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CN104576507B - Three-dimension packaging method based on silicon hole technology - Google Patents

Three-dimension packaging method based on silicon hole technology Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104576507B
CN104576507B CN201310504865.7A CN201310504865A CN104576507B CN 104576507 B CN104576507 B CN 104576507B CN 201310504865 A CN201310504865 A CN 201310504865A CN 104576507 B CN104576507 B CN 104576507B
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China
Prior art keywords
hole
layer
wafer
sacrificial layer
semiconductor devices
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CN201310504865.7A
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CN104576507A (en
Inventor
陈晓军
黄河
张海芳
戚德奎
陈政
李新
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Semiconductor Manufacturing International Shanghai Corp
China Core Integrated Circuit Ningbo Co Ltd
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Semiconductor Manufacturing International Shanghai Corp
China Core Integrated Circuit Ningbo Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/71Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
    • H01L21/768Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
    • H01L21/76838Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
    • H01L21/76877Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/71Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
    • H01L21/768Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
    • H01L21/76838Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
    • H01L21/76877Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material
    • H01L21/7688Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material by deposition over sacrificial masking layer, e.g. lift-off

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of three-dimension packaging method based on silicon hole technology, including:Wafer is provided;Through-hole is formed in wafer frontside;Sacrificial layer is filled into through-hole;After filling sacrificial layer into through-hole, semiconductor devices is formed in wafer frontside;Form the interlayer dielectric layer being covered on wafer frontside, sacrificial layer and semiconductor devices;The opening for exposing sacrificial layer is formed in interlayer dielectric layer;Removal opening lower section, the sacrificial layer in through-hole;Full metal is filled into through-hole and opening, to form conductive plunger.Technical scheme of the present invention had both improved the electric conductivity of conductive plunger, and the metal in turn avoided in conductive plunger pollutes the manufacture craft of semiconductor devices, and then improves the electric property of encapsulating structure.

Description

Three-dimension packaging method based on silicon hole technology
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of semiconductor package, more particularly to a kind of three-dimension packaging method based on silicon hole technology.
Background technology
Silicon hole(Through Silicon Via, abbreviation TSV)Technology is between a kind of realization chip and chip, wafer The interconnection technique of line conduction between wafer or between wafer and chip.Salient point is bonded and used with previous IC package Superimposing technique it is different, density that silicon hole technology can be such that chip is stacked in three-dimensional is maximum, appearance and size minimum.
It is produced on the sequence in entire three-dimension packaging flow, the three-dimension packaging method based on silicon hole technology according to silicon hole It is divided into three kinds, respectively first through-hole technology(via first)Three-dimension packaging method, middle through-hole technology(via middle)Three Tie up packaging method, rear through-hole technology(via last)Three-dimension packaging method.Wherein, the three-dimension packaging side of existing first through-hole technology Method includes:Through-hole is formed in wafer, conductive material is filled into through-hole, to form conductive plunger;It is formed after conductive plunger, Semiconductor devices is formed on wafer and metal interconnection structure, the metal interconnection structure are electrically connected with conductive plunger.
It is required when making semiconductor devices on wafer without metallic pollution, the conduction material filled in the through-hole in order to prevent Material can influence the making of Subsequent semiconductor device, and the conductive material filled in the through-hole is polysilicon, rather than metal.But It is that since the electric conductivity of polysilicon is bad, thus the electric property of encapsulating structure can be influenced.
Invention content
The problem to be solved in the present invention is:In the three-dimension packaging method of existing elder generation's through-hole technology, filling in the through-hole of wafer Conductive material electric conductivity it is bad, affect the electric property of encapsulating structure.
