CN104661607A - 脊柱系统和成套部件 - Google Patents
脊柱系统和成套部件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104661607A CN104661607A CN201380049083.7A CN201380049083A CN104661607A CN 104661607 A CN104661607 A CN 104661607A CN 201380049083 A CN201380049083 A CN 201380049083A CN 104661607 A CN104661607 A CN 104661607A
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Abstract
脊柱系统可包括杆、一个或多个螺钉以及用于使该一个或多个螺钉连接至杆的一个或多个螺旋式连接器,所有这些单独地或主要地由复合材料制成。
Description
背景
脊柱融合术是用于治疗脊柱病变的常见手术。通常,金属植入体,例如内椎弓根螺钉(intra-pedicular screw)、钩或杆用于此目的。然而,甚至在大手术之后,约20%至30%的患者被报道手术失败。
此失败的原因是未知的。当前的成像技术不足以揭示该失败的原因。由于靠近病变(神经、盘(disc)、关节等)定位的金属植入体的掩蔽效应,计算机断层扫描(CT)成像可能并不总是给出关注区域的良好的可视化。由于患者的身体中靠近病变的成像的金属植入体周围的人工制品的存在,使用核磁共振成像(MRI)可能是不适当的。此外,用于评估例如肿瘤学情况下的肿瘤扩展、恶化或者评估骨融合的手术跟踪也被存在于各种成像技术中的金属人工制品阻碍。因此,脊柱外科医生可能不得不进行第二次手术或第三次手术,以便移除金属植入体,获得病理的较好图像,以便确定失败原因并且选定适当的治疗。
此问题可能的解决方案是使用由复合材料而不是金属植入体制成的植入体。复合材料植入体,比如碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮(PEEK)植入体不干扰成像技术,并且允许为评估术后状况需要的清晰视界。此外,复合材料具有比金属植入体更好的弹性,并且可适于各个患者的个别状况和病理。由于复合材料的弹性与骨的弹性的相似性,应力遮挡现象不太可能发生,这可导致植入体和骨较少的应力性骨折和螺钉较少的松弛。因此,在某些情况下,骨移植物在动态杆使用中,比如在脊柱固定模式中可能不是必需的。
复合碳聚合物材料非常坚固(例如,碳纤维在承受张力上比钛合金强约五倍),并且通常被用于飞机制造工业中。此外,这些材料也已经被用于脊柱手术(例如,碳PEEK融合器(cage))中。最近,建议制作用于复合材料的脊柱融合术的内椎弓根螺钉、钩以及加强的杆(WO2011/111048)。
发明概述
因此,根据本发明的实施方案,提供一种脊柱系统。该系统可包括杆,一个或多个螺钉;以及一个或多个螺旋式连接器,其用于使该一个或多个螺钉连接至杆,所有这些单独地或主要地由复合材料制成。
此外,根据本发明的一些实施方案,复合材料可选自由以下组成的复合材料的组:碳聚合物复合材料、PEEK、由在PEEK中嵌入按体积计的约60%的碳纤维、按体积计的60%-65%的碳纤维增强的PEEK。
此外,根据本发明的一些实施方案,杆可包括两个相对端部并且在两个相对端部中的至少一个端部上包括球茎状的头部。
此外,根据本发明的一些实施方案,杆在两个相对端部上均可包括球茎状的头部。
此外,根据本发明的一些实施方案,各个螺钉可包括管道,管道用于将螺钉安装在导丝上,以将该螺钉引导至目标植入位置。
此外,根据本发明的一些实施方案,各个螺旋式连接器与该一个或多个螺钉中的螺钉可以是成一体的。
此外,根据本发明的一些实施方案,各个螺旋式连接器与杆可以是成一体的。
