CN104591774B - A kind of processing method of light foaming concrete decorative block - Google Patents

Abstract

A processing method for lightweight foamed concrete decorative blocks The invention belongs to the technical field of energy-saving building materials. By making full use of the characteristics of waste glass, the block has low density, thermal insulation, crack resistance, good decorative effect, simple preparation process and low cost. The present invention includes cement, glass granules, fly ash, mica flakes, modifiers, water; glass granules larger than 4.75mm account for 9-20%, 4.75-2.36mm account for 45-62%, and 2.36-1.18mm account for 13% -25%, 1.18-0.60mm accounted for 10-19%, 0.60-0.30mm accounted for 4-12%, <0.30mm accounted for 3-8%. The decorative block prepared by the invention is a kind of lightweight concrete with a porous structure, and the shrinkage rate is very large, which is 5-10 times that of ordinary concrete. If the glass participates in the alkali-aggregate reaction to expand, not only will it not cause structural damage to the foamed concrete decorative block, but the micro-expansion caused by the alkali-aggregate reaction will compensate for the shrinkage of the foamed concrete decorative block and improve its volume stability. High compressive strength, good decorative effect, high flame retardancy, good durability, and extremely high leakage resistance.

Description

A processing method of lightweight foamed concrete decorative block

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy-saving building materials, and relates to a processing method capable of making full use of waste glass to make lightweight foamed concrete decorative blocks and the processed blocks.

Background technique

Glass is widely used in construction, shipbuilding, daily use, medical treatment, chemistry, electronics, instrumentation, nuclear engineering and other fields, and has become an indispensable new material for people's life, production and cutting-edge technology. At the same time, it is inevitable to produce a lot of glass waste, forming a large amount of waste glass. As far as glass manufacturers are concerned, under normal production conditions, the corner glass cut from the original plate glass accounts for 15-25% of the total glass production, and a considerable part of waste glass is produced during regular shutdowns, accounting for 5-10% of the total glass production. Glass packaging bottles and jars and broken glass window fragments discarded in people's daily life are also one of the sources of waste glass. According to the statistics of some developed countries in Europe and the United States, the amount of waste glass accounts for 4-8% of the total urban waste. As one of the important components of construction waste, cullet is regarded as an impurity and its content is strictly limited in the domestic and foreign standards for recycled aggregates for concrete. Therefore, in the recycling of construction waste resources, it is necessary to find a suitable recycling method for cullet.

In the past ten years, my country has continued to implement building energy-saving policies, develop green buildings and circular economy, and attach great importance to the research, development and application of energy-saving lightweight building materials. Therefore, foamed concrete has been continuously developed and applied in wall masonry blocks, roof insulation panels, wall insulation panels, and composite wall panels. The decorative concrete blocks have also been developed simultaneously, and with the continuous increase in the production and application of decorative concrete blocks, the use area has also continued to expand, and the specifications and varieties have also shown an increasing trend. The surface has a decorative effect similar to natural stone. Decorative concrete blocks are mainly used as wall materials for buildings. After being built with them, no external decoration is required, and they can also be used in municipal, water conservancy, gardening and other landscape projects. How to further improve the decorative effect of decorative concrete blocks, reduce the weight of masonry, and improve thermal performance is one of the development directions of decorative concrete blocks.

At present, in domestic and foreign technical standards for recycled aggregates from construction waste, cullet is usually classified as an impurity and its content is required to be controlled. The reason is that glass may participate in the alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete and cause expansion, resulting in damage to ordinary concrete structures.

There is no shortage of technical solutions using powdered glass cullets as building block components in the domestic prior art, such as "Application Number: 201210149232.4, Name: A Heavy Concrete Internal Curing Material and Its Preparation Method" and "Application Number: 201410076920.1, Title: A patent document of an environmentally friendly recycled glass brick using cement as a coagulating material and its manufacturing method. However, in use, the glass is crushed into a powder state as a component to increase the density of the block; even sintering treatment is required during the molding process (to form a similar ceramic phase to increase the strength of the block). We think that the performance of waste glass has not been fully utilized in the prior art.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a light-weight foamed concrete decorative block that makes full use of the characteristics of waste glass, makes the block density small, thermal insulation, crack resistance, and decorative effect, and has a simple preparation process and low cost. processing method.

