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CN104597455A - Medium-frequency-agile all-fiber coherent wind lidar system - Google Patents

Medium-frequency-agile all-fiber coherent wind lidar system Download PDF

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CN104597455A
CN104597455A CN201510080765.5A CN201510080765A CN104597455A CN 104597455 A CN104597455 A CN 104597455A CN 201510080765 A CN201510080765 A CN 201510080765A CN 104597455 A CN104597455 A CN 104597455A
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CN104597455B (en
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夏海云
贾晓东
窦贤康
王冲
上官明佳
裘家伟
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/95Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种中频捷变的全光纤相干测风激光雷达系统,其通过可调谐光纤激光器中的微控制器模块控制第一光源和/或第二光源输出激光的频率来实现中频信号的频率的可捷变。采用本发明公开的中频捷变的全光纤相干测风激光雷达系统可以在复杂电磁环境下可以发挥很强的用途,一方面可以通过调谐激光雷达的中频信号的频率以防止工作在该中频波段的其它电子设备干扰激光雷达的正常工作,提高激光雷达系统的抗电磁干扰或破坏能力;另一方面,当激光雷达工作的中频信号与周围其它设备的工作频段有冲突或构成干扰时,可以通过调谐激光雷达的中频信号的频率,以防止激光雷达在正常工作时干扰或破坏其它电子设备的正常工作。

The invention discloses an all-fiber coherent wind laser radar system with intermediate frequency agility, which realizes the intermediate frequency signal by controlling the output laser frequency of the first light source and/or the second light source through the microcontroller module in the tunable fiber laser. Agility in frequency. The all-fiber coherent wind-measuring lidar system with intermediate frequency agility disclosed by the present invention can play a very strong role in complex electromagnetic environments. Other electronic equipment interferes with the normal operation of the laser radar, improving the anti-electromagnetic interference or destructive ability of the laser radar system; The frequency of the IF signal of the laser radar is used to prevent the laser radar from interfering with or destroying the normal operation of other electronic devices during normal operation.

Description

一种中频捷变的全光纤相干测风激光雷达系统An all-fiber coherent wind lidar system with intermediate frequency agility

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及全光纤相干测风激光雷达领域,尤其涉及一种中频捷变的全光纤相干测风激光雷达系统。The invention relates to the field of all-fiber coherent wind-measuring laser radar, in particular to an all-fiber coherent wind-measuring laser radar system with intermediate frequency agility.

背景技术Background technique

在区域大气风速的遥感中,脉冲相干激光雷达具有高精度、高时空分辨率的特点,广泛应用于测量大气风廓线、风切变预警以及探测飞机尾流等,在天气预报、风能发电、航空航天、军事等领域有着重要的意义,全光纤脉冲相干测风激光雷达具有较好的应用前景,值得从理论、技术和实验分析等方面深入研究。In the remote sensing of regional atmospheric wind speed, pulse coherent lidar has the characteristics of high precision and high temporal and spatial resolution, and is widely used in the measurement of atmospheric wind profile, wind shear warning, and detection of aircraft wake. It is of great significance in aerospace, military and other fields. The all-fiber pulse coherent wind lidar has a good application prospect and is worthy of in-depth research from the aspects of theory, technology and experimental analysis.

