CN104670326B - The steady steering hardware of a kind of tractor-truck high resistance - Google Patents

Abstract

The high stability steering device of the semi-trailer tractor disclosed by the present invention comprises a lower tray connected with the tractor and an upper tray connected with the semi-trailer, the lower tray is connected with the upper tray and the upper tray and the lower tray can rotate relatively, and the lower tray and the lower tray are connected to each other. There is a rotatable steering mechanism connected to the semi-trailer wheels between the upper pallets. When the lower pallet turns within a preset angle, the steering mechanism is connected with the lower pallet and rotates with the lower pallet. When the lower pallet rotates beyond the preset angle, The steering mechanism is separated from the lower pallet and connected with the upper pallet. The invention is simple in structure, practical and convenient, has good wear resistance and reduces service life.

Description

High stability steering device for semi-trailer tractor

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle traction, and relates to a steering device, in particular to a high stability steering device for a semi-trailer tractor.

Background technique

The semi-trailer is the same as all motor vehicles. During the turning process, the driving wheel traces of the rear wheels and the front wheels are not in the same arc. The turning radius of the front inner wheel is larger, while the turning radius of the rear inner wheel is smaller. The inner wheel forms a difference in turning radius, which easily creates a blind spot, and the driver cannot see the road conditions in the blind spot. If there are cars or pedestrians in the blind spot, the semi-trailer will easily scrape the cars or pedestrians on both sides during the turning process. fall, resulting in a safety accident.

In response to this situation, people have invented a device that can make the rear wheel of a motor vehicle rotate with the front wheel. , left front steering shaft, front tie rod, right front steering arm, right front wheel, right front steering shaft are sequentially connected, right rear steering shaft, right rear wheel, right rear steering arm, rear tie rod, left rear steering shaft, left rear steering arm, right The rear wheels are connected sequentially, the active lever is hinged with the right front steering arm, the driven lever is hinged with the right rear steering arm, and the active lever can slide in the driven lever. The radius difference from the front wheel when turning, thereby reducing the blind spot of the motor vehicle when turning, but the device will carry the following technical problems when used on a semi-trailer, because the semi-trailer body is longer and larger, when turning, if the rear If the wheel steering angle is too small, the effect of the rear wheel follow-up steering will be poor, the turning radius difference between the front and rear wheels will still be large, and there will still be a large range of blind spots. If the rear wheel steering angle is too large, it will make the rear of the semi-trailer The large inertia will easily cause the semi-trailer to flick or roll over. Therefore, the steering angle of the rear wheel of the semi-trailer must be controlled within a reasonable range. At the same time, during the operation of the vehicle, the use of the steering device is prone to aging or wear, especially for heavy-duty vehicles such as semi-trailers and trailers. The huge inertia during driving is also an important factor affecting its safe driving. At this time, the steering device The quality and service life of the vehicle will greatly affect the safety of the vehicle.

To sum up, in order to solve the technical problems of the above-mentioned steering device, it is necessary to design a semi-trailer tractor steering device that can make the rear wheels of the semi-trailer turn within a reasonable angle.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a semi-trailer tractor steering device that enables the rear wheels of the semi-trailer to turn within a reasonable angle. can be greatly reduced.

The high stability steering device of the semi-trailer tractor disclosed by the present invention comprises a lower tray connected with the tractor and an upper tray connected with the semi-trailer, the lower tray is connected with the upper tray and the upper tray and the lower tray can rotate relatively, and the lower tray and the lower tray are connected to each other. There is a rotatable steering mechanism connected with the semi-trailer wheels between the upper pallets. When the lower pallet turns within a preset angle, the steering mechanism is connected with the lower pallet and rotates with the lower pallet. The lower pallet rotates beyond the preset angle. , the steering mechanism is separated from the lower tray and connected to the upper tray.

The steering mechanism includes a ring gear. The ring gear is set between the upper tray and the lower tray and the ring gear is connected to the wheel of the semi-trailer. When the rotation angle of the lower tray is less than or equal to the maximum rotation angle of the ring gear, the ring gear rotates with the lower tray, and the lower tray rotates. When the angle is greater than the maximum rotation angle of the ring gear, the ring gear contacts the upper tray and stops rotating;

The ring gear is composed of an austenitic steel core, a ceramic layer and a rubber layer from the inside to the outside. The ceramic layer is covered on the outer surface of the austenitic steel core, the rubber layer is covered on the outer surface of the ceramic layer, and the rubber layer is on the outer part of the ring gear. The thickness is greater than the thickness of the rest. The ring gear of this scheme adopts austenitic steel core and ceramic layer (patterns or grooves can be formed on the ceramic layer, and the rubber layer can extend into the pattern or groove by embedding to increase the connection with the ceramic layer, and the ceramic layer is in the Before connecting with the rubber layer, the ceramic surface groups are activated by hydrogen flame, etc., so that they can react with the active groups on the surface of the rubber layer, thereby forming a layer of associated transition layer, avoiding the appearance of the two-phase interface, so that it can be connected with the rubber layer. The connection effect is better, and the resistance to impact force or tensile force is improved, thereby greatly improving the stability of the ring gear structure, avoiding deviation or falling off after long-term use, and reducing the chance of falling off due to interface stress ) and the multi-layered material structure with different properties formed by the rubber layer can make comprehensive use of the excellent impact of the austenitic steel core and use it as a matrix to not only make processing more convenient, but also effectively form a transition connection with the ceramic layer , Improve connection solidity and connection quality. At the same time, through the formed austenitic steel core, ceramic layer and rubber layer structure, it can buffer the impact force, shear force and other external forces on the ring gear. The secondary impact buffer attenuation of the ceramic layer can effectively reduce the deformation and damage probability of the steel core, and the steel core is not easy to be corroded by the environment under the multiple protection of the ceramic layer and the rubber layer, so that after long-term use the rubber layer is worn and the ceramic layer is damaged. Let's talk about reuse. The thicker rubber layer on the outer part of the ring gear can increase the volume available for wear, improve the working time of the ring gear, prolong the replacement cycle, and effectively reduce the cost of use.

