CN104653592B - Eccentric shaft with fixed and movable eccentric massblock - Google Patents
Eccentric shaft with fixed and movable eccentric massblock Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104653592B CN104653592B CN201410645995.7A CN201410645995A CN104653592B CN 104653592 B CN104653592 B CN 104653592B CN 201410645995 A CN201410645995 A CN 201410645995A CN 104653592 B CN104653592 B CN 104653592B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- eccentric
- massblock
- eccentric shaft
- shaft
- fixed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Road Paving Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Eccentric shaft (1) for compacting machine, it is rotatable around pivot center (2), it include fixed eccentric massblock (3) and movable eccentric massblock (4), wherein, movable eccentric massblock (4) is arranged to cooperate in the upper and fixed eccentric massblock (3) of one of rotation direction of eccentric shaft (1), is accordingly arranged to the eccentric massblock (3) that Horizon weighing apparatus in part is fixed in another rotation direction of eccentric shaft (1).At least one section of fixed eccentric massblock (3) has maximum radial elongation UB relative to pivot center (2), the maximum radial elongation UB is limited by arc curve (6), the arc curve extends to the circular shape (7) with diameter D, the circular shape is overlapped with the intersection point (8) between pivot center (2) and sectional plane, or positioned at from the intersection point be 0.1D or shorter minimum range A at.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to " double-amplitude " type bias shaft design, these " double-amplitude " type eccentric shafts are intended to be used in compacting machine
As such as road roller.Eccentric shaft has high eccentric moment in a rotation direction, and in another rotation direction
With lower eccentric moment.Eccentric shaft includes fixed and movable eccentric massblock.Movable eccentric massblock is arranged to
In one rotation direction of eccentric shaft with fixed eccentric massblock cooperation, and on another rotation direction top of eccentric shaft
The eccentric massblock for dividing ground balance fixed.Eccentric shaft is designed to start with low detent torque.Latter property helps to reduce pressure
The fuel consumption of real machine.The eccentric shaft of press for asphalt compaction continually starts and stops during being compacted work.This is
Why the present invention is especially suitable for the compacting machines of these types, but it is suitable for compactor.It needs
The eccentric shaft of lower detent torque may be such that the several factors for being possible to be mounted on smaller power internal combustion engine in compacting machine
One of.Lower detent torque is needed but also can reduce the size of the power distribution system of compacting machine.This will reduce system
Manufacturing cost.Eccentric shaft is especially suitable for casket module.
Background technique
The patent document US3 of Vibro-verken, 722,381 show a pair of " double-amplitude " type eccentric shaft, this is to " double vibrations
Width " type eccentric shaft is arranged in the drum of road roller.The eccentric massblock of eccentric shaft is designed in the same manner.Eccentric shaft is arranged in case
In box, chamber is connected to the gable shape end (gable ends) of drum.One of hydraulic motor driving/eccentric rotation axis, this is partially
Rotational motion is transmitted to another eccentric shaft via jackshaft again by mandrel.The connection of eccentric shaft and jackshaft is with during turning
The mode for giving eccentric massblock sync bit is arranged.Fig. 1 of the patent document shows high amplitude position (in the high amplitude position
The fixation of middle eccentric shaft and movable eccentric massblock is set all to cooperate), i.e., eccentric massblock is in the rotation side of eccentric shaft
To one of on the position that is intended to occupy.The eccentric massblock of rotation and cooperation is intended to activate the drum of press, in this position
In with highest possible amplitude vibration.Fig. 2 shows movable eccentric massblocks to occupy in another rotation direction of eccentric shaft
Short arc position.The imaginary section of eccentric shaft and either one or two of its eccentric massblock in cooperation position shows radial prolong
Extending portion, the radial extension are limited by 5 side geometries.The defect of 5 side shapes is, it is from mass mement of inertia (mass-moment
Of inertia) from the viewpoint of be not optimal., it is also observed that the major part in section is accounted for by balance mass block in imaginary section
According to these balance mass blocks are helpless to the eccentric nature of eccentric shaft, and the harmful of mass mement of inertia for contributing to eccentric shaft increases
Greatly.This is equally applicable to ring, these rings connect movable eccentric massblock and fixed eccentric massblock, and makes movable inclined
Heart mass block is pivoted relative to fixed eccentric massblock.In both cases, be as a result all, eccentric shaft during starting due to
The high mass mement of inertia of axis, consumes unnecessary power and energy.
