CN104620742A - System for transplanting seedlings under cap - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a seedling under-cap transplanting system and its application. The system includes holes suitable for transplanting tobacco seedlings. The holes have a diameter of 8-10 cm and a depth of 18-20 cm; The protective cap at the hole mouth, the depth of the cap body of the protective cap is 8-12cm, the diameter of the cap body is 18-20cm, the width of the brim is 1-2cm, and the brim of the protective cap is covered with soil. The system can be well applied to tobacco seedling transplanting. In the present invention, holes of suitable size are first punched out of the soil, and the ground heat is sufficiently and reasonably obtained to ensure the temperature conditions required for the growth of seedlings during transplanting. Sufficient growth space, no need to break the film and remove the seedlings, the protective cap can be recycled and reused, which solves the environmental problems caused by the use of mulch.

Description

A kind of seedling transplanting system under hat

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant transplantation, and more particularly, to a seedling under-cap transplanting system and its application.

Background technique

In order to increase the soil temperature, retain water and soil, preserve fertilizer, and improve fertilizer efficiency, the ground is usually covered with a film (mulch film), which has the functions of protecting roots and promoting growth. However, a large number of plastic films covered in the field are difficult to recycle. After the crops are harvested, the plastic film remains in the soil and is difficult to degrade, causing pollution and damage to the soil, especially as the plasticizer storm spreads. Will the plastic film fail to settle? The problem that the plasticizer content in the soil is too high and affects people's health is very worrying.

Plastic film is widely used in the cultivation of tobacco seedlings. Transplanting is a critical link in tobacco production. Tobacco farmers often list transplanting as one of the five major hurdles in tobacco production, which is of great significance. Because tobacco seedlings are particularly sensitive to temperature, if the ambient temperature is lower than about 8°C, it is easy to cause early flowering of tobacco seedlings, resulting in reduced harvest and quality, so plastic film is usually used during transplanting. Generally, according to the requirements of the transplanting time, deep plowing, fine harrowing, and high ridges are carried out on the plot in due course, and the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, covered with plastic film, and the plastic film sticks to the soil. Ponds were made on the same day, transplanted on the same day, and covered with film on the same day. In this way of transplanting, the growth space of the tobacco seedlings is very limited, and the plastic film will soon hinder the growth of the tobacco seedlings, so it is necessary to break the film and dig out the seedlings. Take it out. This method of operation is cumbersome, and the time limit is relatively strict (otherwise it is easy to cause the seedlings to burn close to the mulch), and the operation of removing the seedlings is likely to cause the spread of diseases and damage to the tobacco seedlings.

Flue-cured tobacco "well cellar" seedling transplanting is a new way of transplanting film-mulched tobacco seedlings. First, ridges are covered with plastic film, and well cellars are drilled at specified intervals on the ridges covered with plastic film, and then tobacco seedlings are put into the holes. Use a small amount of fine soil to cover the root matrix of the tobacco seedlings. The leaves of the tobacco seedlings cannot protrude out of the hole. When the leaves of the tobacco seedlings have completely grown out of the hole, seal the hole and the mouth of the film with wet soil. Other management is the same as that of the conventional plastic film. In this way, the ridge surface and the plastic film are punched at the same time, and the tobacco seedlings grow in the "well cellar". Only in the non-perforated soil position to preserve the plastic film cover, the open form of the "well cellar" is not conducive to heat preservation, water retention and fertilizer conservation, and the effect is limited.

In fact, the period after membrane rupture and seedling removal is from the end of February to the beginning of March every year. Tobacco seedlings often encounter some extreme weather (frost and ice disasters, etc.), and the existing cultivation methods cannot avoid the impact of extreme weather on tobacco. Damage to seedlings, resulting in reduced harvest and reduced quality of tobacco leaves.

Furthermore, whether it is traditional under-film transplanting or "well cellar" transplanting, plastic film is used. Because the plastic film is very thin, it cannot be recycled after a period of wind and sun. It is the same as other crops with plastic film cultivation. , The unsolvable problem is that the mulch film remains in the soil, which cannot be recycled and is difficult to degrade, causing pollution and damage to the soil.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing tobacco seedling transplanting technology, provide a small seedling under-cap transplanting system, specifically solve the problem of temperature increase and cold resistance in the process of tobacco seedling transplanting, and overcome the soil damage caused by plastic film covering. Pollution defects can also be adapted to mechanical operations and improve efficiency.

Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide the application of said system.

Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A seedling under-cap transplanting system is provided, including:

ⅰ. A hole suitable for transplanting tobacco seedlings. The hole diameter of the hole is 8-10 cm, and the depth is 18-20 cm. Wherein, the bottom of the hole is a conical bottom, and the depth of the conical bottom is 2-4 cm;

ii. A protective cap covering the mouth of the hole, the protective cap includes a cap body with an accommodating cavity, the cap body connects the top of the hat and the brim of the hat, the cap body, the top of the hat and the brim of the hat are integrated, the cap Sticking to the edge of the opening of the hole; the depth of the cap is 8-12cm, the diameter of the cap is 18-20cm, and the width of the brim is 1-2cm;

iii. Soil covering the brim of the protective cap.

Further, in field transplanting, the transplanting system under the seedling cap includes several holes, and the distance between the holes (row spacing) is 45-55 cm; the distance between each row of holes (row spacing) is 1.1 cm. ~1.2m.

Preferably, the hole diameter is 8-10 cm, and the depth is 18 cm, wherein the depth of the conical bottom is 2 cm;

Preferably, the depth of the cap body is 10cm, the diameter of the cap body is 20cm, and the width of the brim is 2cm.

Preferably, the brim of the hat is provided with taper nails on the side close to the opening of the hole, which is convenient for inserting the device of the present invention into the soil for fixing. Further preferably, the hat body is provided with reinforcing ribs, the reinforcing ribs extend from the top of the hat to the brim, and protrude out of the brim to form taper nails, and the taper nails are integrally formed with the reinforcing ribs.

The protective cap can be made of light-transmitting materials. For example, the materials used to prepare disposable plastic bowls or water cups can be used.

The present invention also provides the application of the under-cap transplanting system for small seedlings, which can be well applied to transplanting tobacco seedlings.

When applied to transplanting tobacco seedlings, the following steps are included:

S1. First, punch the soil that has been applied with base fertilizer to form holes, the hole diameter is 8-10cm, and the depth is 18-20cm;

S2. Transplant the tobacco seedlings cultivated to the "five leaves and one core" to the hole, fill with appropriate amount of soil, and pour the fixed tillage water;

S3. protective cap on hole mask, fix the brim of the protective cap with soil;

S4. Remove the protective cap when the top blade of the tobacco seedling grows to the point of contact with the top of the protective cap. Fertilization and watering are not required during this period. Then, fill the hole with soil and cultivate the tobacco plant according to the conventional method.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

The invention provides a transplanting system for seedlings under the hat. Firstly, holes of suitable size are punched out of the soil, and the seedlings are transplanted into the holes. Neither deep nor too light works well. The bottom of the hole is designed to be conical, which is also convenient for fixing the seedlings and protecting the roots of the seedlings, especially the tobacco seedlings, when filling the soil.

The existing measure of heat preservation and water retention above the hole is to cover the plastic film. However, the use of mulch film firstly limits the growth space of the seedlings. In a short period of time, the leaves of the seedlings will contact the mulch film and cause burns. It is believed that the disease spreads, and the seedlings taken out of the mulch film cannot resist cold, drought and other extreme weather, especially ice disasters, frost and other weather, which may still easily lead to seedling death, early flowering and affect the production quality; secondly, the texture of the mulch film is relatively It is light and thin, and after a period of use and membrane rupture operation, it is very broken and cannot be recycled, and the residues in the soil are difficult to degrade, causing serious environmental pollution problems. This system uses a protective cap structure to keep warm, retain water and prevent fertilizer loss, providing enough growth space for young seedlings, without the need for membrane rupture and seedling removal operations. The protective cap can be recycled and reused, which solves the environmental problems caused by the use of plastic film.

The precise design of the overall size specification of this system, including the space formed by the hole and the protective cap, can ensure that the seedlings after transplanting are about 20 days longer than the existing plastic film transplanting method. Taking tobacco seedlings as an example, it can ensure that the transplanting The planted tobacco seedlings grow from "five leaves and one core" to when the leaves at the top of the tobacco seedlings are about to touch the top of the hat, which happens to be the season when the temperature warms up. During this period, no fertilization and watering are required. It seamlessly connects with the growth period of the tobacco seedlings "out of the cover", and only needs to uncover the protective cap, which is economical and applicable.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows the situation that the mulch film used in the prior art cannot recycle polluted soil and the environment.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention.

Fig. 3 The system of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protective cap in the system of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a comparison diagram of tobacco seedlings cultivated by the cultivation method of the present invention and the existing transplanting method under the film.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention can be implemented in various ways based on the design idea of the present invention. The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and descriptions thereof may be omitted in the drawings.