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of three-dimension packaging methods based on silicon hole technology, including:
Wafer is provided;
Through-hole is formed in the wafer frontside;
Sacrificial layer is filled into the through-hole;
After filling sacrificial layer into the through-hole, semiconductor devices is formed in the wafer frontside;
Form the interlayer dielectric layer being covered on the wafer frontside, sacrificial layer and semiconductor devices;
The opening for exposing the sacrificial layer is formed in the interlayer dielectric layer;
It removes below the opening, the sacrificial layer in the through-hole;
The full metal of filling into the through-hole and opening, to form conductive plunger.
Optionally, the metal is copper.
Optionally, the material of the sacrificial layer is amorphous carbon.
Optionally, before the wafer frontside forms semiconductor devices, further include:Form the quarter for covering the sacrificial layer Lose barrier layer.
Optionally, the material of the etching barrier layer is silica.
Optionally, before filling sacrificial layer into the through-hole, further include:It is formed on the bottom of the through-hole and side wall Insulating layer.
Optionally, the material of the insulating layer is silica, forming method is thermal oxidation process.
The present invention also provides three-dimension packaging method of the another kind based on silicon hole technology, including:
Wafer is provided;
Through-hole is formed in the wafer frontside;
Sacrificial layer is filled into the through-hole;
After filling the sacrificial layer, semiconductor devices is formed in the wafer frontside;
Form the interlayer dielectric layer being covered on the wafer frontside, sacrificial layer and semiconductor devices;
It is formed after the interlayer dielectric layer, from wafer described in thinning back side of silicon wafer, until exposing the sacrificial layer;
Removal is located at the sacrificial layer in the through-hole;
Metal is filled into the through-hole, to form conductive plunger.
Optionally, the metal is copper.
Optionally, the material of the sacrificial layer is amorphous carbon.
Optionally, before the wafer frontside forms semiconductor devices, further include:Form the quarter for covering the sacrificial layer Lose barrier layer.
Optionally, the material of the etching barrier layer is silica.
Optionally, before filling sacrificial layer into the through-hole, further include:It is formed on the bottom of the through-hole and side wall Insulating layer.
Optionally, the material of the insulating layer is silica, forming method is thermal oxidation process.
Compared with prior art, technical scheme of the present invention has the following advantages:
The technical program first fills sacrificial layer, then in wafer frontside after wafer frontside forms through-hole in through-hole Semiconductor devices is formed, is formed after semiconductor devices, the sacrificial layer being filled in through-hole is replaced with into metal to form conduction Plug had both improved the electric conductivity of conductive plunger, in turn avoided making work of the metal in conductive plunger to semiconductor devices Skill pollutes, and then improves the electric property of encapsulating structure.
Further, it before filling sacrificial layer in through-hole, is formed in the bottom of through-hole and side wall using thermal oxidation process High-quality material is the insulating layer of silica.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 to Fig. 7 be in the first embodiment of the present invention encapsulating structure in the cross-sectional view of each production phase;
Fig. 8 to Figure 12 is that cross-section structure of the encapsulating structure in each production phase is illustrated in the second embodiment of the present invention Figure.
Specific implementation mode
As previously mentioned, in the three-dimension packaging method of existing elder generation's through-hole technology, the conductive material filled in the through-hole of wafer is led Electrical property is bad, affects the electric property of encapsulating structure.
Compared to polysilicon, the electric conductivity of metal is more preferable.But if first directly filling metal in the through-hole of wafer, The metal is easy to pollute the manufacturing process of Subsequent semiconductor device, and then affects the electric property of encapsulating structure.
In order to solve this problem, the present invention provides a kind of improved three-dimension packaging methods based on silicon hole technology, should Method first fills sacrificial layer after wafer frontside forms through-hole in through-hole, then forms semiconductor devices in wafer frontside, It is formed after semiconductor devices, the sacrificial layer being filled in through-hole is replaced with into metal to form conductive plunger, had both improved and has led The electric conductivity of electric plug, the metal in turn avoided in conductive plunger pollute the manufacturing process of semiconductor devices, in turn Improve the electric property of encapsulating structure.
To make the above purposes, features and advantages of the invention more obvious and understandable, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to the present invention Specific embodiment be described in detail.
First embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, providing wafer 100.Wafer 100 is bare silicon wafer, has front S1 and back side S2, wafer 100 is just Face S1 is used to form semiconductor devices.
In the present embodiment, wafer 100 is Silicon Wafer.
Shown in Fig. 1, through-hole 101 is formed in wafer frontside S1, the depth of through-hole 101 is less than the thickness of wafer 100 Degree.
In the present embodiment, the forming method of through-hole 101 includes:Graphical photoresist layer is formed above wafer frontside S1 (It is not shown), which defines the position of through-hole 101;It is performed etching as mask using the graphical photoresist layer, To form through-hole 101 in wafer 100;Then, the graphical photoresist layer is removed.
In a particular embodiment, the lithographic method can be deep reactive ion etching(Deep Reactive Ion Etching, abbreviation DRIE).In other embodiments, the method for Laser drill can also be utilized to form through-hole in wafer 100 101。
Shown in Fig. 1, insulating layer 110 is formed in the bottom and side wall of through-hole 101.
In the present embodiment, the material of insulating layer 110 is silica, and the forming method of insulating layer 110 is thermal oxidation process. In other embodiments, insulating layer 110 can also be formed using chemical vapor deposition method.It is formed compared to other methods Insulating layer 110, thermal oxidation process is formed by 110 better quality of insulating layer.
As shown in Fig. 2, filling sacrificial layer 120 into through-hole 101.
In the present embodiment, the material of sacrificial layer 120 is amorphous carbon(amorphous carbon).Into through-hole 101 Filling sacrificial layer 120 method include:It forms covering wafer frontside S1 and fills the sacrificial material layer of full through-hole 101;It is sacrificial to this Domestic animal material layer carve, and is covered in the sacrificial material layer on wafer frontside S1 with removal, and make the sub-fraction of through-hole 101 not Layer 120 is sacrificed to fill up.
In the present embodiment, the forming method of amorphous carbon layer is plasma activated chemical vapour deposition(PECVD).
Shown in Fig. 2, the etching barrier layer 130 being covered on sacrificial layer 120 is formed.
In the present embodiment, the material of etching barrier layer 130 is silica.The forming method of etching barrier layer 130 includes: The protected material bed of material being covered on wafer frontside S1 and sacrificial layer 120 is formed, the forming method of the protected material bed of material is plasma Body chemical vapor phase growing(PECVD);Chemical mechanical grinding is carried out to the protected material bed of material, until removal is covered in wafer frontside S1 On the protected material bed of material, the remaining protected material bed of material constitutes the etching barrier layer 130 being located in groove.
In other embodiments, etching barrier layer 130 can also be not filled by in groove, as long as so that etching barrier layer 130 are covered in 120 top of sacrificial layer.
As shown in figure 3, forming semiconductor devices 140 in wafer frontside S1.
Semiconductor devices 140 is included in semiconductor front end technique(FEOL)The middle all devices to be formed.In the present embodiment In, semiconductor devices 140 is MOSFET.In other embodiments, the semiconductor devices can also include other kinds of member Part, such as resistance, capacitance, inductance, MEMS.
In 140 manufacturing process of semiconductor devices, etching barrier layer 130 can prevent sacrificial layer 120 to be etched.
Shown in Fig. 3, formation is covered on wafer frontside S1, etching barrier layer 130 and semiconductor devices 140 Interlayer dielectric layer 150.
Interlayer dielectric layer 150 can be formed by stacking by one layer of dielectric layer or multilayer dielectricity layer.In the present embodiment, interlayer The material of dielectric layer 150 is silica.
Shown in Fig. 3, the conductive plunger being electrically connected with semiconductor devices 140 is formed in interlayer dielectric layer 150 160。
As shown in figure 4, forming the opening 151 for exposing sacrificial layer 120 in interlayer dielectric layer 150.
