而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that it can be described in terms of form and Various changes may be made in the details without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims.
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| CN110098485B (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2021-04-09 | 深圳锐越微技术有限公司 | Small-spacing microstrip antenna array |
| CN112563748A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-26 | 西安朗普达通信科技有限公司 | Asymmetric decoupling structure and base station antenna system |
| CN112563748B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2023-05-23 | 西安朗普达通信科技有限公司 | Asymmetric decoupling structure and base station antenna system |
| CN112838361A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-25 | 华南理工大学 | Coupling Cancellation Path Stalk and Its High Isolation Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Antenna |
| CN112838361B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-11-23 | 华南理工大学 | Coupling offset path stub and high-isolation millimeter wave phased array antenna based on same |
| CN114824792A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-07-29 | 西北工业大学 | Low-cross-polarization microstrip resonator coupling suppression structure and antenna |
| CN118783115A (en) * | 2024-09-11 | 2024-10-15 | 南京中网卫星通信股份有限公司 | An H-type decoupling structure between circularly polarized patch antennas |
| CN118783115B (en) * | 2024-09-11 | 2024-12-10 | 南京中网卫星通信股份有限公司 | An H-type decoupling structure between circularly polarized patch antennas |
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