The technical scheme of the present invention is: comprise the following components by weight:

Cement is 18%-40%,

Glass cullet is 20%-50%,

Fly ash is 10%-40%,

Mica flakes are 0.5%-2.3%,

The modifier is 2.4%-4.2%,

Water is 26%-39%;

After mixing the above components by weight, add 0.3%-1.7% hydrogen peroxide of the total weight of materials other than water, and then stir at a high speed to make a foamed concrete decorative block slurry. After pouring into the mold, foaming, Manufactured through the steps of demoulding, curing and finishing;

The glass cullets include particle sizes larger than 4.75mm, 4.75-2.36mm, 2.36-1.18mm, 1.18-0.60mm, 0.60-0.30mm and less than 0.30mm; The proportion of the total is:

More than 4.75mm accounted for 9-20%, 4.75-2.36mm accounted for 45-62%, 2.36-1.18mm accounted for 13-25%, 1.18-0.60mm accounted for 10-19%, 0.60-0.30mm accounted for 4-12%, < 0.30mm accounts for 3-8%.

The glass cullet is processed by a particle shaping device; the glass crushing device includes an outer cylinder, an inner roller, a machine base and a driving device, and the outer cylinder and the inner roller are arranged eccentrically so that the distance between the outer cylinder and the inner roller is There is an eccentric annular gap between them; a ring of corundum crushing surface 1 is provided on the inner surface of the outer cylinder, a corundum crushing surface 2 is provided on the surface of the inner roller, and a feeding The mouth and the bottom are provided with a discharge port; the driving device includes a driving motor and a driving gear.

An annular guide rail is provided on the top surface of the base, the outer cylinder is movably connected to the annular guide rail through a support frame, and a ring gear is arranged outside the outer cylinder, and the driving gear meshes with the ring gear;

The inner roller is fixedly arranged on the machine base.

The outer cylinder is fixedly connected to the machine base through a support frame;

The inner roller is movably connected to the fixed column through the plane bearing, and the fixed column is fixedly connected with the machine base; the top of the inner roller is provided with a driving shaft, and the driving shaft is provided with a transmission gear, and the driving gear and The drive gear meshes.

Screening is performed on the glass cullets output from the outlet.

The glass cullets with particle sizes greater than 4.75mm, 4.75-2.36mm and 2.36-1.18mm need to be treated by chemical erosion respectively, and the etching agent used in the chemical erosion treatment is composed of HF, NH ₄ and water.

The mica scales are 20-100 mesh, and the average aspect ratio is 35-78.

Also add 0.2%-4.6% of the total weight of pigments except water, the pigments are iron oxide series pigments, which are iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide black, iron oxide purple, iron oxide brown and iron oxide green. One or any combination of two or more.

The modifier is polycarboxylate superplasticizer, aluminum sulfate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, organic silicon, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, metasilicate, polypropylene fiber, kaolin 1, or any two or more of ammonium stearate.

The foamed concrete decorative block made by the processing method of the present invention has a dry apparent density of 600-1200kg/m ³ , a pore diameter of 0.1-0.5mm, and uniform distribution of pores, and the cubic compressive strength can reach 2.5 -15.0MPa, the thermal conductivity is 0.13-0.28W/mK.

The present invention mainly has following characteristics:

1. The invention is a decorative structural material or decorative material with thermal insulation function for industrial and civil building enclosure structures and a lightweight decorative material for municipal, water conservancy, landscape and other projects, and is a multifunctional new building material product.

2. The invention adopts foamed concrete to prepare decorative blocks, and by adjusting the dry apparent density and product thickness of the foamed concrete, the heat transfer coefficient of the foamed concrete decorative block masonry can meet the requirements of national building energy-saving standards. While significantly reducing the density of existing decorative concrete blocks (bricks), the thermal performance of decorative blocks is effectively improved.

