CN104555921B - A kind of fuel cell car - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell vehicle, which comprises methanol water hydrogen production equipment, a fuel cell and an automobile motor. The methanol water reforming hydrogen production equipment comprises a methanol water storage container, a raw material delivery device, a reformer and a hydrogen purification device; The device includes a heat exchanger, a gasification chamber, a reforming chamber and a separation chamber. The hydrogen purification device is installed in the separation chamber; the temperature of the lower and middle parts of the reforming chamber is 300-420°C, and the temperature of the upper part of the reforming chamber is 400-570°C; The temperature in the separation chamber is set at 350-570°C, hydrogen is obtained from the gas-producing end of the hydrogen purification device in the separation chamber, and the hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell after passing through the heat exchanger; the fuel cell, including at least two fuel cell groups, uses The electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen generates electricity to power the car motor; the car motor is used to drive the axle to rotate to make the car run. The invention can make the conversion rate of methanol water raw material into hydrogen gas fast, the conversion efficiency and utilization rate of methanol are high, and the purification of hydrogen-containing gas is easy.

Description

A fuel cell vehicle

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, in particular to a fuel cell vehicle.

Background technique

At present, the vast majority of automobiles use gasoline and diesel as fuel, which not only consumes a large amount of oil resources, but also causes serious air pollution due to automobile exhaust. In response to this resource problem and environmental problem, the development of electric vehicles has become very important. An electric vehicle refers to a vehicle powered by an on-board power supply and driven by a motor to drive the wheels. Electric vehicles include pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. In the prior art, a fuel cell vehicle refers to an electric vehicle equipped with a fuel cell as a power source for driving power. In the process of power generation, fuel cells need hydrogen as an electrochemical reaction material. In the prior art, the hydrogen used by the fuel cell comes from hydrogen carrying equipment or hydrogen production equipment.

Hydrogen-carrying fuel cell vehicles carry hydrogen by filling hydrogen with compressed gas in high-pressure gas cylinders. Such a hydrogen-carrying fuel cell vehicle, since the fuel gas supplied to the electrodes of the fuel cell is very high-purity hydrogen, when the fuel cell is running, it can obtain high power generation efficiency and make the fuel cell vehicle run smoothly during driving. The various reaction processes carried out do not produce harmful substances. However, it is very difficult to fill hydrogen-carrying fuel cell vehicles, and it is even more difficult to transport and store large amounts of hydrogen.

Invention patent 200580010256.X discloses an electric vehicle having a fuel cell that generates electricity by supplying hydrogen and an oxidant, a hydrogen production device that produces hydrogen-containing gas for supplying the fuel cell, and A motor driven by generated electricity. The hydrogen production device is a device that decomposes fuel containing organic matter to produce hydrogen-containing gas. The hydrogen production device has a diaphragm, a fuel electrode provided on one surface of the diaphragm, and a A device for supplying fuel containing organic substances (such as methanol) and water to the electrode, an oxide electrode installed on the other side of the diaphragm, a device for supplying an oxidant to the oxide electrode, and a device for generating hydrogen-containing gas from the fuel electrode side and leading it out. Specifically, the hydrogen production device generates hydrogen-containing gas at a temperature of 30-90° C. from the fuel pole side supplied with methanol and water. When electricity is not supplied to the hydrogen production cell from the outside, gas with a hydrogen concentration of 70-80% is generated; when electricity is applied to the hydrogen production cell from the outside, gas with a hydrogen concentration of 80% or more is generated. And the generation of the gas depends on the open circuit voltage or operating voltage of the two poles. However, the above-mentioned hydrogen production device for electric vehicles also has the following deficiencies: First, since the hydrogen production device is a device that decomposes fuel containing organic matter (such as methanol) at a temperature of 30-90 ° C to produce hydrogen-containing gas, and relies on oxidation Therefore, the conversion rate of organic matter into hydrogen is slow, and the efficiency of organic matter into hydrogen is actually not high, and the utilization rate of organic matter is low; Purification of hydrogen gas into high-purity hydrogen at relatively low temperature is inefficient and expensive, and requires a large-volume purification device in exchange for the normal supply of high-purity hydrogen, which is not conducive to the miniaturization of hydrogen manufacturing devices.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fuel cell vehicle for the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. Fast rate, high methanol conversion efficiency and utilization rate, easy purification of hydrogen-containing gas, and low cost.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the first technical solution of the present invention is: a fuel cell vehicle, including methanol water hydrogen production equipment, fuel cells and vehicle motors, wherein:

Methanol-water reforming hydrogen production equipment, including a methanol-water storage container, a raw material delivery device, a reformer, and a hydrogen purification device; liquid methanol and water are stored in the methanol-water storage container, and the raw material delivery device is used to convert methanol The methanol and water in the water storage container are sent to the reformer; the reformer includes a heat exchanger, a gasification chamber, a reforming chamber and a separation chamber, the hydrogen purification device is arranged in the separation chamber, and the separation chamber is arranged in the heavy The upper part of the whole room; the methanol water raw material enters the vaporization chamber for vaporization after exchanging heat in the heat exchanger; the vaporized methanol vapor and water vapor enter the reforming chamber, and a catalyst is installed in the reforming chamber, and the lower and middle parts of the reforming chamber The temperature is 300-420°C, and the temperature of the upper part of the reforming chamber is 400-570°C; the reforming chamber and the separation chamber are connected by a connecting pipeline, and all or part of the connecting pipeline is set on the upper part of the reforming chamber, which can pass through the reforming chamber. The high temperature in the upper part of the chamber continues to heat the gas output from the reforming chamber; the connecting pipeline serves as a buffer between the reforming chamber and the separation chamber, so that the temperature of the gas output from the reforming chamber is the same or close to the temperature of the separation chamber; The temperature in the separation chamber is set at 350-570°C, hydrogen is obtained from the gas-producing end of the hydrogen purification device in the separation chamber, and the hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell after passing through the heat exchanger; the part produced by the reformer Hydrogen or/and residual gas is burned to maintain the operation of the reformer;

Fuel cells, including at least two fuel cell stacks, are used for the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity for powering automobile motors;

The motor of the car is used to drive the axle to rotate to make the car move.

The hydrogen purification device is a membrane separation device, and the membrane separation device is a membrane separation device that vacuum-plates a palladium-silver alloy on the surface of a porous ceramic. The coating layer is a palladium-silver alloy, and the mass percentage of the palladium-silver alloy is 75%-78%. Silver accounts for 22%-25%.

A starting device is installed at one end of the reformer, and the starting device includes a cup holder, and a raw material input pipeline, a heating gasification pipeline, an ignition device and a temperature detection device are installed on the cup holder; the raw material input pipeline can input methanol and water raw materials , the raw material input pipeline is connected with the heating gasification pipeline, methanol and water raw materials enter the heating gasification pipeline through the raw material input pipeline, and then output from the end of the heating gasification pipeline; the position of the ignition device corresponds to the end of the heating gasification pipeline Correspondingly, it is used to ignite the methanol and water raw materials output from the heating gasification pipeline. The methanol and water raw materials are ignited by the ignition device and then burned, which can heat the heating gasification pipeline to make the methanol and water raw materials in the heating gasification pipeline gasification to rapidly increase the combustion intensity, and then heat the reformer; the temperature detection device is used to detect the temperature next to the heating gasification pipeline; after the reformer starts hydrogen production, part of the hydrogen produced by the reformer Or/and the residual gas is burned to maintain the operation of the reformer.

The cup holder includes a mounting part and a liquid container above the mounting part. The raw material input pipeline, heating and gasification pipeline, ignition device and temperature detection device are all installed on the mounting part of the cup seat. The liquid containing part can accommodate The raw materials of methanol and water output from the end of the heating gasification pipeline, the upper end of the liquid containing part is also provided with a liquid splash-proof cover.

The heating gasification pipeline sequentially includes a straight pipe section, a spiral pipe section and an upper arched pipe section. The methanol and water raw materials can rise to the highest position through the straight pipe section, then descend spirally through the spiral pipe section, and then output through the upper arched pipe section. An air inlet cover is installed on the bottom side of the cup holder, and the air inlet cover is provided with an air duct through which the outside air can enter the reformer; the raw material input pipeline is provided with a solenoid valve, In order to control the opening or closing of the raw material input pipeline.