An improvement of the high anti-stability steering device of a semi-trailer tractor disclosed in the present invention, the steering mechanism also includes a first connecting piece and a second connecting piece, the first connecting piece is arranged on the lower pallet and can move on the lower pallet, and the second connecting piece The connecting piece is set on the ring gear and can move on the ring gear. When the rotation angle of the lower tray is greater than or equal to the maximum rotation angle of the ring gear, the first connecting piece contacts the ring gear and makes the ring gear rotate with the lower tray. The rotation angle of the lower tray is When it is greater than the maximum rotation angle of the ring gear, the first connecting part is separated from the ring gear and the second connecting part is in contact with the upper tray to stop the ring gear from rotating.

An improvement of the high anti-stability steering device of a semi-trailer tractor disclosed in the present invention, a first steering groove and a second steering groove are opened on the top surface of the upper tray, and a first limiting hole is opened on the inner side wall of the upper tray. There is a second limit hole on the inner wall of the ring gear. The upper end of the first connecting piece extends into the first steering groove, and the upper end of the second connecting piece extends into the second steering groove. The rotation angle of the lower tray is greater than or equal to the maximum rotation of the ring gear. angle, the lower end of the first connecting piece is located in the first limiting hole and the ring gear rotates with the lower tray. The lower end extends into the second limiting hole.

An improvement of the high anti-stability steering device of a semi-trailer tractor disclosed in the present invention, the first steering groove includes a first arc-shaped groove, a second arc-shaped groove, and two connecting grooves respectively connecting the first arc-shaped groove and the second arc-shaped groove. The first linear groove, the radius of the first arc-shaped groove is greater than the radius of the second arc-shaped groove, and the second turning groove includes a third arc-shaped groove, a second straight-line groove respectively arranged at both ends of the third arc-shaped groove, and the two second straight grooves respectively connected with the second arc-shaped groove The fourth arc-shaped slot connected by two straight-line slots, when the rotation angle of the lower tray is less than or equal to the maximum rotation angle of the ring gear, the first connecting part moves in the first arc-shaped slot and the second connecting part moves in the third arc-shaped slot , when the rotation angle of the lower tray is greater than the maximum rotation angle of the ring gear, the first connecting piece passes through the first linear slot and moves in the second arc-shaped slot and the first connecting piece exits the first limiting hole, and the second connecting piece passes through the second The two linear holes enter into the fourth arc-shaped groove and the second connecting piece extends into the second limiting hole.

An improvement of the high stability steering device of a semi-trailer tractor disclosed by the present invention, the first receiving hole is radially opened on the lower tray, the first connecting part can move radially in the first receiving hole and make the first connecting part The lower end extends into the second limiting hole, the ring gear is provided with a second receiving hole, the second connecting piece radially moves in the second receiving hole and enables the lower end of the second connecting piece to extend into the first limiting hole.

An improvement of the high anti-stability steering device of the semi-trailer tractor disclosed by the present invention, the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece are both “L” shaped.

An improvement of the high stability steering device of a semi-trailer tractor disclosed by the present invention, the preset angle is the angle between the center line of the first limit hole and the center line of the two second limit holes, and the included angle is 0°- 30°. That is, the included angle between the centerline of the first limiting hole and the centerlines of the two second limiting holes is 0-30°, preferably 30°.

An improvement of the high stability steering device of a semi-trailer tractor disclosed in the present invention, a steering gear is arranged between the wheel of the semi-trailer and the steering mechanism, the steering gear includes a transmission rod, a steering body, and a transverse tie rod, and the two ends of the transmission rod are respectively connected to the gears. One end of the transverse tie rod is connected with the steering body, and the other end is connected with the wheel of the semi-trailer. The transmission rod is engaged with the ring gear to make the wheel of the semi-trailer steer with the tractor.

An improvement of the highly stable steering device of a semi-trailer tractor disclosed by the present invention, the main components of the austenitic steel core are (wt.%): C0.06-0.10%; Si0.8-1.2%; Mn0.8 -1.4%; Ni7-15%; Cr10-20%; N0.15-0.30%; Al1.4-2%, the balance is Fe and other unavoidable impurities. In this scheme, the austenitic steel core can effectively improve the plasticity of the austenitic steel and significantly increase the strength of the steel by adding an appropriate amount of aluminum elements, thereby improving the resistance to shear stress during work, and at the same time The invention can improve the intergranular corrosion resistance of the austenite material, improve the stability of the lattice structure, and have good welding performance and thermal stability.