Example 1

As shown in accompanying drawing 1, it is the situation that the mulch film that prior art uses cannot reclaim polluted soil and environment. In order to increase soil temperature, retain water and soil, preserve fertilizer, and improve fertilizer efficiency, the ground is usually covered with a film. The film is usually a transparent or black PE film, and there are also green and silver films. For the newly unearthed seedlings, it has the functions of mulching roots and promoting growth. But mulch film planting covers a large amount of plastic film in the field. After the crops are harvested, the mulch film remains in the soil, which is difficult to recycle and degrade. It has caused pollution and damage to the soil, especially with the spread of the plasticizer storm, whether the inability of the plastic film to settle will lead to excessive plasticizer content in the soil and affect people's health is still being tested, which is worrying. Because the tobacco seedlings are particularly sensitive to temperature, plastic film is usually used in the transplanting process, which also has the above-mentioned problems. Not only that, but the plastic film that is tightly covered on the soil surface cannot give enough growth space for the tobacco seedlings, and it is easy to cause seedling burn. Even if the "well cellar" type transplanting is adopted, it is necessary to break the film and remove the seedlings in time to ensure the growth of the tobacco seedlings. Growth space, resulting in cumbersome operations and the spread of diseases, as well as damage to tobacco seedlings during seedling removal operations. Tobacco seedlings that have been filmed out are still unavoidable to be damaged by extreme disasters such as frost and ice disasters, resulting in early flowering and reduced tobacco leaf yield or quality.

In order to overcome the deficiencies in the existing tobacco seedling transplanting technology, the present embodiment provides a transplanting system for small seedlings under the cap, as shown in Figure 2, including:

i. A hole 1 suitable for transplanting tobacco seedlings, the hole diameter of the hole 1 is 8-10 cm, and the depth is 18-20 cm, wherein, the bottom of the hole is a conical bottom 2, and the depth of the conical bottom 2 is 2 cm. ~4cm;

ii. The protective cap covering the mouth of the hole 1, the protective cap includes a cap body 3 with an accommodating cavity, the cap body 3 is connected to the cap top 4 and the brim 5, and the cap body 3, the cap top 4 and the brim 5 is an integral structure, the brim 5 sticks to the edge of the opening of the hole 1; the depth of the cap body 3 is 8-12 cm, the diameter of the cap body 3 is 18-20 cm, and the width of the brim 5 is 1-2 cm. 2cm;

iii. Soil covering the brim 5 of the protective cap.

As shown in accompanying drawing 3, in the field transplanting, the transplanting system under the small seedling cap includes several holes 1, and the spacing (spacing) between the holes is 45-55cm; the spacing between each row of holes is (Row spacing) is 1.1~1.2m.

Accompanying drawing 4 has provided a kind of preferred structure of protective cap, and described brim 5 is provided with taper nail 9 on the side that touches the opening of hole, conveniently inserts the device of the present invention into soil and fixes. Further preferably, the cap body 3 is provided with reinforcing ribs 8, and the reinforcing ribs 8 extend from the cap top 4 to the brim 5, and protrude from the brim 5 to form an awl nail 9, and the awl nail 9 is integrated with the reinforcing rib 8 formed.

The protective cap can be made of light-transmitting materials. For example, the materials used to prepare disposable plastic bowls or water cups can be used.

Embodiment 2 application experiment

Sowing on November 25, 2014, and transplanting on January 10, 2015, four treatments were set up for comparison:

Two processes are to adopt the described transplanting system of the embodiment of the present invention 1, and transplanting operation comprises the following steps:

S1. Punching the soil to form holes;

S2. Transplant the cultivated tobacco seedlings to the holes, fill in an appropriate amount of soil, pour the water for constant cultivation, and see Figure 2 after transplanting;

S3. light-transmitting arch protective cap on hole mouth mask, fix described protective cap with soil, see shown in accompanying drawing 3;

S4. Take away the protective cap when the blade of the tobacco seedling grows to its top and is about to contact the top of the protective cap, during which no fertilization and watering are required, then, fill the hole with soil, and cultivate the tobacco plant according to the conventional method;

The tobacco seedling cultivated in S2 is the tobacco seedling when it grows to "five leaves and one core";

The other two are comparative treatments, which are transplanted under the existing conventional mulch.

Four treatments, after transplanting, apply the two treatments of the system of the present invention, there is a large amount of space left in the protective cap for the growth of tobacco seedlings, no need to break the membrane and remove the seedlings, a large number of water droplets are condensed in the protective cap, and it can be seen that the protective cap is locked A lot of water, which forms water droplets, returns to the soil. In the other two comparative treatments, the tobacco seedlings transplanted under the film will soon be exposed to the film, and the tobacco seedlings will be burned if the film is not immediately removed.

The protection caps of the two processes of the system of the present invention are convenient to recycle and can be reused. And as shown in accompanying drawing 1, the mulch film that prior art uses can't reclaim the situation that pollutes soil and environment.

Accompanying drawing 5 has shown the growth situation of the tobacco seedlings that the present invention method handles and comparative treatment, left is existing " well cellar " type film transplanting, middle is common film transplanting, right is the seedling cap that applies the system of the present invention transplant.

