CN104698093B - Polyol method for quick based on capillary siphoning effect Yu phenyl boric acid recognition principle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rapid detection method for polyhydroxy compounds based on the capillary siphon effect and the recognition principle of phenylboronic acid. In the rapid height-dependent measurement method, functionalized phenylboronic acid derivatives are firstly modified on the inner wall of the capillary, and the sample is automatically sucked in through the capillary siphon effect, and then the phenylboronic acid on the wall and the monolayer containing 1,2‑ or 1,3‑diol groups are used to Sugars, polysaccharides, adrenaline, ATP, dopamine and other polyhydroxy compounds form complexes and swell, which leads to changes in the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the inner wall of the capillary, which causes the liquid level in the scaled capillary to rise or fall regularly. The height of the liquid level can be used to obtain the content of polyols in the sample to be tested. It has the characteristics of less dosage, low cost, fast, intuitive and sensitive.

Description

Rapid detection of polyhydroxy compounds based on the capillary siphon effect and the recognition principle of phenylboronic acid Detection method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of chemical and biomedical detection, and relates to a rapid detection method for polyhydroxy compounds based on the capillary siphon effect and the recognition principle of phenylboronic acid.

Background technique

Polyhydroxyl compounds such as sugars (such as monosaccharides and polysaccharides) are important components commonly found in animals and plants, agricultural products and chemical products in nature, and have unique biomedical functions. For example, glucose is a kind of A monosaccharide with an aldehyde group, its concentration in human body fluids is an important indicator of human health, especially for diabetics, the monitoring of their blood sugar is very important. At the same time, polyols such as epinephrine, ATP, and dopamine containing 1,2- or 1,3-diol groups in the human body are also closely related to some major human diseases (senile dementia, Parkinson's disease, depression, etc.) important markers. In addition, polyols such as sugars are also active ingredients in green natural products, agricultural products, and important chemical products and raw materials, and their rapid analysis is of great significance for identifying the composition of these products and monitoring their production process. Therefore, the detection of polyols such as sugars will play an important role in the analysis of chemistry, biology, environment, medicine, agriculture and chemical products.

At present, the main detection methods for sugars and other polyhydroxy compounds include high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, spectrophotometry, optical rotation method, biosensor method, etc. These methods still have various limitations, for example, high performance liquid chromatography Although the method and gas chromatography have high sensitivity, there are disadvantages such as long analysis time for a single sample, easy contamination of the chromatographic column, inconvenient portability, and not suitable for rapid on-site measurement; the spectrophotometric method needs to add some analytical chromogenic reagents, and the specificity of detection is relatively low. At the same time, in view of the complexity of the structure of polyols such as sugars, the optical polarimetry method can only be used as an auxiliary detection method; due to the advantages of wide linear detection range, high sensitivity and low cost, the biosensor method has been widely used in recent years. It has been vigorously developed in recent years, but most of them use the same enzyme-catalyzed reaction mechanism, and there are many shortcomings in application. For example, most of the biosensors used for sugar analysis rely _on the action of sugar oxidase, which indirectly measures sugars by detecting the decrease in the concentration of _{O2 consumed} by the catalytic reaction or the increase in the concentration of released H2O2. The catalytic activity of the catalyst is susceptible to problems such as temperature, humidity, pH value, and toxic substances. In particular, most of the existing detection methods for sugars and other polyols involve the use of expensive and bulky optoelectronic instruments, complex operation process, time-consuming, unintuitive analysis results, and difficulty in on-site application.