An improvement of the highly stable steering device of a semi-trailer tractor disclosed by the present invention, the main raw materials of the ceramic layer are (wt.%): Al ₂ O ₃ 50-60%; ZrO ₂ 18-30%; white quartz sand 9 -15% (aggregate); Cr ₂ O ₃ 1.2-1.5%; Kaolin 4.7-8% (plastic material); MgO (solvent) 0.3-1.7%. In this scheme, the main aggregate Al ₂ O ₃ with large particles (average particle size 0.5-1 mm) and the aggregate ZrO ₂ and white quartz sand with small particles (average particle size 100-200 microns) are used to form gradation, not only It is only beneficial to the aggregate frame structure of the components during sintering, and at the same time, it can also take advantage of the characteristics that small particle materials are easier to melt and adsorb to large particle materials, which can reduce the difficulty of sintering and improve the uniformity of material sintering. At the same time, a variety of aggregates are used The composition can also control the cost of raw materials for production, and at the same time, the plastic additive kaolin and the melting additive magnesium oxide are added to improve the sintering performance of the raw materials, so that the surface of the sintered ceramic layer is smoother.

An improvement of the high stability steering device of the semi-trailer tractor disclosed by the invention, the main raw material (wt.%) of the ceramic layer also includes 3-5% of carbon fiber or silicon carbide whisker. In this solution, carbon fibers or silicon carbide whiskers, which account for 3-5% of the total mass of ceramic layer raw materials, can be added to connect grain structures, defect structures or cavities to provide stress attenuation, thereby greatly enhancing the impact resistance of the ceramic layer.

An improvement of the high stability steering device of a semi-trailer tractor disclosed by the present invention, the main components of the rubber layer are (in parts by weight): 100 parts of nitrile rubber; 60-80 parts of styrene-butadiene rubber (plasticity and wear resistance) sex, phenyl association); coupling agent γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane 20-30 parts; plasticizer diethylene glycol monobutyl ether adipate 15-20 parts; reinforcing agent porous silica 20-30 parts; 8-10 parts of 0.3-0.5mm steel fiber; friction aid 2-bromo-8-formyl-5,11-di-n-hexylindole [3,2-b]-carbazole. The rubber layer of this scheme combined with nitrile rubber has excellent oil resistance, high wear resistance, good heat resistance, strong adhesion, and styrene-butadiene rubber has excellent processing properties, product performance, wear resistance, and heat resistance. , anti-aging and vulcanization speed, etc., providing a rubber matrix with excellent properties such as good wear resistance, high temperature resistance and wear resistance. At the same time, through the addition of a large content of porous silica and steel fiber , while improving the strength of the rubber layer, it also greatly improves the wear performance of the rubber layer. At the same time, the silica with a porous structure further enhances the stress attenuation and friction properties of the rubber layer through the entanglement and coupling with the rubber molecular chain. And it has good surface properties with the inner ceramic layer, which makes the structure of the ring gear more stable and has a longer service life.

When the steering angle of the traction wheels is within the maximum steering angle of the semi-trailer wheels, the steering angle of the semi-trailer wheels is the same as that of the traction wheels and in the opposite direction; when the steering angle of the traction wheels is greater than the maximum steering angle of the semi-trailer wheels, The steering angle of the semi-trailer wheels is limited at its maximum steering angle, while the steering angle of the traction wheels can continue to increase, so that the follow-up steering angle of the semi-trailer wheels is controlled within a reasonable range, and the semi-trailer wheels can be Follow up the steering without oversteering, reduce the scope of blind spots, reduce the chance of accidents, and prevent the semi-trailer from drifting or rolling over.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of installation of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view along A-A in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view along B-B in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view along C-C in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 6 is a plan view of a diverter in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a state diagram corresponding to FIG. 6 .

FIG. 8 is another state diagram of FIG. 5 .

FIG. 9 is a state diagram corresponding to FIG. 8 .

Figure 10 Another state diagram of Figure 5.

FIG. 11 is a state diagram corresponding to FIG. 10 .

Fig. 12 is a plan view of a steering shaft in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 1, semi-trailer; 2, tractor; 100, upper tray; 110, side cover; 111, first limit hole; 120, accommodation chamber; 121, first circular track; 122, second circular Track; 130, the first turning groove; 131, the first arc groove; 132, the second arc groove; 133, the first linear groove; 140, the second turning groove; 141, the third arc groove; 142, The fourth arc-shaped groove; 143, the second linear groove; 200, the lower tray; 210, the chassis; 220, the rotating shaft; 221, the first connector; 222, the second connector; 230, the radial depression; 1 accommodating hole; 300 ring gear; 310, second limit hole; 320, second accommodating hole; 400, steering gear; 410, transmission rod; 420, steering body; 430, transverse tie rod.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to the directions in the drawings, and the words "inner" and "outer ” refer to directions towards or away from the geometric center of a particular part, respectively.

The embodiments of the present invention are all based on the driving direction of the semi-trailer tractor, and the direction of the arrow in the accompanying drawings represents the driving direction of the semi-trailer tractor in the present embodiment.

As shown in Figures 1 to 12, a semi-trailer tractor steering device includes an upper pallet 100 connected to the semi-trailer 1 and a lower pallet 200 connected to the tractor 2. The upper pallet 100 and the lower pallet 200 have the same plane shape. is round.