相干激光雷达理论的研究开始于20世纪60年代,是在美国国家航空航天局(NASA)和美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)的支持下由J.A.L.Thomoson和其合作者建立。1968年,在NASA的资助下Al Jelalian等人在美国雷神公司(Raytheon Co.)研制出了世界上第一台相干测风激光雷达——基于连续CO2激光器的相干测风激光雷达系统,该系统是通过改变焦点深度(depth of focus)获得距离分辨率,探测的距离一般为几百米。作为连续CO2激光雷达的一个应用,1970年R.M.Huffaker等人报道了利用气溶胶的后向散射信号测量机场跑道上空飞机的尾流。第一台脉冲相干激光雷达同样是由NASA的资助在美国雷神公司研制,脉冲能量为10mJ,重复频率为200Hz,为商用航线提供晴空湍流(clear air turbulence)的探测。该激光雷达于1970年开始地面测试,1972年和1973年安装在NASA Convair 990飞机上做飞行测试,开始了机载相干测风激光雷达的应用。从80年代开始,美国相干技术公司(Coherent Technologies,Inc.)先后研发了基于固体激光器的1.06μm相干测风激光雷达和基于Tm,Ho:YAG激光器的2.1μm相干测风激光雷达,分别用于测量大气风场和探测风切变。随着掺铒光纤放大器(Erbium-Doped FiberAmplifier,EDFA)及光纤技术的发展,以及在EDFA中使用大模场(Large-Mode Area,LMA)光纤以避免光纤中的受激布里渊散射(Stimulated Brillouin Scattering,SBS)等非线性效应,EDFA输出的激光脉冲能量和平均功率逐步提高,工作于1.55μm的全光纤脉冲相干测风激光雷达受到学者的重视。其主要优点是:(1)工作波长是人眼安全的,1.55μm波段激光的最大允许曝光量是2.1μm波段的10倍,高出1.06μm波段5个数量级;(2)光通信器件已发展很成熟,可以直接应用,降低成本;(3)全光纤结构,易于组装和集成,容易小型化、稳定化和商品化。日本Mitsubishi公司从2004年开始研发全光纤脉冲相干激光雷达的商用样机,2005年研制出商用化的LR-05FC系列产品。法国Leosphere公司于2006年12月发布了用于气象研究的WINDCUBE系列产品。The research on the theory of coherent lidar began in the 1960s and was established by JAL Thomoson and his collaborators with the support of NASA and NOAA. In 1968, with the support of NASA, Al Jelalian and others developed the world's first coherent wind lidar at Raytheon Co., a coherent wind lidar system based on continuous CO2 lasers. The distance resolution is obtained by changing the depth of focus, and the detection distance is generally several hundred meters. As an application of continuous CO 2 lidar, in 1970, RM Huffaker et al. reported the use of aerosol backscattering signals to measure the wake of aircraft over airport runways. The first pulse coherent lidar was also developed by Raytheon Corporation of the United States with the support of NASA. The pulse energy is 10mJ and the repetition frequency is 200Hz. It provides clear air turbulence detection for commercial airlines. The lidar began ground testing in 1970, and was installed on a NASA Convair 990 aircraft for flight testing in 1972 and 1973, beginning the application of airborne coherent wind lidar. Since the 1980s, Coherent Technologies, Inc. has successively developed a 1.06 μm coherent wind lidar based on a solid-state laser and a 2.1 μm coherent wind lidar based on a Tm, Ho:YAG laser, respectively for Measure atmospheric wind fields and detect wind shear. With the development of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, EDFA) and fiber technology, and the use of large-mode field (Large-Mode Area, LMA) fiber in EDFA to avoid stimulated Brillouin scattering (Stimulated Brillouin Scattering, SBS) and other nonlinear effects, the laser pulse energy and average power output by EDFA are gradually increased, and the all-fiber pulse coherent wind lidar working at 1.55 μm has attracted the attention of scholars. Its main advantages are: (1) The operating wavelength is safe for human eyes, and the maximum allowable exposure of the 1.55 μm band laser is 10 times that of the 2.1 μm band, which is 5 orders of magnitude higher than that of the 1.06 μm band; (2) Optical communication devices have developed It is very mature and can be directly applied to reduce costs; (3) All-fiber structure, easy to assemble and integrate, easy to miniaturize, stabilize and commercialize. Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan began to develop commercial prototypes of all-fiber pulse coherent lidar in 2004, and developed a commercial LR-05FC series product in 2005. French company Leosphere released WINDCUBE series products for meteorological research in December 2006.

