CN104676911B - The chemically combined solar energy composite of photovoltaic, photo-thermal utilizes Apparatus and system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a solar energy comprehensive utilization device and system combining photovoltaic and photothermal chemistry. Following the principle of cascade utilization of energy, solar energy is first utilized by the photovoltaic system, and the waste heat of the photovoltaic system is absorbed by chemical reactions and transformed into higher-grade (fuel) chemical energy; compared with the direct use of waste heat of solar photovoltaic cells in physical form, this The thermophysics-thermochemistry coupling method proposed by the invention fully taps the working ability of solar energy, can greatly improve the efficiency of the second law of thermodynamics in solar energy utilization, and can make the output of system electric energy more stable.

Description

Solar energy comprehensive utilization device and system combining photovoltaic and photothermal chemistry

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy (renewable energy), in particular to a solar energy comprehensive utilization device and system combining photovoltaic and photothermal chemistry.

Background technique

Solar photovoltaic utilization technology converts part of the solar energy directly into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect of solar photovoltaic cells, and the remaining part of the solar energy is converted into thermal energy. At present, the power generation efficiency of mass-produced solar photovoltaic cells is about 15%-20%, which means that more than 80% of solar energy will be directly converted into heat energy. There are two ways to deal with this heat energy: directly dissipate it to the environment in the form of heat dissipation; and utilize it through heat recovery.

The recovered heat energy is mainly used in physical ways such as heating, cooling, driving a heat engine to generate electricity, and using thermoelectric materials to generate electricity. Their efficiencies of the second law of thermodynamics are all positively related to temperature, and are all limited by the Carnot cycle efficiency at that temperature. In order to improve the efficiency of the second law of thermodynamics in the waste heat utilization method mentioned above, the key is to increase the temperature of the waste heat, and the increase of the waste heat temperature will cause a decrease in the efficiency of the photovoltaic system. The above contradictions lead to the inability to greatly improve the efficiency of the second law of thermodynamics of the entire system.

Solar thermal utilization technology converts sunlight into thermal energy and utilizes it. The collection methods can be divided into focused and non-focused. The focused solar thermal utilization system uses regular curved surfaces (such as parabolic mirrors) to gather sunlight to the geometric focus. The heat collection temperature is high and the heat collection area is small. However, manufacturing, The control is complicated and the cost is high. The non-focused solar thermal utilization system uses the heat collector to directly collect the unfocused sunlight, avoiding the use of the focus system. The system is simple, easy to manufacture and control, and the cost is low, but its integrated The heat temperature is low and the heat collecting area is large. The heat energy collected by the solar thermal utilization system can be used for heating, cooling, power generation, endothermic chemical reactions and other occasions that utilize heat energy.

The thermal energy collected by the solar thermal utilization system is used for endothermic chemical reactions (solar thermochemical utilization technology for short) has obvious advantages. It not only improves the grade of physical energy to the grade of chemical energy, but also breaks its conventional physical energy energy conversion. range of use. The above concept of grade was proposed by Ishida to express the quality of energy, that is, the maximum work that can be done by a certain amount of energy. Its definition is as follows:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; A</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;E</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;H</span>}}$

In the formula, ΔE is the change of the maximum working capacity; ΔH is the change of enthalpy. Taking H.Hong and H.Jin’s proposed total energy system of medium and low temperature solar thermochemistry and gas turbine combined cycle as an example, the system preheats methanol through a trough concentrating system until it is cracked to generate synthesis gas. During this process, the solar energy The thermal energy collected by the photothermal utilization system is absorbed by the endothermic chemical reaction of methanol cracking, so that the low-grade medium-low temperature solar thermal energy is converted into high-grade chemical energy for storage. In the process, the working ability of the absorbed solar heat has been improved.

In the process of realizing the present invention, the applicant found that the above-mentioned prior art has the following problems in the process of converting solar energy into electrical energy respectively: (1) The low-grade thermal energy of lower temperature generated by the solar photovoltaic utilization system is directly lost to the environment It will cause a large energy loss, but the benefits obtained by direct physical utilization are small; (2) The solar thermochemical utilization technology needs to convert high-grade solar energy into low-grade heat energy for utilization, and this process will cause Larger loss of available energy, that is, solar energy does not fully exploit its work potential from the source before it becomes heat; (3) Due to the volatility of solar energy, the power generated by the solar photovoltaic utilization system is unstable, which will impact the grid, or Reduce the use comfort of direct users; the solar thermal utilization system will also have low efficiency due to solar fluctuations that deviate from the design conditions; (4) Since the solar photovoltaic utilization system is limited Large-scale power storage technology is far from mature, and photovoltaic power generation alone is difficult to meet the nighttime power supply demand.

