CN104663398A - Water mist cultivation method for melon vine type vegetables and fruits - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable and fruit cultivation, in particular to a melon vine vegetable and fruit water mist cultivation method, which comprises the following cultivation steps: firstly, seeds are put on the absorbent sponge, warm water is added, and the mixture is put in a dark room for heating cultivation; carrying out floating culture after the seeds sprout, splitting the water-absorbing sponge into a plurality of sponge blocks after the sprouts leave the leaves, placing the sponge blocks in planting holes of a foam plate, arranging an atomizing nozzle on one side of the foam plate, intermittently spraying nutrient solution to the roots of the sprouts by the atomizing nozzle, and recycling redundant nutrient solution through the bottom of the foam plate; after the sprouts grow into vegetable seedlings, applying foliar fertilizer to the vegetable seedlings; respectively implementing once foliar fertilization after blooming, after bearing fruits and after the fruits start to change colors; the invention greatly reduces the planting cost of melon vine vegetables and fruits, improves the growth speed of melon vine vegetables and fruits, and increases the yield of the greenhouse of the same scale by times because of lower cost of the cultivation tool and simple process, thereby having stronger practicability.

Description

Water mist cultivation method of melon and vine vegetables and fruits

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable and fruit cultivation, in particular to a water mist cultivation method for melon and vine fruits and vegetables.

Background technique

Traditional agriculture is a natural production method based on sunlight and soil matrix. The output and quality of products are restricted by the planting area and natural environmental conditions, and it is difficult to meet people's requirements for food quantity and quality.

Greenhouse cultivation gets rid of the restriction of the environment on agricultural production to a certain extent, and people can eat various fruits and vegetables at any time. Greenhouse soilless cultivation technology is a newest cultivation method researched and adopted along with the development of greenhouse production. Soilless cultivation can be roughly divided into two categories: substrate cultivation and substrateless cultivation. Substrate cultivation, that is, the root system of the crop is fixed in the substrate, and the plant absorbs the nutrient solution through the substrate. The main cultivation methods include bag cultivation, rock wool cultivation and nutrient solution film method. Substrate-free cultivation is generally called hydroponics, that is, the root system is in direct contact with the nutrient solution. In the hydroponic system, the more advanced form of nutrient solution supply is the shallow liquid flow supply method, that is, the roots of the plant are located in a relatively shallow place that flows at a certain rate. in the nutrient solution.

Plant factory is a highly specialized and modern facility agriculture developed after greenhouse cultivation. It is different from greenhouse production in that it completely gets rid of the constraints of natural conditions and climate under field production conditions, applies modern advanced technology and equipment, completely controls environmental conditions manually, and provides a balanced supply of agricultural products throughout the year. At present, high-efficiency plant factories have developed rapidly in some developed countries, realizing industrialized production of fruits and vegetables, edible fungi, and precious flowers and trees. One of the most important features of the plant factory is the nutrient solution cultivation technology, but in this cultivation method, the roots of the plants are in the nutrient solution most of the time, which cannot provide a better breathing environment for the plants and directly affects the metabolism rate of the plants.

In addition, although the above-mentioned cultivation methods achieve high-density planting and can increase the yield of products, excessive dense planting will cause a series of problems, such as the need for artificial lighting and high environmental requirements. If the device is installed in an ordinary greenhouse environment , there will be various diseases and insect pests, if it is set up in a sterile environment, the production cost will be greatly increased. Therefore, the fruits and vegetables grown by the current plant factory system are only suitable for high-end consumer groups, and ordinary consumers cannot enjoy the fruits and vegetables grown by the plant factory system.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a low-cost, small-occupied, green and harmless water mist cultivation method for melon and vine vegetables and fruits that can greatly increase yield.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A water mist cultivation method for melons and vines vegetables and fruits, comprising the following cultivation steps:

A, sowing, put the seeds on the water-absorbing sponge, add warm water and put it in the darkroom to heat and cultivate. The temperature of the darkroom seedling cultivation is 40-50 degrees, and the seedling cultivation time is 5-6 days;