A glass capillary is a thin glass tube with an inner diameter equal to or less than 1.0 mm. It is called a capillary because the diameter of the tube is as thin as a hair. Capillary has been used in various research and analysis due to its special properties and low cost. For example, capillary electrophoresis is a common liquid phase separation analysis technique with capillary as the separation channel and high voltage and high DC electric field as the driving force, including electrophoresis, chromatography and their intersectional content. In addition, capillary-based sensors have also been applied to photochemical detection and electrochemical analysis. For example, "Determination of pyruvic acid by using enzymic fluorescence capillary analysis" proposed a "fluorescence capillary analysis (FCA)" of pyruvate based on an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. This method uses a special bracket and conventional medical capillary to replace the traditional fluorescent cell, and realizes the analysis of pyruvate in trace samples, but requires external power to absorb the sample, and requires a large-scale fluorescent instrument to complete the measurement operation. Recently, "Development of a long-life capillary enzyme bioreactor for the determination of blood glucose" constructed an enzyme-catalyzed reaction analysis device with a capillary as a reactor for the detection of blood glucose. The device immobilized glucose oxidase on the surface of the capillary wall , to realize the electrochemical determination of glucose in blood. However, in these current analysis methods, the capillary is only the sample separation channel or the immobilization surface of the active substance (such as enzyme), and the suction of the sample still needs to use accessories such as flow injection or pump, which does not involve the siphon effect of the capillary. At the same time, Not only does it involve the limitations of the aforementioned active substances (such as enzymes), but it also needs to rely on external signal detection instruments (such as fluorescence meters and electrochemical meters) to complete quantitative analysis, and quantitative analysis results cannot be obtained quickly and intuitively.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a rapid detection method for sugars and other polyhydroxy compounds based on the capillary siphon effect and the recognition principle of phenylboronic acid, which is used for monosaccharides in blood, natural products, agricultural products and chemical products. Direct rapid analysis of polysaccharides and other polyols containing 1,2- or 1,3-diol groups such as epinephrine, ATP, dopamine, etc. The detection method of the present invention realizes the suction of the sample by means of the siphon effect of the capillary (without the use of accessories such as flow injection or pumps), and then directly reads the content of polyols such as sugars in the sample by visually measuring the height of the liquid level of the siphon sample in the scale capillary , has the characteristics of less dosage, low cost, fast, intuitive and sensitive, and overcomes many shortcomings in the determination of polyhydroxy compounds such as sugars in the prior art. Using phenylboronic acid and its derivatives as the recognition body of polyhydroxy compounds such as sugars also has the advantages of low price, stability and inactivation.

The present invention is based on capillary siphon effect and phenylboronic acid recognition principle of polyhydroxy compound rapid detection method, comprising the following steps:

(1) Capillary Surface Modification Functionalized Phenylboronic Acid Derivatives

Wash the inner and outer walls of the capillary with 2.0 mol/L NaOH-ethanol solution, then wash with ultrapure water, dry at 40 °C, and then use 4.0-8.0wt% hexadecyltrimethylsilane-ethanol solution and Soak in 4.0-8.0wt% 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-ethanol solution for 12 hours, take it out, wash it with absolute ethanol, dry it, then soak the capillary in 2.0-4.0wt% glutaraldehyde-water solution for 30 minutes, and then Wash with PBS buffer solution of pH 6-12, dry, absorb 2.0-6.0 mg/mL functionalized phenylboronic acid derivative-PBS buffer solution into the dried capillary, let it stand for 12 h, and again use pH 6-12 The PBS buffer solution washes, and dries, obtains the capillary that internally modifies the functionalized phenylboronic acid derivative;

(2) Detection of polyol content with a capillary modified internally with functionalized phenylboronic acid derivatives

ⅰ) Establish standard curve

Prepare a standard solution with a concentration gradient containing the polyhydroxy compound to be tested, insert the capillary modified with functionalized phenylboronic acid derivatives into the prepared standard solution, and record the height difference of the liquid level change in the capillary when the liquid level in the capillary no longer changes Value, the standard curve of polyol concentration-liquid level difference;

ii) Determination of polyol content in the sample to be tested

Prepare the sample solution to be tested, insert the capillary tube modified with functionalized phenylboronic acid derivatives into the sample solution to be tested, and measure the height difference of the liquid level change in the capillary tube when the liquid level in the capillary tube does not change. - A standard curve of the difference in liquid level determines the polyol content.

