CN104604496A - Cultivating method of organic rape bolts - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivating method of organic rape bolts. The cultivating method comprises the following steps that firstly, a rape variety is prepared; secondly, sowing and seedling growing are conducted, rape cake dregs, plant ash and cow dung serve as base fertilizer, transplanting is conducted, and cow dung water serves as dressing fertilizer; thirdly, worms are caught manually or aphids are lured through yellow boards; fourthly, the rape bolts are harvested. According to the cultivating method of the organic rape bolts, rape pests and weeds are controlled through the method of combing physical control, biological control and manual control rather than chemical agent use and chemical fertilizer application, and the effect of pesticide residues and chemical fertilizer on the quality, taste and nutrient content of the rape bolts is reduced by applying livestock manure and other farmyard manure. By means of the cultivating method, the rape bolts are high in yield and good in quality and taste.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of organic rapeseed moss

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and relates to a method for cultivating organic rape moss.

Background technique

The main goal of rapeseed production is to produce edible vegetable oil and cake feed. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the use of rapeseed for vegetables, green manure and ornamental flowers, and corresponding development has been made, especially the dual-use technology of oil and vegetables has been fully promoted The application has greatly expanded the use of rapeseed, which not only increases farmers' income, but also promotes the healthy development of the entire rapeseed industry. However, the utilization of rapeseed at present is mainly to pick the rapeseed in the bud stage, and the cultivation and management techniques for the production of rapeseed are seldom used. At present, the production of rapeseed moss is mainly dependent on the production of rapeseed, and field management and technical operations all serve the production of rapeseed. Rapeseed moss production is mainly the picking of rapeseed moss during the bud stage, and the use of pesticide residues and chemical fertilizers in the pre-management process of rapeseed has not been controlled, which greatly affects the quality, taste and nutritional content of rapeseed moss.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems existing in the production process of organic rapeseed moss, the object of the present invention is to provide an organic rapeseed moss, which can control rapeseed diseases, insect pests and weeds without using chemical agents, physical control, biological control and artificial control. , do not use chemical fertilizers, use poultry manure farmyard manure instead, reduce the impact of pesticide residues and chemical fertilizers on the quality, taste and nutritional content of rapeseed moss, and then produce organic rapeseed moss.

The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is to carry out according to the following steps:

1), prepare rape varieties;

2), sowing seedlings, using rapeseed cake, plant ash and dry cow dung as base fertilizer; transplanting, using cow dung water as topdressing fertilizer;

3) Manually catching insects or trapping aphids with yellow boards;

4), harvest vegetable moss.

As an alternative, step 3) the way of deworming is to spray the water extract containing Herba Asarum and Sophora flavescens.

As an optimal technical solution, the water extract is sprayed twice, each time at a dosage of 80kg/mu.

As a further preference, the preparation method of the water extract is as follows: crush 1 part by weight of Asarum and 10 parts by weight of Sophora flavescens, add 150 parts by weight of water, stir and extract for 1 day, and filter to obtain the water extract.

As an optimal technical scheme, the consumption of step 2) base fertilizer is: rape cake meal 60kg/mu, plant ash 120kg/mu, dry cow dung 1500-2000kg/mu; the consumption of cow dung water is 6900kg/mu. As a further preference, the cow dung moisture is used four times, wherein 1500kg/mu is used as fixed root fertilizer, 1500kg/mu is used as green fertilizer, 1500kg/mu is used as seedling lifting fertilizer, and 2400kg/mu is used as weaning fertilizer.

As a further preference, the cow dung water is prepared at a ratio of 1:3 between cow dung and clear water.

As a further preference, the fertilizer for raising seedlings also includes oil dryness and plant ash. The dosage is optimal, oil dry 10kg/mu, plant ash 60kg/mu.

As a preferred solution, step 4) includes: harvesting the vegetable moss 1-2 times in time, each harvesting height is 13-16cm, and topdressing 2400kg/mu of cow dung water after the vegetable moss is harvested.

Preferably, the rapeseed variety is an early-maturing Brassica napus variety.