Fig. 3 of Chinese patent document CN102995521 shows the eccentric shaft of double-amplitude type.Axis is shown in short arc position
In, in the short arc position, balance fixed eccentric massblock to movable eccentric massblock (at bottom) positive part
(on the top).Each section of eccentric shaft section is helpless to the above problem of the eccentric nature of eccentric shaft by the eccentric mass fixed
Block solves, and the eccentric massblock of the fixation has the function of " carrying (carrying) " simultaneously.Very across the section of eccentric massblock
It may show by circular shape in the section of outer limit.Circular shape gives low mass mement of inertia, but circular shape about
The position of intersection point between pivot center and sectional plane is not optimal in this respect.Circular shape seem be arranged in from turn
At a distance of moving axis, this section of distance is more than the diameter of circular shape.(in the imaginary height in imaginary high amplitude position
Movable and fixed eccentric massblock is being cooperated in amplitude position), make two circles of eccentric massblock distribution in cross section
It is in shape nor optimal.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is obtaining a kind of eccentric shaft of double-amplitude type, this eccentric shaft has best around pivot center
The mass mement of inertia of (low), eccentric shaft are intended to around the pivot axis.According to the present invention, the fixation of eccentric shaft and it is movable
The section of eccentric massblock must be arranged to when mass block is being cooperated.Circular shape must be with
Intersection point between pivot center and sectional plane is overlapped, or is arranged to next to the intersection point.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be described in further detail by means of attached drawing 1-7.Fig. 1 is shown in high amplitude position according to the present invention
Eccentric shaft normal axomometric drawing.Fig. 2 shows the eccentric shafts from Fig. 1 in short arc position.Fig. 3 is shown from Fig. 1-
The section of first and preferred embodiment of 2 eccentric shaft.Second and the third that Fig. 4-5 shows the eccentric shaft from Fig. 1-2 are real
Apply the section of example.Fig. 6 shows the section of the eccentric shaft from Fig. 1 in high amplitude position.Fig. 7 is shown in short arc position
The section of the eccentric shaft from Fig. 2 in setting.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the eccentric shaft 1 of double-amplitude type, which is rotatably disposed at pitch press around pivot center 2
In the drum of (not shown).Fig. 1 shows scene of the eccentric shaft 1 when it is rotated along one of its rotation direction around pivot center 2
View.Rotation direction is clockwise, and is shown in figure by curved arrow.Eccentric shaft 1 includes fixed eccentric mass
Block 3 and movable eccentric massblock 4.Fixed eccentric massblock 3 is incorporated in the cast member of spheroidal graphite cast-iron.Eccentric shaft 1
Two shaft ends portion is all connected to fixed eccentric massblock 3, and has the machine finishing surface for bearing (not shown),
This makes axis 1 be rotatable.Bearing is arranged in the chamber (not shown) in one of gable shape end of drum.One of shaft end portion
(left part) is connected to hydraulic motor (not shown), which rotate axis 1 around pivot center 2.Another shaft end portion is (right
End) it is connected to via jackshaft (not shown) similar to eccentric shaft, this is arranged in another gable shape of drum similar to eccentric shaft
In chamber in end.Connection during the rotation of axis relative to drum to give the eccentric massblock being fixed equal and sync bit
The mode set is arranged.Movable eccentric massblock 4 is pivotally arranged around axis, which is almost overlapped with pivot center 2.When opening
When the rotation of beginning eccentric shaft 1, movable eccentric massblock 4 pivots a bit relative to fixed mass block 3, and by fixed mass block
3 stop.Continue to rotate clockwise period in eccentric shaft 1, fixed eccentric massblock 3 will be movable bias in front of it
Mass block 4 is pushed in position shown in FIG. 1.The position adapts to its purpose, and with wherein movable eccentric massblock 4
It is corresponding with the position that fixed eccentric massblock 3 is being cooperated.It rotates clockwise eccentric shaft and just activates drum in a targeted way
Vibration, and ground is compacted with highest possible amplitude.
Fig. 2 shows site-view of the eccentric shaft 1 when it (i.e. widdershins) is rotated in its another rotation direction.
When starting to rotate counterclockwise, movable eccentric massblock 4 will pivot almost half way around around its axis, and then its pivot will be by only
Dynamic device 5 (describing in conjunction with Fig. 7) stops.Continue to rotate counterclockwise period in eccentric shaft 1, retainer 5 will activate movable bias
Mass block 4, to follow rotation in shown in figure 2 plant oneself.The position adapts to its purpose, and with it is wherein movable
The position for balancing to 4 positive part of eccentric massblock fixed eccentric massblock 3 is corresponding.Movable eccentric massblock 4 is arranged to
Balance the half of fixed eccentric massblock 3.It rotates counterclockwise eccentric shaft therefore drum will be activated, so as to highest possible amplitude
Half amplitude vibration.Eccentric massblock can of course be adaptively adjusted, to obtain other amplitude combinations.