The edge of the lower surface of the upper tray 100 extends downwards to form a side cover 110, and an accommodating cavity 120 is formed between the side cover 110 and the upper tray 100, and two first limiting holes 111 are opened on the inner side wall of the side cover 110. A limit hole 111 is arranged symmetrically with the central axis of the upper tray 100 as the center line, and a first diversion groove 130 and a second diversion groove 140 are provided on the top surface of the upper tray 100. The first diversion groove 130 includes a first arc-shaped groove 131, a second Two arc-shaped grooves 132 and two first linear grooves 133 respectively connecting the two ends of the first arc-shaped groove 131 and the second arc-shaped groove 132, the radius of the first arc-shaped groove 131 is greater than the radius of the second arc-shaped groove 132, so The second turning groove 140 includes a third arc-shaped groove 141, a second linear groove 143 respectively arranged at both ends of the third arc-shaped groove 141, and a fourth arc-shaped groove 142 connected to the two second linear grooves 143 respectively. An end of the linear slot 133 close to the first arc-shaped slot 131 and an end of the second straight slot 143 close to the third arc-shaped slot 141 are located on the same radius line.

The lower tray 200 includes a chassis 210 and a rotating shaft 220 connected to the chassis 210. The diameter of the rotating shaft 220 is smaller than that of the chassis 210 and a radial recess 230 is formed between the rotating shaft 220 and the chassis 210. The entire lower tray 200 is located at the bottom of the upper tray 100. In the accommodating chamber 120, the inner side wall of the side cover 110 is separated from the outer side wall of the chassis 210. Under the action of the side cover 110, dust or other impurities are prevented from entering the upper tray 100 and the lower tray 200, ensuring that the upper tray 100 and the lower tray Clean between the trays 200 , the lower tray 200 is connected to the upper tray 100 and the upper tray 100 and the lower tray 200 can rotate relatively.

A ring gear 300 is arranged between the upper tray 100 and the lower tray 200. The ring gear 300 is coaxial with the upper tray 100 and the lower tray 200 respectively. The ring gear 300 is separated from the lower tray 200 and the lower tray 200 respectively, and a first circular track 121 is formed between the ring gear 300 and the lower tray 200, and a second circular track 121 is formed between the ring gear 300 and the side cover 110. Shaped track 122, a second limiting hole 310 is opened on the inner wall of the ring gear 300, the center line of the second limiting hole 310 coincides with the central axis of the ring gear 300, and the two first limiting holes 111 are relatively to the second limiting hole. The hole 310 is symmetrically arranged, and the outer surface of the ring gear 300 has an external gear. A steering gear 400 for controlling the steering of the semi-trailer wheel is arranged between the ring gear 300 and the wheel of the semi-trailer. The steering gear 400 is engaged with the ring gear 300 .

A first connecting piece 221 that can move radially on the rotating shaft 220 is provided on the rotating shaft 220. The first connecting piece 221 is "L" shaped, and its upper end extends into the first turning groove 130, and its lower end is located in the first circular groove 130. Inside the track 121 and extending into the second limiting hole 310, a second connecting piece 222 capable of radially moving on the ring gear 300 is provided on the ring gear 300. The second connecting piece 222 is "L" shaped, and its upper end Located in the second turning groove 140 , the lower end is located in the second circular track 122 .

When the tractor 2 turns, the lower tray 200 rotates, and the upper end of the first connecting piece 221 moves in the first steering groove 130. Under the restriction of the first connecting piece 221, the ring gear 300 rotates with the lower tray 200, and the second connecting piece The upper end of 222 moves in the second steering groove 140, and the lower end moves in the second circular track 122. When the ring gear 300 rotates, the steering gear 400 drives the wheels of the semi-trailer to turn, thereby realizing the synchronous steering of the semi-trailer 1 and the tractor 2 The steering direction of the semi-trailer 1 and the tractor 2 are opposite and the steering angle is the same. When the first connecting piece 221 enters the first straight groove 133 from the first arc-shaped groove 131, the lower end of the first connecting piece 221 gradually withdraws from the second At the same time, the second connecting piece 222 enters the fourth arc-shaped groove 142 through the second linear groove 143, and the lower end of the second connecting piece 222 gradually enters the first limiting hole 111. At this time, Under the limiting effect of the first limiting hole 111, the second connecting member 222 stops moving, the ring gear 300 cannot continue to rotate in the same direction as the lower tray 200, and the steering angle of the semi-trailer wheel is limited by the two first limiting holes. 111 and the center of the upper tray 100, the first connecting piece 221 breaks away from the ring gear 300, and enters the second arc-shaped groove 132 from the first linear groove 133 and enters the second arc-shaped groove 132. As the movement continues, the steering angle of the traction wheels can continue to increase.

The present invention adopts the above-mentioned structure, and a ring gear 300, a first connecting piece 221 and a second connecting piece 222 are arranged between the upper pallet 100 and the lower pallet 200, and a steering wheel that can control the steering of the semi-trailer wheel is installed between the ring gear 300 and the semi-trailer wheel. The steering gear 400 is in contact with the ring gear 300 through the first connecting piece 221, so that when the lower tray 200 rotates, the ring gear 300 is driven to rotate, so that the semi-trailer wheel and the traction wheel are turned synchronously. When the ring gear 300 rotates to its limited angle, the second The second connecting piece 222 is in contact with the upper pallet 100 and stops the ring gear 300 from rotating, while the first connecting piece 221 is separated from the ring gear 300, the lower pallet 200 can continue to rotate, and the steering direction of the tractor 2 is always greater than that of the semi-trailer 1. Limit the steering angle of the semi-trailer 1 within a certain range, so that the wheels of the semi-trailer can not only steer synchronously with the traction wheels, but also avoid over-steering of the wheels of the semi-trailer, thereby preventing the semi-trailer 1 from tailing seriously or overturning.