国内方面也有1.55μm全光纤脉冲相干测风激光雷达的报道。中国电子科技集团第二十七研究所研发了一套全光纤相干多普勒激光测风雷达设备,于2012年6月5日进行外场实验。中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所报道了用于边界层的全光纤相干测风激光雷达,视向探测距离为3km,距离分辨率为75m,时间分辨率为2s,18000发激光脉冲累积时风速的测量精度为0.22m/s。Domestically, there are also reports of 1.55μm all-fiber pulse coherent wind lidar. The 27th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group developed a set of all-fiber coherent Doppler laser wind measurement radar equipment, and conducted field experiments on June 5, 2012. The Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences reported an all-fiber coherent wind lidar for the boundary layer, with a line-of-sight detection distance of 3km, a distance resolution of 75m, a time resolution of 2s, and a wind speed of 18,000 laser pulses. The measurement accuracy is 0.22m/s.

但是,现有的上述全光纤相干激光雷达中,激光脉冲的调制和中频信号的产生是由一个声光调制器或二个声光调制器级联完成,中频信号是一个固定的数值,常用的有55MHz,80MHz和100MHz。在某些特殊的电磁环境下,一方面比如广播电台等蓄意干扰这些波段时,则可能造成激光雷达不能够正常工作;另一方面,激光雷达正常工作时辐射的电磁信号对其它电子设备造成干扰时,就需要调节激光雷达的中频信号,这在传统的全光纤相干激光雷达中难以做到的。However, in the above-mentioned existing all-fiber coherent lidar, the modulation of the laser pulse and the generation of the intermediate frequency signal are completed by an acousto-optic modulator or two cascaded acousto-optic modulators. The intermediate frequency signal is a fixed value, and the commonly used There are 55MHz, 80MHz and 100MHz. In some special electromagnetic environments, on the one hand, when radio stations, etc. deliberately interfere with these bands, it may cause the lidar to not work normally; , it is necessary to adjust the IF signal of the lidar, which is difficult to do in the traditional all-fiber coherent lidar.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种中频捷变的全光纤相干测风激光雷达系统,实现了中频信号频率的可捷变。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an all-fiber coherent wind laser radar system with intermediate frequency agility, which realizes the agility of the intermediate frequency signal frequency.

本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

一种中频捷变的全光纤相干测风激光雷达系统,该系统包括:可调谐光纤激光器1、第一强度调制器2、第一光隔离器3、第二强度调制器4、第二光隔离器5、光纤激光功率放大器6、光纤环行器7、望远镜8、任意函数发生器9、第三强度调制器10、保偏光纤耦合/分束器11、平衡光电探测器12、A/D采集卡13与信号处理单元14;An all-fiber coherent wind lidar system with intermediate frequency agility, the system includes: a tunable fiber laser 1, a first intensity modulator 2, a first optical isolator 3, a second intensity modulator 4, and a second optical isolator 5, fiber laser power amplifier 6, fiber circulator 7, telescope 8, arbitrary function generator 9, third intensity modulator 10, polarization maintaining fiber coupling/beam splitter 11, balanced photodetector 12, A/D acquisition Card 13 and signal processing unit 14;

其中,所述可调谐光纤激光器1输出第一与第二连续激光;在任意函数发生器9的驱动下,由依次连接的第一强度调制器2、第一光隔离器3、第二强度调制器4与第二光隔离器5构成的二级强度调制,将第一连续激光调制成激光脉冲,激光脉冲经过光纤激光功率放大器6进行功率放大,并经过光纤环行器7和望远镜8发射到大气中;大气中的气溶胶粒子的后向散射信号经过望远镜9、光纤环行器7后进入保偏光纤耦合/分束器11中;Wherein, the tunable fiber laser 1 outputs the first and second continuous lasers; driven by the arbitrary function generator 9, the first intensity modulator 2, the first optical isolator 3, and the second intensity modulation The two-level intensity modulation composed of the device 4 and the second optical isolator 5 modulates the first continuous laser light into a laser pulse, and the laser pulse is amplified by the fiber laser power amplifier 6, and is emitted to the atmosphere through the fiber optic circulator 7 and the telescope 8 Middle; the backscattering signal of the aerosol particles in the atmosphere enters the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupling/beam splitter 11 after passing through the telescope 9 and the optical fiber circulator 7;

第二连续激光则经过第三强度调制器10的衰减后进入保偏光纤耦合/分束器11,与气溶胶粒子的后向散射信号拍频,经过平衡光电探测器12进行光电转换,产生的射频信号由A/D采集卡13进行模/数转换,最后由信号处理单元14计算出风速。The second continuous laser light enters the polarization-maintaining fiber coupling/beam splitter 11 after being attenuated by the third intensity modulator 10, beats with the backscattering signal of the aerosol particles, and undergoes photoelectric conversion through the balanced photodetector 12 to generate The radio frequency signal is subjected to analog/digital conversion by the A/D acquisition card 13 , and finally the wind speed is calculated by the signal processing unit 14 .

