CN1045961C - 制备协同组合物及协同药物制剂的方法 - Google Patents
制备协同组合物及协同药物制剂的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1045961C CN1045961C CN92104553A CN92104553A CN1045961C CN 1045961 C CN1045961 C CN 1045961C CN 92104553 A CN92104553 A CN 92104553A CN 92104553 A CN92104553 A CN 92104553A CN 1045961 C CN1045961 C CN 1045961C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- ester
- compound
- salt
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- oxathiolane
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本发明公开了制备协同组合物及协同药物制剂的方法。所述协同组合物和协同药物制剂含有式(I-1)的(2R,顺)-4-氨基-1-(2-羟甲基-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷-5-基)-1H-嘧啶-2-酮(3TC)。
Description
本发明涉及制备协同组合物及协同药物制剂的方法,更具体地讲它是关于制备含有1,3-氧硫环戊烷(1,3-Oxanthiolane)核苷类似物与其它抗病毒剂,尤其抗HIV病毒有效的抗病毒剂的组合物和药物制剂的方法。
人体免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引起各种临床症状包括获得性免疫缺陷综合征(艾滋病)和慢性神经病学上的紊乱。核苷如AZT、ddc和ddI在体外抑制HIV的复制,并通过细胞对它们的5′三磷酸衍生物代谢作用使该病毒编码逆转录酶而显示出它们的抗病毒活性。
AZT减轻患有艾滋病病人的发病率和致命性,然而,细胞感染HIV导致病毒基因组整合到宿主染色体中,因此需长期连续使用AZT进行治疗,AZT长期治疗的结果会引起骨髓毒性和HIV-1的抗AZT变异体出现。类似地,一些用ddc治疗的艾滋病病人出现外周神经疾病和使用ddI可以诱导胰腺炎和外周神经疾病。
化合物组合物的使用可产生相同的抗病毒效果且减小毒性,或者化合物间产生协同作用而提高药效。全病程较低的药物用量也可能减小抗药HIV变种产生的机率。许多不同的方法已用于检验在不同分析体系共同起作用的化合物组合物的效果。所有的这些方法均有其局限性,而且如一些方法被应用的体系已不是那些为该方法所设计的体系。AZT表明与作用于HIV-1复制阶段而并非逆转录阶段的药物在体外产生协同抗病毒作用。这些药物包括重组体可溶性CD4澳洲粟精胺(Castanospermine)和重组α-干扰素。然而,必须指出的是化合物的组合物可以增加细胞毒性,AZT与重组α-干扰素组合物就可增加对正常人体骨髓原细胞的细胞毒性。
AZT与其它核苷的组合物也已被研究,ddc可消除高剂量AZT引起的骨髓细胞毒性而并未影响其抗病毒的活性,ddI和AZT在组合物中表现出某些选择性的加强作用,通过协同的抗病毒作用而克服对正常人体骨髓原细胞叠加的毒性。
结构式(Ⅰ)的化合物,也被称作BCH-189或NGPB-21已被描述具有抗病毒作用,尤其是具有抗作为艾滋病病原体的人体免疫缺陷病毒(HIV′S)的作用。(5th Anti-Aids Conference,montreal,Canada 5th-9th June 1989:Abstracts T.C.O.1 and M.C.P.63,欧洲专利申请公开号:EP-0382562)。结构式(Ⅰ)化合物是一种结构式(Ⅰ-1)和(Ⅰ-2)两个对映体的外消旋混合物:
尽管结构式(Ⅰ)化合物的对映体具有同等的抗HIV作用,而对映体之一(左旋对映体)比右旋对映体有相当低的细胞毒性。
左旋对映体的化学名称为(-)顺-4-氨基-1-(2-羟甲基-1,3-氧硫环戊烷基-5基)-(1H)-嘧啶-2-酮。它具有结构式(Ⅰ-1)化合物绝对的立体化学,结构式(Ⅰ-1)化合物的名称为(2R,顺)-4-氨基-1-(2-羟甲基-1,3-氧硫环戊烷基-5基)-(1H-嘧啶-2-酮,该化合物现称为3TC。
我们现已发现,结构式(Ⅰ)化合物,尤其是它的左旋对映体当与已知的HIV复制抑制剂共用时显示出意想不到的优点,特别是当它与已知的HIV复制抑制剂共用时表现出协同的抗病毒效果和/或消除细胞毒性。
因此,该发明的首要目的是提供一种组合物,包括结构式(Ⅰ)的化合物或一种其药物制剂上可接受的衍生物和一种HIV复制抑制剂。
抑制剂可包括任何HIV复制抑制剂而不管其抑制HIV复制的方式如何,抑制剂包括那些如抑制HIV逆转酶、HIV蛋白酶、TAT及类似的抑制剂。
抑制剂包括的例子有:3′-叠氮基-3′-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷(AZT,Zidovudine),2′,3′-二脱氧胞苷(ddc),2′,3′-二脱氧次黄苷(ddI),N′-[1cs)-苄基-3-[4a(S),8a(s)-3(s)-(叔-丁基氨基甲酰基)+氢异喹啉基-2基]-2(R)-羟丙基]-N″-(喹啉基-2-羰基)-L-天门冬酰胺(罗马尼亚专利RO31-8959)和(+)-S-4,5,6,7-四氢-5-甲基-6-(3-甲基-2-丁烯基)-咪唑并(4,5,1-jk)(1,4)-苯并二氮杂-2(1H)硫酮(R-82150;TIBO)或其药物制剂上可接受的衍生物。
优选的结构式(Ⅰ)化合物是它的左旋对映体的形式(3TC)。
优选的HIV复制抑制剂是选自AZT、ddI、RO31-8959或R-82150(TIBO)。
特别优选的HIV复制抑制剂是ddI或尤其是AZT。
当结构式(Ⅰ)的化合物是左旋对映体的形式时,它基本上不含有相应的右旋对映体,也就是说右旋对映体含量不超过约5%(W/W),优选的不超过约2%(W/W),尤其是低于约1%(W/W)。
关于″药物制剂上可接受的衍生物″的意思是指任何药物制剂上可接受的盐、酯、或其酯的盐、母核化合物或任何当用于受体时能够(直接或间接地)提供母核化合物或其有抗病毒活性的代谢产物或残基的其它化合物。
对于本专业技术人员来说可以想到结构式(Ⅰ)化合物可通过修饰碱基部分和氧硫环戊烷上羟甲基的功能基来提供其药物制剂上可接受的衍生物,所有这种功能基的修饰均包括在本发明的范围内,然而特别感兴趣的是通过氧硫环戊烷上的2-羟甲基的修饰来获得药物制剂上可接受的衍生物。
结构式(Ⅰ)化合物优选的酯包括化合物中2-羟甲基上的氢被酰基
取代生成的酯,其中酯的非羰基部分R选自氢、直链或支链烷基(如甲基、乙基、正-丙基、叔-丁基、正-丁基)、烷氧基烷基(如,甲氧基甲基)、芳烷基(如苄基)、芳氧基烷基(如苄氧基甲基)、芳香基(如由卤素、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基随意取代的苯基);磺酸酯(sulphonate esters)如烷基或芳烷基硫代酰基(如甲烷硫代酰基);氨基酸酯(如L-缬氨酰或L-异亮氨酰)和单、双或三磷酸酯。
关于上面所描述的酯,如果没有特殊说明,其中的烷基部分优选包含1-16个碳原子,特别是1-4个碳原子,该酯中好的芳基部分优选包含一个苯基。
尤其是,该酯可以是C1-16烷基酯、未取代的苄基酯或由至少一个卤素(溴、氯、氟、碘)、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、硝基或三氟甲基取代的苄基酯。