Further, the lower tray 200 is radially provided with a first receiving hole 240, the first connecting member 221 is located in the first receiving hole 240 and can move radially in the first receiving hole 240, through the first connecting member 221 in the Moving in the first receiving hole 240 can realize the contact or separation of the first connecting member 221 and the ring gear 300. When the ring gear 300 rotates within the range of the two first limiting holes 111, the first connecting member 221 extends into the second In the limiting hole 310, the lower end of the first connecting piece 221 is inserted into the second limiting hole 310. At this moment, the rotation of the ring gear 300 can make the semi-trailer wheel turn with the traction wheel, and when the ring gear 300 rotates to the first When the limit hole 111, the first connecting piece 221 moves to the rear end of the first receiving hole 240 and exits the second limit hole 310, after the first connecting piece 221 is separated from the ring gear 300, the ring gear 300 is provided with a second Two receiving holes 320, the second connecting member 222 is located in the second receiving hole 320 and moves radially in the second receiving hole 320, and the second connecting member 222 can be moved in the second receiving hole 320 to realize the second connection The part 222 contacts or separates from the ring gear 300, the second connecting part 222 moves in the second receiving hole 320 under the action of the second linear groove 143, the second connecting part 222 enters the first limiting hole 111, and the ring gear 300 No longer continue to rotate, thereby realizing the locking of semi-trailer wheel steering.

Further, the included angle between the centerline of the first limiting hole 111 and the centerlines of the two second limiting holes 310 is 30°, and the included angle between the centerline of the first limiting hole 111 and the centerline of the second limiting hole 310 The rotation angle of the ring gear 300 is determined, and the rotation angle of the ring gear 300 determines the steering angle of the semi-trailer wheel. When the angle between the center line of the first limiting hole 111 and the center line of the two second limiting holes 310 is At 30°, the wheels of the semi-trailer can turn within the range of 30° left and right, and the steering angle is opposite to that of the tractor 2. Since the length of the tractor 2 is different, the difference in the turning radius between the tractor 2 and the semi-trailer 1 is Therefore, the steering range of 30° is determined according to the length of the general semi-trailer tractor 2, and is not the only angle value. When the overall length of the semi-trailer tractor 2 changes according to its model, the second The included angle between the centerline of one limit hole 111 and the centerlines of the two second limit holes 310 can also be other angle values, as long as it is compatible with the length of the semi-trailer tractor 2 .

Further, a steering gear 400 is provided between the wheel of the semi-trailer 1 and the steering mechanism, and the steering gear 400 includes a transmission rod 410, a steering body 420, and a transverse tie rod 430. Both ends of the transmission rod 410 are connected to the ring gear 300 Mesh connection with the steering body 420, one end of the transverse tie rod 430 is connected with the steering body 420, and the other end is connected with the semi-trailer wheel, when the tractor 2 turns to one side, the steering body 420 is controlled by the transmission rod meshing with the ring gear 300 Pull the transverse tie rod 430 on the opposite side to make the wheels of the semi-trailer turn to the side opposite to the traction wheels, so that the semi-trailer 1 and the tractor 2 can turn synchronously.

In the initial state of the present invention, the central axis of the tractor 2 coincides with the semi-trailer 1, and when the tractor 2 turns to one side, the lower tray 200 rotates, and the upper end of the first connecting piece 221 moves in the first arc-shaped groove 131. Under the restriction of the first connecting piece 221, the ring gear 300 rotates with the lower tray 200, the upper end of the second connecting piece 222 moves in the second arc-shaped groove 132, the lower end moves in the second circular track 122, and the ring gear 300 rotates. At the same time, the steering gear 400 drives the semi-trailer wheels to turn in the opposite direction to the traction wheels, so that the semi-trailer 1 turns synchronously with the tractor 2. The steering direction of the semi-trailer 1 and the tractor 2 is opposite and the steering angle is the same. When a connecting piece 221 enters the first linear groove 133 from the first arc-shaped groove 131, the lower end of the first connecting piece 221 gradually withdraws from the second limiting hole 310, and at the same time, the second connecting piece 222 passes through the second linear groove. 143 enters the fourth arc-shaped groove 142, and the lower end of the second connecting piece 222 gradually enters the first limiting hole 111. At this time, under the limiting action of the first limiting hole 111, the second connecting piece 222 stops. move, the ring gear 300 cannot continue to rotate in the same direction as the lower pallet 200, the steering angle of the semi-trailer wheel is limited within the angle range formed by the two first limiting holes 111 and the center of the upper pallet 100, and the first connecting piece 221 breaks away from the ring gear 300, it enters the second arc-shaped groove 132 from the first linear groove 133 and continues to move in the second arc-shaped groove 132, the steering angle of the traction wheel can continue to increase, and the tractor 2 moves to the other When turning sideways, the principle is the same as above.

Through this structure, the synchronous steering of the semi-trailer 1 and the tractor 2 is realized, and the radius difference between the semi-trailer wheel and the traction wheel is reduced, thereby reducing the scope of the blind spot and reducing the probability of accidents. At the same time, the semi-trailer 1 The steering angle of the semi-trailer is limited, which also prevents the wheels of the semi-trailer from oversteering, and avoids serious flicking or rollover of the semi-trailer 1.