进一步的,所述可调谐光纤激光器1包括:微处理器模块31、半导体致冷器模块33、第一光源32与第二光源34;Further, the tunable fiber laser 1 includes: a microprocessor module 31, a semiconductor cooler module 33, a first light source 32 and a second light source 34;

所述微处理器模块31用于控制第一光源32输出激光频率为ν1的第一连续激光,控制第二光源34输出激光频率为ν2的第二连续激光;所述半导体致冷器模块33,用于为第一光源32与第二光源34提供所需的环境温度;The microprocessor module 31 is used to control the first light source 32 output laser frequency to be the first continuous laser of v1 , and the second continuous laser to control the second light source 34 output laser frequency to be the v2 ; the semiconductor refrigerator module 33, for providing the required ambient temperature for the first light source 32 and the second light source 34;

通过微处理器模块31来控制第一光源32与第二光源34实现中频信号Δf=ν12的频率可捷变。The first light source 32 and the second light source 34 are controlled by the microprocessor module 31 to realize frequency agility of the intermediate frequency signal Δf=ν 1 −ν 2 .

由上述本发明提供的技术方案可以看出,通过可调谐光纤激光器中的微控制器模块控制第一光源和/或第二光源输出激光的频率来实现中频信号的频率的可捷变;这种中频捷变的全光纤相干测风激光雷达系统在复杂电磁环境下可以发挥很强的用途,一方面可以通过调谐激光雷达的中频信号的频率以防止工作在该中频波段的其它电子设备干扰激光雷达的正常工作,提高激光雷达系统的抗电磁干扰或破坏能力;另一方面,当激光雷达工作的中频信号与周围其它设备的工作频段有冲突或构成干扰时,可以通过调谐激光雷达的中频信号的频率,以防止激光雷达在正常工作时干扰或破坏其它电子设备的正常工作。It can be seen from the above-mentioned technical solution provided by the present invention that the agility of the frequency of the intermediate frequency signal is realized by controlling the frequency of the output laser light of the first light source and/or the second light source through the microcontroller module in the tunable fiber laser; The all-fiber coherent wind lidar system with intermediate frequency agility can play a very strong role in complex electromagnetic environments. On the one hand, it can prevent other electronic devices working in the intermediate frequency band from interfering with the lidar by tuning the frequency of the intermediate frequency signal of the lidar. The normal work of the laser radar system can improve the anti-electromagnetic interference or destructive ability of the laser radar system; Frequency, in order to prevent the lidar from interfering with or destroying the normal operation of other electronic devices during normal operation.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For Those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings on the premise of not paying creative work.

图1为本发明实施例提供的一种中频捷变的全光纤相干测风激光雷达系统的示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an intermediate frequency agile all-fiber coherent wind lidar system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

图2为本发明实施例提供的可调谐光纤激光器中光源的结构示意图;2 is a schematic structural diagram of a light source in a tunable fiber laser provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

图3为本发明实施例提供的接收信号、本振光与射频信号功率变化示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of power changes of received signals, local oscillator light and radio frequency signals provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

图4为本发明实施例提供的根据近场高信噪比的信号计算中频信号的示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of calculating an intermediate frequency signal based on a signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio in the near field provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

实施例Example

图1为本发明实施例提供的一种中频捷变的全光纤相干测风激光雷达系统的示意图。如图1所示,该系统包括:FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an intermediate frequency agile all-fiber coherent wind lidar system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the system includes:

可调谐光纤激光器1、第一强度调制器2、第一光隔离器3、第二强度调制器4、第二光隔离器5、光纤激光功率放大器6、光纤环行器7、望远镜8、任意函数发生器9、第三强度调制器10、保偏光纤耦合/分束器11、平衡光电探测器12、A/D采集卡13与信号处理单元14;Tunable fiber laser 1, first intensity modulator 2, first optical isolator 3, second intensity modulator 4, second optical isolator 5, fiber laser power amplifier 6, fiber circulator 7, telescope 8, arbitrary function Generator 9, third intensity modulator 10, polarization maintaining fiber coupling/beam splitter 11, balanced photodetector 12, A/D acquisition card 13 and signal processing unit 14;

其中,所述可调谐光纤激光器1输出第一与第二连续激光;在任意函数发生器9的驱动下,由依次连接的第一强度调制器2、第一光隔离器3、第二强度调制器4与第二光隔离器5构成的二级强度调制,将第一连续激光调制成激光脉冲,激光脉冲经过光纤激光功率放大器6进行功率放大,并经过光纤环行器7和望远镜8发射到大气中;大气中的气溶胶粒子的后向散射信号经过望远镜9、光纤环行器7后进入保偏光纤耦合/分束器11中;Wherein, the tunable fiber laser 1 outputs the first and second continuous lasers; driven by the arbitrary function generator 9, the first intensity modulator 2, the first optical isolator 3, and the second intensity modulation The two-level intensity modulation composed of the device 4 and the second optical isolator 5 modulates the first continuous laser light into a laser pulse, and the laser pulse is amplified by the fiber laser power amplifier 6, and is emitted to the atmosphere through the fiber optic circulator 7 and the telescope 8 Middle; the backscattering signal of the aerosol particles in the atmosphere enters the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupling/beam splitter 11 after passing through the telescope 9 and the optical fiber circulator 7;

第二连续激光则经过第三强度调制器10的衰减后进入保偏光纤耦合/分束器11,与气溶胶粒子的后向散射信号拍频,经过平衡光电探测器12进行光电转换,产生的射频信号由A/D采集卡13进行模/数转换,最后由信号处理单元14计算出风速;上述过程中,通过控制第三强度调制器10可以控制可衰减第二连续激光(连续本振激光)的近场信号功率,也包括通过控制平衡光电探测器12的近场增益,可以使全光纤激光雷达系统的基频探测工作在最佳的状态。The second continuous laser light enters the polarization-maintaining fiber coupling/beam splitter 11 after being attenuated by the third intensity modulator 10, beats with the backscattering signal of the aerosol particles, and undergoes photoelectric conversion through the balanced photodetector 12 to generate Radio frequency signal is carried out analog/digital conversion by A/D acquisition card 13, calculates wind speed by signal processing unit 14 at last; ) of the near-field signal power, and by controlling the near-field gain of the balanced photodetector 12, the fundamental frequency detection of the all-fiber laser radar system can work in an optimal state.

进一步的,所述可调谐光纤激光器1包括:微处理器模块31、半导体致冷器模块33、第一光源32与第二光源34;Further, the tunable fiber laser 1 includes: a microprocessor module 31, a semiconductor cooler module 33, a first light source 32 and a second light source 34;

所述微处理器模块31用于控制第一光源32输出激光频率为ν1的第一连续激光,控制第二光源34输出激光频率为ν2的第二连续激光;所述半导体致冷器模块33,用于为第一光源32与第二光源34提供所需的环境温度;The microprocessor module 31 is used to control the first light source 32 output laser frequency to be the first continuous laser of v1 , and the second continuous laser to control the second light source 34 output laser frequency to be the v2 ; the semiconductor refrigerator module 33, for providing the required ambient temperature for the first light source 32 and the second light source 34;

通过微处理器模块31来控制第一光源32与第二光源34实现中频信号Δf=ν12的频率可捷变;中频信号Δf的大小可利用高信噪比的近场信号计算。The first light source 32 and the second light source 34 are controlled by the microprocessor module 31 to realize frequency agility of the intermediate frequency signal Δf=ν 12 ; the magnitude of the intermediate frequency signal Δf can be calculated by using a near-field signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio.