此外,根据本发明的一些实施方案,各个螺旋式连接器可包括主体和螺旋盖,主体具有孔以允许杆的一部分穿过孔插入;螺旋盖与该螺旋式连接器接合,以便使该螺旋式连接器固定至杆。
此外,根据本发明的一些实施方案,系统还可包括扣珠(fastener bead),螺旋式连接器可安装且固定在扣珠上。
此外,根据本发明的一些实施方案,各个扣珠的可包括球形主体、穿过主体的孔,以及狭缝,该狭缝横跨以当安装在杆上时促进珠的柔韧性。
此外,根据本发明的一些实施方案,该系统还可包括加热装置,该加热装置用于加热杆,以便允许使其弯曲成期望的形状。
此外,根据本发明的一些实施方案,加热装置可包括夹钳,夹钳用于夹紧杆的待加热的部分。
此外,根据本发明的一些实施方案,提供脊柱系统成套部件。成套部件可包括:多个杆;多个螺钉;以及各自用于使该多个螺钉中的螺钉连接至杆的多个螺旋式连接器,所有这些单独地或主要地由复合材料制成。
此外,根据本发明的一些实施方案,成套部件还可包括多个扣珠,该多个螺旋式连接器中的每一个被安装且固定在该多个扣珠上。
此外,根据本发明的一些实施方案,
附图简述
在本说明书中的结尾部分中清晰地要求了被认为是本发明的主题。然而,当与附图一起阅读时,通过参考以下详细的描述,可最好地理解本发明,关于操作的组织和方法两者,连同其目的、特征和优点,在附图中:
图1A是根据本发明的一个实施方案的特别适合于充当内椎弓根螺钉的螺钉的成一定角度放置的(angled)视图;
图1B是图1A中示出的螺钉的剖视图;
图2A示出了根据本发明的一个实施方案的具有两个端部螺钉的脊柱系统固定组件;
图2B示出了图2A中示出的固定组件的固定杆;
图3A示出了根据本发明的一个实施方案的具有一个端部螺钉和两个中间螺钉的脊柱系统固定组件;
图3B示出了图3A中示出的脊柱系统固定组件的剖视图;
图3C示出了图3A中示出的脊柱系统固定组件的连杆;
图3D示出了图3A中示出的脊柱系统固定组件的扣珠;
图3E示出了具有数个扣珠的图3A中示出的脊柱系统固定组件的连杆;
图4A示出了根据本发明的实施方案的用于脊柱系统固定组件中的连杆;
图4B示出了根据本发明的实施方案的具有两个端部螺钉的脊柱系统固定组件;
图4C是图4B中示出的脊柱系统固定组件的剖视图;
图5A是根据本发明的其他实施方案的特别适合于充当内椎弓根螺钉的螺钉的成一定角度放置的视图。
图5B是图5A中示出的螺钉的侧视图;
图5C是图5A中示出的螺钉的剖视图;
图6是根据本发明的一个实施方案的用于将螺钉连接至脊柱系统固定组件的杆的螺旋式连接器的成一定角度放置的视图。
图7A示出了根据本发明的一个实施方案的加热装置,其用于加热脊柱系统固定组件的杆,以允许杆再成形。
图7B是图7A中示出的加热装置的功能端的剖视图;以及
图7C是根据本发明的一个实施方案的用于加热脊柱系统固定组件的杆以允许使杆再成形的加热装置的示意图。
应理解的是,为了说明的简洁和清晰起见,图中示出的元件不一定按比例绘制。例如,为清晰起见,某些元件的尺寸可相对于其它元件夸大。此外,在认为适当的情况下,图中的参考数字可重复以指示相应或类似元件。
详述
在以下详细描述中,说明了许多具体细节以提供本发明的透彻理解。然而,本领域普通技术人员将理解,可在没有这些具体细节的情况下实施本发明。在其他实例中,未详细描述众所周知的方法、程序、部件和电路,以免使本发明模糊不清。
尽管本发明的实施方案不限于这一点,但如本文使用的术语“多个(plurality)”和“多个(a plurality of)”可包括例如“多个(multiple)”或“一个或更多个”。术语“多个(plurality)”或“多个(a plurality of)”可贯穿本说明书使用,以描述两个或更多个部件、装置、元件、单元、参数、诸如此类。除非明确规定,本文描述的本发明的方法实施方案不受限于特定顺序或次序。此外,本发明的一些所描述的方法实施方案或本发明的元件可在相同的时间点发生或进行。
骨科手术需要数次使用脊柱系统,该脊柱系统本质上是固定组件,该固定组件包括内椎弓根螺钉以及螺钉附接至其上的杆。杆设计成为固定组件提供适当的支撑和定位。