Embodiments of the ring gear of the high anti-stability steering device of the semi-trailer tractor disclosed by the present invention are as follows:

The processing of the ring gear in all the technical solutions of the present invention is to first obtain the steel core through conventional process processing, and the steel core is coated with ceramic sintered material after trimming, quenching, degreasing and surface treatment (ceramic sintered material is raw material through grinding, Proportioning, mixing and other process steps) and then fully dried into billets, the surface treatment is to form a large number of pits on the surface of the steel core (such as surface wear or matte treatment), and increase the contact between the surface of the steel core and the ceramic layer. Bonding performance, after the dried billet is sintered, it is directly pressed by laying a rubber layer on the surface of the ceramic layer (such as laminating with a rubber strip or directly wrapping rubber around the sintered steel core with a ceramic layer as the core, and then directly pressing it through the rubber strip. Bonding is easy to control the thickness, while direct pressing is more convenient and efficient in production, which can be selected according to actual needs), and then the finished ring gear can be obtained after vulcanization, trimming, and inspection. The sintered ceramic layer can also activate the surface groups by burning with a hydrogen flame before applying the rubber strip, so that the surface active groups can be linked with the rubber groups.

Example 1

The main components of the austenitic steel core are (wt.%): C0.07%; Si0.9%; Mn1.3%; Ni7%; Cr20%; N0.23%; Al1.6%, the balance is Fe and other unavoidable impurities.

The main raw materials of the ceramic layer are (wt.%): Al ₂ O ₃ 50%; ZrO ₂ 30%; white quartz sand 9%; Cr ₂ O ₃ 1.2%; kaolin 5%; MgO 1.2%.

The main raw material (wt.%) of the ceramic layer also includes silicon carbide whiskers 3%.

The main components of the rubber layer are (in parts by weight): 100 parts of nitrile rubber; 60 parts of styrene-butadiene rubber; 22 parts of coupling agent γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane; plasticizer diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 16 parts of adipate; 22 parts of porous white carbon black as a reinforcing agent; 8 parts of 0.3-0.5mm steel fiber; friction aid 2-bromo-8-formyl-5,11-di-n-hexylindole [3 , 8 parts of 2-b]-carbazole. Styrene-butadiene rubber and nitrile rubber are kneaded with other additives after kneading, and are ready for use after mixing evenly.

After production and processing, the finished ring gear has good elasticity on the surface rubber layer and steel core on the surface. After sampling 1000 pieces in the same batch, the jogging friction service life is more than 1000 hours, the jogging interval is 0.1s, and the friction time per time is 0.05 s, the instantaneous maximum radial pressure is 8MPa, and the wear thickness of the ring gear rubber layer is 20%. After the test, it is disassembled and inspected. There is no crack damage on the ceramic layer and no damage to the steel core.

Example 2

The main components of the austenitic steel core are (wt.%): C0.06%; Si0.8%; Mn1.0%; Ni9%; Cr14%; N0.20%; Al1.4%, the balance is Fe and other unavoidable impurities.

The main raw materials of the ceramic layer are (wt.%): Al ₂ O ₃ 55%; ZrO ₂ 22%; white quartz sand 10%; Cr ₂ O ₃ 1.3%; kaolin 6%; MgO 1.7%.

The main raw material (wt.%) of the ceramic layer also includes silicon carbide whiskers 4%.

The main components of the rubber layer are (in parts by weight): 100 parts of nitrile rubber; 78 parts of styrene-butadiene rubber; 20 parts of coupling agent γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane; plasticizer diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 15 parts of adipate; 25 parts of porous white carbon black as a reinforcing agent; 10 parts of 0.3-0.5mm steel fiber; friction aid 2-bromo-8-formyl-5,11-di-n-hexylindole [3 , 9 parts of 2-b]-carbazole. Styrene-butadiene rubber and nitrile rubber are kneaded with other additives after kneading, and are ready for use after mixing evenly.

After production and processing, the finished ring gear has good elasticity on the surface rubber layer and steel core on the surface. After sampling 1000 pieces in the same batch, the jogging friction service life is more than 1000 hours, the jogging interval is 0.1s, and the friction time per time is 0.05 s, the instantaneous maximum radial pressure is 8MPa, and the wear thickness of the ring gear rubber layer is 20%. After the test, it is disassembled and inspected. There is no crack damage on the ceramic layer and no damage to the steel core.

Example 3

The main components of the austenitic steel core are (wt.%): C0.10%; Si1.05%; Mn0.8%; Ni15%; Cr10%; N0.15%; Al2%, the balance is Fe and others unavoidable impurities.

The main raw materials of the ceramic layer are (wt.%): Al ₂ O ₃ 60%; ZrO ₂ 18%; white quartz sand 10.5%; Cr ₂ O ₃ 1.4%; kaolin 4.7%; MgO 0.3%.

The main raw material (wt.%) of the ceramic layer also includes 5% of carbon fiber.

The main components of the rubber layer are (in parts by weight): 100 parts of nitrile rubber; 80 parts of styrene-butadiene rubber; 25 parts of coupling agent γ-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane; plasticizer diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 18 parts of adipate; 20 parts of porous white carbon black as a reinforcing agent; 9 parts of steel fibers of 0.3-0.5mm; friction aid 2-bromo-8-formyl-5,11-di-n-hexylindole [3 , 10 parts of 2-b]-carbazole. Styrene-butadiene rubber and nitrile rubber are kneaded with other additives after kneading, and are ready for use after mixing evenly.