B. After the seeds germinate, move the water-absorbing sponge with seeds into the floating seedling pond for floating cultivation. The time for floating seedlings is 5 to 6 days, the lighting time is 16 to 20 hours per day, and the light off time is 4 to 8 Hour;

C. After the sprout leaves, split the water-absorbing sponge with sprout into multiple sponge blocks, and place the sponge block with sprout in the planting hole of the foam board, and set the fog on one side of the foam board The atomization nozzle, the atomization nozzle intermittently sprays the nutrient solution to the roots of the young shoots, and the excess nutrient solution is recycled through the bottom of the foam board and reused;

D. After planting on the foam board for 6 to 8 days, the sprouts grow into vegetable seedlings, and foliage fertilization is carried out on the vegetable seedlings;

E. Implement a foliar fertilization after the melon and vine fruits and vegetables bloom;

F, implement a foliar fertilization after the melons and vines fruits and vegetables bear fruit;

G. Implement a foliar fertilization after the fruits of melons and vines begin to change color.

Preferably, the water-absorbing sponge is provided with multiple horizontal and vertical tearing lines, and the multiple tearing lines divide the water-absorbing sponge into a plurality of tearable and separable sponge blocks, and each sponge block is embedded with a seed .

Preferably, the planting holes on the foam board are arranged in an array, the distance between two adjacent planting holes is 8-10 cm, and the inclination angle between the foam board and the ground is 0°-30°.

Preferably, after the step D, a natural bactericide is added to the nutrient solution every 7-8 days, and the natural bactericide is nano-silver.

Preferably, after the step D, an insect pest control agent is added to the nutrient solution every 7 to 8 days, and the insect pest control agent is a traditional Chinese medicine extraction control material.

Preferably, the warm water in step A contains natural medium.

Preferably, it also includes a fertilizer bucket for storing the nutrient solution and a self-priming pump for delivering the nutrient solution to the atomizing nozzle, and the recovered excess nutrient solution is filtered by a filter sponge and then returned to the fertilizer bucket.

Preferably, in the step B, the supplementary lighting time is 18 hours a day, and the light-off time is 6 hours a day;

In the step D, after planting on the foam board for 7 days, the sprouts grow into vegetable seedlings, and foliar fertilization is carried out on the vegetable seedlings, and the fertilizer for foliar fertilization is amino acid;

In the steps E, F and G, the fertilizer for foliar application is one or a mixture of seaweed extract and nano-calcium magnesium.

Preferably, after the step D, a natural fungicide is added to the nutrient solution every 6-8 days, and the natural fungicide is nano silver;

After the step D, an insect pest control agent is added to the nutrient solution every 6-8 days, and the insect pest control agent is a traditional Chinese medicine extraction control material.

Preferably, the vine fruits and vegetables are luffa, tomato, cucumber, cucumber, bitter gourd, beans or strawberries.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the present invention provides a water mist cultivation method of melons and vines, and the water mist cultivation method of the present invention greatly reduces the cost of melons and vines because of its low cost of cultivation tools and simple procedures. The cost of planting fruits and vegetables has increased the growth rate of melons and vines, and the harvest can be done in about 30 days, and the harvest can last up to 240 days, and the output of greenhouses of the same scale has been doubled.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a foam board according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an unteared absorbent sponge according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings, and the contents mentioned in the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

Embodiment one.

In the first embodiment of the water mist cultivation method of melon and vine vegetables and fruits, the melon and vine vegetables and fruits are sponge gourds, comprising the following cultivation steps:

A, sowing, put seeds on the water-absorbing sponge earlier, add warm water and put it into the darkroom to heat and cultivate, the temperature of darkroom seedling cultivation is 40-45 degrees, and the time of seedling cultivation is 5 days, and the warm water contains natural culture medium;

After the dry seeds are placed in the absorbent sponge, the water is heated to the neutron breaking temperature of all plants, and the natural medium is added to quickly convert the starch in the seeds into the nutrients required by the plant embryo, and the dry seeds germinate faster.