The fuel cell vehicle also includes an AC-DC converter and a buffer storage battery, the AC-DC converter is connected to the current output end of the fuel cell, and is used for performing DC/DC voltage conversion or DC/AC conversion on the direct current output by the fuel cell ; The charging terminal of the buffer storage battery is connected to the AC-DC converter, and the buffer storage battery can supply power to the motor of the vehicle.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the second technical solution of the present invention is: a fuel cell vehicle, including methanol water hydrogen production equipment, fuel cells and vehicle motors, wherein:

Methanol-water reforming hydrogen production equipment, including a methanol-water storage container, a raw material delivery device, a heat exchanger, a reformer, and a hydrogen purification device; liquid methanol and water are stored in the methanol-water storage container; the raw material delivery device Used to transport the methanol and water in the methanol-water storage container to the reforming chamber of the reformer; the heat exchanger is installed on the delivery pipeline between the raw material delivery device and the reformer, and the low-temperature methanol and water are exchanged In the heater, it exchanges heat with the high-temperature gas output from the reforming chamber, and the temperature of methanol and water rises and vaporizes; the reformer is equipped with a reforming chamber and an electric heater, and the electric heater is powered by a fuel cell. The electric heater provides a temperature of 300-570°C for the reforming chamber, where a catalyst is installed in the reforming chamber, and methanol and water undergo a reforming hydrogen production reaction in the reforming chamber to produce hydrogen-containing gas; the reforming chamber is equipped with There is a separation chamber, the hydrogen purification device is installed in the separation chamber, the reforming chamber and the separation chamber are connected by connecting pipelines, all or part of the connecting pipelines are arranged in the reforming chamber, and the high temperature in the reforming chamber can continue to heat from the reforming chamber. The gas output from the whole chamber; the connecting pipeline is used as a buffer between the reforming chamber and the separation chamber, so that the temperature of the gas output from the reforming chamber is the same as or close to the temperature of the separation chamber, and the temperature of the hydrogen purification device in the separation chamber is Hydrogen is obtained at the gas production end, and is supplied to the fuel cell after passing through the heat exchanger;

Fuel cells, including at least two fuel cell stacks, are used for the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity for powering automobile motors;

The motor of the car is used to drive the axle to rotate to make the car move.

A compensation vaporization device is also provided between the heat exchanger and the reformer, and the compensation vaporization device is provided with an electric heater, and the methanol and water can be further vaporized after passing through the compensation vaporization device; the electric energy generated by the fuel cell is also Powers the electric heater of the compensating vaporizer.

The hydrogen purification device is a membrane separation device, and the membrane separation device is a membrane separation device that vacuum-plates a palladium-silver alloy on the surface of a porous ceramic. The coating layer is a palladium-silver alloy, and the mass percentage of the palladium-silver alloy is 75%-78%. Silver accounts for 22%-25%.

The fuel cell vehicle also includes an AC-DC converter and a buffer storage battery, the AC-DC converter is connected to the current output end of the fuel cell, and is used for performing DC/DC voltage conversion or DC/AC conversion on the direct current output by the fuel cell ; The charging terminal of the buffer storage battery is connected to the AC-DC converter, and the buffer storage battery can supply power to the motor of the vehicle.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The methanol water reforming hydrogen production equipment of the fuel cell vehicle of the present invention adopts the method of reforming hydrogen production at a temperature of 300-570° C. under the action of a catalyst, and its hydrogen production speed And the efficiency is far higher than the speed and efficiency of hydrogen production equipment decomposing methanol at a temperature of 30-90°C in the prior art, and the conversion efficiency and utilization rate of methanol water raw materials are high; In the separation chamber, the temperature of the hydrogen purification unit is the same as or close to that of the reforming chamber. Therefore, it can significantly improve the efficiency of hydrogen purification and reduce the difficulty of hydrogen purification. Miniaturization and cost reduction; third, the fuel cell of the present invention includes at least two fuel cell stacks, which can improve the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell as a whole and make the output power of the fuel cell higher.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the decentralized structure of the reformer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the decentralized structure of the reformer start-up device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the cup holder part of the reformer start-up device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a block diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

detailed description

The structural principle and working principle of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment one:

As shown in Figure 1, a fuel cell vehicle includes methanol water hydrogen production equipment 1, a fuel cell 2 and a vehicle motor 3, wherein:

Methanol-water reforming hydrogen production equipment 1 includes a methanol-water storage container 11, a raw material delivery device 12, a reformer 13, and a hydrogen purification device 14; liquid methanol and water are stored in the methanol-water storage container 11, and the raw material The delivery device 12 is used to deliver the methanol and water in the methanol-water storage container 11 to the reformer 13; the reformer 13 includes a heat exchanger, a gasification chamber, a reforming chamber and a separation chamber, and the hydrogen purification device 14 is set in the separation chamber, and the separation chamber is set in the upper part of the reforming chamber; the methanol water raw material enters the gasification chamber for vaporization after exchanging heat in the heat exchanger; the vaporized methanol vapor and water vapor enter the reforming chamber, and reform There is a catalyst in the chamber, the temperature of the lower and middle parts of the reforming chamber is 300-420°C, and the temperature of the upper part of the reforming chamber is 400-570°C; in the reforming chamber, methanol and water vapor pass through the catalyst under the pressure of 1-5MPa , under the action of the catalyst, methanol cracking reaction and carbon monoxide conversion reaction occur to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. This is a multi-component, multi-reaction gas-solid catalytic reaction system. The reaction equation is: (1) CH ₃ OH → CO +2H ₂ , (2)H ₂ O+CO→CO ₂ +H ₂ , (3)CH ₃ OH+H ₂ O→CO ₂ +3H ₂ , H ₂ and CO ₂ generated by reforming reaction; reforming chamber It is connected with the separation chamber through a connecting pipeline, and all or part of the connecting pipeline is arranged on the upper part of the reforming chamber, and can continue to heat the gas output from the reforming chamber through the high temperature of the upper part of the reforming chamber; the connecting pipeline serves as a reforming The buffer between the chamber and the separation chamber makes the temperature of the gas output from the reforming chamber the same as or close to the temperature of the separation chamber; the temperature in the separation chamber is set at 350-570°C, and the The gas-producing end of the gas station obtains hydrogen, which is supplied to the fuel cell 2 after passing through the heat exchanger; part of the hydrogen or/and residual gas produced by the reformer 13 maintains the operation of the reformer 13 through combustion;

Fuel cell 2, including at least two fuel cell groups, is used for the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to generate electric energy for the automobile motor 3; in the fuel cell 2, the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the air occurs in the fuel cell Anode of 2: 2H ₂ → 4H ⁺ +4e ^- , H ₂ splits into two protons and two electrons, the protons pass through the proton exchange membrane (PEM), the electrons pass through the anode plate, pass through the external load, and enter the cathode bipolar plate ; At the cathode of fuel cell 2: O ₂ +4e ^- +4H ⁺ → 2H ₂ O, protons, electrons and O ₂ recombine to form H ₂ O;

The car motor 3 is used to drive the axle to rotate to make the car run; when the car motor is working, the torque generated by the car motor is first transmitted to the axle through the gear, and then the car is driven through the axle.

Described hydrogen purifying device 14 is membrane separation device 14, and this membrane separation device 14 is the membrane separation device of vacuum-plating palladium-silver alloy on porous ceramic surface, coating layer is palladium-silver alloy, and the mass percentage palladium of palladium-silver alloy accounts for 75%- 78%, silver accounts for 22%-25%, the manufacturing process of the membrane separation device 14 can refer to the invention patent 201210563913.5 applied by the applicant Shanghai Hejide Dynamic Hydrogen Machinery Co., Ltd. on December 21, 2012, the methanol water hydrogen production equipment Membrane separator and its preparation method.