After production and processing, the finished ring gear has good elasticity on the surface rubber layer and steel core on the surface. After sampling 1000 pieces in the same batch, the jogging friction service life is more than 1000 hours, the jogging interval is 0.1s, and the friction time per time is 0.05 s, the instantaneous maximum radial pressure is 8MPa, and the wear thickness of the ring gear rubber layer is 20%. After the test, it is disassembled and inspected. There is no crack damage on the ceramic layer and no damage to the steel core.

Example 4

The main components of the austenitic steel core are (wt.%): C0.09%; Si1.2%; Mn1.4%; Ni12%; Cr15%; N0.3%; Al1.8%, the balance is Fe and other unavoidable impurities.

The main raw materials of the ceramic layer are (wt.%): Al ₂ O ₃ 51%; ZrO ₂ 20%; white quartz sand 15%; Cr ₂ O ₃ 1.5%; kaolin 8%; MgO 0.75%.

The main raw material (wt.%) of the ceramic layer also includes 3.5% of silicon carbide whiskers.

The main components of the rubber layer are (in parts by weight): 100 parts of nitrile rubber; 72 parts of styrene-butadiene rubber; 30 parts of coupling agent γ-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane; plasticizer diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 17 parts of adipate; 30 parts of porous white carbon black as a reinforcing agent; 8.5 parts of steel fibers of 0.3-0.5mm; friction aid 2-bromo-8-formyl-5,11-di-n-hexylindole [3 , 8.5 parts of 2-b]-carbazole. Styrene-butadiene rubber and nitrile rubber are kneaded with other additives after kneading, and are ready for use after mixing evenly.

After production and processing, the finished ring gear has good elasticity on the surface rubber layer and steel core on the surface. After sampling 1000 pieces in the same batch, the jogging friction service life is more than 1000 hours, the jogging interval is 0.1s, and the friction time per time is 0.05 s, the instantaneous maximum radial pressure is 8MPa, and the wear thickness of the ring gear rubber layer is 20%. After the test, it is disassembled and inspected. There is no crack damage on the ceramic layer and no damage to the steel core.

Example 5

The main components of the austenitic steel core are (wt.%): C0.08%; Si1.1%; Mn0.9%; Ni10%; Cr18%; N0.27%; Al1.9%, the balance is Fe and other unavoidable impurities.

The main raw materials of the ceramic layer are (wt.%): Al ₂ O ₃ 54%; ZrO ₂ 21%; white quartz sand 12%; Cr ₂ O ₃ 1.35%; kaolin 6.5%; MgO 0.75%.

The main raw material (wt.%) of the ceramic layer also includes 4.5% of carbon fiber.

The main components of the rubber layer are (in parts by weight): 100 parts of nitrile rubber; 65 parts of styrene-butadiene rubber; 28 parts of coupling agent γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane; plasticizer diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 20 parts of adipate; 27 parts of porous white carbon black as a reinforcing agent; 9.5 parts of 0.3-0.5mm steel fiber; friction aid 2-bromo-8-formyl-5,11-di-n-hexylindole [3 , 9.5 parts of 2-b]-carbazole. Styrene-butadiene rubber and nitrile rubber are kneaded with other additives after kneading, and are ready for use after mixing evenly.

After production and processing, the finished ring gear has good elasticity on the surface rubber layer and steel core on the surface. After sampling 1000 pieces in the same batch, the jogging friction service life is more than 1000 hours, the jogging interval is 0.1s, and the friction time per time is 0.05 s, the instantaneous maximum radial pressure is 8MPa, and the wear thickness of the ring gear rubber layer is 20%. After the test, it is disassembled and inspected. There is no crack damage on the ceramic layer and no damage to the steel core.

Example 6

The main components of the austenitic steel core are (wt.%): C0.07%; Si0.9%; Mn1.3%; Ni7%; Cr20%; N0.23%; Al1.6%, the balance is Fe and other unavoidable impurities.

The main raw materials of the ceramic layer are (wt.%): Al ₂ O ₃ 53%; ZrO ₂ 30%; white quartz sand 9%; Cr ₂ O ₃ 1.2%; kaolin 5%; MgO 1.2%.

The main components of the rubber layer are (in parts by weight): 100 parts of nitrile rubber; 60 parts of styrene-butadiene rubber; 22 parts of coupling agent γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane; plasticizer diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 16 parts of adipate; 22 parts of porous white carbon black as a reinforcing agent; 8 parts of 0.3-0.5mm steel fiber; friction aid 2-bromo-8-formyl-5,11-di-n-hexylindole [3 , 8 parts of 2-b]-carbazole. Styrene-butadiene rubber and nitrile rubber are kneaded with other additives after kneading, and are ready for use after mixing evenly.

After production and processing, the finished ring gear has good elasticity on the surface rubber layer and steel core on the surface. After sampling 1000 pieces in the same batch, the jogging friction service life is more than 900 hours, the jogging interval is 0.1s, and the friction time is 0.05 times each time. s, the instantaneous maximum radial pressure is 8MPa, and the wear thickness of the ring gear rubber layer is 20%. After the test, it is disassembled and inspected. There is no crack damage on the ceramic layer and no damage to the steel core.