Contents of the invention

(1) Technical problems to be solved

In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a solar energy comprehensive utilization system combining photovoltaics and photothermochemistry to improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy.

(2) Technical solution

According to one aspect of the present invention, a solar energy comprehensive utilization device combining photovoltaic and photothermal chemistry is provided. The solar energy comprehensive utilization device comprises: a focusing system 31a; and a solar heat collecting reactor 31b, and its heat collecting surface towards the focusing system 31a is divided into two parts, the first part is laid with solar photovoltaic cells, the second part is not laid with solar photovoltaic cells, the The inlet of the solar collector reactor 31b is fed with reactants, and the reactants flow through the first part and the second part in sequence. Among them, the focusing system 31a focuses the sunlight to the heat collecting surface of the solar heat collecting reactor 31b. In the first part, the solar photovoltaic cell converts the solar energy into electric energy, and converts the solar energy not converted into electric energy into heat energy, and conducts the reaction on the reactants flowing through. Heating; in the second part, the solar energy is directly converted into thermal energy to heat the reactants flowing through, wherein part of the reactants undergo endothermic chemical reaction after the heating of the first part and the second part, and store thermal energy as chemical energy.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a system for comprehensive utilization of solar energy is also provided. The solar energy comprehensive utilization system includes: a preheating section 20, including cascaded N-level solar collectors, used to preheat the reactants, N≥1; a reaction section 30, including cascading M-level solar energy integrated The utilization device is used to convert solar energy into electric energy and heat energy, and the heat energy further heats the preheated reactants to cause an endothermic chemical reaction to store the heat energy as chemical energy, M≥1; the utilization section 40 is The gas-steam combined cycle power generation system, internal combustion engine power generation system or fuel cell power generation system is used to utilize the unreacted raw material and reaction product mixture at the outlet of the reaction section 30, and its electric energy output can be adjusted by adjusting the speed at which the mixture enters the power generation system, so that To a certain extent, it is complementary to the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic system, so that the electric energy output of the integrated system is more stable; and the storage section 50 is a storage tank for the mixture of unreacted raw materials and reaction products. When the power generation system needs to feed the mixture faster than the reaction section 30 is used to store the remaining mixture when the speed of the mixture is output, and is used to provide insufficient mixture for the power generation system when the speed of the mixture fed into the power generation system is greater than the speed of the mixture output by the reaction section 30.

(3) Beneficial effects

It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the solar energy comprehensive utilization system combining photovoltaic and photothermal chemistry of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The solar energy first passes through the solar photovoltaic system, and the waste heat is absorbed by the chemical reaction and converted into higher-grade chemical energy, thus avoiding the direct conversion of high-grade solar energy (close to 100% work in theory) into low-grade The heat energy, and compared with the waste heat of solar photovoltaic cells, the income obtained by directly utilizing the waste heat in the form of physical changes is increased;

(2) Adjust the power of the raw material supply pump and resistance wire according to the intensity of sunlight. When the intensity of sunlight is strong, increase the power of the raw material supply pump and resistance wire. When the intensity of sunlight is weak, adjust the power of the raw material supply pump and resistance The power of the wire not only stabilizes the temperature of the thermochemical system, but also reduces the fluctuation of the output power of the photovoltaic system;

(3) The electric energy generated by the solar photovoltaic utilization system is used to supply heat collectors (reactors), heat exchangers and resistance wires arranged in pipelines, raw material supply pumps, tracking devices for concentrating systems, control systems and workshops, etc. Electric energy is required to achieve a certain degree of self-production and self-sale, reducing the grid-connected electricity of photovoltaic systems, thereby reducing the impact on the grid;

(4) When the sunlight is sufficient, the electric energy output of the solar thermochemical utilization system and the electric energy output of the solar photovoltaic utilization system are complementary, so that the electric energy output of the system is stable, and at the same time, the solar thermochemical utilization system stores the mixture of unreacted raw materials and reaction products for future use; When the sunlight is insufficient or there is no sunlight, the solar photovoltaic utilization system cannot generate sufficient electric energy or cannot generate electric energy. The solar thermochemical utilization system uses the mixture of stored unreacted raw materials and reaction products to generate electric energy to realize the system in variable light. Stable power output under strong conditions;

(5) The non-focused solar energy utilization system is arranged in the low-temperature preheating section, and the focused solar energy utilization system is arranged in the high-temperature reaction section, so that the production and control of the low-temperature preheating section system are simple, and the temperature requirements of the high-temperature reaction section system can also be realized , complementary advantages;

