CN104607438A - Device for non-thermal arc plasma pyrolysis of waste circuit board - Google Patents
Device for non-thermal arc plasma pyrolysis of waste circuit board Download PDFInfo
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- CN104607438A CN104607438A CN201410785107.1A CN201410785107A CN104607438A CN 104607438 A CN104607438 A CN 104607438A CN 201410785107 A CN201410785107 A CN 201410785107A CN 104607438 A CN104607438 A CN 104607438A
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical group FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010014357 Electric shock Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010793 electronic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种非热电弧等离子体裂解废电路板装置，包括非热电弧等离子体反应器及给等离子体反应器供电的高压电源；非热电弧等离子体反应器主要包括石英容器、上聚四氟乙烯法兰、下聚四氟乙烯法兰、尖端石墨电极、平底石墨电极、陶瓷坩埚；将煤破碎后装入等离子体反应器中，通入载气，启动高压电源，等离子体反应器开始工作；高电压将电极之间的载气击穿电离，形成非热电弧等离子体，处于等离子体区域中的废电路板，在高能电子、自由基活性物质以及电场的作用下，会发生裂解反应，生成固体碳渣和富氢合成气，固体碳渣经磁选后分离出焦碳和金属部分。本发明可以根据实际要求完成废电路板裂解过程，简单、低成本、高效的回收贵金属。The invention discloses a non-thermal arc plasma cracking waste circuit board device, which comprises a non-thermal arc plasma reactor and a high-voltage power supply for supplying power to the plasma reactor; the non-thermal arc plasma reactor mainly includes a quartz container, an upper polymer PTFE flange, lower PTFE flange, tip graphite electrode, flat bottom graphite electrode, ceramic crucible; put the coal into the plasma reactor after crushing, feed the carrier gas, start the high voltage power supply, and the plasma reactor Start to work; the high voltage breaks down and ionizes the carrier gas between the electrodes to form a non-thermal arc plasma, and the waste circuit board in the plasma area will be cracked under the action of high-energy electrons, free radical active substances and electric field The reaction produces solid carbon slag and hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, and the solid carbon slag is separated by magnetic separation to separate coke and metal parts. The invention can complete the pyrolysis process of waste circuit boards according to actual requirements, and recover precious metals simply, at low cost and with high efficiency.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及废物处理技术，特别是涉及一种非热电弧等离子体裂解废电路板装置。The invention relates to waste treatment technology, in particular to a non-thermal arc plasma cracking waste circuit board device.
背景技术Background technique
我国已进入家电报废高峰期，每年至少有1500万台左右电冰箱等大电子产品报废。废旧电子产品中废电路版作为电子废物的一种，对人体健康及生活环境可能构成的危害常常被忽略。事实上，废电路版含有重金属、卤族化学物质等有毒有害物质，这些废电路版不经处理直接进入环境，其中的有毒有害物质将可能污染土壤、地下水等，或者通过植物、动物进入人们的生活。因此，面对废电路版问题，已不再是单纯的“何处处理”，而是要作到“如何处理”，才能避免其所造成的环境危害，并实现资源化。my country has entered the peak period of home appliance scrapping, and at least 15 million large electronic products such as refrigerators are scrapped every year. As a kind of electronic waste, waste circuit boards in waste electronic products are often ignored for possible harm to human health and living environment. In fact, waste circuit boards contain toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metals and halogen chemicals. These waste circuit boards enter the environment directly without treatment. Life. Therefore, facing the problem of waste circuit boards, it is no longer simply "where to dispose of", but "how to dispose of them", in order to avoid the environmental hazards caused by them and realize resource utilization.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述问题，本发明提出一种非热电弧等离子体裂解废电路板装置。非热电弧等离子体裂解废电路板，可将废电路板中各种有毒有害成分分解转换成固体碳渣和合成气。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a non-thermal arc plasma cracking waste circuit board device. Non-thermal arc plasma pyrolysis of waste circuit boards can decompose and convert various toxic and harmful components in waste circuit boards into solid carbon slag and synthesis gas.