结构式(Ⅰ)化合物的药物制剂上可接受的盐包括那些制剂上可接受的无机和有机的酸、碱的衍生物。合适的酸的例子包括盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、高氯酸、延胡索酸、马来酸、磷酸、羟基乙酸、乳酸、水杨酸、琥珀酸、甲苯-对-磺酸、酒石酸、乙酸、枸椽酸、甲磺酸、甲酸、苯甲酸、丙二酸、萘-2-磺酸和苯磺酸。其它本身不属于药物制剂上可接受的酸如草酸也可用作获得本发明化合物和其制剂上可接受的酸加成的盐的中间体。
从适当的碱衍生的盐包括碱金属(如钠)、碱土金属(如镁)、NH4 +和NR4 +(其中R为C1-4烷基)的盐。
结构式(Ⅰ)化合物可与组合物中的第二组分产生协同作用和/或消除第二组分的细胞毒性。
结构式(Ⅰ)化合物与另一种抗病毒剂的优良效果可在宽的比例范围内被实现,如从1∶250到250∶1,合适的范围是1∶50到50∶1,特别是从1∶10到10∶1。方便的是:在组合物中,每种化合物的用量就是它们单独使用时能表现出抗病毒活性的量。
预计本组合物将普遍地用于人体的抵抗病毒感染或抵抗由病毒引起的肿瘤,而且在体外或体内用它们抑制病毒感染或肿瘤生长的方法也属于本发明的范围。
另一方面,提供一种治疗哺乳动物(包括人)的病毒感染的方法包括联合使用结构式(Ⅰ)的一种抗病毒化合物和HIV复制抑制剂,治疗方法包括使用结构式(Ⅰ)化合物和一种以上其它抗病毒剂的组合物,共服或配对组合的分服均包含在本发明的范围内。
可以想到,结构式(Ⅰ)化合物和另一种抗病毒剂,既可一并地、相继地使用也可组合使用。如果用法是相继的,与第二种活性组分使用的间隔时间不致于失去组合物的协同效果,优选的使用方法是同时使用。
本专业技术人员可以想到,这里的治疗将延伸到预防和对已发生的感染或症状的治疗。
更进一步地想到,用于治疗时本发明组合物所要求的量,不仅随特定化合物的选择而不同,而且随给药的途径、所治疗的自然条件、年龄、病情以及甚至因护理医生或兽医的意见而发生变化。然而总的来说,组合物中的各个活性组分合适的剂量范围约为1-750mg/kg,如约10-75mg/kg体重/天,3-120mg/kg体重/天,优选的范围为6-90mg/kg/天,最好的范围为15-60mg/kg/天。
理想剂量是一次剂量使用或在适当的时间间隔中分剂给药,如每天两次、三次、四次或更多的分剂量。
本发明组合物以单位剂量形式给药为方便,如每单位剂量中包含10-1500mg的每种活性组分,方便地为20-1000mg,最方便的是50-700mg。
理想地,给药后将使各个活性化合物的血浆峰值浓度达到约1-75mM,较好约为2-50mM,最好约为3-30mM。为实现这一目的,可以例如通过静脉注射0.1-5%活性组分的溶液,也可以是盐溶液,或口服给药每剂含有约1-100mg每种活性组分的大丸药。理想的血液水平可通过连续输入约0.01-5.0mg/kg/小时或通过间歇输入每剂约含0.4-15mg/kg的每种活性组分来维持。
尽管出于治疗的目的,组合物中的活性组分可以是化学粗制品,但是,本组合物最好以药物制剂形式使用。
本发明进一步提供一种药物制剂包括结构式(Ⅰ)化合物或其药物制剂上可接受的衍生物和HIV复制抑制剂,与其一种或多种制剂上可接受的载体及任意的其它具有治疗和/或预防作用的组分。载体必须是″可接受的″,在这种意义上说:与其它制剂组分是兼容的并对其受体是无害的。
药物制剂包括适于口腔、直肠、鼻腔、表皮(包括颊和舌下)、阴道或非肠道(包括肌肉、皮下和静脉)给药或适于通过吸入法或吹入法给药。在合适的情况下,本发明组合物可以是分剂量单位给药,并可通过药学领域中公知的方法制得。所有的方法都包括将液体载体或能很好分散的固体载体与活性化合物结合在一起的步骤,如果需要,再将产品制成所需制剂。
适用于口服给药的药物制剂方便的可以是分散的单位,如分别各含有预定量的活性组分的胶囊剂、扁囊剂或片剂;可以是粉剂或颗粒剂,也可以是溶液剂、混悬剂或乳剂。活性组分可以大药丸、药糖剂或糊剂形式提供。口服给药的片剂和胶囊剂可含有常规的赋形剂如粘合剂、填充剂、润滑剂、崩解剂或润湿剂,片剂可按现有技术中公知的方法包衣。口服液体制剂可以是如水或油的混悬剂、溶液剂、乳剂、糖浆剂或酏剂的形式,或者可以干产品的形式提供,用前再与水或其它合适的媒介物配制。此液体制剂可包含常规的添加物如混悬剂、乳化剂、非水媒介物(可包括食用油)或防腐剂。