Fig. 3 shows the section of fixed eccentric massblock 3.The section of fixed eccentric massblock 3 is in figure 3-7
The combination of continuous lines and dotted line is shown.Fig. 3 show the section of fixed eccentric massblock 3 relative to pivot center 2 most
How big radial direction elongation UB is limited by arc curve 6.Curve 6 may extend to the circular shape 7 with diameter D.Preferred real
It applies in example, circular shape 7 is arranged to be overlapped with the intersection point 8 between pivot center 2 and sectional plane.In a preferred embodiment,
Each section of fixed eccentric massblock 3 by there is the similar circular shape of similar diameter and relative in pivot center 2 and
The position of intersection point 8 between sectional plane limits.Equally, arc curve 6 is made of circular arc, and circular shape 7 is made up of circle.It is real
Apply the best low mass inertia square that example gives eccentric shaft 1 around pivot center 2.
Term " arc curve " include can be similar to arc curve and primitive curve part is not deviated more than from the approximation
Whole curves of the distance (0.04 multiplied by D) (0.04multiplied med D) of 0.04D." D " is also to use in this case
In the diameter D of circular shape, approximation may extend into the circular shape.
Term " eccentric massblock " refers to purposive unbalance mass, block, and mainly influences eccentric shaft 1 when it rotates
Eccentric moment when shaft line 2 rotates.Smaller unbalance mass, block positioned at 7 outside of circular shape must be neglected when explaining term
Slightly disregard, these smaller unbalance mass, blocks are by other functions generation as retainer and the like.
Fig. 4 shows the second embodiment of eccentric shaft 1.In this embodiment, the section cloth of fixed eccentric massblock 3
It is set to so that minimum range A of the circular shape 7 from the intersection point 8 between pivot center 2 and sectional plane with diameter D is
0.1D.Distance A is in circular shape 7, nearest from the intersection point 8 between pivot center 2 and sectional plane point P and the intersection point 8
The distance between, from 0 to 0.1D.The location arrangements are surrounded by circular shape 7 at making invocation point 8.Circular shape 7 is in this embodiment
In be also made of circle, and fixed eccentric massblock 3 is arranged so that its each section shows and has phase relative to point 8
With the identical circular shape of position.Eccentric shaft 1 also obtains acceptable mass mement of inertia in this embodiment, but with according to
The axis 1 of one embodiment increases compared to weight.Thus, it is more unhelpful, eccentric massblock 3 is designed so that distance A ratio 0.1D
It is long, because this may cause the even more big increase of weight.However, the design with distance A shorter than 0.1D, and especially
With 0.05D or shorter distance A, superperformance will lead to.Latter distance can be public for a wide range of manufacture of eccentric shaft 1
Difference as a result, the eccentric shaft 1 according in Fig. 3 first embodiment design.
Fig. 5 shows the 3rd embodiment of eccentric shaft 1.The section of fixed eccentric massblock 3 in this embodiment
To be arranged so as to have minimum range A of the circular shape 7 of diameter D from the intersection point 8 between pivot center 2 and sectional plane to be
0.1D.Distance A is in circular shape 7, nearest from the intersection point 8 between pivot center 2 and sectional plane point P and the intersection point 8
The distance between, from 0 to 0.1D.The location arrangements are foreclosed by circular shape 7 at making invocation point 8.Circular shape 7 is in this reality
It applies in example and is also made of circle, and fixed eccentric massblock 3 is arranged so that its each section is shown relative to the tool of point 8
There is the identical circular shape of same position.Eccentric shaft 1 also obtains acceptable mass mement of inertia in this embodiment, but is bent
Stress increases in the bearing part of fixed eccentric massblock 3.Thus, it is more unhelpful, by eccentric massblock 3 so that distance
The mode of A ratio 0.1D long designs, because this will lead to the even more big increase of bending stress.When the low weight of eccentric shaft 1 has
When higher than best low mass inertia square priority, design according to the third embodiment is particularly advantageous.