In step 1), the capillary is preferably a graduated capillary.

In step 1), the preferred concentration of the functionalized phenylboronic acid derivative-PBS buffer solution is 4 mg/mL, and the functionalized phenylboronic acid derivative is preferably aminophenylboronic acid, such as 3-aminophenylboronic acid.

In step 2), when preparing the standard solution and the sample solution to be tested, the preferred concentration range is 0-50mM.

In the method of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the solvent in step 1) is ethanol; the solvent in step 2) is PBS buffer with a pH of 6-12.

In the rapid detection method of the present invention, the polyhydroxy compounds are mainly sugars and other polyhydroxy compounds, including monosaccharides, polysaccharides and other 1,2- or 1,3-disaccharides in blood, natural products, agricultural products and chemical products. Alcohol groups of epinephrine, ATP, dopamine, etc.

The rapid detection method of the present invention is applicable to the rapid detection of polyhydroxy compounds in colorless and colored samples, wherein the colorless samples are colorless Chinese herbal medicines, colorless natural products or colorless tobacco samples, etc. Animal samples (such as blood and urine), colored Chinese herbal medicines (such as Panax notoginseng) or colored natural products (such as purple sweet potato); especially suitable for 1,2-diol-based or 1, 3-diol-based monosaccharides and Rapid determination of sugars such as disaccharides, polyols such as ATP, dopamine and adrenaline, such as glucose, etc.

The present invention is based on the principle of capillary siphon effect and phenylboronic acid recognition principle of the rapid detection method of polyhydroxyl compounds: the present invention is based on the specific recognition principle of functionalized phenylboronic acid derivatives to sugars and other polyhydroxyl compounds and the establishment of capillary siphon effect A direct and rapid quantitative detection method, that is, the visual height rapid measurement method. Firstly, the functionalized phenylboronic acid derivative is modified on the inner wall of the capillary, and the sample is automatically sucked in through the capillary siphon effect, and then the phenylboronic acid on the wall and the 1,2- Or 1, 3-diol group monosaccharides, polysaccharides, epinephrine, ATP, dopamine and other polyhydroxy compounds form complexes and then swell, which leads to changes in the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the inner wall of the capillary, which causes the liquid level in the scale capillary It rises or falls regularly, so that by visually measuring the liquid level of the sample in the scale capillary, the rapid measurement and analysis of the content of polyhydroxy compounds such as sugars in the sample to be tested is realized. For example, taking the quick test of glucose as an example, the reaction formula of its combination with phenylboronic acid is as follows:

It can be seen from the above reaction formula that the functionalized phenylboronic acid derivative is a hydrophobic monomer, and its phenylboronic acid exists in two forms in the aqueous solution: a negatively charged dissociated state and an uncharged non-dissociated state, and there is a solution between the two states. off balance. Of these, only the charged form can form reversible five- or six-membered cyclic esters with polyols bearing 1,2- or 1,3-diol groups. When glucose forms a stable complex with dissociated phenylboronic acid, it will cause a shift in the dissociation balance, resulting in an increase in dissociated phenylboronic acid, which will further react with glucose. According to the above theory, in a non-glucose environment, the hydrophobic interaction of phenylboronic acid groups is dominant, and as the concentration of glucose in the environment increases, the dissociated phenylboronic acid groups react with glucose to increase hydrophilicity, thus causing The liquid level in the tube rises, and the direct determination of the glucose content is realized by visually measuring the liquid level height of the sample in the scaled capillary tube.