In the present embodiment, 151 forming method of being open includes:Graphical photoresist is formed on interlayer dielectric layer 150 Layer, the graphical photoresist layer define the position of opening 151;It is performed etching as mask using the graphical photoresist layer, with removal The interlayer dielectric layer 150 and etching barrier layer 130 of 120 top of sacrificial layer(As shown in Figure 3);Then, the graphical photoetching is removed Glue-line.
Shown in Fig. 4, the sacrificial layer 120 in through-hole 101 is removed.
In the present embodiment, ashing is utilized(ashing)Method removes sacrificial layer 120.Gas used by the ashing method Body includes oxygen.
The material of sacrificial layer 120 is agraphitic carbon, and the chemical property of amorphous carbon is highly stable, will not be with wafer 100 Other layers react, and are also easy to removal totally, and therefore, introducing sacrificial layer 120 in the making processing procedure of encapsulating structure will not The electric property of encapsulating structure is impacted.
As shown in figure 5, metal is filled into through-hole 101 and opening 151, to form conductive plunger 170.
In the present embodiment, the forming method of conductive plunger 170 includes:It forms covering interlayer dielectric layer 150 and fills logical The metal material layer of hole 101 and opening 151, the forming method of the metal material layer can be physical vapour deposition (PVD) or plating;It is right The metal material layer carries out chemical mechanical grinding, and the metal material layer on interlayer dielectric layer 150 is covered in removal, remaining to fill out It fills and constitutes conductive plunger 170 in through-hole 101 and the metal material layer of opening 151.
In the three-dimension packaging method of existing elder generation's through-hole technology, the conductive material being filled in through-hole is polysilicon, and at this In technical solution, the conductive material being filled in through-hole is metal, since the electric conductivity of metal is better than the electric conductivity of polysilicon Can, therefore, the electric property that encapsulating structure is formed by using the technical program is improved.In addition, filling metal in through-hole Before, since the semiconductor devices on wafer has completed, thus avoiding metal can be to the making work of semiconductor devices Skill pollutes.
In the present embodiment, the metal being filled in through-hole 101 and opening 151 is copper.The electric conductivity and hot property of copper It is superior to polysilicon, is conducive to the electric property for improving encapsulating structure.In this case, into through-hole 101 and opening 151 Before filling the metal material layer, further include:Formation is covered in interlayer dielectric layer 150, the bottom of through-hole 101 and side wall, opens Diffusion impervious layer on 151 side walls of mouth(It is not shown), metal seed layer on the diffusion impervious layer(It is not shown).
As shown in fig. 6, forming metal interconnection structure 180 on interlayer dielectric layer 150.Metal interconnection structure 180 includes electricity The interconnection line and conductive plunger of connection(It does not identify).Metal interconnection structure 180 can be one layer of metal interconnection structure or multilayer gold Belong to interconnection structure.Metal interconnection structure 180 is electrically connected with conductive plunger 170.
As shown in Figure 7(Dotted portion indicates the part being removed in wafer thinning process in figure), subtract from wafer rear S2 Thin wafer 100, until wafer 100 reaches predetermined thickness.
In thinned wafer 100, first in wafer frontside adhesive silicon wafer carrier(carrier wafer), then to wafer Back side S2 is ground, and after wafer 100 is thinned to predetermined thickness, which is opened with wafer separate.