(6) The temperature of the mixture of unreacted raw materials and reaction products at the outlet of the reaction section is high, and its heat is recovered by the heat exchanger and used to supply the heat demand of the preheating section and the reaction section, which can improve the energy utilization efficiency of the system.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a solar energy comprehensive utilization device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a solar energy comprehensive utilization system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar energy comprehensive utilization system according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar energy comprehensive utilization system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[Description of the main component symbols of the present invention]

10 - raw material section;

11-raw material storage tank; 12-raw material supply pump;

13-the second raw material storage tank; 14-the second raw material supply pump;

20-preheating section;

21, 22- are non-focused collectors

30 - reaction section;

31, 32 - solar energy comprehensive utilization device;

31a - focus system; 31b - collector reactor

40-gas-steam combined cycle system;

50 - product storage tank;

61, 62, 63-dividing wall heat exchanger; 64-mixing heat exchanger.

detailed description

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, in the drawings or descriptions of the specification, similar or identical parts all use the same figure numbers. Implementations not shown or described in the accompanying drawings are forms known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, while illustrations of parameters including particular values may be provided herein, it should be understood that the parameters need not be exactly equal to the corresponding values, but rather may approximate the corresponding values within acceptable error margins or design constraints.

The invention combines the photovoltaic utilization of solar energy with photothermal utilization, especially the thermochemical utilization technology of solar energy. The solar energy is firstly utilized by the photovoltaic system, and the waste heat generated is converted into higher-grade chemical energy through chemical reaction absorption, which can greatly increase the energy efficiency of solar energy. utilization efficiency.

1. Solar energy comprehensive utilization device

In the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a solar energy comprehensive utilization device combining photovoltaic and photothermal chemistry is provided. Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar energy comprehensive utilization device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the comprehensive solar energy utilization device 31 of the present embodiment comprises: a focusing system 31a; The part of the line) is laid with solar photovoltaic cells, and the second part (the part without oblique lines in the figure) is not laid with solar photovoltaic cells, and its inlet leads to reactants, and the reactants flow through the first part and the second part in turn. The battery and inverter grid-connected equipment required by the photovoltaic system, as well as the valves and heat preservation facilities required in the system are well known to those skilled in the art, and are not shown in the system schematic diagram.

The focusing system 31a is a trough solar focusing system, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the present invention, the focusing system 31a may also be a Fresnel solar focusing system, a compound parabolic solar focusing system, a tower solar focusing system, a dish solar focusing system and other types of focusing systems. The flat-plate heat collecting reactor 31b can also be other types of heat collecting reactors, such as vacuum tube heat collecting reactors.

Considering the higher temperature, the efficiency of solar photovoltaic cells will be relatively poor, and the service life will be relatively short. Therefore, the area of laying and non-laying solar photovoltaic cells on the flat-plate heat collecting reactor 31b can be designed according to the actual situation. Generally, the ratio of the area of the first part (laying solar photovoltaic cells) to the total heat collecting area of the flat heat collecting reactor 31b is between 0 and 1 (0 is not included, 1 is included).

In the working state, methanol is introduced from the inlet of the flat-plate heat collecting reactor 31b to flow sequentially through the part where the solar photovoltaic cells are laid and the part where the solar photovoltaic cells are not laid. The focusing system 31a focuses sunlight to the heat collecting surface of the flat-plate collector reactor 31b where the solar photovoltaic cells are laid, and the solar photovoltaic cells convert part of the solar energy into electrical energy, and the solar energy that is not converted into electrical energy is converted into heat energy, and the lower part of the solar photovoltaic cell The methanol flowing through the flat-plate heat collecting reactor is heated. At the same time, the focusing system 31a focuses sunlight to the heat collecting surface of the flat-plate thermal collector reactor without solar photovoltaic cells, converts solar energy into thermal energy, and directly heats the methanol in the flat-plate thermal collector reactor 31b. Part of the methanol undergoes an endothermic cracking reaction under the action of two heatings, and the low-grade solar heat energy is transformed into higher-grade chemical energy.

This example uses methanol cracking reaction as the reaction to convert solar energy into chemical energy. In fact, the endothermic reactions between other fluids, such as dimethyl ether cracking, methane steam reforming and methane carbon dioxide reforming, can all use this solar energy. The comprehensive utilization device will not be described one by one here.

It can be seen that while the solar energy comprehensive utilization device in this embodiment converts solar energy into electrical energy, the waste heat generated by the unconverted solar energy is absorbed and converted into higher-grade chemical energy through chemical reaction. Increased profit from utilization.

It should be noted that the temperature required for the cracking of methanol is relatively high, and the methanol entering the flat heat collector 31b needs to have a relatively high temperature, and the temperature range is preferably 25-180°C. Therefore, in this embodiment, the solar energy synthesis The front end of the inlet of the heat collecting reactor 31b of the utilization device needs to have a corresponding preheating device. The preheating device and the solar energy comprehensive utilization device of this embodiment together constitute the solar energy comprehensive utilization system of the second embodiment.