本发明实施例中,所述的第一光源32与第二光源34为相同结构的光源,其结构示意图请参见图2;图2中的标记21表示镀有高反射膜的后腔镜,标记22表示第一热调谐滤波器,标记23表示第二热调谐滤波器,标记24表示腔内耦合透镜,标记25表示二极管增益介质,标记26表示输出准直透镜,标记27表示偏振分束器,标记28表示光隔离器,标记29表示光纤聚集透镜,标记30表示输出光纤。In the embodiment of the present invention, the first light source 32 and the second light source 34 are light sources with the same structure, please refer to FIG. 2 for a schematic diagram of the structure; the mark 21 in FIG. 2 represents a rear cavity mirror coated with a high reflection film, and the mark 22 represents a first thermally tuned filter, mark 23 represents a second thermally tuned filter, mark 24 represents an intracavity coupling lens, mark 25 represents a diode gain medium, mark 26 represents an output collimating lens, mark 27 represents a polarization beam splitter, Reference numeral 28 denotes an optical isolator, reference numeral 29 denotes a fiber focusing lens, and reference numeral 30 denotes an output fiber.

本发明实施例提供的中频捷变的全光纤相干测风激光雷达系统在复杂电磁环境下可以发挥很强的用途,一方面可以通过调谐激光雷达的中频信号的频率以防止其被工作在该中频波段的其它电子设备干扰,提高激光雷达系统的抗电磁干扰或破坏能力;另一方面,在同载荷情况下,可以通过调谐激光雷达的中频信号的频率,避免激光雷达的中频信号对其它设备造成电磁干扰。The intermediate frequency agile all-fiber coherent wind lidar system provided by the embodiment of the present invention can play a very strong role in complex electromagnetic environments. On the one hand, the frequency of the intermediate frequency signal of the laser radar can be tuned to prevent it from being operated at the intermediate frequency. Interference with other electronic equipment in the frequency band can improve the anti-electromagnetic interference or destructive ability of the laser radar system; electromagnetic interference.

为了便于理解,下面针对上述系统的原理及某些计算过程做详细的介绍。In order to facilitate understanding, the principle of the above-mentioned system and some calculation processes will be introduced in detail below.

第一连续激光经过上述结构发射到大气中后,由于大气中气溶胶粒子的运动,激光脉冲与气溶胶粒子相互作用时,后向散射信号在望远镜的视向产生多普勒频移fd,表示为:After the first continuous laser is emitted into the atmosphere through the above-mentioned structure, due to the movement of the aerosol particles in the atmosphere, when the laser pulse interacts with the aerosol particles, the backscattering signal produces a Doppler frequency shift f d in the line of sight of the telescope, Expressed as:

fd=2vr/λ;f d =2 v r /λ;

式中λ为激光脉冲的中心波长,vr为视向风速,当vr的方向与望远镜的视向相反时fd的符号为正,反之为负;则气溶胶粒子的后向散射信号的频率vs为:In the formula, λ is the central wavelength of the laser pulse, v r is the visual wind speed, when the direction of v r is opposite to the viewing direction of the telescope, the sign of f d is positive, otherwise it is negative; then the backscattering signal of aerosol particles Frequency vs s is:

vs=v1+fdv s =v 1 +f d ;

大气中的气溶胶粒子的后向散射信号经过望远镜8、光纤环行器7后进入保偏光纤耦合/分束器11,该保偏光纤耦合/分束器11对输入的两路信号先耦合处理,再分束。频率为ν2的第二连续激光(本振激光)经过第三强度调制器10的根据接收信号(即包括系统镜面的后向散射信号和气溶胶粒子的后向散射信号)的特征优化控制后,如图3所示,进入保偏光纤耦合/分束器11,与气溶胶粒子的后向散射信号拍频,经过平衡光电探测器12进行光电转换,产生的射频信号由A/D采集卡13进行模/数转换,最后由信号处理单元14通过周期图和脉冲累积的方式计算出射频信号的频率fRFThe backscattered signal of aerosol particles in the atmosphere enters the polarization-maintaining fiber coupling/beam splitter 11 after passing through the telescope 8 and the fiber optic circulator 7, and the polarization-maintaining fiber coupling/beam splitter 11 first couples and processes the two input signals , and then split the beam. After the second continuous laser (local oscillator laser) with a frequency of ν is optimized and controlled according to the characteristics of the received signal (that is, including the backscattering signal of the system mirror surface and the backscattering signal of the aerosol particle) of the third intensity modulator 10, As shown in Figure 3, enter the polarization maintaining optical fiber coupling/beam splitter 11, beat the backscattering signal with the aerosol particle, carry out photoelectric conversion through the balance photodetector 12, the radio frequency signal that produces is by A/D acquisition card 13 Perform analog/digital conversion, and finally the signal processing unit 14 calculates the frequency f RF of the radio frequency signal by means of periodogram and pulse accumulation.