B, after the seeds germinate, move the water-absorbing sponge with the seeds into the floating nursery pond for floating culture. The time for floating seedlings is 6 days, the lighting time is 16 hours every day, and the light-off time is 8 hours every day;

Not only can it effectively speed up the growth of vegetable and fruit sprouts, adding root-opening nutrient solution to the floating seedling pond can make the vegetable and fruit sprouts quickly root. seedlings.

C. After the sprout leaves, split the water-absorbing sponge 4 with the sprout into a plurality of sponge blocks 6, as shown in Figure 2, and place the sponge block 6 with the sprout in the planting hole 3 of the foam board 1 , as shown in Figure 1, an atomizing nozzle 2 is set on one side of the foam board 1, and the atomizing nozzle 2 intermittently sprays the nutrient solution to the root of the young shoots, and the excess nutrient solution is recycled after being recovered from the bottom of the foam board 1 Utilization reduces the cost of planting;

In this embodiment, a fertilizer tank for storing the nutrient solution and a self-priming pump for delivering the nutrient solution to the atomizing nozzle 2 are also included, and the recovered excess nutrient solution is filtered by a filter sponge and then returned to the fertilizer tank.

During the reflux process of the nutrient solution, it is centrifugally filtered through the filter sponge, which can effectively remove the rotting residue and sponge desquamation, and then the water molecules are miniaturized by the small molecule water machine, and then collected into the fertilizer bucket, and the rest of the water is left at the bottom. Part of it is recovered to achieve internal antibacterial and antibacterial effects to reduce the growth of algae and moss; more importantly, when spraying water droplets, small molecule water can carry more oxygen for plants to absorb, which is conducive to the oxygen growth of plants.

D, after planting on the foam board 1 for 8 days, the sprouts grow into vegetable seedlings, and the sprouts grow into vegetable seedlings by foliar fertilization, and the vegetable seedlings are foliarly fertilized, and the fertilizer for foliage fertilization is the special amino group for leafy vegetables acid fertilizer;

E. Implement a foliar fertilization after the melon and vine fruits and vegetables bloom;

F, implement a foliar fertilization after the melons and vines fruits and vegetables bear fruit;

G, implement a foliage fertilization after the fruit of melon and vine vegetables and fruits begins to change color;

In the steps E, F and G, the fertilizer for foliar application is one or a mixture of seaweed extract and nano-calcium magnesium.

In this embodiment, the water-absorbent sponge 4 is provided with a plurality of tear lines 5 arranged horizontally and vertically, and the plurality of tear lines 5 divide the water-absorbent sponge 4 into a plurality of sponge blocks 6, and each sponge block 6 is embedded There is a seed. Due to the setting of the tearing line 5, after the sprout leaves, the water-absorbing sponge 4 can be easily torn and separated into individual sponge blocks 6 with bare hands, which is less difficult to disassemble and has strong operability.

In this embodiment, the planting holes 3 on the foam board 1 are arranged in an array, and the distance between two adjacent planting holes 3 is 8 cm, which can not only ensure the space utilization rate on the foam board 1, but also ensure that the plants have sufficient The growing space, the inclination angle between the foam board and the ground is 0°, that is, the foam board is fixed horizontally, which can increase the output of the greenhouse of the same scale, and the economic benefit is higher.

In this embodiment, after step D, a natural fungicide is added to the nutrient solution every 7 days, and the natural fungicide is nano silver.

In this embodiment, after the step D, an insect pest control agent is added to the nutrient solution every 8 days, and the insect pest control agent is a traditional Chinese medicine extraction control material.

Adopting the water mist cultivation method of the present invention greatly reduces the planting cost of melon and vine vegetables and fruits because of the low cost of cultivation tools and simple process, improves the growth speed of melon and vine vegetables and fruits, and can harvest fruits in about 30 days , and the harvest time can last up to 240 days, and the output of a greenhouse of the same scale has been doubled.

Embodiment two.