2. Comprehensive utilization system of solar energy

In the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a system for comprehensive utilization of solar energy is also provided. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar energy comprehensive utilization system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2 , the comprehensive utilization system of solar energy in this embodiment includes: a raw material section 10 , a preheating section 20 , a reaction section 30 and a utilization section.

The raw material section 10 includes a raw material storage tank 11 and a raw material supply pump 12 . The raw material storage tank 11 is used for storing reactants. The reactant is pumped to the preheating section 20 and the reaction section 30 through the raw material supply pump 12, and the pressure provided by the raw material supply pump 12 can be selected as any value from 0 to 30 bar.

Please refer to FIG. 2 , the preheating section 20 is composed of two cascaded non-focused solar heat collectors ( 21 , 22 ), which are used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and thermal energy. This thermal energy is used to preheat the reactants.

The preheating section 20 adopts a non-concentrating solar heat collector, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the present invention, the preheating section 20 can also adopt a trough type solar focus heat collection system, a Fresnel type solar focus heat collection system, a compound parabolic solar focus heat collection system, a tower type solar focus heat collection system, a dish type solar focus heat collector Thermal systems and other types of focused heat collection systems.

In the comprehensive solar energy utilization system of this embodiment, the heat collecting surfaces of the two solar heat collectors (21, 22) in the preheating section are divided into two parts towards the sun, wherein the first part (the bold part in the figure) is laid with solar photovoltaic cells, The second part (the part not bolded in the figure) is not laid with solar photovoltaic cells. The solar heat collector 21 is a flat plate heat collector, and the solar heat collector 22 is a vacuum tube heat collector.

Considering the higher temperature, the efficiency of solar photovoltaic cells will be relatively poor, and the service life will be relatively short. Therefore, the areas of laying and unlaying solar photovoltaic cells on the non-focused heat collectors (21, 22) can be designed according to actual conditions. Generally, the ratio of the area of laying solar photovoltaic cells to the total heat collecting area of the non-focused heat collectors (21, 22) is between 0 and 1 (0 is not included, 1 is included).

In the working state, the non-focused heat collector 21 heats the reactant flowing through it. Among them, the part of laying solar photovoltaic cells first converts solar energy into electrical energy, and the solar energy that is not converted into electrical energy is converted into thermal energy to heat the reactants flowing through the heat collector at the bottom of the solar photovoltaic cells. The part without solar photovoltaic cells simply converts solar energy into heat energy and heats the reactants flowing through it.

It should be noted that this embodiment is described by taking the preheating section with two cascaded solar collectors as an example, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In other embodiments of the present invention, the number of non-concentrating solar collectors in the preheating section 20 can also be N levels, where N≥1, and its typical values are 1, 2, 3, 4, which are determined by the heating reaction The heat required by the material and the parameters of the solar collector are determined.

The reaction section 30 is connected with the outlet of the preheating section 20, and includes the solar energy comprehensive utilization device (31, 32) in the first embodiment of the two-stage cascade, which is used to convert solar energy into electric energy and thermal energy, and the thermal energy is used for the preheating. The heated reactants are further heated to convert them to higher grade chemical energy through an endothermic chemical reaction.

Wherein, among the two solar energy comprehensive utilization devices, the heat collection reactor of the solar energy comprehensive utilization device 31 is a flat plate heat collection reactor, and the heat collection reactor of the solar energy comprehensive utilization device 32 is a vacuum tube heat collection reactor. The content of the solar energy comprehensive utilization device has been described in detail in the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

Likewise, this embodiment is described by taking the reaction section of the solar energy comprehensive utilization device with two cascaded connections as an example, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In other embodiments of the present invention, the number of solar energy comprehensive utilization devices in the reaction section 30 can also be M level, where M≥1, and its typical values are 1, 2, 3, 4, and the heat required for heating the reactants And the parameters of the solar collector reactor are determined.

In this embodiment, the utilization section includes: a gas-steam combined cycle system 40 . The gas-steam combined cycle system 40 is used to generate electricity by utilizing the mixture of unreacted raw materials and reaction products with more chemical energy output from the reaction section 30 . It should be clear to those skilled in the art that the utilization section can also comprehensively utilize the mixture of unreacted raw materials and reaction products after the endothermic chemical reaction in other ways, which will not be repeated here.