3. The following three technical measures adopted by the present invention can improve the decorative effect of foamed concrete: (1) Composition optimization: use glass granules with different particle gradations, mica flakes with different dosages, pigments with different dosages and colors; 2) Chemical foaming: different pore diameters can be made by adjusting the composition of modifiers; (3) Finishing processing: splitting, polishing, sandblasting, chiseling, old-making and other processes are used.

4. The present invention adopts the technological process of waste glass processing and particle size optimization→foaming concrete slurry preparation→foaming concrete decorative block molding→finishing processing, etc., which can realize the industrialization and automatic production of foamed concrete decorative blocks, with high production efficiency and Low labor intensity.

5. The invention utilizes waste glass, fly ash and other solid wastes, and conforms to the national strategy of developing circular economy, low-carbon economy and sustainable development.

6. The product of the invention can be widely used in industrial and civil construction, municipal, water conservancy, landscape and other engineering decorative structural materials or decoration materials, and its surface can form unique and unprecedented surface effects through the aforementioned different finishing processes.

7. The foamed concrete decorative block prepared by the manufacturing method of the present invention makes full use of the spatial framework formed by broken glass particles of different sizes in the foamed concrete, so that the overall block not only has low density, but also has high overall compressive strength, The crack resistance is good, and the glass particles exposed on the surface are not easy to fall off due to chemical treatment. The dry apparent density of the finished product is 600-1200kg/m ³ , the pore diameter is 0.1-0.5mm, and the pores are evenly distributed. The compressive strength of the cube is 2.5-15.0MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.13-0.28W/(mK). The decorative effect is good. , At the same time, it has good impermeability, non-combustibility and durability.

The decorative block prepared by the invention is a kind of lightweight concrete with a porous structure, and the shrinkage rate is very large, which is 5-10 times that of ordinary concrete. If the glass participates in the alkali-aggregate reaction to expand, not only will it not cause structural damage to the foamed concrete decorative block, but the micro-expansion caused by the alkali-aggregate reaction will compensate for the shrinkage of the foamed concrete decorative block and improve its volume stability. High compressive strength, good decorative effect, high flame retardancy, good durability, and extremely high leakage resistance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the microstructure schematic diagram of finished product of the present invention,

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the particle shaping device in the present invention,

Figure 3 is a top view of Figure 2,

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the particle shaping device in the present invention,

In the figure, A1 is glass cullets larger than 4.75mm, A2 is 4.75-2.36mm glass cullets, A3 is 2.36-1.18mm glass cullets, A4 is 1.18-0.60mm glass cullets, A5 is 0.60-0.30mm glass cullets , A6 is glass cullets less than 0.30mm, B is air bubbles, C is mica scales;

1 is the outer cylinder, 11 is the corundum crushing working surface 1, 12 is the ring gear, 13 is the support frame, 2 is the inner roller, 21 is the corundum crushing working surface 2, 22 is the fixed column, 23 is the driving shaft, 24 is the transmission gear , 3 is a gap, 31 is a discharge port, 4 is a support, 41 is an annular guide rail, 42 is a discharge port on the support, and 5 is a driving gear.

detailed description

The technical scheme of the present invention is: comprise the following components by weight:

Cement is 18%-40%,

Glass cullet is 20%-50%,

Fly ash is 10%-40%,

Mica flakes are 0.5%-2.3%,

The modifier is 2.4%-4.2%,

Water is 26%-39%;

After mixing the above components by weight, add 0.3%-1.7% hydrogen peroxide of the total weight of materials other than water, and then stir at a high speed to make a foamed concrete decorative block slurry. After pouring into the mold, foaming, Manufactured through the steps of demoulding, curing and finishing;

The glass cullets include particle sizes larger than 4.75mm, 4.75-2.36mm, 2.36-1.18mm, 1.18-0.60mm, 0.60-0.30mm and less than 0.30mm; The proportion of the total is:

More than 4.75mm accounted for 9-20%, 4.75-2.36mm accounted for 45-62%, 2.36-1.18mm accounted for 13-25%, 1.18-0.60mm accounted for 10-19%, 0.60-0.30mm accounted for 4-12%, less than 0.30mm accounts for 3-8%.