根据本发明的实施方案,用于脊柱的,用于手术比如脊柱融合术的可植入的装置,包括(但不限于)螺钉,比如内椎弓根螺钉、钩、杯、板、杆以及用于杆的锁定装置,可由复合材料比如碳聚合物复合材料制成。该碳聚合物复合材料可包括通常使用按体积计的约60%碳纤维增强PEEK。例如,该复合材料可包括嵌入在PEEK中的按体积计的60%-65%的碳纤维。在复合材料中的高百分比的碳纤维可提供具有沿着纵向(纤维)方向的高强度和刚度的复合材料。可控制纤维的定向以确保在期望的方向上的最大抗张强度和抗压强度。在其他实施方案中,PEEK可被类似的聚合物,比如,例如PEKK(聚醚酮酮)或PAEK(聚芳醚酮)替换。
本发明的一个方面是提供一种脊柱系统,其具有新颖设计且单独地或主要地由复合材料比如碳聚合物复合材料制成。脊柱系统包括内椎弓根螺钉、一个或多个连杆、以及螺旋式连接器,螺旋式连接器用于使螺钉与杆接合,以形成固定装置。
该脊柱系统可用于各种骨科手术中,比如,例如,压缩、撑开(distraction)和复位(reduction)。
现在参考附图。
图1A是根据本发明的一个实施方案的特别适合于充当内椎弓根螺钉的螺钉100的成一定角度放置的视图。图1B是图1A中示出的螺钉100的剖视图。
螺钉100可包括螺钉头部106和螺钉主体102,在螺钉主体102上设置螺纹104。例如,螺钉可由碳PEEK、纵向碳纤维(例如某些按体积计的60%的碳纤维)制作。螺钉可以各种大小和直径设置,其中各种螺距和高度的螺纹满足多种需要和情况。螺钉头部可设计为接合任何特定的螺丝刀,比如,例如,Allen、Torx等。螺钉头部可包括侧孔或球状凹穴(ball-shapedsocket)。
管道110可在螺钉100内横跨其全长设置,以允许将螺钉安装在导丝上并且在手术例如微创手术(minimally-invasive procedure)期间使螺钉前进至其目标。例如,管道可被设计为容纳具有计量1mm、1.2mm、1.5mm或1.8mm的直径的基尔希纳式丝(k-wire)。
缺口108可设置在螺钉头部上以容纳螺丝刀的匹配尖端,以便于把螺钉拧到其植入目标(例如,椎弓根)中。
图2A示出了根据本发明的一个实施方案的具有两个端部螺钉的脊柱系统固定组件200。脊柱系统固定组件200可包括杆203,其在任一端部上具有呈接受器202形式的螺旋式连接器,该螺旋式连接器界定凹穴204,内椎弓根螺钉100a、100b中的每一个螺钉的头部可插入且固定地容纳在凹穴204中。
杆203可以多种大小和长度设置。在本发明的一些实施方案中,可设置脊柱系统成套部件,其包括多个螺钉100a、100b以及可具有各种长度、大小和形状的多个杆023。在一些实施方案中,可控制杆的形状(例如-见参考图7A-7C的下文说明)。
图2B示出了图2A中示出的固定组件200的固定杆。接受器202的凹穴204可被设计为在咬合手术(snap-in operation)中容纳螺钉的头部,以便牢固保持螺钉头部。可采用其他固定机构,比如,例如,保持盖、保持环、保持螺钉等。
图3A示出了根据本发明的一个实施方案具有一个端部螺钉302c和两个中间螺钉302a、302b的脊柱系统固定组件300。螺钉302a、302b和302c全都由杆304支撑且固定在预定位置中。螺钉302a、302b和302c各自分别具有螺钉插入其中并且从其伸出的螺旋式连接器306a、306b和306c。每一个连接器分别具有孔307a、307b和307c以及螺旋盖308a、308b和308c,孔307a、307b和307c分别延伸横跨连接器,以用于容纳杆304;螺旋盖308a、308b和308c用来与该螺旋式连接器接合,以便使每个螺旋式连接器沿着杆在期望的位置中固定至杆。分别设置在螺旋盖308a、308b和308c上的特定缺口310a、310b和310c设计为适合匹配的螺丝刀,以允许方便地把螺旋盖拧到螺旋式连接器上以及把螺旋盖从螺旋式连接器上拧下。