相干激光雷达中利用气溶胶的后向散射信号估计风速时一般使用最大似然比(Maximum Likelihood,ML)的离散谱峰值(Discrete Spectral Peak,DSP)估计,即风速引起的多普勒频率的最大似然解就是周期图的最大值对应的频率。在一个探测距离门内M个采样点的周期图定义为:In coherent lidar, the discrete spectral peak (DSP) of the maximum likelihood ratio (Maximum Likelihood, ML) is generally used to estimate the wind speed by using the backscattering signal of the aerosol, that is, the maximum Doppler frequency caused by the wind speed The likelihood solution is the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the periodogram. The periodogram of M sampling points in a detection range gate is defined as:

PP (( mm )) == TT SS Mm || ΣΣ kk == 00 Mm -- 11 zz kk ee -- jj 22 πkmπkm Mm || 22 ,, mm == 0,1,20,1,2 ,, .. .. .. ,, Mm -- 11 ;;

式中,TS为A/D采集卡的采样间隔,zk为距离门内A/D采集卡输出的第k(k=0,1,…,M-1)个电压。根据在接收机端一个激光脉冲内风速的多普勒谱分布随从高斯线型并且统计独立,噪声为白噪声,则N发激光脉冲累积情况下的周期图为:In the formula, T S is the sampling interval of the A/D acquisition card, z k is the kth (k=0,1,...,M-1) voltage output by the A/D acquisition card in the range gate. According to the Doppler spectral distribution of the wind speed in a laser pulse at the receiver end follows the Gaussian line shape and is statistically independent, and the noise is white noise, then the periodogram in the case of accumulation of N laser pulses is:

PP AA (( mm )) == 11 NN ΣΣ ii == 11 NN PP ii (( mm )) ;;

多普勒频率的ML DSP(最大似然比离散谱峰值)估计fRF应为:The ML DSP (Maximum Likelihood Ratio Discrete Spectral Peak) estimate of fRF at the Doppler frequency should be:

ff RFRF == (( argarg maxmax mm == 0,10,1 ,, .. .. .. Mm -- 11 PP AA (( mm )) )) ·&Center Dot; ΔFΔF ;;

式中,ΔF=fs/M为频率分辨率,fs=1/TS为A/D采集卡的采样频率。In the formula, ΔF=f s /M is the frequency resolution, and f s =1/T S is the sampling frequency of the A/D acquisition card.

由于fRF=ν12+fd=Δf+fdSince f RF12 +f d =Δf+f d ;

并且,中频信号Δf可以根据近场高信噪比的信号计算出,如图4所示,根据公式vr=fdλ/2和激光脉冲的飞行时间Δt可以计算出不同距离门ΔR(ΔR=Δtc/2,式中c为光在真空中的速度)处的视向风速vrMoreover, the intermediate frequency signal Δf can be calculated according to the signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio in the near field, as shown in Figure 4, according to the formula v r =f d λ/2 and the flight time Δt of the laser pulse, different range gates ΔR(ΔR =Δtc/2, where c is the visual velocity v r at the speed of light in vacuum).