Preferably, the planting density after transplanting is not less than 7000 plants/mu.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the technical solution of the present invention is easy to operate, and the cultivated rape moss is completely free of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the rapeseed moss has high yield, good quality and good taste.

Detailed ways

In order to further understand the present invention, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with examples, but it should be understood that these descriptions are only to further illustrate the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than limiting the claims of the present invention. The following examples all plant rapeseed as a test with one mu of vegetable land area.

Example 1

Select early-maturing cabbage-type double-low rape varieties, sow seedlings on September 22, rape cake meal 60kg/mu, plant ash 120kg/mu, dry cow dung 1500-2000kg/mu as base fertilizer, transplant on October 17, planting density 7000 plants /mu. After transplanting, drench 1500kg of cow dung water as fixed root fertilizer; apply 1500kg of cow dung water as green fertilizer on November 3, apply 10kg of oil dry, 60kg of plant ash and 1500kg of cow dung water on November 18 as seedling fertilizer, and apply 1500kg of cow dung water on January 20. Apply 2400kg of cow dung water daily as weaning fertilizer; the cow dung water is prepared according to the ratio of 1:3 of cow dung and clean water.

Manually trapping insects or trapping aphids with yellow boards can replace pesticides to control pests. Harvest cabbage moss twice in time during the bud moss period, each harvesting height is about 15cm. After the vegetable moss is harvested, topdress 2400kg/mu of cow dung water.

Under the condition that other conditions remain unchanged, a comparative experiment is carried out by changing the proportion of the components of the water extract. Taking the length of the cabbage moss, the thickness of the moss stem, the number of leaves, and the weight of the moss as the investigation objects, the cabbage moss is harvested once, and the planting density is 7000 Plant count.

Example 1 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2 Comparative example 3 Comparative example 4 Oil dry (kg) 10 0 100 0 50 Plant ash (kg) 60 120 0 0 60 Cow dung water (kg) 1500 1500 1500 3000 1500 Length (cm) 26.41±0.89 23.14±0.76 23.05±0.48 24.01±0.23 26.64±0.53 Moss stem thickness (cm) 10.01±0.28 8.22±0.45 8.53±0.31 8.59±0.24 10.25±0.14 Number of leaves (pieces) 10.14±1.58 9.52±1.26 9.43±1.75 9.51±1.23 10.21±0.98

Moss weight (g) 16.62±1.02 14.13±0.56 14.28±0.25 14.86±0.34 16.73±0.57 Yield per mu (kg) 116.38 98.15 99.94 104.02 117.12

Experimental result shows, embodiment 1 compares with comparative example 1-3, the length of cabbage moss, the thick stem of moss, the number of leaves, the weight of moss has significant difference P<0.01, and yield per mu has improved more than 10%; Embodiment 1 and comparative example Compared with 4, the differences in various indicators are not significant. It can be seen that the amount of oily dryness increased significantly, but did not bring about a corresponding increase in the yield per mu.

Example 2

Select early-maturing cabbage-type double-low rape varieties, sow seedlings on September 22, rape cake meal 60kg/mu, plant ash 120kg/mu, dry cow dung 1500-2000kg/mu as base fertilizer, transplant on October 17, planting density 7000 plants /mu. After transplanting, drench 1500kg of cow dung water as fixed root fertilizer; apply 1500kg of cow dung water as green fertilizer on November 3, apply 10kg of oil dry, 60kg of plant ash and 1500kg of cow dung water on November 18 as seedling fertilizer, and apply 1500kg of cow dung water on January 20. Apply 2400kg of cow dung water daily as weaning fertilizer; the cow dung water is prepared according to the ratio of 1:3 of cow dung and clean water. Grind 10kg Asarum and 100kg Sophora flavescens, add 1500kg of water, stir and extract for 1 day, and filter to obtain the water extract. The aqueous extract containing Herba Asarum and Sophora flavescens is sprayed twice, 80kg each time. Harvest cabbage moss twice in time during the bud moss period, each harvesting height is about 15cm. After the vegetable moss is harvested, topdress 2400kg/mu of cow dung water.

Under the condition that other conditions remain unchanged, by changing the length of the cabbage moss, the thickness of the moss stem, the number of leaves, and the weight of the cabbage moss as the investigation objects, the cabbage moss is harvested once, and the planting density is calculated as 7000 plants.