按照本发明,化合物也可以制备成非肠道给药的剂型(如注射剂如局部注射或连续输注),其剂型包装可以是安瓿、预先填充的注射器、小容量输液的单位剂量包装或是含有防腐剂的多剂量容器。该组合物可制成混悬液、溶液或在油或水媒介中的乳液的形式,也可含有赋形剂如助悬剂、稳定剂和/或分散剂。另外,活性组分可通过灭菌固体的无菌分装或通过溶液的冷冻干燥而获得粉剂,用前,再以合适的溶媒如无菌无热原的水溶解。
用于表皮的局部给药,按本发明化合物可为软膏剂、霜剂或洗剂、或者为透皮膏贴。比如软膏剂和霜剂可由水性或油性基质中加入合适的增稠剂和/或胶水剂而构成。洗剂可由水性或油性基质构成,且一般含有一种或多种乳化剂、稳定剂、分散剂、助悬剂、增稠剂或调色剂。
适于口腔局部给药的制剂包括由活性组分和蔗糖和阿拉伯胶或西黄蓍胶香味基质组成的锭制,由活性组分和明胶与甘油或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶等惰性基质组成的软锭剂,由活性组分和合适的液体载体组成的漱口剂。
载体是固体的适于直肠给药的药物制剂最好是单位剂量栓剂,合适的载体包括可可脂和其它现有技术中的常用材料。栓剂可通过将活性组分与软性或可熔性载体混合,经在模中冷却成形而制成。
适于阴道给药的制剂可以是除含有活性组分外还含有现有技术中已知理想的载体的阴道栓、棉塞、霜剂、胶剂、糊剂、泡剂或喷雾剂。
用于鼻腔给药,本发明的化合物可以是液体喷雾剂或可分散的粉剂或滴剂形式。
滴剂可由水性或非水性基质构成,并且还含有一种以上的分散剂、溶解剂或混悬剂。液体喷雾剂可由压力瓶来方便地给药。
用于吸入给药,按本发明,化合物可以通过吹入器、喷雾器或压力瓶可以含有一种合适的推进剂如二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、二氧化碳或其它合适的气体。压力气雾剂剂量单位可由所提供的阀门计量来决定。
另外,吸入法或吹入法给药,按本发明,化合物可制成干粉组合物,如化合物与合适的粉性基质如乳糖或淀粉组成的粉状混合物。干粉组合物可以是单位剂量形式,如胶囊剂或药筒(cartridges)或明胶剂或发泡剂(blister packs),这粉末可以借助吸入器或吹入器给药。
上述所描述的适于提供持续释放活性组分的制剂均可被使用。
按本发明,药物组合物也可包含如其它抗微生物剂的活性组分或防腐剂。
结构式(Ⅰ)化合物可通过欧洲专利申请公开号0382562中所描述的方法而获得。
它的单一对映体可由外消旋体通过任何现有技术中已知的方法将外消旋体分离拆开而获得。尤其是它们可通过手工操作高压液相色谱(HPLC)、使用如胞苷脱氨基酶进行酶调节对映体选择性代谢或通过使用5′核苷对合适的衍生物进行选择性的酶降解来获得。3TC的制备方法在国际专利申请公开号WO91/17159中有所描述。
下面例子说明本发明但并不仅仅以此为限。中间体15-甲氧基-1,3-氧硫环戊烷基-2-甲醇苯甲酸酯
将氯化锌(1.6g)的热甲醇(15ml)溶液加到搅拌的巯基乙醛,二甲基乙缩醛(34.2g)和苯甲酰氧基乙醛(48.3g)的甲苯溶液(1300ml)中,然后在通氮气加热回流50分钟,冷却后的混合物浓缩,用甲苯稀释,然后经硅藻土(kiesulguhr)过滤。结合的滤液和甲苯经饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液(两次)和盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),蒸发后得到挥发油,然后经硅胶(2kg,merok9385)柱层析,氯仿洗脱,得到端基异构混合物(约1∶1)的油状物(45.1g)即为标题产物;1HNMR(DMSO-d6)3.1-3.3(4H),3.42(6H),4.4-4.6(4H),5.41(1H),5.46(1H),5.54(1H),5.63(1H).7.46(4H),7.58(2H),8.07(4H);γmax(CHBr3)1717.6cm-1。中间体2(±)-顺-1-(2-苯甲酰基氧基甲基-1,3-氧硫环戊烷基-5-基)-(1H)-嘧啶-2,4-二酮