In a second embodiment of the water mist cultivation method of melon and vine vegetables and fruits, the melon and vine vegetables and fruits are tomatoes, comprising the following cultivation steps:

A, sowing, put seeds on the water-absorbing sponge earlier, add warm water and put it into the darkroom to heat and cultivate, the temperature of darkroom seedling cultivation is 45～50 degrees, and the time of seedling cultivation is 6 days, and this warm water contains natural culture medium;

After the dry seeds are placed in the absorbent sponge, the water is heated to the neutron breaking temperature of all plants, and the natural medium is added to quickly convert the starch in the seeds into the nutrients required by the plant embryo, and the dry seeds germinate faster.

B. After the seeds germinate, move the water-absorbing sponge with the seeds into the floating nursery pond for floating culture. The time for floating seedlings is 5 days, the lighting time is 20 hours every day, and the light-off time is 4 hours every day;

Not only can it effectively speed up the growth of vegetable and fruit sprouts, adding root-opening nutrient solution to the floating seedling pond can make the vegetable and fruit sprouts quickly root. seedlings.

C. After the sprout leaves, split the water-absorbing sponge with sprout into multiple sponge blocks, and place the sponge block with sprout in the planting hole of the foam board, and set the fog on one side of the foam board The atomization nozzle, the atomization nozzle intermittently sprays the nutrient solution to the roots of the young shoots, and the excess nutrient solution is recycled through the bottom of the foam board and reused, reducing the planting cost;

In this embodiment, a fertilizer bucket for storing the nutrient solution and a self-priming pump for delivering the nutrient solution to the atomizing nozzle are also included, and the recovered excess nutrient solution is filtered by a filter sponge and then returned to the fertilizer bucket.

During the reflux process of the nutrient solution, it is centrifugally filtered by the filter sponge, which can effectively remove the rotting residue and sponge desquamation at the root, and then the water molecules are miniaturized by the small molecule water machine and collected into the fertilizer bucket. More importantly, when spraying water droplets , small molecules of water can carry more oxygen for plants to absorb, so as to facilitate the growth of plants with oxygen.

D. After planting on the foam board for 6 days, the young shoots grow into vegetable seedlings, and the vegetable seedlings are foliarly fertilized, and the young shoots grow into vegetable seedlings, and the vegetable seedlings are foliarly fertilized, and the fertilizer for foliage fertilization is the special amino acid for leafy vegetables fertilizer;

E. Implement a foliar fertilization after the melon and vine fruits and vegetables bloom;

F, implement a foliar fertilization after the melons and vines fruits and vegetables bear fruit;

G, implement a foliage fertilization after the fruit of melon and vine vegetables and fruits begins to change color;

In the steps E, F and G, the fertilizer for foliar application is one or a mixture of seaweed extract and nano-calcium magnesium.

In this embodiment, the water-absorbent sponge is provided with a plurality of tear lines arranged horizontally and vertically, and the multiple tear lines divide the water-absorbent sponge into a plurality of tearable and separable sponge blocks, and each sponge block is embedded with a seeds. Due to the setting of the tearing line, after the sprout leaves, the water-absorbing sponge can be easily torn and separated into individual sponge blocks with bare hands, which is less difficult to disassemble and has strong operability.

In this embodiment, the array of planting holes on the foam board is arranged, the distance between two adjacent planting holes is 10 cm, and the inclination angle between the foam board and the ground is 10°, that is, the foam board is fixed horizontally, which can improve the same The output of large-scale greenhouses has higher economic benefits; and it can also be set up as a vegetable and fruit cultivation base with a certain landscape value, which is more practical.

In this embodiment, after the step D, a natural fungicide is added to the nutrient solution every 8 days, and the natural fungicide is nano silver.

In this embodiment, after the step D, a pest control agent is added to the nutrient solution every 7 days, and the pest control agent is a traditional Chinese medicine extraction control material.

Adopting the water mist cultivation method of the present invention greatly reduces the planting cost of melons and vines vegetables and fruits because of the low cost of cultivation tools and simple procedures, improves the growth speed of melons and vines vegetables and fruits, and can harvest fruits in about 30 days , and the harvest time can last up to 240 days, and the output of a greenhouse of the same scale has been doubled.

Embodiment three.