Glass cullets are processed by a particle shaping device; as shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4, the glass crushing device includes an outer cylinder 1, an inner roller 2, a machine base 4 and a driving device, and the outer cylinder 1 and the inner roller 2 Eccentric setting, so that there is an eccentric annular gap 3 between the outer cylinder 1 and the inner roller 2; a circle of corundum crushing working surface 11 is provided on the inner surface of the outer cylinder 1, A corundum crushing working surface 21 is provided on the surface, a feed inlet and a discharge outlet 31 are provided at the top of the outer cylinder 1 ; the driving device includes a driving motor and a driving gear 5 .

There are two implementations of the particle shaping device for glass cullets in the present invention. The first one is shown in FIGS. Connected to the ring guide rail 41 , a ring gear 12 is arranged outside the outer cylinder 1 , and the drive gear 5 meshes with the ring gear 12 ; the inner roller 2 is fixedly arranged on the machine base 4 . At the bottom of the machine base 4 , a material outlet 42 on the machine base is provided at a position facing the material outlet 31 .

In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the outer cylinder 1 is fixedly connected to the base 4 through a support frame 13;

The inner roller 2 is movably connected to the fixed column 22 through a plane bearing, and the fixed column 22 is fixedly connected to the machine base 4; the top of the inner roller 2 is provided with a driving shaft 23, and the driving shaft 23 is provided with a transmission gear 24 , the driving gear 5 meshes with the transmission gear 24 . At the bottom of the machine base 4 , a material outlet 42 on the machine base is provided at a position facing the material outlet 31 .

In consideration of efficiency, the glass cullets output from the outlet 31 are screened.

The glass cullets with particle sizes greater than 4.75mm, 4.75-2.36mm and 2.36-1.18mm need to be treated by chemical erosion respectively, and the etching agent used in the chemical erosion treatment is composed of HF, NH ₄ and water. The purpose is to make a large number of pits appear on the smooth surface of the glass granules, improve the bonding strength between the foamed concrete matrix and the glass granules, and thus improve the strength of the foamed concrete decorative block as a whole.

On the whole, the glass cullet preparation process used in the present invention is:

(1) Clean the waste glass, dry it and break it into glass cullets whose maximum size does not exceed 10.0mm;

(2) After sieving, the glass cullets with a particle size greater than 4.75mm, 4.75-2.36mm, and 2.36-1.18mm are subjected to particle shaping, and then sieved;

(3) If necessary, chemically etch the glass cullets with particle sizes greater than 4.75mm, 4.75-2.36mm, and 2.36-1.18mm after particle shaping and re-screening, respectively, and then wash and dry them. Dry.

The mica scales are 20-100 mesh, and the average aspect ratio is 35-78.

Also add 0.2%-4.6% of the total weight of the pigment except water, the pigment is iron oxide series pigments, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide black, iron oxide purple, iron oxide brown and iron oxide green One or any combination of two or more. In essence, it is to configure the overall tone to match the decorative effect.

The modifier is polycarboxylate superplasticizer, aluminum sulfate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, organic silicon, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, metasilicate, polypropylene fiber, kaolin 1, or any two or more of ammonium stearate.

In the present invention, the glass cullets with "gradient" granule size participate in the alkali-aggregate reaction to cause expansion, but it will not cause damage to the structure of the foamed concrete decorative block. Instead, the micro-expansion compensation caused by the alkali-aggregate reaction The foam concrete decorative block shrinks, improving its volume stability. As shown in Figure 1.

The foamed concrete decorative block made by the processing method of the present invention has a dry apparent density of 600-1200kg/m ³ , a pore diameter of 0.1-0.5mm, and uniform distribution of pores, and the cubic compressive strength can reach 2.5 -15.0MPa, the thermal conductivity is 0.13-0.28W/(mK).

The following three technical measures adopted in the present invention can improve the decorative effect of foamed concrete decorative blocks: (1) Composition optimization: use glass granules with different particle gradations, mica scales with different dosages, different dosages and colors of Pigments; (2) Chemical foaming: the pore size of different pores can be made by adjusting the composition of modifiers; (3) Finishing processing: splitting, polishing, sandblasting, chiseling, old-making and other processes are used.