图3B示出了图3A中所示的脊柱系统固定组件300的剖视图。每个螺钉302a、302b和302c分别插入并穿过螺旋式连接器306a、306b和306c中的一个的开口334a、334b和334c,每个螺钉302a、302b和302c在其顶部上分别具有凹形接触表面301a、301b和301c,其分别匹配扣珠316a、316b和球茎状的头部314的凸形外接触表面。螺旋盖308a、308b和308c也具有凹形接触表面,其分别匹配扣珠316a和316b以及定位在杆304的端部处的球茎状的头部314的凸形外接触表面,使得当螺旋盖308a、308b和308c分别拧到顶部连接器306a、306b和306c上时,螺旋式连接器在杆304上紧紧地且牢固地保持在适当的位置中。任何一个接触表面的或所有接触表面可设计为包括一些粗糙度以增加摩擦力,以用于在杆上使螺钉有效地固定在期望的位置。
可选地,接触表面可包括几何特征,比如,例如凹痕、凹槽、螺纹诸如此类以有助于锁定或增强锁定。
使螺钉和杆连接的某些元件可由陶瓷材料(例如,被称为氧化锆的二氧化锆)制作。
每一个螺钉具有用于将螺钉安装在导丝上的管道312a、312b和312c,以用于将螺钉引导至目标植入位置并且使其定位在目标植入位置处。
图3C示出了图3A中示出的脊柱系统固定组件300的连杆304,其中在其一个端部具有球茎状的头部314。
图3D示出了图3A中示出的脊柱系统固定组件300的扣珠316。扣珠316具有带有凸形外表面333的大体上球形的形状。孔330延伸穿过具有间隙332的珠,间隙332界定自外表面向内横穿珠的主体延伸至孔的狭缝。狭缝为扣珠316提供一些柔韧性,允许将珠容易地安装在杆上并且在螺旋式连接器的主体和螺旋盖之间有效地挤压其并且将其挤压到杆上(304,见图3C)。图3E示出了图3A中示出的脊柱系统固定组件的连杆304,其具有球茎状的头部314和即将安装在杆304上的扣珠316,并且扣珠316a、316b已经安装在杆304上。扣珠316的使用提供了脊柱系统增强的稳定且坚固的定位和安装。
杆400可以各种长度提供,例如具有2mm为一级的不同的长度,以便手术期间由外科医生选择。
图4A示出了根据本发明的实施方案的在脊柱系统固定组件中使用的连杆400。杆400可在任一端部上具有球茎状的头部402a、402b。
图4B示出了根据本发明的实施方案具有两个端部螺钉416a、416b的脊柱系统固定组件。图4C是图4B中示出的脊柱系统固定组件的剖视图。螺钉416a、416b可各自分别包括管道418a和418b,以允许将螺钉安装在导丝上并且将其引导至其目标植入位置,并且螺钉416a、416b各自分别连接至螺旋式连接器410a、410b,螺旋式连接器410a、410b定位在杆400的任一端部处(各自在其中一个球茎状的头部402a、402b上保持,见图4C)。螺旋盖412a、412b分别拧在螺旋式连接器410a、410b的顶部上,以便使螺钉416a、416b牢固地固定到杆400的球茎状的头部上适当的位置中。设置缺口414a、414b,以便使用匹配的螺丝刀有助于螺旋盖412a、412b分别方便地拧到其相应的螺旋式连接器410a、410b上。
图5A是根据本发明的其他实施方案的特别适合于充当内椎弓根螺钉的螺钉500的成一定角度放置的视图。图5B是图5A中示出的螺钉500的侧视图,以及图5C是图5A中示出的螺钉500的剖视图。
螺钉500具有带有螺纹508的长形螺钉主体506,并且可包括沿着螺钉主体的管道512,以允许在导丝上将螺钉引导至目标植入位置。
螺钉500具有用于连接至脊柱系统的杆(例如,图2A的杆203、图3A的杆304、图4A的杆400)的完整的螺旋式连接器502。为促进此,在螺旋式连接器502中设置了横向延伸穿过连接器的空隙510,以便允许杆插入空隙510中。可使用螺旋盖(此图中未示出,例如如同图3A的螺旋盖308a、308b、308c;图4B的螺旋盖412a、412b),以通过在螺纹504上将螺旋盖拧到螺旋式连接器502的顶部,把螺旋式连接器502固定至杆。