将尿嘧啶细粉(9.62g)、六甲基乙硅烷(50ml)和硫酸铵(30mg)混合物在氮气环境中加热回流直到获得透明溶液,冷却并蒸发得有色油状物,在氮气环境中溶于100毫升乙腈。将该溶液加到冰冷搅拌的5-甲氧基-1,3-氧硫环戊烷基-2-甲醇苯甲酸酯(中间体1)(19.43g)的乙腈溶液(600ml)中并加入三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲烷磺酸盐(14.7ml),移去冰浴并将溶液在氮气环境下加热回流45分钟,冷却并蒸发后,残渣用氯仿/甲醇/9∶1从1千克硅胶(Merck9385)的柱层析上洗脱而得到纯化。适当馏分被冷却并蒸发得到粗品,经最小量的热甲醇(L,1200ml)分步结晶得到白色结晶状的标题化合物(6.32g)。1HNMR(d6DMSO)δ11.36(1H,bs),7.50-8.00(6H,m),6.20(1H,t),5.46(2H,m),4.62(2H,m),3.48(1H,m),3.25(1H,m)。中间体3(±)-(顺)-4-氨基-1-(2-苯甲酰基氧基甲基-1,3-氧硫环戊烷基-5基)-(1H)-嘧啶-2-酮方法(a)
将胞嘧啶(20.705g)和硫酸铵(几mg)的六甲基二硅烷混悬液(110ml)在氮气环境中搅拌并加热回流
小时,蒸去溶剂,并将固体残渣溶于无水乙腈(350ml)中,在氮气环境中采用挠性针状技术(flexible needle techniques)移入搅拌的冰冷的5-甲氧-1,3-氧硫环戊烷基-2-甲醇苯甲酸酯(中间体1)(43.57g)的乙腈溶液中(650ml),并加入三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲烷磺酸盐(33ml),将溶液恢复到环境温度(1/2小时),然后加热回流过夜。该残余混合物经浓缩,用碳酸氢钠的饱和水溶液(500ml)稀释,然后用乙酸乙酯(3×500ml)提取3次,合并的提取液用水(2×25ml)和盐水(250ml)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),然后蒸发得泡沫状物经硅胶(600g,Merk 7734)柱层析,用乙酸乙酯-甲醇混合物洗脱,得到端基异构混合物(约1∶131.59g),该混合物经水(45ml)和乙醇(9.0ml)结晶得到固体物(10.23g),再经乙醇(120ml)和水(30ml)重结晶得到白色固体(9.26g)即标题产物;λmax(MeOH)229.4mm(E1cm 1%610);272.4mm(E1cm 1%293);1HNMR(DMSOd6)δ3.14(1H),3.50(1H),4.07(2H),5.52(1H),5.66(1H),6.28(1H),7.22(2H),7.56(2H),7.72(2H),8.10(2H)。方法(b)
将三氯氧化磷(7.0ml)滴加到搅拌的、冰冷的1,2,4-三唑(11.65g)的乙腈混悬液(120ml)中,保持内部温度低于15℃,再滴加三乙基氨(22.7ml),10分钟后,缓慢加入(±)-顺-1-(2-苯甲酰基氧基甲基-1,3-氧硫环戊烷基-5基)-(1H)-嘧啶-2,4-二酮(中间体2)(6.27g)的乙腈溶液(330ml),在室温下继续搅拌过夜,混合物通过冰浴的方式冷却并缓慢加入三乙基氨后(30ml),再加入水(21ml),将所得溶液蒸发,残渣在饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液(400ml)和氯仿(3×200ml)间进行分配,合并所得氯仿提取物,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并蒸干得到粗品(9.7g),粗品溶于1,4-二噁烷(240ml)并加入浓氨水(比重0.880,50ml),经11/2小时后,将溶液蒸干并将残渣溶于甲醇,滤掉固体沉淀物,母液硅胶(Merk 9385.600g)柱层析纯化,适当馏分经沉集和蒸干得到浅黄褐色固体(2.188g)的标题化合物,获得与方法(a)所得到的相同的物质。中间体4(±)-(顺)-4-氨基-1-(2-羟甲基-1,3-氧硫环戊烷基-5基)-(1H)-嘧啶-2-酮