本发明为达到以上目的，是通过以下的技术方案来实现的：提供提出一种非热电弧等离子体裂解废电路板装置，包括非热电弧等离子体反应器及给等离子体反应器供电的高压电源；非热电弧等离子体反应器包括石英容器、上聚四氟乙烯法兰、下聚四氟乙烯法兰、不锈钢支架、尖端石墨电极、平底石墨电极、上铜密封圈、下铜密封圈、陶瓷坩埚、进气通道、出气通道；尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极通过高压电线与高压电源相连接，尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极同轴置于石英容器内，石英容器通过上聚四氟乙烯法兰、下聚四氟乙烯法兰和不锈钢支架联合固定，平底石墨电极分别通过固定在上聚四氟乙烯法兰上的上铜密封圈固定，尖端石墨电极通过固定在下聚四氟乙烯法兰上的下铜密封圈固定；进气通道与上聚四氟乙烯法兰连接，出气通道与下聚四氟乙烯法兰相连接；底部开口的陶瓷坩埚放置在尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极之间，用于装载废电路，在装置工作时，陶瓷坩埚内的废电路将完全暴露在非热电弧等离子体区域中。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a non-thermal arc plasma cracking waste circuit board device is provided, including a non-thermal arc plasma reactor and a high-voltage power supply for powering the plasma reactor ;Non-thermal arc plasma reactor includes quartz container, upper PTFE flange, lower PTFE flange, stainless steel bracket, tip graphite electrode, flat bottom graphite electrode, upper copper sealing ring, lower copper sealing ring, ceramic Crucible, air inlet channel, and air outlet channel; the tip graphite electrode and the flat graphite electrode are connected to the high voltage power supply through high-voltage wires, the tip graphite electrode and the flat graphite electrode are coaxially placed in the quartz container, and the quartz container passes through the upper Teflon flange , the lower PTFE flange and the stainless steel bracket are jointly fixed, the flat bottom graphite electrode is respectively fixed by the upper copper sealing ring fixed on the upper PTFE flange, and the tip graphite electrode is fixed by the upper copper sealing ring fixed on the lower PTFE flange The lower copper sealing ring is fixed; the air inlet channel is connected with the upper PTFE flange, and the outlet channel is connected with the lower PTFE flange; the ceramic crucible with the bottom opening is placed between the tip graphite electrode and the bottom graphite electrode, and the When the waste circuit is loaded, the waste circuit in the ceramic crucible will be completely exposed to the non-thermal arc plasma area when the device is working.
本发明所述的一种非热电弧等离子体裂解废电路板装置的工作原理是：将废电路板破碎后装入非热电弧等离子体反应器的陶瓷坩埚中，通过进气通道通入氮气或氩气载气，启动与尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极相连的高压电源，等离子体反应器开始工作；施加的高电压将电极之间的载气击穿电离，形成非热电弧等离子体，处于等离子体区域中的废电路板，在高能电子、自由基等活性物质以及电场的作用下，会发生裂解反应，生成固体碳渣和富氢合成气，富氢合成气由出气通道排出；经数分钟的操作之后，陶瓷坩埚内的废电路板被处理完全，断开电源，停止通入载气，待等离子体反应器冷却后取出陶瓷坩埚，收集固体碳渣，固体碳渣经磁选后分离出焦碳和金属部分。The working principle of a non-thermal arc plasma cracking waste circuit board device according to the present invention is as follows: after the waste circuit board is crushed, put it into the ceramic crucible of the non-thermal arc plasma reactor, and nitrogen or Argon carrier gas, start the high-voltage power supply connected to the tip graphite electrode and the flat graphite electrode, and the plasma reactor starts to work; the applied high voltage breaks down and ionizes the carrier gas between the electrodes to form a non-thermal arc plasma, which is in the plasma Under the action of high-energy electrons, free radicals and other active substances and electric field, the waste circuit board in the body area will undergo cracking reaction to generate solid carbon residue and hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, and the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas will be discharged from the gas outlet channel; after several minutes After the operation, the waste circuit boards in the ceramic crucible are completely processed, disconnect the power supply, stop feeding the carrier gas, take out the ceramic crucible after the plasma reactor cools down, collect the solid carbon slag, and the solid carbon slag is separated by magnetic separation Coke and metal parts.
尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极间隔要合理选择，过大的电极间隔会导致电压不足以击穿电极间的载气，从而无法形成非热电弧等离子体。另外，由于施加在两极上的电压很高，因此反应器在工作时，要特别注意不要碰触电极，以免触电危险。此外，放入陶瓷坩埚内的废电路板不应压实，要保持良好的气体通路，否则电极无法直接与载气接触，通电时无法形成非热电弧等离子体。还需要注意的是，反应器停止工作后不要立刻拆卸反应器、拿取陶瓷坩埚，因为反应器工作时放出大量的热，刚停止工作时，石墨电极、石英容器、陶瓷坩埚等部分温度很高，直接碰触易造成烫伤。The distance between the tip graphite electrode and the bottom graphite electrode should be selected reasonably. If the electrode distance is too large, the voltage will not be enough to break down the carrier gas between the electrodes, so that the non-thermal arc plasma cannot be formed. In addition, due to the high voltage applied to the two poles, when the reactor is working, special care should be taken not to touch the electrodes to avoid the risk of electric shock. In addition, the waste circuit boards placed in the ceramic crucible should not be compacted, and a good gas passage should be maintained, otherwise the electrodes cannot directly contact the carrier gas, and a non-thermal arc plasma cannot be formed when energized. It should also be noted that after the reactor stops working, do not disassemble the reactor and take the ceramic crucible immediately, because the reactor emits a lot of heat when it is working. , direct contact may cause burns.