As shown in Figures 2-4, a starting device 4 is installed at one end of the reformer 13, and the starting device 4 includes a cup holder 41, and a raw material input pipeline 42, a heating gasification pipeline 43, and an ignition device are installed on the cup holder 41. 44 and a temperature detection device 45; the raw material input pipeline 42 can input methanol and water raw materials, the raw material input pipeline 42 is connected with the heating gasification pipeline 43, after the methanol and water raw materials enter the heating gasification pipeline 43 through the raw material input pipeline 42, Output from the end of the heating gasification pipeline 43; the position of the ignition device 44 corresponds to the end of the heating gasification pipeline 43, and is used to ignite the methanol and water raw materials output in the heating gasification pipeline 43, methanol and water raw materials Combustion after being ignited by the ignition device 44 can heat the heating gasification pipeline 43, so that the methanol and water raw materials in the heating gasification pipeline 43 are gasified to rapidly increase the combustion intensity, and then heat the reformer 13; The detection device 45 is used to detect the temperature next to the heating gasification pipeline 43; after the reformer 13 starts hydrogen production, part of the hydrogen or/and residual gas produced by the reformer 13 is burned to maintain the operation of the reformer 13. The reformer 13 uses the starting device 4 to heat the reformer 13, so that the reformer 13 is started, and then the reforming reaction occurs. The start-up time can be completed within 5 minutes, which is very fast. After the start-up is completed, the start-up device 4 off.

As shown in Figures 2-4, the cup holder 41 includes a mounting portion 411 and a liquid container 412 above the mounting portion, and the raw material input pipeline 42, heating and gasification pipeline 43, ignition device 44 and temperature detection device 45 Installed on the mounting part 411 of the cup holder, the liquid containing part 412 can contain the raw materials of methanol and water output from the end of the heating and vaporizing pipeline 43 , and the upper end of the liquid containing part 412 is also provided with a liquid splash-proof cover 413 . After the methanol and water raw materials are input into the raw material input pipeline 42, when they are output through the heating gasification pipeline 43, the excess methanol and water raw materials can be accommodated in the liquid holding part 412 of the cup holder. Of course, after the methanol and water raw materials are burned rapidly, the liquid Methanol and water raw materials in the container 412 will also be gasified and combusted. The liquid splash-proof cover 413 can prevent the methanol and water raw materials in the liquid container 412 from splashing around during gasification and combustion. The heating gasification pipeline 43 sequentially includes a straight-through pipe section 431, a spiral pipe section 432 and an upper arched pipe section 433. The methanol and water raw materials can rise to the highest position through the straight-through pipe section 431, then descend spirally through the spiral pipe section 432, and then pass through Output after the upper arch pipe section 433. Like this, when starting device 4 starts working, methanol and water raw material enter heating gasification pipeline 43, under the effect of upper arched pipe section 433, methanol and water raw material can drop from upper arched pipe section 433 The end drips out so that the ignition device can ignite; after the ignition is successful, because the overall length of the spiral pipe section 432 is relatively long and the heating area is large, the methanol and water raw materials in the spiral pipe section 432 can be fully heated and vaporized.

As shown in Figures 4 and 5, an air inlet cover 46 is installed on the bottom side of the cup holder 41, and the air inlet cover is provided with an air duct 461 through which outside air can enter the reformer 13. , the outside air entering from the air duct 461 can provide oxygen for the starting device 4, and can also provide oxygen for the reformer 13. In order to increase the air intake, a fan (not shown in the figure) can be added outside the air duct 461; The raw material input pipeline 42 is provided with a solenoid valve to control the opening or closing of the raw material input pipeline 42 . The ignition device can be a high temperature resistant igniter on the market, such as an electronic pulse igniter.

As shown in Figure 1, the fuel cell vehicle also includes an AC-to-DC converter 5 and a buffer storage battery 6, the AC-to-DC converter 5 is connected to the current output end of the fuel cell 3, and is used for direct current output from the fuel cell 3 Perform DC/DC voltage conversion or DC/AC conversion; the charging end of the buffer battery 6 is connected to an AC-DC converter, and the buffer battery 6 can supply power to the motor 3 of the vehicle. By using the control device of the fuel cell vehicle, the power generated by the fuel cell is supplied to the vehicle motor and the buffer battery according to the storage capacity of the buffer battery according to the load of the vehicle motor. Specifically, for example, during acceleration, etc., when the load on the automobile motor is heavy, the electric power from the fuel cell and the buffer battery is supplied to the automobile motor, or during deceleration, braking, etc., the electric power generated by the fuel cell is supplied to the automobile motor. part of the charge for the buffer battery. In addition, the buffer storage battery supplies power to equipment such as the raw material conveying device and reformer starting device when the vehicle is started. Fuel cell powered.