将(顺)-4-氨基-1-(2-苯甲酰基氧基甲基-1,3-氧硫环戊烷基-5-基)-(1H)-嘧啶-2-酮(中间体3)(8.19g)和阴离子交换树脂-400(OH)(8.24g)的甲醇(250ml)混悬液搅拌并加热回流11/4小时,滤去固体物质并用甲醇洗涤,合并的滤液蒸干,残渣经乙酸乙酯(800ml)研制,经过滤而收集的白色固体得到标题产品(5.09g)。1HNNR(DMSO-d6)3.04(1H),3.40(1H),3.73(2H),5.29(1H),5.73(1H),6.21(1H),7.19(2H),7.81(1H)。实施例1(-)-顺-4-氨基-1-(2-羟甲基-1,3-氧硫环戊烷基-5基)-(1H)-嘧啶-2-酮
(ⅰ)用从营养琼脂盘上刮得的大肠肝菌(ATCC 23848)接种三个50毫升烧瓶的营养肉汤培养基(oxiod Ltd.)。烧瓶在以250转/分钟振摇下37℃培养过夜,然后用每个烧瓶在7升的发酵桶中用于接种4升的CDD培养基(谷氨酸3g/L;MgSO40.2g/L;K2SO42.5g/L;NaCl2.3g/L;Na2HPO4·2H2O1.1g/L;NaH2PO4·2H2O0.6g/L;胞嘧啶核苷1.2g/L),该培养物在750转/分,37℃温度、4升/分钟通气下发酵。生长24小时后的细胞经离心(5000g,30分钟)收集,湿重产量72克。细胞片再次混悬于300毫升的20mm的三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸(TrisHCl)缓冲液(PH7.5)中并经超声处理破碎(4×45秒),经离心(30.000g,30分钟)去除细胞碎片并经加入75%饱和的硫酸铵沉淀上清液中的蛋白质。经离心(30,000g,30分钟)收集沉淀物并将其再次混悬于25毫升含有硫酸铵(75%饱和)的HEPES缓冲液中(100mm,PH7.0),经在2,000转/分的转速下离心30分钟制得酶液,弃去上清液并将下层片溶于TrisHCl缓冲液(PM,7.0,100mM)到原体积。
(ⅱ)中间体4(115mg)溶于水中(100ml),并搅拌,加入酶液(0.5ml),混合物经续加HCl(25mM)而维持恒定的PH,由手征性HPLC监测转变情况,表明其中底物的右旋对映物被优先脱去氨基,22小时后,底物的右旋对映物(保留时间12.5分钟)已完全被消除,续加入浓氢氧化钠将溶液PH调到10.5。
上述得到的溶液通过季胺乙基交联葡聚糖预平衡PH11柱(A25,pharmacia 30×1.6cm)洗脱,用水(200ml)和HCl(0.1M)先后洗涤柱子,收集馏分(40ml),并经反相HPLC分析,将含有未反应的底物左旋对映体的馏分5-13合并并用HCl调PH为7.5,含有脱氨产物的馏分47用稀NaOH调PH到7.5。经手征性HPLC分析表明被检测的材料是由一个对映体(保留时间10.2分钟)为主要成分和其它对映体(保留时间8.5分钟)为次要组分组成(相差约90%)的混合物。
(ⅲ)上述步骤(ⅱ)在大规模下进行重复,溶于250毫升水的实施例1化合物(363mg)用步骤(ⅰ)中所制得的酶溶液(0.5ml)进行培养,分别在18和H47小时时加入等量(0.5ml)的酶液。反应混合物搅拌70小时,然后放置64小时,经手征性HPLC分析,表明底物的右旋对映体已完全被脱去氨基,将所得溶液的PH用NaOH调到10.5。