The present invention is based on the capillary siphon effect and the recognition principle of phenylboronic acid for the rapid detection of polyhydroxy compounds. Compared with the prior art, its beneficial effects are as follows:

(1) The rapid detection method of the present invention modifies the phenylboronic acid derivatives that have the function of specifically recognizing polyols such as sugars on the inner wall of the graduated capillary, and then uses polyols such as sugars in the sample to combine with phenylboronic acid on the tube wall to cause The change of its hydrophilic degree leads to the quantitative analysis of the change of the liquid height of the siphon in the scale capillary, which does not involve the use of complex photoelectric transducers; at the same time, the siphon effect of the capillary is used to realize the suction of the sample, without the use of flow injection or pump and other accessories;

(2) The graduated capillary used in the present invention is cheap, portable, and has the characteristics of an integrated design. It is not only a container for the measured liquid and a reaction container, but also an immobilized carrier for functional recognition molecules; its quantification method is intuitive, fast, and highly visible. That is, the sugar concentration in the measured liquid can be directly quantified by the height change of the siphon liquid level in the scale capillary, and the detection result is consistent with the quantitative result of the classical colorimetric method;

(3) The present invention has the advantages of simple operation, short detection time, high sensitivity (0.0016-40 mmol/L carbohydrates), and less sample consumption (20 μL), which truly realizes micro-analysis of micro-sample, and is suitable for various samples Rapid, sensitive, trace and on-site rapid measurement of the content of polyols such as sugars in the system.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the rapid detection method of polyhydroxy compounds based on capillary siphon effect and phenylboronic acid recognition principle of the present invention, (wherein 1 is hexadecyltrimethylsilane, 2 is (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane , 3 is glutaraldehyde, 4 is aminophenylboronic acid);

Fig. 2 is that different polyol sample solutions are sucked into the height change in the capillary;

Fig. 3 is the absorbance of the methylene blue that different polyol sample solutions suck in the capillary;

Fig. 4 is the liquid level height in the capillary corresponding to different concentrations of glucose standard solutions;

Fig. 5 is the standard curve of glucose concentration-liquid level height and glucose concentration-absorbance standard curve;

Fig. 6 is the standard curve of embodiment 1 blood glucose concentration-liquid level difference;

Fig. 7 is the standard curve of sugar concentration-liquid level difference in embodiment 2 stevioside;

Fig. 8 is the standard curve of embodiment 3 ethylene glycol concentration-liquid level difference;

Fig. 9 is the sugar concentration-liquid level difference standard curve of the honeysuckle sample in Example 4.

Specific implementation method

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Without departing from the above-mentioned technical idea of the present invention, various replacements or changes made according to common technical knowledge and conventional means in the field are included in the scope of the present invention.

1. Feasibility verification of the rapid detection method for polyhydroxy compounds based on the capillary siphon effect and the recognition principle of phenylboronic acid in the present invention:

The hydrophobic angle of the glass slide is shown in Table 1. In Table 1, A is an untreated glass slide, and B is 6.0wt% hexadecyltrimethylsilane-ethanol solution and 6.0wt% 3-aminopropyl The glass slide treated with triethoxysilane-ethanol solution, C is the glass slide treated with 2.5wt% glutaraldehyde-water solution and 4 mg/mL 3-aminophenylboronic acid-PBS buffer solution, D-I are respectively C Changes in the hydrophobic angle of the slides after being treated with glucose solutions at concentrations of 0.0016 mM, 0.016 mM, 0.08 mM, 0.4 mM, 2 mM and 5 mM.

Table 1 Hydrophobic angle of glass slide

Untreated slides tend to be hydrophilic, B slides, which are more hydrophobic compared to untreated A slides, and C slides, which are most hydrophobic due to the modification with phenylboronic acid. Simultaneously, it can be seen from D-I that the greater the glucose concentration, the more phenylboronic acid reactions, the stronger the hydrophilicity, and the smaller the hydrophobic angle, thus proving the feasibility of the method of the present invention.

2. The present invention is based on the capillary siphon effect and the recognition principle of phenylboronic acid for the selectivity test of the rapid detection method for polyhydroxy compounds:

Insert the capillary with internally modified aminophenylboronic acid into different polyol sample solutions. The sample solution is pre-added with colored solutions such as methylene blue. The polyol sample solution is 1.0 mM L-phenylalanine, lysine, tyrosine Amino acid, ascorbic acid, chitosan, dopamine, sucrose, fructose and glucose, etc., until the liquid level in the capillary no longer changes, record the height difference of the liquid level change sucked in the capillary, the results are shown in Figure 2, it can be known , different detection samples have different height differences of liquid level rise. This method not only responds to glucose, but also has different responses to sugars such as fructose and sucrose and polyols such as dopamine; at the same time, the classical colorimetric method is used The color solution was blown out from the scaled capillary, diluted to 20 μL, and its absorbance was measured by colorimetry (methylene blue at 662 nm). The method is consistent with the results of the classic colorimetric method; therefore, this method can not only be used to measure the content of blood sugar and urine sugar in the human body, but also can be applied to other natural products (such as purple sweet potato), Chinese herbal medicine (such as Panax notoginseng), Rapid determination of polyols such as sugars in tobacco (nicotine) and chemical system products (such as diol).

3. The rapid detection method of polyhydroxy compounds based on the capillary siphon effect and the recognition principle of phenylboronic acid of the present invention is compared with the results of the classical colorimetric method: taking the detection of glucose in a sample as an example.

By adopting the method of the present invention, the rapid detection of glucose polyhydroxy compounds in the sample is realized by visual height rapid measurement, glucose standard solutions of different concentrations are prepared, and then the scaled capillary tubes modified with aminophenylboronic acid are inserted into the glucose standard solutions of different concentrations respectively. The glucose in the solution is combined with the reaction, and then the liquid level of the siphon in the scaled capillary does not change any more, and the height difference of the change of the liquid level of the siphon in the scaled capillary is visually observed and recorded (as shown in Figure 4), and the glucose concentration-solution The standard curve (equation y = 3.1107+1.0954x) of surface height difference (as shown in Figure 5); then prepare the sample solution to be tested, insert the graduated capillary with aminophenylboronic acid modified inside into the sample solution to be tested, and read Take the liquid level difference of the sample siphoned in the graduated capillary, substitute it into the standard curve of glucose concentration-liquid level difference, and calculate the glucose concentration in the sample to be tested.

Use the colorimetric method for control measurement (verification). Insert the scaled capillary tubes modified with aminophenylboronic acid into glucose standard solutions of different concentrations. When the liquid level in the scaled capillary tube does not change any more, blow out the colored solution from the scaled capillary tube. Dilute the PBS buffer to 20 μL, measure its absorbance at 662nm (methylene blue), and establish a standard curve of glucose concentration-absorbance by colorimetry; then insert the graduated capillary with internally modified aminophenylboronic acid into the sample solution to be tested, and use it with the standard solution Measure its absorbance in the same way, and calculate the glucose concentration in the sample to be tested according to the standard curve equation of glucose concentration-absorbance y =0.4261+0.1530x (as shown in Figure 5).

The comparison of the results shows that the rapid detection method of the present invention is consistent with the results determined by the classical colorimetric method.

Embodiment 1: the rapid measurement of glucose content in blood

1) Capillary Surface Modification Functionalized Phenylboronic Acid Derivatives

Wash the inner and outer walls of the capillary with 2.0 mol/L NaOH-ethanol solution, then wash with ultrapure water, dry at 40 °C, and then use 6wt% hexadecyltrimethylsilane-ethanol solution and 6wt% Soak in 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-ethanol solution for 12 hours, take it out, wash it with absolute ethanol, dry it, then soak the capillary with 3wt% glutaraldehyde-water solution for 30 minutes, and then wash it with PBS buffer solution of pH 7. After drying, suck 4 mg/mL 3-aminophenylboronic acid-PBS buffer solution into the dried capillary, let it stand for 12 h, wash it again with PBS buffer solution of pH 7, and dry it to obtain the internally modified functionalized capillaries of phenylboronic acid derivatives;

2) Quick test of blood sugar:

Insert the graduated capillary with internally modified aminophenylboronic acid into blood containing glucose at concentrations of 2.5 mM, 2.8 mM, 3.5 mM, 4.7 mM, 5.5 mM, 6.3 mM, 7.4 mM, 7.9 mM, 8.3 mM and 9 mM , when the liquid level in the scaled capillary does not change anymore, record the height difference of the liquid level change of the siphon in the scaled capillary, and obtain the standard curve of blood sugar concentration-liquid level difference and its quantitative equation y = 3.2609 + 0.1121 x (as shown in the figure 6);

Then insert the scaled capillary with 3-aminophenylboronic acid modified inside into the blood of the glucose concentration to be measured, until the liquid level in the scaled capillary no longer changes, record the height difference of the liquid level change of the siphon in the scaled capillary, and calculate the height difference Putting it into the equation y = 3.2609 + 0.1121 x, the blood glucose concentration in each blood sample to be tested is calculated. For example, when the capillary siphon height difference is 3.9 cm, the obtained glucose concentration is 5.7 mM.

Embodiment 2: Rapid detection of sugars in agricultural product samples

Taking the determination of sugars in stevia samples as an example, the ultrasonic-assisted water extraction method was used to dry the stevia samples of agricultural products in an oven at 50 °C for 10 h, grind them in a mortar, weigh 0.50 g accurately, and place them in a beaker , add 20 mL of ultrapure water, ultrasonically extract for 30 min, place it at room temperature, dilute to 25 mL, filter through a 0.45 μL microporous membrane to obtain a sample preparation solution, and prepare sample preparation solutions with different carbohydrate contents with PBS buffer Dilute to 1.0 mL to prepare a stevia sample solution with a concentration gradient of known sugar content.

1) Capillary Surface Modification Functionalized Phenylboronic Acid Derivatives

Step is with embodiment 1;

2) Rapid determination of sugars in stevia samples

Insert the scaled capillary with aminophenylboronic acid modified inside into the stevia sample solution with known sugar content and concentration gradient, and when the liquid level in the scaled capillary no longer changes, record the change of the sample liquid level of the siphon in the scaled capillary The height difference of the stevioside sample is established to establish the sugar concentration-liquid level difference standard curve and quantitative equation y =3.2092 + 0.1286 x (as shown in Figure 7);

Then insert the graduated capillary tube modified with aminophenylboronic acid into the stevia sample solution to be measured, and wait until the scale capillary

The liquid level in the thin tube no longer changes, and the height difference of the liquid level change of the siphon in the scale capillary is recorded, and the height difference is brought into the quantitative equation y = 3.2092 + 0.1286 x of the standard curve, and each stevia to be tested is calculated. sugar content in the sample.

Embodiment 3: the rapid measurement of ethylene glycol content in chemical product

1) Capillary Surface Modification Functionalized Phenylboronic Acid Derivatives

Step is with embodiment 1;

2) Rapid measurement of ethylene glycol content

Insert the scaled capillary with aminophenylboronic acid modified inside into the ethylene glycol standard solution of known concentration gradient, and when the liquid level of the siphon in the scaled capillary no longer changes, record the height difference of the change in the level of the standard solution of the siphon in the scaled capillary , establish a standard curve of ethylene glycol concentration-liquid level difference and a quantitative equation y = 3.7363 + 0.0424 x (as shown in Figure 8);

Insert the scaled capillary with aminophenylboronic acid modified inside into the ethylene glycol sample solution to be tested, and when the liquid level in the scaled capillary no longer changes, record the height difference of the liquid level change of the siphon in the scaled capillary, and bring the height difference value with Into the quantitative equation y = 3.7363 + 0.0424 x of the standard curve, the concentration of each ethylene glycol sample to be tested is calculated.

Embodiment 4: the rapid measurement of sugar content in Chinese herbal medicine

Taking the determination of polyhydroxy compounds such as sugars in honeysuckle as an example: adopt the same ultrasonic-assisted water extraction method in Example 2 to prepare a honeysuckle sample solution with a concentration gradient of known sugar content;

1) Capillary Surface Modification Functionalized Phenylboronic Acid Derivatives

Step is with embodiment 1;

2) Quick measurement of sugar content

Insert the scaled capillary tubes modified with aminophenylboronic acid into each honeysuckle sample solution with known sugar content and concentration gradient. When the liquid level in the scaled capillary tube no longer changes, record the height of the sample liquid level change of the siphon in the scaled capillary tube. difference, establish the sugar concentration-liquid level difference standard curve and quantitative equation y=3.3673+0.0953 x of the honeysuckle sample (as shown in the figure

9);

Insert the scaled capillary with aminophenylboronic acid modified inside into the honeysuckle sample solution to be tested, and when the liquid level in the scaled capillary no longer changes, record the height difference of the liquid level change of the siphon in the scaled capillary, and substitute the height difference into the standard curve. In the quantitative equation y = 3.3673 + 0.0953 x, the sugar content in each honeysuckle sample to be tested was calculated.

According to the extraction method and detection method of the honeysuckle sample in Example 4, the sugar content in samples of Chinese herbal medicines such as Pachyphyllum folium, Folium Folium, Dandelion, Coptidis Rhizome and Qinpi were respectively measured, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Determination results of sugar content in different Chinese herbal medicine samples

Claims (5)

1. a kind of polyol rapid detection method based on capillary siphon effect and phenylboronic acid recognition principle, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 1) Capillary Surface Modification Functionalized Phenylboronic Acid Derivatives Wash the inner and outer walls of the capillary with 2.0 mol/L NaOH-ethanol solution, then wash with ultrapure water, dry at 40 °C, and then use 4.0-8.0wt% hexadecyltrimethylsilane-ethanol solution and Soak in 4.0-8.0wt% 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-ethanol solution for 12 hours, take it out, wash it with absolute ethanol, dry it, then soak the capillary in 2.0-4.0wt% glutaraldehyde-water solution for 30 minutes, and then Wash with PBS buffer solution of pH 6-12, dry, absorb 2.0-6.0 mg/mL functionalized phenylboronic acid derivative-PBS buffer solution into the dried capillary, let it stand for 12 h, and again use pH 6-12 Washing with PBS buffer solution and drying to obtain a capillary with internally modified functionalized phenylboronic acid derivatives; the capillary is a graduated capillary; 2) Detection of polyol content with a capillary modified internally with functionalized phenylboronic acid derivatives ⅰ) Establish standard curve Prepare a standard solution with a concentration gradient containing the polyhydroxy compound to be tested, insert the capillary modified with functionalized phenylboronic acid derivatives into the prepared standard solution, and record the height difference of the liquid level change in the capillary when the liquid level in the capillary no longer changes Value, the standard curve of polyol concentration-liquid level difference; ii) Determination of polyol content in the sample to be tested Prepare the sample solution to be tested, insert the capillary tube modified with functionalized phenylboronic acid derivatives into the sample solution to be tested, and measure the height difference of the liquid level change in the capillary tube when the liquid level in the capillary tube does not change. - Determination of polyol content by standard curve of liquid level difference; The functionalized phenylboronic acid derivative is 3-aminophenylboronic acid; the polyhydroxy compound is monosaccharide and disaccharide containing 1,2-diol or 1,3-diol, ATP, dopamine or Adrenaline. 2. The method for rapid detection of polyhydroxy compounds according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step 1), the concentration of the functionalized phenylboronic acid derivative-PBS buffer solution is 4 mg/mL. 3. The method for rapid detection of polyhydroxy compounds according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step 2), when preparing the standard solution and the sample solution to be tested, the concentration range is 0-50 mM. 4. The rapid detection method for polyhydroxy compounds according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is suitable for the rapid detection of polyhydroxy compounds in colorless and colored samples. 5. The rapid detection method for polyhydroxy compounds according to claim 4, wherein the colorless sample is a colorless Chinese herbal medicine or a colorless tobacco sample, and the colored sample is a colored animal sample or a colored Chinese herbal medicine.