Embodiment two:

As shown in Figure 5, a fuel cell vehicle includes methanol water hydrogen production equipment 1, a fuel cell 2 and a vehicle motor 3, wherein:

Methanol-water reforming hydrogen production equipment 1 includes a methanol-water storage container 11, a raw material delivery device 12, a heat exchanger 15, a reformer 13, and a hydrogen purification device 14; the methanol-water storage container 11 stores liquid methanol and Water; the raw material delivery device 12 is used to transport methanol and water in the methanol water storage container 11 to the reforming chamber 131 of the reformer 13; the heat exchanger 15 is installed on the raw material delivery device 12 and the reformer 13 On the delivery pipeline between them, the low-temperature methanol and water exchange heat with the high-temperature gas output from the reforming chamber 131 in the heat exchanger 15, and the temperature of the methanol and water rises and vaporizes; the reformer 13 is equipped with a heavy The whole chamber 131 and the electric heater 132, the electric heater 132 is powered by the fuel cell 2, the electric heater 132 provides a temperature of 300-570°C for the reforming chamber 131, the reforming chamber 131 is equipped with a catalyst, methanol and water In the reforming chamber 131, methanol and water are reformed to produce hydrogen to produce hydrogen-containing gas; in the reforming chamber 131, methanol and water vapor pass through the catalyst under the pressure of 1-5M Pa, and under the action of the catalyst, Methanol cracking reaction and carbon monoxide conversion reaction occur to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. This is a multi-component, multi-reaction gas-solid catalytic reaction system. The reaction equation is: (1) CH ₃ OH→CO+2H ₂ , (2) H ₂ O+CO→CO ₂ +H ₂ , (3) CH ₃ OH+H ₂ O→CO ₂ +3H ₂ , H ₂ and CO ₂ generated by the reforming reaction; the reforming chamber 131 is provided with a separation chamber , the hydrogen purification device 14 is arranged in the separation chamber, the reforming chamber and the separation chamber are connected by connecting pipelines, all or part of the connecting pipelines are arranged in the reforming chamber, and the high temperature in the reforming chamber can continue to heat from the reforming chamber The output gas; the connecting pipeline is used as a buffer between the reforming chamber and the separation chamber, so that the temperature of the gas output from the reforming chamber is the same as or close to the temperature of the separation chamber, and the gas produced from the hydrogen purification device in the separation chamber Hydrogen gas is obtained at the end, and after passing through the heat exchanger 15, it is supplied to the fuel cell 2;

Fuel cell 2, including at least two fuel cell groups, is used for the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to generate electric energy for the automobile motor 3; in the fuel cell 2, the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the air occurs in the fuel cell Anode of 2: 2H ₂ → 4H ⁺ +4e ^- , H ₂ splits into two protons and two electrons, the protons pass through the proton exchange membrane (PEM), the electrons pass through the anode plate, pass through the external load, and enter the cathode bipolar plate ; At the cathode of fuel cell 2: O ₂ +4e ^- +4H ⁺ → 2H ₂ O, protons, electrons and O ₂ recombine to form H ₂ O;

The car motor 3 is used to drive the axle to rotate to make the car run; when the car motor 3 is working, the torque generated by the car motor 3 is first transmitted to the axle through the gear, and then the car is driven through the axle.

As shown in Figure 5, a compensation vaporization device 16 is also provided between the heat exchanger 15 and the reformer 13, and the compensation vaporization device 16 is provided with an electric heater 161. After the methanol and water pass through the compensation vaporization device 16 It can be further vaporized; the electric energy generated by the fuel cell 2 also provides power for the electric heater 161 of the compensating vaporization device 16 .

Described hydrogen purifying device 14 is membrane separation device 14, and this membrane separation device 14 is the membrane separation device of vacuum-plating palladium-silver alloy on porous ceramic surface, coating layer is palladium-silver alloy, and the mass percentage palladium of palladium-silver alloy accounts for 75%- 78%, silver accounts for 22%-25%, the manufacturing process of the membrane separation device 14 can refer to the invention patent 201210563913.5 applied by the applicant Shanghai Hejide Dynamic Hydrogen Machinery Co., Ltd. on December 21, 2012, the methanol water hydrogen production equipment Membrane separator and its preparation method.