将上述溶液装于同样的季胺乙基(OAE)柱上,并如步骤(ⅰ)的方法洗脱,将含有残余底物和脱氨产物的馏分2-6合并,含有残余底物(左旋对映体)的馏分7-13被合并并调PH至7.5,含有脱氨基产物的馏分25-26被合并并中和。
将上述馏分2-6在同样的季胺乙基柱上重新洗脱,此次洗脱后的馏分3-11包含未反应成分(左旋对映体),馏分70包含脱氨基产物。
(ⅳ)将步骤(ⅱ)和(ⅲ)中馏分分离物合并并调PH为7.5,此溶液通过填充在水中的XAD-16(40×2.4cm)柱被洗脱,该柱用水洗然后用丙酮∶水(1∶4v/v)洗脱将含有所需的左旋对映体的馏分合并并冷冻干燥得白色粉末(190mg)。
使用上述HPLC方法如下:
1、反相HPLC分析
柱:基本柱体Spherisorb ODS-2(5μm)150×4.6mm
洗脱剂:磷酸二氢铵(50mM)+5%甲氰
流速;1.5毫升/分钟
检测:UV270nm
保留时间:BCH189 5.5分钟
:脱氨基BCH-189 8.1分钟
2、手征性HPLC分析
柱:环键Ⅰ乙酰基(Cycloband I Acetyl)250×4.6mm
洗脱剂:0.2%三乙基乙酸胺(PH7.2)
流速:1.0毫升/分钟
检测:UV270nm
保留时间:BCH189 11.0和12.5分钟
:脱氨基BCH-189 8.5和10.2分钟(生物转化之后监测在12.5分钟峰值的衰减并收集10.2分钟产品)。实施例23.1单独或组合的抗病毒活性。
首先将化合物以两倍递减的方式严格稀释在96-孔微量滴定板中,将每个化合物的单一或组合物的稀释液的25毫升等分试样混合而制得滴定方格盘(最终体积为50毫升的新的96-孔微量滴定板)。用HIV-1RF株以2×10-3mol/细胞的感染剂量感染RPMI1640生长培养基中的MT-4细胞等份试样(106细胞/ml)。病毒在室温下被吸附90分钟之后将细胞在RPMI1640生长培养基中洗涤除去未吸收的病毒,再次以106细胞/毫升混悬于RPMI1640生长培养基中,将50毫升感染细胞混悬液在含有化合物或仅含有生长培养基的孔中接种。将50毫升假性感染细胞的混悬液在未含化合物的孔中接种,该板在37℃、5%二氧化碳/空气下培养7天。
培养后,将所有的孔中加入7.5毫克/毫升的3-[4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基]-2,5-二苯基四吡咯溴化物(MTT)10毫升并将此板在37C下进一步培养90分钟,然后加入150毫升10%(V/V)的Tritonx-100的异丙醇溶液而使细胞混悬。室温下15分钟后,该板在405nm波长处经Mutiskan MC(Flow labora tories,Irvine Uk)读数器分析,黄色NTT转化为其甲衍生物在未感染未处理细胞中最多,在未处理感染细胞中没有。
绘制关于各个单一化合物(Ic50%值)的量效曲线和各个化合物在第二个化合物固定浓度下双向滴定的量效曲线,并绘制所有有Ic50%值的化合物组合物的(isobolograms)量效曲线。
图1-5是3TC分别与AZT、ddc、ddI、Ro31-8959及R-82150(TIBO)组合的isobolograms。如果化合物组合物的Ic50%值落在其自身单一化合物的Ic50%线上,那么两个化合物的作用是相加的;如果组合物的Ic50%落在线的左边,化合物的作用是协同的。
3TC与AZT、ddc、ddI、Ro31-8959及R-82150(TIBO)组合的量效曲线分别可见图1-5。
当检测组合物的抗病毒活性时,没有发现毒副作用。实施例3单一化合物和其组合物的细胞毒性
在这些实验中,3TC、AZT及ddc的单一化合物及其组合物(mg/ml比例为1∶1、1∶5和5∶1)的细胞毒性在未感染外周血液淋巴细胞(PBL)和确定的T-淋巴细胞系进行比较。
使用[3H]-胸苷吸收检测装置来测量细胞毒性,由单一化合物或1∶1组合在PBL细胞中获得的典型的量效曲线可见图6和7。
Claims (4)