In a third embodiment of the water mist cultivation method of melon and vine vegetables and fruits, the melon and vine vegetables and fruits are strawberries, comprising the following cultivation steps:

A, sowing, put seeds on the water-absorbing sponge earlier, add warm water and put it into the darkroom to heat and cultivate, the temperature of darkroom seedling cultivation is 44～46 degrees, the seedling time is 5.5 days, and this warm water contains natural culture medium;

After the dry seeds are placed in the absorbent sponge, the water is heated to the neutron breaking temperature of all plants, and the natural medium is added to quickly convert the starch in the seeds into the nutrients required by the plant embryo, and the dry seeds germinate faster.

B, after the seeds germinate, move the water-absorbing sponge with the seeds into the floating nursery pond for floating culture. The time for floating seedlings is 5.5 days, the light supplementary time is 18 hours every day, and the light-off time is 6 hours every day;

Not only can it effectively speed up the growth of vegetable and fruit sprouts, adding root-opening nutrient solution to the floating seedling pond can make the vegetable and fruit sprouts quickly root. seedlings.

C. After the sprout leaves, split the water-absorbing sponge with sprout into multiple sponge blocks, and place the sponge block with sprout in the planting hole of the foam board, and set the fog on one side of the foam board The atomization nozzle, the atomization nozzle intermittently sprays the nutrient solution to the roots of the young shoots, and the excess nutrient solution is recycled through the bottom of the foam board and reused, reducing the planting cost;

In this embodiment, a fertilizer bucket for storing the nutrient solution and a self-priming pump for delivering the nutrient solution to the atomizing nozzle are also included, and the recovered excess nutrient solution is filtered by a filter sponge and then returned to the fertilizer bucket.

During the reflux process of the nutrient solution, it is centrifugally filtered by the filter sponge, which can effectively remove the rotting residue and sponge desquamation at the root, and then the water molecules are miniaturized by the small molecule water machine and collected into the fertilizer bucket. More importantly, when spraying water droplets , small molecules of water can carry more oxygen for plants to absorb, so as to facilitate the growth of plants with oxygen.

D. After planting on the foam board for 7 days, the young shoots grow into vegetable seedlings, and the vegetable seedlings are foliarly fertilized, and the young shoots grow into vegetable seedlings, and the vegetable seedlings are foliarly fertilized, and the fertilizer for foliage fertilization is the special amino acid for leafy vegetables fertilizer;

E. Implement a foliar fertilization after the melon and vine fruits and vegetables bloom;

F, implement a foliar fertilization after the melons and vines fruits and vegetables bear fruit;

G, implement a foliage fertilization after the fruit of melon and vine vegetables and fruits begins to change color;

In the steps E, F and G, the fertilizer for foliar application is one or a mixture of seaweed extract and nano-calcium magnesium.

In this embodiment, the water-absorbent sponge is provided with a plurality of tear lines arranged horizontally and vertically, and the multiple tear lines divide the water-absorbent sponge into a plurality of tearable and separable sponge blocks, and each sponge block is embedded with a seeds. Due to the setting of the tearing line, after the sprout leaves, the water-absorbing sponge can be easily torn and separated into individual sponge blocks with bare hands, which is less difficult to disassemble and has strong operability.

In this embodiment, the planting holes on the foam board are arranged in an array, the distance between two adjacent planting holes is 9 cm, and the inclination angle between the foam board and the ground is 20°. It can greatly reduce the floor area of the foam board, increase the number of foam boards arranged in the factory building, and then increase the output of the same-scale greenhouse, and the economic benefit is higher.

In this embodiment, after step D, a natural fungicide is added to the nutrient solution every 7 days, and the natural fungicide is nano silver.

In this embodiment, after the step D, a pest control agent is added to the nutrient solution every 7 days, and the pest control agent is a traditional Chinese medicine extraction control material.

Adopting the water mist cultivation method of the present invention greatly reduces the planting cost of melon and vine vegetables and fruits because of the low cost of cultivation tools and simple process, improves the growth speed of melon and vine vegetables and fruits, and can harvest fruits in about 30 days , and the harvest time can last up to 240 days, the output of a greenhouse of the same scale has been doubled, and the output can reach 2 to 3 times that of a greenhouse of the same scale, and the economic benefit is higher.