Embodiment one:

Take 180kg of cement, 200kg of glass cullet, 100kg of fly ash, 5kg of mica flakes (100 mesh), 24kg of modifier, and 260kg of water; mix evenly, then add 3kg of hydrogen peroxide, and stir at high speed to make foamed concrete for decorative masonry The block slurry is poured into the mold and then foamed, demoulded, cured, and then finished by finishing treatment;

Among them, the particle size and weight of glass cullets are: 40kg for larger than 4.75mm, 113kg for 4.75-2.36mm, 13kg for 2.36-1.18mm, 20kg for 1.18-0.60mm, 8kg for 0.60-0.30mm and 6kg for smaller than 0.30mm .

Among them, glass cullets with a particle size greater than 4.75mm, 4.75-2.36mm and 2.36-1.18mm need to be treated by chemical erosion respectively, and the chemical erosion treatment uses hydrofluoric acid solution.

Pigments are assembled according to customer requirements.

The modifier is polycarboxylate high-efficiency water reducer, aluminum sulfate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, organic silicon, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, metasilicate, polypropylene fiber, kaolin and hard Fatty acid ammonia compound.

The dry apparent density of the block is 600kg/m ³ , the pore diameter is 0.5mm, and the pores are evenly distributed. The cubic compressive strength can reach 10.0MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.13W/(mK).

Embodiment two:

Take 400kg of cement, 500kg of glass cullet, 400kg of fly ash, 23kg of mica flakes (4kg for 20 mesh, 19kg for 50 mesh), 42kg of modifier, and 390kg of water; mix them evenly, then add hydrogen peroxide with a total weight of 17kg, and stir at a high speed. Foamed concrete decorative block slurry is poured into the mold and then foamed, demoulded, cured, and then finished by facing treatment;

Among them, the particle size and weight of glass cullets are: 100kg for more than 4.75mm, 190kg for 4.75-2.36mm, 125kg for 2.36-1.18mm, 50kg for 1.18-0.60mm, 20kg for 0.60-0.30mm and 15kg for less than 0.30mm .

Among them, glass cullets with a particle size greater than 4.75mm, 4.75-2.36mm and 2.36-1.18mm need to be treated by chemical erosion respectively, and the chemical erosion treatment uses ammonia solution.

Pigments are assembled according to customer requirements.

The modifier is polycarboxylate high-efficiency water reducer, aluminum sulfate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, organic silicon, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, metasilicate, polypropylene fiber, kaolin and hard Fatty acid ammonia compound.

The dry apparent density of the block is 1200kg/m ³ , the pore diameter is 0.1mm, and the pores are evenly distributed. The cubic compressive strength can reach 2.5MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.19W/(mK).

Embodiment three:

Take 300kg of cement, 300kg of glass cullet, 250kg of fly ash, 17kg of mica flakes (1kg for 20 mesh, 8kg for 50 mesh, 8kg for 100 mesh), 30kg of modifier, and 310kg of water; mix evenly, and then add 10kg of hydrogen peroxide, High-speed stirring to make the foamed concrete decorative block slurry, pouring into the mold, foaming, demoulding, curing, and finishing treatment;

Among them, the particle size and weight of glass cullets are: 27kg for larger than 4.75mm, 141kg for 4.75-2.36mm, 39kg for 2.36-1.18mm, 45kg for 1.18-0.60mm, 36kg for 0.60-0.30mm and 12kg for smaller than 0.30mm .

Among them, glass cullets with a particle size greater than 4.75mm, 4.75-2.36mm and 2.36-1.18mm need to be treated by chemical erosion respectively, and the chemical erosion treatment uses hydrofluoric acid solution.

Pigments are assembled according to customer requirements.

The modifier is polycarboxylate high-efficiency water reducer, aluminum sulfate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, organic silicon, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, metasilicate, polypropylene fiber, kaolin and hard Fatty acid ammonia compound.