图6是根据本发明的一个实施方案的用于使脊柱系统固定组件的螺钉连接至杆的成一定角度放置的视图。此特定螺旋式连接器设计成用于使螺钉连接至脊柱系统的杆的端部,这是为何仅设置一个开口607以将杆的端部插入连接器内的空隙中。设置底部开口634以允许穿过该开口插入螺钉,而在螺旋式连接器606内留下螺钉头部。此螺旋式连接器具有内螺纹620,以允许在顶部拧上具有外螺纹的螺旋盖(未示出),以用于使用螺钉把螺旋式连接器固定到杆上。
根据本发明的实施方案,杆可由PEEK、具有例如按体积计的10-60%的短切碳纤维的PEEK、具有按体积计的大约60%的纵向碳纤维的PEEK、或其组合制成。还可使用金属加固物,以促进射频加热或电阻加热,以便允许杆在其期望的部分或多个部分再成形。杆可包括一个或多个不透射线标记,例如沿着杆的中心的钽丝,以便有助于在医学成像中鉴别杆。
根据本发明的实施方案,对于单节段(single-level)脊柱系统,成套部件可包括不同长度的具有两个球茎状的端部(见图4A)的多个杆。根据一些实施方案,这样的成套部件可设置有具有一个球茎状的端部的多个杆并且,该球茎状的端部设计为允许将一个或多个螺旋式连接器安装在杆上与其端部处不同的各个位置,以及安装在其端部,并且安装在各种杆长度的位置。在某些实施方案中,这样的成套部件还可包括多个螺钉和与螺钉分离或成一体的螺旋式连接器。此外,在一些实施方案中,该成套部件还可包括扣珠,以用于使螺旋式连接器增强地固定至杆。
图7A示出了根据本发明的一个实施方案的加热装置700,其用于加热脊柱系统固定组件的杆400,以允许使杆再成形。根据本发明的一些实施方案,期望允许正进行骨科手术的外科医生或医技人员以再成形脊柱系统的杆,以便使杆适当地适应手边的任务。为了做到这样,设置加热装置700。
加热装置700可设计成具有两个臂702a、702b的夹钳的形式,该两个臂借助于位于枢轴704处的弹簧(未示出)彼此挤压。在装置的操作端703处,孔708界定在臂之间,设计为容纳并保持(例如,通过夹紧)杆的一部分,并且加热其以便通过在杆的被加热部分弯曲该杆,允许使杆再成形。臂702a、702b分别设置有横跨枢轴704的锥形端706a、706b,以允许其彼此挤压以及自装置的双臂(grasp)释放杆。
图7B是图7A中示出的加热装置的操作端703的剖视图。加热元件714围绕孔708设置,加热元件714设计为加热杆的被装置保持的部分。例如,加热元件可为电热器,比如电阻器或电磁(RF)加热器。在加热元件714周围可设置冷却元件716,以防止加热装置700的其他部分过热。冷却元件可通过对流驱散热,例如通过采用使用邻近加热元件流动的液体或气体冷却剂的冷却系统,或者通过传导,比如被动式冷却器,例如,热交换器或热电帕尔贴(Peltier)。在一些实施方案中,元件716可包括隔热材料以隔离加热装置700的其他部分。外部隔热层710可设置在加热装置的操作端703处以用于另外的隔热,以便当现场操作加热装置时防止对组织施加灼伤。还可设置温度传感器712来测量和控制孔708处的当时温度。
图7C是根据本发明的一个实施方案的用于加热脊柱系统固定组件的杆以允许杆再成形的加热装置的示意图。可设置控制器750来控制加热元件714和冷却元件716的操作。控制器750在用于控制加热装置的操作步骤中可使用从温度传感器712获得的温度测量结果。
加热装置还可设计成使螺钉完曲至期望的形状并用来使螺钉完曲至期望的形状。
通常,对于单独地或主要地由PEEK制成的杆,加热装置可使被夹紧的部分加热至约250-350摄氏度。
根据本发明的实施方案,在骨科手术期间,例如通过使用光学标记和导航相机,外科医生可确定为正经受手术的病人需要的杆的或多个杆的长度,并且可采用加热装置以在手术室台上使杆在患者的身体内或在患者的身体外弯曲成适当形状。
虽然本说明书中详细描述了本发明的一些实施例,但本发明的范围不受这些实施例限制,并且其在所附权利要求中被界定。
Claims (20)
1.一种脊柱系统,其包括:
杆;
一个或多个螺钉;以及