The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred implementation solutions of the present invention. In addition, the present invention can also be realized in other ways, and any obvious replacements are within the scope of protection of the present invention without departing from the concept of the technical solution.

Claims (10)

1. melon and vine class vegetable and fruit water mist cultivation method is characterized in that comprising following cultivation steps: A, sowing, put the seeds on the water-absorbing sponge, add warm water and put it in the darkroom to heat and cultivate. The temperature of the darkroom seedling cultivation is 40-50 degrees, and the seedling cultivation time is 5-6 days; B. After the seeds germinate, move the water-absorbing sponge with seeds into the floating seedling pond for floating cultivation. The time for floating seedlings is 5 to 6 days, the lighting time is 16 to 20 hours per day, and the light off time is 4 to 8 Hour; C. After the sprout leaves, split the water-absorbing sponge with sprout into multiple sponge blocks, and place the sponge block with sprout in the planting hole of the foam board, and set the fog on one side of the foam board The atomization nozzle, the atomization nozzle intermittently sprays the nutrient solution to the roots of the young shoots, and the excess nutrient solution is recycled through the bottom of the foam board and reused; D. After planting on the foam board for 6 to 8 days, the sprouts grow into vegetable seedlings, and foliage fertilization is carried out on the vegetable seedlings; E. Implement a foliar fertilization after the melon and vine fruits and vegetables bloom; F, implement a foliar fertilization after the melons and vines fruits and vegetables bear fruit; G. Implement a foliar fertilization after the fruits of melons and vines begin to change color. 2. The method for water mist cultivation of melons and vines vegetables and fruits according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing sponge is provided with a plurality of horizontally and vertically arranged tearing lines, and the plurality of tearing lines divide the water-absorbing sponge into Multiple tear-away sponge blocks, each with a seed embedded in it. 3. The water mist cultivation method for melon and vine vegetables and fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: the planting holes on the foam board are arranged in an array, the distance between two adjacent planting holes is 8-10 cm, and the distance between the foam board and the planting holes is 8-10 cm. The inclination angle between the ground is 0°～30°. 4. The water mist cultivation method for melons and vines vegetables and fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the step D, a natural fungicide is added to the nutrient solution every 7 to 8 days, and the natural fungicide is nano-silver . 5. The water mist cultivation method for melons and vines vegetables and fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the step D, an insect pest control agent is added to the nutrient solution every 7 to 8 days, and the insect pest control agent is extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Control materials. 6. The water mist cultivation method for melons and vines vegetables and fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: the warm water in the step A contains natural culture medium. 7. The water mist cultivation method for melons and vines vegetables and fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: it also includes a fertilizer tank for storing nutrient solution and a self-priming pump for delivering nutrient solution to the atomizing nozzle, The recovered excess nutrient solution is recovered into the fertilizer bucket after being filtered by the filter sponge. 8. The water mist cultivation method for melons and vines vegetables and fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step B, the lighting time is 18 hours a day, and the light-off time is 6 hours a day; In the step D, after planting on the foam board for 7 days, the sprouts grow into vegetable seedlings, and foliar fertilization is carried out on the vegetable seedlings, and the fertilizer for foliar fertilization is amino acid; In the steps E, F and G, the fertilizer for foliar application is one or a mixture of seaweed extract and nano-calcium magnesium. 9. The water mist cultivation method for melons and vines vegetables and fruits according to claim 8, characterized in that: after the step D, a natural fungicide is added to the nutrient solution every 7 to 8 days, and the natural fungicide is nano-silver ; After step D, an insect pest control agent is added to the nutrient solution every 7 to 8 days, and the insect pest control agent is a traditional Chinese medicine extraction control material. 10. The water mist cultivation method for melon and vine vegetables and fruits according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the melon and vine vegetables and fruits are loofah, tomato, cucumber, cucumber, bitter gourd, beans or strawberries.