In this embodiment, the resistance wire is laid in the two solar energy comprehensive utilization devices in the reaction section, and the required electric energy is provided by the heat collecting surface of the solar heat collecting reactor in the two solar energy comprehensive utilization devices (31, 32) in the reaction section. The solar photovoltaic cells laid and the solar photovoltaic cells laid on the heat collecting surfaces of the two non-focused solar heat collectors (21, 22) in the preheating section are provided. Among them, the resistance wire is used to adjust the temperature distribution of the reaction section to reduce the degree of deviation of the solar energy comprehensive utilization device from the design working condition due to solar fluctuations, so that the system can operate at a higher efficiency. In addition, heating wires can also be laid in the pipelines of the preheating section and the reaction section and the heat collector (reactor).

In addition, the solar photovoltaic cells laid on the heat collecting surfaces of the two comprehensive solar energy utilization devices (31, 32) and the solar photovoltaic cells laid on the heat collecting surfaces of the two non-focused heat collectors (21, 22) in the preheating section generate The electric energy is also used to supply the raw material supply pump 12, the focusing system 31a of the solar energy comprehensive utilization device in the reaction section and the electric energy required by other parts of the system, such as the electric energy required by the lighting system.

In this embodiment, the power of the raw material supply pump and resistance wire is adjusted according to the intensity of sunlight. When the intensity of sunlight is strong, the power of the raw material supply pump and resistance wire is increased; when the intensity of sunlight is weak, the power of the raw material supply pump is decreased. , Resistance wire power. This stabilizes the temperature of the thermochemical system while reducing the volatility of the electrical output of the photovoltaic system.

It can be seen that the solar energy comprehensive utilization system of this embodiment converts the photovoltaic power that the grid system is unwilling to purchase into the self-demanding power of the system, realizes the self-production and self-sale of photovoltaic power to a certain extent, reduces the grid-connected amount of photovoltaic power, thereby reducing The impact of photovoltaic power on the grid.

The power utilization method of the above-mentioned solar photovoltaic cells can also be selected as follows: the electric energy generated by the solar photovoltaic cells is all connected to the grid, and the electric energy required for system operation, such as the electric energy required for the raw material supply pump, the electric energy required for the tracking device of the trough-type concentrating system, and The electric energy required by the resistance wire is taken from the grid; the electric energy generated by the solar photovoltaic cell is used to supply the electric energy required by the system, such as the electric energy required by the raw material supply pump, the electric energy required by the tracking device of the trough concentrator system, and the electric energy required by the resistance wire , the insufficient part is taken from the grid, and the remaining part is connected to the grid.

It should be noted that in this embodiment, the non-focused solar energy utilization device is arranged in the low-temperature preheating section, and the focused solar energy utilization system is arranged in the high-temperature reaction section, so that the production and control of the low-temperature preheating section system are simple, and the high-temperature reaction section system The temperature requirements can also be achieved, and the advantages are complementary.

In addition, the solar photovoltaic cells laid on the heat collecting surfaces of the solar heat collectors (reactors) (31, 32, 21, 22) should be selected according to the conditions such as the temperature of each heat collector (reactor) and the light concentration ratio. , Economic solar photovoltaic cells.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the outlet temperature of methanol is selected as 240° C., and solar photovoltaic cells are laid on all heat collecting surfaces of each heat collector (reactor). The average power generation efficiency η ₁ of solar photovoltaic cells is selected as 8%-30%. Methanol cracking power generation efficiency selects the solar net power generation efficiency η ₂ of the combined cycle system proposed by H.Hong and H.Jin in which the medium and low temperature solar energy and fossil fuel chemistry are complementary, 35%. The additional energy loss α due to the addition of solar photovoltaic cells is chosen to be 5%. The net solar power generation efficiency η of the system:

η=η ₁ +(1-α)(1-η ₁ )η ₂

It is calculated that the net solar power generation efficiency η of this embodiment ranges from 39.93% to 53.28%.

It should be noted that the temperature of the mixture of unreacted raw materials and reaction products at the outlet of the reaction section is relatively high, and its heat can be used for the heat supply of the preheating section and the reaction section through the heat exchanger. Therefore, partition wall heat exchangers can be arranged between each heat collector (21, 22) of the preheating section of the present embodiment and the two solar energy comprehensive utilization devices (31, 32) of the reaction section. A hybrid heat exchanger can be arranged before. Each heat exchanger and the solar energy comprehensive utilization device of this embodiment jointly constitute the solar energy comprehensive utilization system of the third embodiment.

3. Comprehensive utilization system of solar energy

In the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a system for comprehensive utilization of solar energy is also provided. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar energy comprehensive utilization system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, the solar energy comprehensive utilization system of this embodiment is compared with the solar energy comprehensive utilization system of Embodiment 2, and its difference is: the mixture of unreacted raw materials and reaction products output by the reaction section 30 is divided into two streams, wherein One stream is sent to the gas-steam combined cycle system 40 for power generation, and the other stream passes through multiple heat exchangers in the reaction section 30 and the preheating section 20 to heat the reactants flowing through the reaction section 30 and the preheating section 20 .