Second embodiment
Between second embodiment and first embodiment difference lies in:In a second embodiment,
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 8, sacrificial layer 120 is filled into through-hole 101 and is formed after etching barrier layer 130, Semiconductor devices 140 is formed in wafer frontside S1;Then, covering wafer frontside S1, semiconductor devices 140 and etch stopper are formed The interlayer dielectric layer 150 of layer 130;Then, the conduction being electrically connected with semiconductor devices 140 is formed in interlayer dielectric layer 150 to insert Plug 160;Then, metal interconnection structure 180 is formed on interlayer dielectric layer 150;
As shown in Figure 9(Dotted portion indicates the part being removed in wafer thinning process in figure), subtract from wafer rear S2 Thin wafer 100, until exposing sacrificial layer 120, in thinned wafer 100, first in wafer frontside adhesive silicon wafer carrier (carrier wafer), then wafer rear S2 is ground, until wafer 100 is thinned to predetermined thickness;
As shown in Figure 10, the sacrificial layer 120 and etching barrier layer 130 in through-hole 101 are removed(As shown in Figure 9);
As shown in figure 11, the interlayer dielectric layer 150 of 101 lower section of removal through-hole, to form opening in interlayer dielectric layer 150 151;
As shown in figure 12, metal is filled into opening 151 and through-hole 101, to form conductive plunger 170, conductive plunger 170 It is electrically connected with metal interconnection structure 180, is formed after conductive plunger 170, wafer carrier and wafer 100 are separated.
In the present invention, each embodiment uses progressive literary style, the difference of emphasis description and previous embodiment each to implement Same section in example is referred to previous embodiment.
Although present disclosure is as above, present invention is not limited to this.Any those skilled in the art are not departing from this It in the spirit and scope of invention, can make various changes or modifications, therefore protection scope of the present invention should be with claim institute Subject to the range of restriction.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of three-dimension packaging method based on silicon hole technology, which is characterized in that including:
Wafer is provided;
By etching through-hole is formed in the wafer frontside;
Sacrificial layer is filled into the through-hole;
After filling sacrificial layer into the through-hole, semiconductor devices is formed in the wafer frontside;
Form the interlayer dielectric layer being covered on the wafer frontside, sacrificial layer and semiconductor devices;
After forming semiconductor devices and interlayer dielectric layer, before forming metal interconnection structure, by etching in the layer Between opening is formed in dielectric layer, expose the through-hole in the sacrificial layer;
It removes below the opening, the sacrificial layer in the through-hole;
Formed semiconductor devices and removal sacrificial layer after, before forming metal interconnection structure, to the through-hole and open The full metal of filling in mouthful, to form conductive plunger;
After forming conductive plunger, metal interconnection structure is formed on interlayer dielectric layer;
After forming conductive plunger and forming metal interconnection structure, from thinning back side of silicon wafer wafer, exposure conductive plunger.
2. three-dimension packaging method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the metal is copper.
3. three-dimension packaging method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the material of the sacrificial layer is amorphous carbon.
4. three-dimension packaging method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that form semiconductor devices in the wafer frontside Before, further include:Form the etching barrier layer for covering the sacrificial layer.
5. three-dimension packaging method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the material of the etching barrier layer is oxidation Silicon.
6. three-dimension packaging method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that before filling sacrificial layer into the through-hole, Further include:Insulating layer is formed on the bottom of the through-hole and side wall.
7. three-dimension packaging method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the material of the insulating layer is silica, shape It is thermal oxidation process at method.
CN201310504865.7A 2013-10-23 2013-10-23 Three-dimension packaging method based on silicon hole technology Active CN104576507B (en)

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CN104576507B true CN104576507B (en) 2018-08-10

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CN115565934B (en) 2021-07-01 2025-07-18 长鑫存储技术有限公司 Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof
CN113948457A (en) * 2021-10-14 2022-01-18 赛莱克斯微系统科技(北京)有限公司 Method for manufacturing semiconductor device

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KR20090047776A (en) * 2007-11-08 2009-05-13 삼성전자주식회사 Semiconductor element and method of forming the same
US8791009B2 (en) * 2011-06-07 2014-07-29 International Business Machines Corporation Method of forming a through-silicon via utilizing a metal contact pad in a back-end-of-line wiring level to fill the through-silicon via
CN102832161B (en) * 2011-06-13 2014-10-01 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 Method for forming through-silicon-via
CN103000571B (en) * 2011-09-19 2015-07-08 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof

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