本发明可以根据实际要求完成废电路板裂解过程，简单、低成本、高效的回收贵金属。The invention can complete the pyrolysis process of waste circuit boards according to actual requirements, and recover precious metals simply, at low cost and with high efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
图1中：1非热电弧等离子体反应器，2高压电源，3石英容器，4上聚四氟乙烯法兰，5下聚四氟乙烯法兰，6不锈钢支架，7尖端石墨电极，8平底石墨电极，9上铜密封圈，10下铜密封圈，11陶瓷坩埚，12非热电弧等离子体，13生活垃圾，14进气通道，15出气通道。In Fig. 1: 1 non-thermal arc plasma reactor, 2 high voltage power supply, 3 quartz vessel, 4 upper PTFE flange, 5 lower PTFE flange, 6 stainless steel bracket, 7 pointed graphite electrode, 8 flat bottom Graphite electrode, 9 upper copper sealing ring, 10 lower copper sealing ring, 11 ceramic crucible, 12 non-thermal arc plasma, 13 domestic garbage, 14 air inlet channel, 15 air outlet channel.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例Example
如附图1所示，本发明包括非热电弧等离子体反应器1及给等离子体反应器供电的高压电源2；非热电弧等离子体反应器包括石英容器3、上聚四氟乙烯法兰4、下聚四氟乙烯法兰5、不锈钢支架6、尖端石墨电极7、平底石墨电极8、上铜密封圈9、下铜密封圈10、陶瓷坩埚11、非热电弧等离子体12、生活垃圾13、进气通道14、出气通道15；尖端石墨电极(φ15mm)和平底石墨电极(φ15mm)通过高压电线与高压电源(10kV/200mA)相连接，尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极同轴置于石英容器(采用石英玻璃管，长450mm，内径30mm)内，电极间隔固定保持在15mm，石英容器通过上聚四氟乙烯法兰、下聚四氟乙烯法兰和不锈钢支架联合固定，平底石墨电极分别通过固定在上聚四氟乙烯法兰上的上铜密封圈固定，尖端石墨电极通过固定在下聚四氟乙烯法兰上的下铜密封圈固定；进气通道与上聚四氟乙烯法兰连接，出气通道与下聚四氟乙烯法兰相连接；底部开口孔径9mm的陶瓷坩埚放置在尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极之间。As shown in accompanying drawing 1, the present invention comprises non-thermal arc plasma reactor 1 and the high-voltage power supply 2 that supplies power to plasma reactor; Non-thermal arc plasma reactor comprises quartz container 3, upper polytetrafluoroethylene flange 4 , lower polytetrafluoroethylene flange 5, stainless steel bracket 6, tip graphite electrode 7, flat bottom graphite electrode 8, upper copper sealing ring 9, lower copper sealing ring 10, ceramic crucible 11, non-thermal arc plasma 12, household garbage 13 , air inlet channel 14, air outlet channel 15; the tip graphite electrode (φ15mm) and the flat graphite electrode (φ15mm) are connected to the high voltage power supply (10kV/200mA) through a high voltage wire, and the tip graphite electrode and the flat graphite electrode are coaxially placed in the quartz container (A quartz glass tube with a length of 450mm and an inner diameter of 30mm) is used. The electrode interval is fixed at 15mm. The quartz container is fixed by the upper PTFE flange, the lower PTFE flange and the stainless steel bracket. The flat-bottomed graphite electrodes pass through the The upper copper sealing ring fixed on the upper PTFE flange is fixed, and the tip graphite electrode is fixed through the lower copper sealing ring fixed on the lower PTFE flange; the air intake channel is connected with the upper PTFE flange, The gas outlet channel is connected with the lower Teflon flange; a ceramic crucible with a bottom opening of 9 mm in diameter is placed between the tip graphite electrode and the bottom graphite electrode.
选取废电脑主板为废电路板代表物，将废电脑主板破碎成2-5mm颗粒后装入非热电弧等离子体反应器的陶瓷坩埚中，通过进气通道通入3-8L/min氩气载气，启动与尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极相连的高压电源，等离子体反应器开始工作；施加的高电压将电极之间的载气击穿电离，形成非热电弧等离子体，处于等离子体区域中的废电路板颗粒，在高能电子、自由基等活性物质以及电场的作用下，会发生热解反应，生成固体碳渣和富氢合成气，富氢合成气由出气通道排出；经数10分钟的操作之后，陶瓷坩埚内的褐废电路板被处理完全，断开电源，停止通入载气，待等离子体反应器冷却后取出陶瓷坩埚，收集固体碳渣。实验结果：焦碳得率5％左右，合成气得率30％以上，金属得率20％左右。Select waste computer motherboards as the representative of waste circuit boards, crush the waste computer motherboards into 2-5mm particles, put them into the ceramic crucible of the non-thermal arc plasma reactor, and feed 3-8L/min argon gas through the air inlet channel Gas, start the high-voltage power supply connected to the tip graphite electrode and the flat graphite electrode, and the plasma reactor starts to work; the applied high voltage breaks down and ionizes the carrier gas between the electrodes, forming a non-thermal arc plasma, which is in the plasma region Under the action of high-energy electrons, free radicals and other active substances and electric field, the waste circuit board particles will undergo pyrolysis reaction to generate solid carbon residue and hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, and the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas will be discharged from the outlet channel; after 10 minutes After the operation, the brown waste circuit boards in the ceramic crucible are completely processed, the power is disconnected, the carrier gas is stopped, and the ceramic crucible is taken out after the plasma reactor cools down to collect solid carbon residue. Experimental results: The coke yield is about 5%, the synthesis gas yield is over 30%, and the metal yield is about 20%.
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