Fig. 6 shows solid when mass block 3,4 is being cooperated during eccentric shaft 1 is around the rotating clockwise of pivot center 2
How fixed eccentric massblock 3 pushes movable eccentric massblock 4 in front of it.The section of movable eccentric massblock 4 exists
It is indicated in Fig. 6-7 with trellis pattern.Fixed eccentric massblock 3 includes the incision part in 9 shape of recess.Recess 9 and can
Dynamic eccentric massblock 4 is arranged so that projection packet of the section of movable eccentric massblock 4 by circular shape 7 in cross section
Contain.Recess 9 and movable eccentric massblock 4 are arranged so that throwing of each section of mass block 4 by circular shape 7 in cross section
Shadow includes.Movable eccentric massblock 4 is incorporated in plate section, but may be designed as cast member.Latter design can be with
Mass block 4 is designed so that it is almost completely filled with recess 9.Movable eccentric massblock 4 is pivotally arranged around pin shaft 10,
Extend with the length on direction identical with pivot center 2.Pin shaft 10 must be arranged to have diameter as small as possible, because
It does not influence the eccentricity of eccentric shaft 1 for it, but on the other hand influences the mass mement of inertia of axis 1.Thus pin shaft 10 is arranged to have
There is diameter substantially smaller than the diameter of the end of eccentric shaft.From pivot center 2, some are shifted the central axis of pin shaft 10 in parallel,
To generate advantageous adjustment force in the low transition period between high amplitude position.The displacement is to give centrifugal force compared with small component power
Mode arrange that the centrifugal force acts in the center of gravity of movable eccentric massblock 4, should compared with small component power activate mass block 4, with
High or low amplitude position is occupied during adjustment.Eccentric shaft 1 and movable eccentric massblock 4 are in side identical with pivot center 2
It is penetrated upwards by hole 11.Movable eccentric massblock 4 is pivotally connected by pin shaft 10 with eccentric shaft 1, which passes through hole 11
It is pressed against appropriate location.Hole 11 is suitable for implementation in dynamic cooperation between pin shaft 10 and movable eccentric massblock 4 and in pin shaft
Press-fit between 10 and eccentric shaft 1.
Fig. 7 show retainer 5 how by the movable actuating of eccentric massblock 4 at follow eccentric shaft 1 around pivot center 2
It rotates counterclockwise.Retainer 5 is arranged in plate section, which includes movable eccentric massblock 4.Retainer 5
It is arranged to hit stop head, which is connected to fixed eccentric massblock 3.
It is very likely that by allowing the section of fixed eccentric massblock by the circular shape of modified diameter
And/or relative to the intersection point between pivot center and sectional plane position and limit, the eccentric massblock fixed is set
Count into " spool shape (spool shaped) ".The section of movable eccentric massblock will be designed to by circle in this case
Shape includes that the circular shape shows maximum gauge.However, what the manufacture ratio of " spool shape " eccentric shaft was shown in this application
Axis is more complex.
Claims (7)
1. being used for the eccentric shaft (1) of compacting machine, it includes fixed bias which, which is rotatable around pivot center (2),
Mass block (3) and movable eccentric massblock (4), wherein movable eccentric massblock (4) is arranged to turn in eccentric shaft (1)
One of dynamic direction is upper to cooperate with fixed eccentric massblock (3), is accordingly arranged to another rotation direction in eccentric shaft (1)
The fixed eccentric massblock (3) of upper part Horizon weighing apparatus, which is characterized in that at least one section of fixed eccentric massblock (3)
Relative to pivot center (2) there is maximum radial elongation UB, the maximum radial elongation UB to be limited by arc curve (6), it should
Arc curve extends into the circular shape (7) with diameter D, and it is circular shape which, which has distance A, the distance A,
(7) the distance between point P on, nearest from the intersection point (8) between pivot center (2) and the section and the intersection point (8), institute
Distance A is stated from 0 to 0.1D.
2. eccentric shaft (1) according to claim 1, which is characterized in that distance A is 0.05D or shorter.
3. eccentric shaft described in any one of -2 (1) according to claim 1, which is characterized in that fixed eccentric massblock (3) packet
It has included recess (9), and recess (9) and movable eccentric massblock (4) are arranged so that when fixed eccentric massblock and can
When dynamic eccentric massblock (3,4) is being cooperated, at least one section of movable eccentric massblock (4) is by circular shape (7)
Projection at least one section of the movable eccentric massblock (4) includes.
4. eccentric shaft (1) according to claim 3, which is characterized in that movable eccentric massblock (4) is around pin shaft (10) pivot
Turn ground arrangement, which upwardly extends in side identical with pivot center (2).
5. eccentric shaft (1) according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the diameter of pin shaft (10) is substantially less than eccentric shaft
End diameter.
6. the eccentric shaft (1) according to any one of claim 4-5, which is characterized in that the central axis of pin shaft (10) from
Pivot center (2) shifts in parallel.