As shown in Figure 5, the fuel cell vehicle also includes an AC-to-DC converter 5 and a buffer storage battery 6, the AC-to-DC converter 5 is connected to the current output end of the fuel cell 3, and is used for direct current output from the fuel cell 3 Perform DC/DC voltage conversion or DC/AC conversion; the charging end of the buffer battery 6 is connected to an AC-DC converter, and the buffer battery 6 can supply power to the motor 3 of the vehicle. By using the control device of the fuel cell vehicle, the power generated by the fuel cell is supplied to the vehicle motor and the buffer battery according to the storage capacity of the buffer battery according to the load of the vehicle motor. Specifically, for example, during acceleration, etc., when the load on the automobile motor is heavy, the electric power from the fuel cell and the buffer battery is supplied to the automobile motor, or during deceleration, braking, etc., the electric power generated by the fuel cell is supplied to the automobile motor. part of the charge for the buffer battery. In addition, the buffer battery supplies power to equipment such as the raw material conveying device, the electric heater of the reformer, and the electric heater of the compensation vaporization device when the car is started. The electric heater of the device, the electric heater of the compensation vaporization device and other equipment are powered, and the power is supplied by the fuel cell 2 .

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical solution of the present invention fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of fuel cell car, it is characterised in that：Including methanol-water reformation hydrogen production equipment, fuel cell and automobile motor, Wherein：

Methanol-water reformation hydrogen production equipment, including methanol-water storage container, raw material conveying device, reformer and hydrogen purification apparatus； The first alcohol and water of liquid is stored in the methanol-water storage container, the raw material conveying device is used for methanol-water storage container In first alcohol and water be delivered to reformer；The reformer includes heat exchanger, vaporizer, reformer chamber and separation chamber, the hydrogen Purification devices are arranged in separation chamber, and separation chamber is arranged at the top of reformer chamber；The methanol-water raw material is changed in heat exchanger Enter vaporizer after heat to vaporize；Methanol steam and water vapour after vaporization enter reformer chamber, and reformer chamber is provided with catalyst, reforms Room bottom and middle portion temperature are 300-420 DEG C, and the temperature on reformer chamber top is 400-570 DEG C；Reformer chamber passes through even with separation chamber Road connection is taken over, all or part of connecting line is arranged at the top of reformer chamber, can be continued by the high temperature on reformer chamber top Heat the gas exported from reformer chamber；The connecting line is used as the buffering between reformer chamber and separation chamber so that from reformer chamber The temperature of the gas of output is identical or close with the temperature of separation chamber；Temperature in the separation chamber is set as 350-570 DEG C, from The aerogenesis end of hydrogen purification apparatus in separation chamber obtains hydrogen, and the hydrogen is supplied to fuel cell after heat exchanger；It is described heavy Hydrogen partial made from whole device or/and residual air maintain reformer to run by burning；

Fuel cell, including at least two fuel cell units, occur electrochemical reaction for hydrogen and oxygen and produce electric energy, be vapour Vehicle and horse reach power supply；

Automobile motor, rotates for axle shaft and makes running car；

Described reformer one end is provided with starter, and the starter includes cup, be provided with cup raw material input channel, Heating and gasifying pipeline, igniter and temperature detection device；The raw material input channel inputs first alcohol and water raw material, raw material input Pipeline is connected with heating and gasifying pipeline, after first alcohol and water raw material enters heating and gasifying pipeline through raw material input channel, from heating The end output of gasification pipe；The position of the igniter is corresponding with the end of heating and gasifying pipeline, for heating gas Change the first alcohol and water raw material exported in pipeline to be lighted a fire, first alcohol and water raw material is through ignition device after-combustion, to heating gas Change pipeline to be heated, make the first alcohol and water material gasification in heating and gasifying pipeline and increase combustion intensity rapidly, and then attach most importance to Whole device heating；The temperature detection device is used to detect the temperature by heating and gasifying pipeline；The reformer starts after hydrogen manufacturing, weight Hydrogen partial made from whole device or/and residual air maintain reformer to run by burning；

The cup includes the liquid containing portion above installation portion and installation portion, the raw material input channel, heating and gasifying pipeline, Igniter and temperature detection device are mounted on the installation portion of cup, and the liquid containing portion is accommodated from heating and gasifying pipeline The first alcohol and water raw material of end output, the liquid containing portion upper end is additionally provided with liquid Splashproof cover.