所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到,为描述的方便和简洁,仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明,实际应用中,可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成,即将装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块,以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional modules is used as an example for illustration. In practical applications, the above-mentioned function allocation can be completed by different functional modules according to needs. The internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily conceive of changes or changes within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Replacement should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (2)

1.一种中频捷变的全光纤相干测风激光雷达系统,其特征在于,该系统包括:可调谐光纤激光器(1)、第一强度调制器(2)、第一光隔离器(3)、第二强度调制器(4)、第二光隔离器(5)、光纤激光功率放大器(6)、光纤环行器(7)、望远镜(8)、任意函数发生器(9)、第三强度调制器(10)、保偏光纤耦合/分束器(11)、平衡光电探测器(12)、A/D采集卡(13)与信号处理单元(14);1. An all-fiber coherent wind lidar system with intermediate frequency agility, characterized in that the system comprises: a tunable fiber laser (1), a first intensity modulator (2), a first optical isolator (3) , second intensity modulator (4), second optical isolator (5), fiber laser power amplifier (6), fiber optic circulator (7), telescope (8), arbitrary function generator (9), third intensity Modulator (10), polarization-maintaining fiber coupling/beam splitter (11), balanced photodetector (12), A/D acquisition card (13) and signal processing unit (14); 其中,所述可调谐光纤激光器(1)输出第一与第二连续激光;在任意函数发生器(9)的驱动下,由依次连接的第一强度调制器(2)、第一光隔离器(3)、第二强度调制器(4)与第二光隔离器(5)构成的二级强度调制,将第一连续激光调制成激光脉冲,激光脉冲经过光纤激光功率放大器(6)进行功率放大,并经过光纤环行器(7)和望远镜(8)发射到大气中;大气中的气溶胶粒子的后向散射信号经过望远镜(9)、光纤环行器(7)后进入保偏光纤耦合/分束器(11)中;Wherein, the tunable fiber laser (1) outputs the first and second continuous laser light; driven by the arbitrary function generator (9), the first intensity modulator (2) and the first optical isolator connected in sequence (3), the secondary intensity modulation formed by the second intensity modulator (4) and the second optical isolator (5), the first continuous laser is modulated into a laser pulse, and the laser pulse is powered through the fiber laser power amplifier (6) Amplified, and launched into the atmosphere through the optical fiber circulator (7) and the telescope (8); the backscattered signal of the aerosol particles in the atmosphere enters the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupling/ In the beam splitter (11); 第二连续激光则经过第三强度调制器(10)的衰减后进入保偏光纤耦合/分束器(11),与气溶胶粒子的后向散射信号拍频,经过平衡光电探测器(12)进行光电转换,产生的射频信号由A/D采集卡(13)进行模/数转换,最后由信号处理单元(14)计算出风速。The second continuous laser light enters the polarization-maintaining fiber coupling/beam splitter (11) after being attenuated by the third intensity modulator (10), beats with the backscattering signal of aerosol particles, and passes through the balanced photodetector (12) The photoelectric conversion is carried out, and the generated radio frequency signal is subjected to analog/digital conversion by the A/D acquisition card (13), and finally the wind speed is calculated by the signal processing unit (14). 2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述可调谐光纤激光器(1)包括:微处理器模块(31)、半导体致冷器模块(33)、第一光源(32)与第二光源(34);2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the tunable fiber laser (1) comprises: a microprocessor module (31), a semiconductor refrigerator module (33), a first light source (32) and a second light source (34); 所述微处理器模块(31)用于控制第一光源(32)输出激光频率为v1的第一连续激光,控制第二光源(34)输出激光频率为v2的第二连续激光;所述半导体致冷器模块(33),用于为第一光源(32)与第二光源(34)提供所需的环境温度;The microprocessor module (31) is used to control the first continuous laser light whose output laser frequency of the first light source (32) is v1 , and controls the second continuous laser light whose output laser frequency is v2 by the second light source (34); The semiconductor refrigerator module (33) is used to provide the required ambient temperature for the first light source (32) and the second light source (34); 通过微处理器模块(31)来控制第一光源(32)与第二光源(34)实现中频信号Δf=v1-v2的频率可捷变。The first light source (32) and the second light source (34) are controlled by the microprocessor module (31) to realize frequency agility of the intermediate frequency signal Δf=v 1 -v 2 .
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