Please refer to FIG. 3 , the solar energy comprehensive utilization system further includes: a product storage tank 50 . The product storage tank 50 also has a pipeline connected to the gas-steam combined cycle system 40 .

When the sunlight is sufficient, the mixture of unreacted reactants and reaction products output by the reaction section 30 is divided into two streams, one of which is sent to the gas-steam combined cycle system 40 for power generation, and the other stream passes through the reaction section 30 and pre-processing The multiple heat exchangers in the hot section 20 heat the reactants therein and store them in the product storage tank 50 . .

When the sunlight is insufficient or there is no sunlight, the valve of the pipeline between the product storage tank 50 and the gas-steam combined cycle system 40 can be opened, and the mixture of unreacted reactants and reaction products stored in the product storage tank 50 can be used to generate electricity.

When the sunlight changes, the power output is adjusted by adjusting the amount of fuel delivered to the gas-steam combined cycle system 40, so that it complements the power output of the photovoltaic system, so that the total power output of the system is stable.

Please refer to Fig. 3, in the reaction section, the solar energy comprehensive utilization system of the present embodiment also includes: a partition wall heat exchanger 61, located between two solar energy comprehensive utilization devices (31, 32), which is connected to the reaction section 30 by the cooling side inlet The outlet is connected to the inlet of the next-stage partition wall heat exchanger by the outlet of the cooled side, the inlet of the heated side is connected to the outlet of the comprehensive solar energy utilization device 31 at the front end, and the outlet of the heated side is connected to the comprehensive solar energy utilization device 32 of the rear end The inlet is used to replace part of the heat energy generated by solar energy to further heat the preheated reactants, so that they can be converted into higher-grade chemical energy through endothermic chemical reactions.

Please refer to FIG. 3 , in the preheating section, the integrated solar energy utilization system of this embodiment further includes: two partition heat exchangers ( 62 , 63 ) and a hybrid heat exchanger 64 .

For the partition wall heat exchanger 62, its cooled side inlet is connected to the cooled side outlet of the partition wall heat exchanger 61, its cooled side outlet is connected to the cooled side inlet of the partition wall heat exchanger 63, and its heated side inlet It is connected to the outlet of the non-focused vacuum tube heat collector 21, and its heated side outlet is connected to the inlet of the solar energy comprehensive utilization device 31.

For the partition wall heat exchanger 63, its cooled side inlet is connected to the cooled side outlet of the partition wall heat exchanger 62, its cooled side outlet is connected to the cooled side inlet of the mixing heat exchanger 64, and its heated side inlet It is connected to the outlet of the non-focused flat-plate heat collector 22, and its heated side outlet is connected to the inlet of the non-focused flat-plate heat collector 21.

For the mixing heat exchanger 64, its cooled side inlet is connected to the cooled side outlet of the partition heat exchanger 63, its cooling side outlet is connected to the product storage tank 50, and its heated side inlet is connected to the raw material supply pump 12, Its heated side outlet is connected to the inlet of the non-focused flat-plate collector 22 .

In this embodiment, there are two-stage solar energy comprehensive utilization devices in the reaction section 30, and two-stage solar collectors in the preheating section 20, so three partition heat exchangers and one hybrid heat exchanger are provided. And in the reaction section of the present invention has the comprehensive solar energy utilization device of M level, under the situation that the preheating section has the solar heat collector of N level, partition wall can be set between any two heat collectors (reactors) of the reaction section and the preheating section Heat exchangers or hybrid heat exchangers, even K partition heat exchangers or hybrid heat exchangers (K≥1) can be provided, all of which can realize the present invention, and will not be repeated here.

In this embodiment, the temperature of the mixture of unreacted raw materials and reaction products at the outlet of the reaction section is relatively high, and the heat is recovered by the heat exchanger and used to supply the heat demand of the preheating section and the reaction section, which can improve the energy utilization of the system efficiency.

4. Comprehensive utilization system of solar energy

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a system in which a solar energy comprehensive utilization system combining solar photovoltaic and photothermal energy is coupled with a fuel cell to generate electricity. The difference between this system and the third embodiment is that the raw material of the solar energy comprehensive utilization system combining solar photovoltaic and light heat is dimethyl ether, and the gas-steam combined cycle system 40 is replaced by a fuel cell system. For its specific implementation, refer to the relevant description of the third embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

5. Comprehensive utilization system of solar energy

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a hydrogen production system is also provided by a solar energy comprehensive utilization system combining solar photovoltaic and light heat. The difference between this system and the third embodiment is that the raw material of the solar energy comprehensive utilization system combined with solar photovoltaic and photothermal is a mixture of methanol and water, and the products obtained after heating are hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar energy comprehensive utilization system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to FIG. 4 , compared with the third embodiment, the gas-steam combined cycle system 40 is removed in this embodiment. The mixture of unreacted raw materials and reaction products output from the reaction section 30 passes through the reaction section 30 and the preheating section 20 in sequence, and is used to heat the reactants flowing through the reaction section 30 and the preheating section 20 .