Simultaneous transplanting, tobacco seedling growth index is as shown in table 1 (sowing on November 25th, 2014, transplanting on January 10th, 2015, detection data on January 27th. Wherein normal transplanting is conventional transplanting of prior art , without "well cellars" or cavities):

Table 1

Example 3

Apply the system described in Example 1 to transplant tobacco seedlings, sow on November 22, 2007, and transplant on January 7, 2008. After transplanting, just run into ice disaster weather. A large number of tobacco seedlings transplanted by the existing cultivation methods are frozen to death, resulting in reduced production, and the surviving tobacco seedlings are prone to early flowering and reduced quality of tobacco leaves. The tobacco seedlings transplanted by the transplanting method of the present invention grow in the protective cap until March 10 when the protective cap is uncovered, and the weather of the ice disaster is passed smoothly. Follow-up tracking and monitoring showed that this batch of tobacco seedlings did not have early flowering, and the quality of the harvested tobacco leaves was high.

A large number of experiments prove that the use of the system for transplanting of the present invention avoids the use of plastic film, and overcomes the consequences of soil damage and environmental pollution caused by the use of plastic film. The protection cap involved in the method of the invention can be recycled and reused, saving material cost. It reduces the cumbersome operation of breaking the membrane and removing the seedlings, and also avoids the heavy watering and fertilizing work after the membrane breaking and removing the seedlings, saves labor costs, and avoids artificial damage to the tobacco seedlings and the spread of artificial diseases.

The system of the present invention fully guarantees the growth space and time of the tobacco seedlings after transplanting, can ensure that the growth time of the tobacco seedlings is about 20 days longer than that of the existing plastic film transplanting method, and ensures that the transplanted tobacco seedlings grow from the "five leaves" "One core" begins to grow until the leaves at the top of the tobacco seedlings are about to touch the top of the cap, which happens to be the season when the temperature warms up. After uncovering the protective cap, it seamlessly connects with the warming climate and the growth period of the tobacco seedlings "out of the cover". The protective cap is sufficient, economical and applicable. During the growth period of the tobacco seedlings in the protective cap, there is no need to fertilize or water. In a real sense, water and fertilizer conservation are realized. The operation is simple and easy, and this stage realizes "once and for all". And ensure that the tobacco seedlings can successfully survive extreme disasters such as frost and ice disasters (which are prone to occur during the period from transplanting to early and mid-March).

The water-saving and fertilizer-conserving effect of the system of the present invention is more remarkable. You only need to water the roots, and the fertilizer locking effect is good during the whole transplanting period. The desublimated water droplets in the protective cap flow back into the soil, and there is no need for additional watering and fertilization. Even in arid areas, no basis is required for transplanting. Water sources line up to arrange transplanting, which greatly shortens the transplanting period, and successfully completes all transplanting work according to the season. Compared with plastic film, the thermal insulation effect is more significant. Under the condition of protective cap, the temperature of tobacco seedling growth space can be increased by about 3°C, which can well ensure the growth of tobacco seedlings and avoid problems such as early flowering and tobacco leaf quality degradation caused by low temperature.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a transplanting system under a seedling hat, is characterized in that, comprises: ⅰ. A hole suitable for transplanting tobacco seedlings. The hole diameter of the hole is 8-10 cm, and the depth is 18-20 cm. Wherein, the bottom of the hole is a conical bottom, and the depth of the conical bottom is 2-4 cm; ii. A protective cap covering the mouth of the hole, the protective cap includes a cap body with an accommodating cavity, the cap body connects the top of the hat and the brim of the hat, the cap body, the top of the hat and the brim of the hat are integrated, the cap Sticking to the edge of the opening of the hole; the depth of the cap is 8-12cm, the diameter of the cap is 18-20cm, and the width of the brim is 1-2cm; iii. Soil covering the brim of the protective cap. 2. according to the described seedling cap transplanting system of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described seedling cap transplanting system comprises several holes, and the spacing between described hole and hole is 45～55cm; The interval is 1.1 ~ 1.2m. 3. The under-cap transplanting system for seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, the aperture of the hole is 8-10 cm, and the depth is 18 cm, wherein the depth of the conical bottom is 2 cm. 4. according to the described young seedling cap transplanting system of claim 1, it is characterized in that, the depth of described cap body is 10cm, and the diameter of cap body is 20cm, and the width of described cap brim is 2cm. 5. The under-cap transplanting system for seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, the brim of the hat is provided with an awl nail on one side of the brim that touches the opening of the hole. 6. according to the described seedling cap transplanting system of claim 5, it is characterized in that, described cap body is provided with reinforcing rib, and reinforcing rib extends from hat top to hat brim, and sticks out hat brim to form taper nail, described Taper nails and ribs are integrally formed. 7. The seedling under-cap transplanting system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, the protective cap is made of a light-transmitting material. 8. The application of the seedling under-cap transplanting system described in any one of claims 1 to 6 in tobacco seedling transplanting.