Example 1 Example 2 Comparative example 5 Comparative example 6 Comparative example 7 Asarum: Sophora flavescens none 1:10 0:35 5:15 35:0 Length (cm) 26.41±0.89 26.84±0.76 23.15±0.28 27.01±0.23 23.41±0.23 Moss stem thickness (cm) 10.01±0.28 10.32±0.32 8.51±0.46 10.49±0.22 8.29±0.24 Number of leaves (pieces) 10.14±1.58 12.26±1.06 9.86±1.48 12.51±1.23 9.51±1.23 Moss weight (g) 16.62±1.02 17.23±0.83 14.38±0.46 17.46±0.34 14.86±0.34 Yield per mu (kg) 116.38 120.54 100.32 121.02 101.12

The above experimental results show that the effect of spraying the water extract of the present invention is better than that of artificially catching insects or trapping aphids with yellow boards, and only spraying twice is much more efficient than the aforementioned two methods. Moreover, Asarum and Sophora flavescens in the water extract prepared in Example 2 of the present invention have a synergistic effect. Excessive Asarum or Sophora flavescens water extract alone yields less than the specific ratio of Example 2, and in the case of increased Asarum dosage, the yield will not change significantly.

Randomly select 200 rapeseed plants, divide them into 4 groups, 50 plants in each group, and plant them in the manner of Example 2 and Comparative Examples 5-7 respectively. However, the time for spraying the water extract for the first time is slightly delayed, and then spraying is carried out after a large range of pests and diseases occurs, and the pests are counted (total number).

From the above experimental data, it can be seen that Asarum and Sophora flavescens in the water extract prepared in Example 2 of the present invention have a synergistic effect. Excessive Asarum or Sophora flavescens water extract alone is not as effective as the specific ratio of Example 2, and when the amount of Asarum is increased, the insecticidal effect will not change significantly.

The above-mentioned embodiments only illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a cultivation method of organic rape moss, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: 1), prepare rape varieties; 2), sowing seedlings, using rapeseed cake, plant ash and dry cow dung as base fertilizer; transplanting, using cow dung water as topdressing fertilizer; 3) Manually catching insects or trapping aphids with yellow boards; 4), harvest vegetable moss. 2. The cultivation method of organic rape moss as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, step 3) is replaced by spraying water extract containing Asarum and Sophora flavescens for deworming. 3. The cultivation method of organic rapeseed moss as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the preparation method of described water extract is: pulverize 1kg Asarum and 10kg Sophora flavescens, add 150kg water, stir and extract 1 day, filter Aqueous extract was obtained. 4. The method for cultivating organic rapeseed moss as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the water extract is sprayed twice, and each consumption is 80kg/mu. 5. as the cultivation method of the described organic rapeseed moss of any claim in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, the consumption of step 2) base fertilizer is: rapeseed meal 60kg/ mu, plant ash 120kg/ mu, dry cow dung 1500 -2000kg/mu; the amount of cow dung water is 6900kg/mu. 6. the cultivation method of organic rapeseed moss as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, cow dung moisture uses four times, and wherein 1500kg/ mu is used as root fertilizer, 1500kg/ mu is used as green fertilizer, and 1500kg/ mu is used as Raise seedling fertilizer, 2400kg/mu is used as weaning fertilizer. 7. The method for cultivating organic rapeseed moss as claimed in claim 6, wherein the cow dung water is prepared in a ratio of 1:3 between cow dung and clear water. 8. The method for cultivating organic rapeseed moss as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, the seedling raising fertilizer also includes 10kg/mu of oily rapeseed and 60kg/mu of plant ash. 9. The cultivation method of organic rapeseed moss as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, step 4) comprises: harvesting the vegetable moss in time for 1-2 times, each harvesting height is 13-16cm, after the vegetable moss is harvested Topdressing 2400kg/mu of cow dung water. 10. The method for cultivating organic rapeseed moss according to claim 9, wherein the rape variety is an early-maturing Brassica double-low rape variety, and the planting density after transplanting is not less than 7000 plants/mu.