In addition, in the comprehensive solar energy utilization system of this embodiment, the raw material section 10 further includes: a second raw material storage tank 13 for storing the second reactant. The second reactant is pumped to the preheating section and the reaction section via the second raw material supply pump 14 .

Wherein, between the second raw material supply pump 14 and the mixing heat exchanger 64, a mixing heat exchanger 65 is also provided, and the cooled end inlet of the mixing heat exchanger 65 is connected to the cooled end outlet of the mixing heat exchanger 64 Its cooled end outlet is connected to the cooled end inlet of the mixing heat exchanger 66, and its heated end inlet is connected to the second raw material supply pump 14 outlet; its heated end outlet is connected to the mixing heat exchanger 64 heated end inlet , for heating the second reactant.

In addition, a mixing heat exchanger 66 is also provided between the raw material supply pump 12 and the mixing heat exchanger 64, and the cooled end inlet of the mixing heat exchanger 66 is connected to the cooled end outlet of the mixing heat exchanger 65; it is cooled The end outlet is connected to the product storage tank 50, and its heated end inlet is connected to the first raw material supply pump 12; its heated end outlet is connected to the mixing heat exchanger 64 heated end inlet for the first reactant raw material heating.

The difference between the process of the hydrogen production system in this embodiment and the third embodiment is that the mixture of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methanol produced at this time passes through the heat exchangers at all levels. Cooled, stored in the product storage tank 50, not fed into the gas-steam combined cycle.

In addition, the above definitions of each element and method are not limited to the various specific structures, shapes or methods mentioned in the embodiments, and those of ordinary skill in the art can easily modify or replace them, for example:

(1) The heat exchangers 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66 are not absolutely necessary, and one or several of them can be omitted in some occasions.

(2) The mixture in the product storage tank 50 can be used as a raw material for further processing, or sold as a finished product.

So far, multiple embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art should have a clear understanding of the chemical reaction system combining solar photovoltaic and light heat of the present invention.

To sum up, in the solar energy utilization system combining solar photovoltaic and light heat of the present invention, the mutual combination of multiple energy utilization forms such as solar photovoltaic and solar thermochemistry is facilitated, and the direct conversion of high-grade solar energy into low-grade thermal energy is avoided. At the same time, the low-grade waste heat of solar photovoltaic cells is stored as high-grade chemical energy, which not only improves the system income, but also improves the stability of the system's power output, which is of great significance to the comprehensive utilization of solar energy.

The specific embodiments described above have further described the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (17)

1. a photovoltaic, the chemically combined solar energy composite of photo-thermal utilize device, it is characterised in that Including:

Focusing system (31a)；And

Solar energy heating reactor (31b), it divides towards the heat collector surface of described focusing system (31a) For two parts, Part I laying solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, Part II does not lays solar photovoltaic Pond, the entrance of this solar energy heating reactor (31b) is passed through reactant, and this reactant flows successively through Described Part I and Part II；

Wherein, described focusing system (31a) is by solar light focusing to described solar energy heating reactor (31b) heat collector surface, at Part I, solar-energy photo-voltaic cell convert the solar into electric energy and Used heat, and by used heat, the reactant flowed through is heated；At Part II, solar energy is directly changed For heat energy, and the reactant flowed through is heated, wherein, partial reaction thing through this Part I and The heating generation endothermic chemical reaction of Part II and be chemical energy by thermal energy storage.

Solar energy composite the most according to claim 1 utilizes device, it is characterised in that described The area of Part I account for the ratio of the described whole collector area of solar energy heating reactor between 0～1 it Between, and this interval between 0～1 do not comprises 0, comprises 1.

Solar energy composite the most according to claim 1 utilizes device, it is characterised in that:

Described reactant is: methanol, and described endothermic chemical reaction is: methanol decomposition reacts；

Described reactant is: dimethyl ether, and described endothermic chemical reaction is: dimethyl ether cracking reaction；

Described reactant is: methanol and steam, and described endothermic chemical reaction is: methanol steam weight Whole reaction；

Described reactant is: dimethyl ether and steam, and described endothermic chemical reaction is: dimethyl ether water steams Gas reforming reaction；

Described reactant is: ethanol and steam, and described endothermic chemical reaction is: ethanol steam weight Whole reaction；

Described reactant is: methane and steam, and described endothermic chemical reaction is: methane vapor weight Whole reaction；Or

Described reactant is: methane and carbon dioxide, and described endothermic chemical reaction is: methane titanium dioxide Carbon reforming reaction.