The embodiment here does not exhaust the midpoint value of the technical scope claimed by the present invention, and also falls within the scope of the present invention.

The technical means disclosed in the solution of the present invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above technical means, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features. The above are specific implementations of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also considered Be the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. the steady steering hardware of tractor-truck high resistance, comprise the lower tray be connected with tractor truck and the top tray be connected with superimposed trailer, described lower tray is connected with top tray and top tray and lower tray can relatively rotate, it is characterized in that: described lower tray be provided with the rotatable and steering hardware be connected with semi-mounted wheel between top tray, when lower tray turns in predetermined angle, described steering hardware is connected with lower tray and rotates with lower tray, when lower tray turns to beyond predetermined angle, described steering hardware is separated with lower tray and is connected with top tray;

Described steering hardware comprises gear ring, the first attaching parts and the second attaching parts, described gear ring is arranged between top tray with lower tray and gear ring is connected with superimposed trailer wheel, described gear ring is arranged between top tray with lower tray and gear ring is connected with superimposed trailer wheel, when lower tray rotational angle is less than or equal to gear ring maximum rotation angle, described gear ring rotates with lower tray, when lower tray rotational angle is greater than gear ring maximum rotation angle, described gear ring contacts with top tray and stops operating;

Described gear ring is for be respectively austenite steel core, ceramic layer and rubber layer from inside to outside, described ceramic layer is coated on austenic steel core outer surface, described rubber layer is coated on ceramic layer outside face, and described rubber layer is greater than the thickness of remainder at the thickness of gear ring Outboard Sections.

2. the steady steering hardware of a kind of tractor-truck high resistance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: offer first at top tray end face and turn to groove and second to turn to groove, top tray madial wall offers the first spacing hole, gear ring madial wall offers the second spacing hole, first attaching parts upper end is stretched into first and is turned in groove, described second attaching parts upper end is stretched into second and is turned in groove, when lower tray rotational angle is more than or equal to gear ring maximum rotation angle, first attaching parts lower end is positioned at the first spacing hole and gear ring rotates with lower tray, when lower tray rotational angle is greater than gear ring maximum rotation angle, first attaching parts exits the first spacing hole and the second attaching parts lower end is stretched in the second spacing hole.

3. the steady steering hardware of a kind of tractor-truck high resistance according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described first turns to groove to comprise the first deep-slotted chip breaker, second deep-slotted chip breaker and be communicated with two first straight-line grooves of the first deep-slotted chip breaker and the second deep-slotted chip breaker respectively, first deep-slotted chip breaker radius is greater than the second deep-slotted chip breaker radius, described second turns to groove to comprise the 3rd deep-slotted chip breaker, the second straight-line groove being arranged at the 3rd deep-slotted chip breaker two ends respectively and the 4th deep-slotted chip breaker be connected with two second straight-line grooves respectively, when lower tray rotational angle is less than or equal to gear ring maximum rotation angle, described first attaching parts moves in the first deep-slotted chip breaker and the second attaching parts moves in the 3rd deep-slotted chip breaker, when lower tray rotational angle is greater than gear ring maximum rotation angle, described first attaching parts is through the first straight-line groove and move in the second deep-slotted chip breaker and the first attaching parts exits the first spacing hole, described second attaching parts to enter in the 4th deep-slotted chip breaker and the second attaching parts stretches in the second spacing hole through the second straight hole.

4. the steady steering hardware of a kind of tractor-truck high resistance according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in described lower tray, radial direction offers the first accommodation hole, described first attaching parts can move radially and make the first attaching parts lower end stretch in the second spacing hole in the first accommodation hole, described gear ring offers the second accommodation hole, described second attaching parts moves radially and the second attaching parts lower end can be made to stretch in the first spacing hole in the second accommodation hole.

5. the steady steering hardware of a kind of tractor-truck high resistance according to Claims 2 or 3 or 4, is characterized in that: described first attaching parts and the second attaching parts are " L " shape.

6. the steady steering hardware of a kind of tractor-truck high resistance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the main component of described austenite steel core is (wt.%): C0.06-0.10%; Si0.8-1.2%; Mn0.8-1.4%; Ni7-15%; Cr10-20%; N0.15-0.30%; Al1.4-2%, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity.

7. the steady steering hardware of a kind of tractor-truck high resistance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the primary raw material of described ceramic layer is (wt.%): Al ₂o ₃50-60%; ZrO ₂18-30%; White quartz sand 9-15%; Cr ₂o ₃1.2-1.5%; Kaolin 4.7-8%; MgO0.3-1.7%.

8. the steady steering hardware of a kind of tractor-truck high resistance according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the primary raw material (wt.%) of described ceramic layer also comprises carbon fiber or silicon carbide whisker 3-5%.

9. the steady steering hardware of a kind of tractor-truck high resistance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the main component of described rubber layer is (with weight parts): government rubber 100 parts; Buna-S 60-80 part; Coupling agent γ-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane 20-30 part; Elasticizer diethylene glycol monobutyl ether adipate 15-20 part; Reinforcing agent porous white carbon 20-30 part; Steel fiber 8-10 part of 0.3-0.5mm; Friction auxiliary agent 2-bromo-8-aldehyde radical-5,11-di-n-hexyl indoles [3,2-b]-carbazole 8-10 part.