7. eccentric shaft (1) according to claim 1, which is characterized in that arc curve (6) is made of circular arc, and round
Shape (7) is made of circle.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE1300711A SE537629C2 (en) | 2013-04-29 | 2013-11-15 | Eccentric shaft with fixed and movable eccentric mass |
| SE1300711-7 | 2013-11-15 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104653592A CN104653592A (en) | 2015-05-27 |
| CN104653592B true CN104653592B (en) | 2019-01-22 |
Family
ID=53267127
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410645995.7A Active CN104653592B (en) | 2013-11-15 | 2014-11-14 | Eccentric shaft with fixed and movable eccentric massblock |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104653592B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105463969B (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2017-06-30 | 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司道路机械分公司 | A kind of vibrator of vibrating roller with centrifugation lock |
| US11168448B2 (en) | 2017-06-19 | 2021-11-09 | Volvo Construction Equipment Ab | Vibratory eccentric assemblies for compaction machines |
| CN116329064A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-06-27 | 歌尔股份有限公司 | Exciter and electronic equipment |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3892496A (en) * | 1973-05-03 | 1975-07-01 | Martinez Isidoro Lebrero | Vibrating roller |
| CN87102358A (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1988-01-06 | 沃斯特-阿尔派因股份公司 | Be used for vibrative device |
| CN101525862A (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2009-09-09 | 屠卫东 | Eccentric vibrating mechanism of vibratory roller |
| CN101680476A (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2010-03-24 | 株式会社近藤工作所 | Crankshaft for automobile engine |
| CN102418336A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2012-04-18 | 宝马格有限公司 | Vibration exciter for a ground compactor and ground compactor |
-
2014
- 2014-11-14 CN CN201410645995.7A patent/CN104653592B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3892496A (en) * | 1973-05-03 | 1975-07-01 | Martinez Isidoro Lebrero | Vibrating roller |
| CN87102358A (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1988-01-06 | 沃斯特-阿尔派因股份公司 | Be used for vibrative device |
| CN101680476A (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2010-03-24 | 株式会社近藤工作所 | Crankshaft for automobile engine |
| CN101525862A (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2009-09-09 | 屠卫东 | Eccentric vibrating mechanism of vibratory roller |
| CN102418336A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2012-04-18 | 宝马格有限公司 | Vibration exciter for a ground compactor and ground compactor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104653592A (en) | 2015-05-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US9334621B2 (en) | Eccentric shaft assembly having fixed and movable eccentric masses | |
| CN101961710B (en) | Device for generating circular oscillation or directional oscillation | |
| US9725855B2 (en) | Assembly for vibrating a compacting drum of a compacting machine | |
| CN102066719B (en) | A reciprocating piston mechanism | |
| CN104653592B (en) | Eccentric shaft with fixed and movable eccentric massblock | |
| CN102418336B (en) | Vibration exciter for a ground compactor and ground compactor | |
| JP4605907B2 (en) | Coupling element that connects two axes that are parallel to each other and that are coaxially arranged at the front and rear and spaced laterally from each other | |
| CN102465771A (en) | Variable compression ratio apparatus | |
| JP4017206B2 (en) | Inner cycloid crank device for multi-cylinder reciprocating piston engines, especially for internal combustion engines | |
| CN103573427B (en) | Variable compression ratio device | |
| CN106468340A (en) | Twisting vibration absorption system | |
| CN108397514A (en) | Three-cylinder engine balance shaft | |
| JP2004524144A (en) | Eccentric assembly with eccentric weight whose phase changes depending on speed | |
| EA200700800A1 (en) | HYDROSTATIC AXIAL PISTON MACHINE AND USE OF THIS MACHINE | |
| CN102189075B (en) | Infinitely adjustable oscillation exciter | |
| CN102561303A (en) | Vibrating tamper for compacting a base | |
| CN109722972A (en) | A forward and reverse switching directional vibration wheel | |
| CN201972150U (en) | Vibratory hammer with changeable eccentric torque | |
| CN102454151A (en) | Road roller combining vibration, oscillation and complex excitation as whole | |
| CN201843056U (en) | Road roller integrating vibration, oscillation and complex excitation | |
| CN104894951B (en) | Double vibrating mechanism with motor, ironing plate and paver | |
| JP6168523B2 (en) | Power transmission device for vehicle | |
| CN102832738B (en) | Eccentric block for vibrating motor | |
| JP4741733B2 (en) | Coupling element for connecting two shafts arranged back and forth coaxially and axially parallel to each other and spaced laterally | |
| CN211340303U (en) | Vibration eccentric structure of road roller |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |