CN104682171A - Novel space spectrum coding-based laser capable of automatically aiming - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a new type of automatic aiming laser based on spatial spectral coding. The laser includes: a gain medium (1), a dispersion element (2), a laser transmitter (3), an attack target (4), and a scattered light receiver (5), pump (6), the output end of gain medium (1) is connected with the input port of dispersive element (2), and the output end of dispersive element (2) is connected with laser transmitter (3), when attack target ( 4) Scattered light is emitted when entering the sensitive area, the scattered light receiver (5) is connected to the first input end of the gain medium (1), and the pump (6) is connected to the second input end of the gain medium (1). The laser provided by the invention is a brand-new laser, which has the beneficial effects of simple structure, no mechanically adjusted parts, target detection and automatic aiming.

Description

A Novel Automatic Aiming Laser Based on Spatial Spectral Coding

technical field

The invention relates to a novel automatic aiming laser based on spatial spectrum coding, which belongs to the technical field of lasers.

Background technique

Laser is another major invention of mankind since the 20th century, following atomic energy, computers, and semiconductors. It is called "the fastest knife", "the most accurate ruler", "the brightest light" and "the strange laser" . Laser enables people to effectively use unprecedented advanced methods and means, thereby promoting the development of productivity and playing a major role in the military. Laser weapon is a kind of directed energy weapon, which uses a powerful directional laser beam to directly damage or disable the target. It is a high-tech new concept weapon that uses the huge energy carried by high-brightness and strong laser beams to destroy or kill enemy aircraft, missiles, satellites and personnel. Strong laser weapons have unparalleled advantages compared to other weapons. Strong laser weapons have the advantages of fast speed, high precision, long interception distance, rapid firepower transfer, no interference from external electromagnetic waves, and strong continuous combat effectiveness. Many western countries, such as the United States, Russia, Britain, Germany, France, and Israel, are actively developing powerful laser weapons. After more than 30 years of research, laser weapons have matured and will play an increasingly important role on the battlefield in the future.

However, the aiming of laser weapons is an important factor affecting and restricting the performance of laser weapons. Due to the atmospheric transmission effects of strong lasers such as atmospheric refraction, turbulence and thermal halo, the laser path bending, power attenuation, light intensity fluctuations, beam expansion and distortion, etc., so it is difficult to quickly track and aim the target.

Atmospheric refraction increases the path length of the laser beam when propagating through the atmosphere, and the laser beam deviates from the predetermined target position. For the laser weapon system, it is necessary to consider not only the refraction of the detection beam, but also the correction of the refraction effect of the attacking strong laser beam and the refraction compensation of the change of atmospheric density after the action of the strong laser. When a strong laser is transmitted in the atmosphere, the atmosphere absorbs part of the laser energy, resulting in an increase in the local gas temperature and a decrease in density. The Gaussian distribution of the laser beam energy center is high and the edge is low, making the gas density low at the center of the beam and high at the edge, resulting in The defocusing effect similar to the negative lens makes the laser beam bend, expand and distort, which is called thermal halo effect. Due to the influence of atmospheric turbulence, the spot on the target will be enlarged. When the laser power is large enough, nonlinear thermal halo phenomenon will also be produced. These effects will reduce the laser power density on the target and affect the damage effect of the laser on the target.

In addition, the current laser weapon aiming system mainly uses electronic technology to control mechanical components for aiming. On the one hand, the adjustment speed of the mechanical components is relatively slow, and on the other hand, due to the atmospheric transmission effect of the strong laser, the laser cannot be effectively aimed.

Contents of the invention

Embodiments of the present invention aim to overcome the above defects, provide a positive feedback effect that can utilize the reflected light of the target, can overcome the atmospheric transmission effect of strong laser, automatically and quickly track and aim at the attack target and may be used in laser weapons and space A new type of automatic aiming laser based on spatial spectral coding has important applications in defense weapons and other fields.

In order to solve the above problems, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a novel laser for automatic aiming based on spatial spectral coding is provided, wherein the laser includes: a gain medium, a dispersive element, a laser transmitter, an attack target, a scattered light Receiver, pump, the output end of the gain medium is connected to the input port of the dispersive element, the output end of the dispersive element is connected to the laser transmitter, and scattered light will be emitted when the attacking target enters the sensitive area, The scattered light receiver is connected to a first input of the gain medium and the pump is connected to a second input of the gain medium.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a novel self-aiming laser based on spatial spectral coding, wherein, when the attack target does not exist in the sensitive area, no light enters the first input end of the gain medium , the gain medium can emit spontaneously radiated broadband light under the action of the pump, and the space that the broadband light can cover after passing through the dispersion element and the laser transmitter is a sensitive area; when there is the When attacking a target, scattered light with a specific wavelength enters the gain medium, and the dispersion element, the laser transmitter, the attack target and the scattered light receiver together form a laser resonant cavity, which is connected with the gain medium Together with the pump, a single-wavelength laser is formed, and the laser wavelength corresponds to the spatial position of the attack target.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, a new type of automatic aiming laser based on spatial spectral coding is provided, wherein the dispersion element is a device capable of generating scattered light, capable of emitting broadband light into space, and outputting light at different angles The light with different wavelengths or frequencies plays a role in detecting the attacking target. When a single-wavelength laser is incident on the dispersion element, the laser is output at a corresponding angle without divergence, and the optical power will be concentrated to all The above-mentioned attack target plays the role of weapon attack.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a novel automatic aiming laser based on spatial spectral coding, wherein the device capable of generating scattered light is a grating or a prism or a virtual image phase array or an acousto-optic modulator or an interferometer or A crystal capable of producing dispersion.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, a new type of automatic aiming laser based on spatial spectral coding is provided, wherein the laser emitter is a lens or a group of lenses or a group of lenses and reflectors, which enable broadband light or The laser can be effectively emitted to the device in a certain space, which plays the role of collimation and beam expansion.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, a new type of automatic aiming laser based on spatial spectral coding is provided, wherein the attack target is a component part of the laser, and when the attack target does not enter the sensitive area, the laser cannot be formed and emits The broadband light scatters into a vast space to play the role of detection and early warning; when the attack target enters the sensitive area, a laser is generated, and all the energy is concentrated on the attack target to destroy the target.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a novel laser for automatic aiming based on spatial spectral coding, wherein the scattered light receiver is the first input for receiving scattered light and leading it into the gain medium At the end, the scattered light receiver is a lens, or a group of lenses or a group of lenses and reflectors, or a device composed of optical fiber or other optical waveguide devices, which can complete the function of collecting scattered light, and can collect the collected Scattered light is input into the gain medium.

The main structure of the laser is: the gain medium outputs broadband spontaneous radiation light in the absence of feedback light input, and the output end is connected to the dispersion element and the laser transmitter to emit into the space. Due to passing through the dispersion element, different The output angles of light with different wavelengths are different, and different positions in the corresponding space are illuminated by light with different wavelengths. That is, using spatial spectral coding, when the attacked target enters the area illuminated by the space, it will cause light scattering, and the scattered light The wavelength includes the spatial position of the target. The scattered light caused by the target is collected and input into the gain medium. Under the action of mode competition, the laser will output a single-wavelength laser with the same wavelength. At this time, the laser passes through the dispersion After the component and the laser transmitter are installed, it will automatically aim at the attacked target to realize the automatic aiming of the laser.

The laser proposed by the invention is a brand-new laser with the functions of target detection and automatic aiming. The three elements of the traditional laser are the pump, the gain medium and the optical resonant cavity, but the common optical resonant cavity is inside the laser, and the laser proposed by the present invention, the optical resonant cavity contains the attacked object outside the laser and away from the laser The target is composed of the dispersion element and the laser transmitter, the attacked target and the scattered light receiver. Its working principle is: when no attacking target enters the area of spatial spectral encoding, an optical resonant cavity cannot be formed, and the output is broadband spontaneous radiation, which is used to illuminate the target area and perform spatial wavelength encoding; when the attacking target enters the spatial spectral encoding In the region, an optical resonant cavity is formed to output a single-wavelength laser. Since this wavelength corresponds to the spatial position of the target, automatic aiming can be realized. Here, the mode competition inside the laser plays the role of logical judgment. Since the aiming of the laser is realized under the action of all optics, the aiming process is not only automatic, but also very fast. Since the speed of light is 3×10 ⁸ In the range of several kilometers, the laser automatic aiming process will be completed in a few microseconds, which is much faster than the traditional aiming method. Moreover, since the system is a positive feedback system, problems such as atmospheric refraction and turbulence are automatically included in the process of aiming, so the adaptability of the laser to various weathers will also be greatly improved.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a novel laser aimed at automatically based on spatial spectral coding in the absence of an attack target of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a new type of automatic aiming laser based on spatial spectral coding of the present invention in an attacking state when there is an attacking target.

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Also, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the present invention.

The present invention provides a novel automatic aiming laser based on spatial spectral coding, and Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a novel automatic aiming laser based on spatial spectral coding of the present invention in a monitoring state when there is no attack target 4 ; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a new type of automatic aiming laser based on spatial spectral coding of the present invention in an attack state when there is an attack target 4 . As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the laser includes: gain medium 1, dispersive element 2, laser transmitter 3, attack target 4, scattered light receiver 5, pump 6, the output end of gain medium 1 and dispersive element 2 The input port of the dispersive element 2 is connected to the laser transmitter 3, when the attack target 4 enters the sensitive area, it will emit scattered light, the scattered light receiver 5 is connected to the first input of the gain medium 1, and the pump 6 connected to the second input of the gain medium 1.

As shown in Figure 1, when there is no attack target 4 in the sensitive area, no light enters the input end of the gain medium 1, and the gain medium 1 can emit broadband light of spontaneous emission under the action of the pump 6, and the broadband light passes through the dispersion The space that can be covered by the component 2 and the laser transmitter 3 is a sensitive area. This process is spatial spectral coding, and each position in the space corresponds to a wavelength; as shown in Figure 2, when there is an attack target 4 in the sensitive area , the spatial position corresponding to the attack target 4 corresponds to a wavelength, and this wavelength is defined as a specific wavelength, the scattered light with a specific wavelength enters the gain medium 1, the dispersion element 2, the laser transmitter 3, the attack target 4 and the scattered light receiver The device 5 together forms a laser resonant cavity, and together with the gain medium 1 and the pump 6 forms a single-wavelength laser, and the laser wavelength corresponds to the spatial position of the attacking target 4 .

Dispersion element 2 can be made up of devices that can produce scattering, such as gratings or prisms or virtual phase arrays or acousto-optic modulators or interferometers or crystals that can produce dispersion, etc., which can emit broadband light into space, so that different angles output Light has different wavelengths or frequencies, and can play a role in detecting attack targets 4 . However, when a single-wavelength laser is incident on the dispersive element 2, the laser is output at a corresponding angle without divergence, and the optical power will be concentrated on the attack target 4, playing the role of a weapon attack.

The laser transmitter 3 is generally composed of a lens, which can be a lens, or a set of lenses or a set of lenses and reflectors. It is a device that enables broadband light or laser to be effectively emitted into a certain space. to collimation and beam expansion.

The attack target 4 is a component of the laser. When the attack target 4 does not enter the sensitive area, the laser cannot be formed, and the emitted broadband light scatters into a vast space to play the role of detection and early warning; when the attack target 4 enters the sensitive area, a Laser, all the energy is concentrated on the attack target 4, destroying the target.

The scattered light receiver 5 is used to receive the scattered light and guide it to the input end of the gain medium 1, which can be composed of a lens, a lens, a group of lenses or a group of lenses and reflectors, etc. It can be formed by using optical fiber or other optical waveguide devices, that is, it can complete the function of collecting scattered light, and can input the collected scattered light into the gain medium.

The working process of a new type of automatic aiming laser based on spatial spectral coding is as follows:

1. When there is no attack target 4 in the sensitive area, no light enters the input end of the gain medium 1, and the gain medium 1 can emit broadband light. The space that the broadband light can cover after passing through the dispersive element 2 and the laser emitter 3 is a sensitive area; however, since there is no attack target 4, no scattered light is generated, therefore, laser light cannot be formed. The broadband light coverage area is the sensitive area, and the laser plays the role of target detection.

2. When there is an attack target 4 in the sensitive area, the attack target 4 can scatter back the light in the area. Due to the use of the dispersion element 2, the spectrum spreads in space, and different spatial positions are illuminated by light of different wavelengths. Therefore, The wavelength of the scattered light contains the location information of the attacking target 4 .

3, collect scattered light with scattered light receiver 5, because scattered light can be distributed in the space, therefore, should increase the aperture of scattered light receiver 5 as far as possible, make more scattered light be collected; Weak, therefore, it may be necessary to optically amplify the collected scattered light before it is input to the laser, and finally, the amplified scattered light is efficiently injected into the gain medium 1.

4. Scattered light with a specific wavelength enters the gain medium 1, the dispersion element 2, the laser transmitter 3, the attack target 4 and the scattered light receiver 5 together form a laser resonant cavity, and together with the gain medium 1 and the pump 6 form a single wavelength The laser; because the wavelength of the laser generated by the laser has a corresponding relationship with the spatial position of the attack target 4, the laser energy will be concentrated on the attack target 4 to achieve the effect of attacking the target.

It should be understood that the above specific embodiments of the present invention are only used to illustrate or explain the principles of the present invention, and not to limit the present invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Furthermore, it is intended that the appended claims of the present invention embrace all changes and modifications that come within the scope and metesques of the appended claims, or equivalents of such scope and metes and bounds.

Claims (7)

1. the laser of a novel automatic aiming based on spatial spectral coding, it is characterized in that, described laser comprises: gain media (1), dispersion element (2), laser emitter (3), target of attack (4), scattered light receiver (5), pumping (6), the output of described gain media (1) is connected with the input port of described dispersion element (2), the output of described dispersion element (2) is connected to described laser emitter (3), scattered light can be sent when target of attack (4) enters sensitizing range, described scattered light receiver (5) is connected to the first input end of described gain media (1), described pumping (6) is connected to the second input of described gain media (1).

2. the laser of a kind of novel automatic aiming based on spatial spectral coding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when there are not described target of attack (4) in sensitizing range, light does not enter into the first input end of described gain media (1), described gain media (1) can send the broadband light of spontaneous radiation under the effect of described pumping (6), and the space that broadband light can cover after described dispersion element (2) and described laser emitter (3) is sensitizing range; When there are described target of attack (4) in sensitizing range, the scattered light with specific wavelength enters into described gain media (1), described dispersion element (2), described laser emitter (3), described target of attack (4) and described scattered light receiver (5) form laserresonator jointly, jointly form the laser of Single wavelength with described gain media (1) and described pumping (6), and optical maser wavelength correspond to the locus of described target of attack (4).

3. the laser of a kind of novel automatic aiming based on spatial spectral coding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described dispersion element (2) is the device that can produce scattered light, can broadband light be transmitted in space, the light that different angles are exported has different wave length or frequency, play the effect of the described target of attack of detection (4), when the laser of Single wavelength incides in described dispersion element (2), laser exports with a corresponding angle and can not disperse, luminous power can focus on described target of attack (4), play the effect of weapon attacking.

4. the laser of a kind of novel automatic aiming based on spatial spectral coding according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the described device that can produce scattered light is the crystal that grating or prism or virtual image phased array or acousto-optic modulator or interferometer maybe can produce dispersion.

5. the laser of a kind of novel automatic aiming based on spatial spectral coding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described laser emitter (3) is lens or one group of lens or one group of lens and speculum, enable broadband light or laser effectively be transmitted into device in certain space, the effect played collimation and expand.

6. the laser of a kind of novel automatic aiming based on spatial spectral coding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described target of attack (4) is laser constitution part, when described target of attack (4) does not enter sensitizing range, laser can not be formed, and the broadband light sent scatters to the effect playing detection, early warning in vast space; When described target of attack (4) enters sensitizing range, produce laser, all concentration of energy in described target of attack (4), prang.

7. the laser of a kind of novel automatic aiming based on spatial spectral coding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described scattered light receiver (5) is used to receiving scattered light and is imported to the first input end of described gain media (1), described scattered light receiver (5) is lens, or one group of lens or one group of lens and speculum or the device for using optical fiber or other fiber waveguide device to form, the function of collecting scattered light can be completed, and the scattered light collected can be input in described gain media (1).