Solar energy composite the most according to claim 1 utilizes device, it is characterised in that described Focusing system is: groove type solar focusing system, Fresnel solar focusing system, compound parabolic Face solar focusing system, tower type solar focusing system or disc type solar energy focusing system.

Solar energy composite the most according to claim 1 utilizes device, it is characterised in that described Solar energy heating reactor is: Flat plate heat collecting reactor or vacuum tube heat collection function reactor.

6. a solar energy composite utilizes system, it is characterised in that including:

Preheating section (20), including the N level solar thermal collector of cascade, for carrying out pre-to reactant Heat；And

Conversion zone (30), including cascade M level as according to any one of claim 1 to 5 too Sun energy comprehensive utilization device, is used for converting the solar into electric energy and heat energy, after this heat energy is to preheating Reactant heats further so that it is part occurs endothermic chemical reaction and be chemical by this thermal energy storage Energy；

Wherein, N >=1, M >=1.

Solar energy composite the most according to claim 6 utilizes system, it is characterised in that preheating Duan Zhong, described solar thermal collector is Columnating type solar thermal collector or non-focusing formula solar energy heating Device, its Part I laying solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, Part II does not lays solar-energy photo-voltaic cell.

Solar energy composite the most according to claim 7 utilizes system, it is characterised in that described The solar energy composite of conversion zone utilizes in the solar thermal collector of device and is equipped with resistance wire；

This resistance wire be used for alleviating solar energy composite utilize device because solar energy fluctuation off-design work The degree of condition.

Solar energy composite the most according to claim 8 utilizes system, it is characterised in that described Needed for resistance wire and described focusing system (31a), electric energy is by the M level solar energy composite profit in conversion zone The solar-energy photo-voltaic cell laid with the heat collector surface of the solar energy heating reactor of device (31,32) with And the N level Columnating type solar thermal collector in preheating section or non-focusing formula solar thermal collector (21,22) Heat collector surface lay solar-energy photo-voltaic cell provide.

Solar energy composite the most according to claim 7 utilizes system, it is characterised in that described In the Columnating type solar thermal collector of preheating section or non-focusing formula solar thermal collector, the face of Part I The ratio of the long-pending whole collector areas accounting for described solar thermal collector is between 0～1, and this is between 0～1 Interval do not comprise 0, comprise 1.

11. solar energy composites according to claim 6 utilize system, it is characterised in that also wrap Include:

Raw material section (10), is connected to the front end of described preheating section (20), for supply response thing； And

The section of utilization (40), is connected to the rear end of described conversion zone (30), for heat absorptionization occurs The mixture learning reacted unreacted raw material and reaction product utilizes.

12. solar energy composites according to claim 11 utilize system, also include:

The K level heat exchanger of cascade, the front end of its cooled side is connected to the outlet of conversion zone, and it is added Hot side is connected in the pipeline of described preheating section (20) and conversion zone (30), K >=1；

Product storage tank (50), is connected to the rear end of the cooled side of the heat exchanger of several cascades described, Himself rear end is connected to described utilization section (40) by valve；

Wherein, described conversion zone (30) the unreacted raw material exported and the mixing of reaction product Thing flow through described K level heat exchanger at least partially, to flowing through described conversion zone (30) and preheating section (20) reactant of pipeline heats, described product storage tank (50) store, and described Flow into the section of utilization (40) when valve is opened to utilize.

13. solar energy composites according to claim 12 utilize system, it is characterised in that institute Stating heat exchanger is dividing wall type heat exchanger, direct contact heat exchanger or heat regenerator.

14. solar energy composites according to claim 12 utilize system, it is characterised in that institute State raw material section (10) to include:

Raw material storage tank (11), is used for storing reactant；And

Raw material supply pump (12), for being pumped to described preheating section (20) and instead by described reactant The section of answering (30).

15. solar energy composites according to claim 13 utilize system, it is characterised in that right In comprising the endothermic chemical reaction of multiple reactant, this solar energy composite utilizes system to include multiple raw material Storage tank supplies the combination of pump with raw material.

16. solar energy composites according to claim 13 utilize system, it is characterised in that institute State the section of utilization for electricity generation system.

17. solar energy composites according to claim 16 utilize system, it is characterised in that institute Stating electricity generation system is that gas combustion-gas vapor combined cycle system, internal combustion engine power generating system, fuel cell are sent out One or more in electricity system.