The dry apparent density of the block is 900kg/m ³ , the pore diameter is 0.3mm, and the pores are evenly distributed. The cubic compressive strength can reach 1.8MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.28W/(mK).

Claims (9)

1. A processing method for lightweight foamed concrete decorative blocks, comprising the following components by weight: Cement is 18%-40%, Glass cullet is 20%-50%, Fly ash is 10%-40%, Mica flakes are 0.5%-2.3%, The modifier is 2.4%-4.2%, and the modifier is polycarboxylate superplasticizer, aluminum sulfate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, organic silicon, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate , metasilicic acid, polypropylene fiber, kaolin, ammonium stearate or any two or more compounded; Water is 26%-39%; After mixing the above components by weight, add 0.3%-1.7% hydrogen peroxide of the total weight of materials other than water, and then stir at a high speed to make a foamed concrete decorative block slurry. After pouring into the mold, foaming, Manufactured through the steps of demoulding, curing and finishing; It is characterized in that the glass cullets include particle sizes larger than 4.75mm, 4.75-2.36mm, 2.36-1.18mm, 1.18-0.60mm, 0.60-0.30mm and less than 0.30mm; The proportion in the total amount of glass cullet is: More than 4.75mm accounted for 9-20%, 4.75-2.36mm accounted for 45-62%, 2.36-1.18mm accounted for 13-25%, 1.18-0.60mm accounted for 10-19%, 0.60-0.30mm accounted for 4-12%, < 0.30mm accounts for 3-8%. 2. The processing method of a light-weight foamed concrete decorative block according to claim 1, wherein the glass cullet is processed by a particle shaping device; the particle shaping device includes an outer cylinder, an inner Roller, machine base and driving device, the outer cylinder and the inner roller are arranged eccentrically, so that there is an eccentric annular gap between the outer cylinder and the inner roller; a ring of corundum crushing working surface is provided on the inner surface of the outer cylinder 1. A corundum crushing working surface is provided on the surface of the inner roller. 2. A feeding port is provided at the top of the outer cylinder and a discharge port is provided at the bottom; the driving device includes a driving motor and a driving gear. 3. The processing method of a lightweight foamed concrete decorative block according to claim 2, characterized in that, the top surface of the machine base is provided with an annular guide rail, and the outer cylinder is movably connected to the annular guide rail through a support frame. a guide rail, a ring gear is arranged outside the outer cylinder, and the drive gear meshes with the ring gear; The inner roller is fixedly arranged on the machine base. 4. The processing method of a lightweight foamed concrete decorative block according to claim 2, wherein the outer cylinder is fixedly connected to the machine base through a support frame; The inner roller is movably connected to the fixed column through the plane bearing, and the fixed column is fixedly connected with the machine base; the top of the inner roller is provided with a driving shaft, and the driving shaft is provided with a transmission gear, and the driving gear and The drive gear meshes. 5 . The processing method of a lightweight foamed concrete decorative block according to claim 2 , wherein the glass granules output from the outlet are screened. 5 . 6. The processing method of a light-weight foamed concrete decorative block according to claim 1, characterized in that, the particle size is larger than three types of glass cullets: 4.75mm, 4.75-2.36mm and 2.36-1.18mm The particles need to be treated by chemical erosion respectively, and the etching agent used in the chemical erosion treatment is composed of HF, NH ₄ and water. 7. The processing method of a lightweight foamed concrete decorative block according to claim 1, wherein the mica scales are 20-100 mesh, and the average diameter-thickness ratio is 35-78. 8. The processing method of a lightweight foamed concrete decorative block according to claim 1, characterized in that 0.2%-4.6% of the total weight of the material except water is added, and the pigment is iron oxide series The pigment is one or any two or more of iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide black, iron oxide purple, iron oxide brown and iron oxide green. 9. A kind of foamed concrete decorative block made by the processing method of a kind of lightweight foamed concrete decorative block as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the dry apparent density of making block is 600- 1200kg/m ³ , the pore size is 0.1-0.5mm, and the pores are evenly distributed, the compressive strength of the cube can reach 2.5-15.0MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.13-0.28W/mK.