一个或多个螺旋式连接器,其用于使所述一个或多个螺钉连接至所述杆,
所述杆、所述一个或多个螺钉和所述一个或多个螺旋式连接器中的所有单独地或主要地由复合材料制成。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述复合材料选自由以下组成的复合材料的组:碳聚合物复合材料、PEEK、由在PEEK中嵌入按体积计的约60%的碳纤维、按体积计的60%-65%的碳纤维增强的PEEK。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述杆包括两个相对的端部并且在所述两个相对的端部中的至少一个端部上包括球茎状的头部。
4.如权利要求3所述的系统,其中,所述杆在所述两个相对的端部上都包括球茎状的头部。
5.如权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的系统,其中,所述一个或多个螺钉中的每一个螺钉包括管道,所述管道用于将所述螺钉安装在导丝上,以将所述螺钉引导至目标植入位置。
6.如权利要求1至5中的任一项所述的系统,其中,所述一个或多个螺旋式连接器中的每一个与所述一个或多个螺钉中的螺钉是成一体的。
7.如权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的系统,其中,所述一个或多个螺旋式连接器中的每一个与所述杆是成一体的。
8.如权利要求1至7中的任一项所述的系统,其中,所述一个或多个螺旋式连接器中的每一个包括主体和螺旋盖,所述主体具有孔,以允许所述杆的一部分穿过所述孔插入;所述螺旋盖与所述螺旋式连接器接合,以便使所述螺旋式连接器固定至所述杆。
9.如权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的系统,还包括一个或多个扣珠,所述一个或多个螺旋式连接器中的每一个被安装且固定在所述一个或多个扣珠上。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统,其中,所述一个或多个扣珠中的每一个包括球形主体、穿过所述主体的孔,以及狭缝,所述狭缝横跨以当安装在所述杆上时促进所述珠的柔韧性。
11.如权利要求1至10中的任一项所述的系统,还包括加热装置,其用于加热所述杆,以便允许所述杆弯曲成期望的形状。
12.如权利要求11所述的系统,其中,所述加热装置包括夹钳,所述夹钳用于夹紧所述杆的待加热的部分。
13.一种脊柱系统成套部件,其包括:
多个杆;
多个螺钉;以及
多个螺旋式连接器,所述多个螺旋式连接器中的每一个用于使所述多个螺钉连接至所述杆,
所述多个杆、所述多个螺钉和所述多个螺旋式连接器中的所有单独地或主要地由复合材料制成。
14.如权利要求13所述的成套部件,其中,所述复合材料选自由以下组成的复合材料的组:碳聚合物复合材料、PEEK、由在PEEK中嵌入按体积计的约60%的碳纤维、按体积计的60%-65%的碳纤维增强的PEEK。
15.如权利要求13或权利要求14所述的成套部件,其中,所述多个杆以各种长度提供。
16.如权利要求15所述的成套部件,其中,所述杆中的至少一个在一端部或两个相对的端部的任一端部上包括球茎状的头部。
17.如权利要求13至16中的任一项所述的成套部件,其中,所述多个螺旋式连接器中的每一个与所述一个或多个螺钉中的螺钉是成一体的。
18.如权利要求13至17中的任一项所述的成套部件,其中,所述多个螺旋式连接器中的每一个与所述杆是成一体的。
19.如权利要求13至18中的任一项所述的成套部件,还包括多个扣珠,所述多个螺旋式连接器中的每一个被安装且固定在所述多个扣珠上。
20.如权利要求13至19中的任一项所述的成套部件,还包括加热装置,其用于加热所述杆中的每一个,以便允许所述杆弯曲成期望的形状。
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