1.一种制备协同组合物的方法,所述组合物包含(2R,顺)-4-氨基-1-(2-羟甲基-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷-5-基)-1H-嘧啶-2-酮(3TC)或其药物上可接受的盐、酯或所述酯的盐,以及3′-叠氮基-3′-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷或其药物上可接受的盐、酯或所述酯的盐,所述方法包含任选在一种或多种药物上可接受的载体的存在下,使(2R,顺)-4-氨基-1-(2-羟甲基-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷-5-基)-1H-嘧啶-2-酮(3TC)或其药物上可接受的盐、酯或所述酯的盐与协同用量的3′-叠氮基-3′-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷(AZT)或其药物上可接受的盐、酯或所述酯的盐混合。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其中所述3TC基本上没有相应的(+)对映体。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中3TC与AZT的重量比为250∶1至1∶250。
4.一种制备协同药物制剂的方法,所述药物制剂包含(2R,顺)-4-氨基-1-(2-羟甲基-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷-5-基)-1H-嘧啶-2-酮(3TC)或其药物上可接受的盐、酯或所述酯的盐,以及3′-叠氮基-3′-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷或其药物上可接受的盐、酯或所述酯的盐,以及药物上可接受的载体,所述方法包含,使(2R,顺)-4-氨基-1-(2-羟甲基-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷-5-基)-1H-嘧啶-2-酮(3TC)或其药物上可接受的盐、酯或所述酯的盐与3′-叠氮基-3′-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷或其药物上可接受的盐、酯或所述酯的盐以及药物上可接受的载体混合。
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1993
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1994
- 1994-03-28 US US08/219,176 patent/US5627186A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-02-07 GR GR960400321T patent/GR3018915T3/el unknown
- 1996-02-22 US US08/605,610 patent/US5859021A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-06-12 HK HK78897A patent/HK78897A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-04-24 LU LU90234C patent/LU90234I2/fr unknown
- 1998-04-28 NL NL980018C patent/NL980018I2/nl unknown
-
1999
- 1999-07-22 NO NO1999018C patent/NO1999018I1/no unknown
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