2. fuel cell car according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The hydrogen purification apparatus fills for UF membrane Put, the membrane separation device is the membrane separation device in porous ceramic surface Vacuum Deposition palladium-silver, and film plating layer is palladium-silver, palladium The mass percent palladium of silver alloy accounts for 75%-78%, and silver accounts for 22%-25%.

3. fuel cell car according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The heating and gasifying pipeline includes straight-through successively Pipeline section, pigtail and upper arch pipeline section, after the first alcohol and water raw material rises to extreme higher position through straight-through pipeline section, then through spiral Pipeline section spiral declines, then is exported after upper arch pipeline section；The bottom side of the cup is provided with air intake cover plate, and the air intake cover plate is provided with Air channel, outside air is entered in reformer through the air channel；The raw material input channel is provided with magnetic valve, to control raw material Input channel is opened or closed.

4. the fuel cell car according to any one in claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：Also include AC-DC conversion Device and buffer battery, the AC/DC changeover switch are connected to the current output terminal of fuel cell, for defeated to fuel cell institute The direct current gone out carries out the transformation of DC/DC voltages or DC/AC transformations；The charging end connection AC-DC conversion of the buffer battery Device, the buffer battery is powered for automobile motor.

5. a kind of fuel cell car, it is characterised in that：Including methanol-water reformation hydrogen production equipment, fuel cell and automobile motor, Wherein：

Methanol-water reformation hydrogen production equipment, including methanol-water storage container, raw material conveying device, heat exchanger, reformer and hydrogen are pure Makeup is put；The first alcohol and water of liquid is stored in the methanol-water storage container；The raw material conveying device is used for methanol-water First alcohol and water in storage container is delivered to the reformer chamber of reformer；The heat exchanger is installed on raw material conveying device and reformer Between conveyance conduit on, the first alcohol and water of low temperature in heat exchanger, with reformer chamber export high-temperature gas exchanged heat, methanol With coolant-temperature gage rise, vaporization；The reformer is provided with reformer chamber and electric heater, and the electric heater is somebody's turn to do by fuel cell-powered Electric heater provides 300-570 DEG C of temperature for reformer chamber, and reformer chamber is provided with catalyst, and in reformer chamber first occurs for first alcohol and water Hydrogen-containing gas is made in the reformation hydrogen production reaction of alcohol and water；The reformer chamber is provided with separation chamber, and the hydrogen purification apparatus is arranged at In separation chamber, reformer chamber is connected with separation chamber by connecting line, and all or part of connecting line is arranged at reformer chamber, energy Continue to heat the gas exported from reformer chamber by the high temperature of reformer chamber；The connecting line as reformer chamber and separation chamber it Between buffering so that from reformer chamber export gas temperature it is identical or close with the temperature of separation chamber, from the hydrogen in separation chamber The aerogenesis end of gas purification devices obtains hydrogen, after heat exchanger, is supplied to fuel cell；

Fuel cell, including at least two fuel cell units, occur electrochemical reaction for hydrogen and oxygen and produce electric energy, be vapour Vehicle and horse reach power supply；

Automobile motor, rotates for axle shaft and makes running car；

Compensation vapourizing unit is additionally provided between the heat exchanger and reformer, the compensation vapourizing unit is provided with electric heater, described Further vaporized after the compensated vapourizing unit of first alcohol and water；Electricity of the electric energy that the fuel cell is produced also for compensation vapourizing unit Heating installation power supply.

6. fuel cell car according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The hydrogen purification apparatus fills for UF membrane Put, the membrane separation device is the membrane separation device in porous ceramic surface Vacuum Deposition palladium-silver, and film plating layer is palladium-silver, palladium The mass percent palladium of silver alloy accounts for 75%-78%, and silver accounts for 22%-25%.

7. the fuel cell car according to any one in claim 5-6, it is characterised in that：Also include AC-DC conversion Device and buffer battery, the AC/DC changeover switch are connected to the current output terminal of fuel cell, for defeated to fuel cell institute The direct current gone out carries out the transformation of DC/DC voltages or DC/AC transformations；The charging end connection AC-DC conversion of the buffer battery Device, the buffer battery is powered for automobile motor.