CN104550393B - A kind of high-fineness ratio band concave bottom thin-wall tube-shaped element accurate forming method - Google Patents
A kind of high-fineness ratio band concave bottom thin-wall tube-shaped element accurate forming method Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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Abstract
本发明公开一种大长细比带凹底薄壁筒形件精密成形方法。该方法先计算板坯的尺寸，然后依次进行凹底部分成形、拉深旋压成筒形坯料、旋压减薄到规定尺寸；后续通用加工，满足零件尺寸要求；其中拉深旋压成筒形坯料是将凹底成形后的坯料翻转，将其固定在尾顶和芯模之间，按照普通旋压轨迹编制方法编制普旋轨迹，主轴带动坯料旋转，旋轮在数控系统的驱动下，按已编制的轨迹进行进给，旋压轨迹的前6‐8道次为单纯的往程旋压，其后为往返程相结合的旋压轨迹，将坯料拉深旋压成筒形件；本发明利用多道次拉深旋压获得筒形毛坯，然后采用旋压减薄到规定尺寸，同时利用强力旋压高精度的特点，制件壁厚均匀、表面质量高、致密度好、缺陷少。
The invention discloses a precision forming method for a thin-wall cylindrical part with a large slender ratio and a concave bottom. This method first calculates the size of the slab, and then sequentially performs concave bottom part forming, deep drawing and spinning into a cylindrical blank, and spinning and thinning to a specified size; subsequent general processing to meet the size requirements of the part; among them, deep drawing and spinning into a tube The shape blank is to turn over the blank formed by the concave bottom, fix it between the tail top and the mandrel, and compile the general spinning track according to the common spinning track preparation method, the main shaft drives the blank to rotate, and the spinning wheel is driven by the numerical control system. Feed according to the programmed trajectory, the first 6-8 passes of the spinning trajectory are simple forward spinning, and then the spinning trajectory combined with round trips, and the blank is drawn and spun into a cylindrical part; The invention uses multi-pass deep drawing and spinning to obtain a cylindrical blank, and then uses spinning to thin it to a specified size. few.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种零件精密成形方法，具体涉及一种带凹底的薄壁曲母形件的精密成形方法，属于机械工程的塑性加工方法。 The invention relates to a precision forming method of a part, in particular to a precision forming method of a thin-walled curved female part with a concave bottom, which belongs to the plastic processing method of mechanical engineering.
背景技术 Background technique
凹底是指零件底部有一部分低于周围区域，形成类似于“火山口”形状的底部。大长细比筒形件是指筒形件的长度与直径之比大于或等于1.5。由于传统拉深工艺成形极限有限；一直以来，大长细比带凹底的薄壁筒形件的成形方法为：带凹底的曲母线部分采用模具拉深成形，直筒段部分采用卷焊，分段成形后再进行组焊，但由于焊接残余应力的存在使零件的尺寸精度难以满足要求；此外，由于焊缝易脆裂和应力集中往往成为裂纹扩展的源头，严重影响产品的质量。同时卷焊后因焊缝的存在及焊接变形，需要进行大量的人工后续打磨及校形，这样严重降低了生产效率、增加了生产成本，并影响到成形件的尺寸精度及形位公差。 Concave bottom means that part of the bottom of the part is lower than the surrounding area, forming a bottom similar to a "crater" shape. A large slenderness ratio cylindrical part means that the ratio of the length to the diameter of the cylindrical part is greater than or equal to 1.5. Due to the limited forming limit of the traditional deep drawing process; all the time, the forming method of thin-walled cylindrical parts with large slenderness ratio and concave bottom is: the curved generatrix part with concave bottom is formed by die drawing, and the straight part is rolled and welded. Assembly welding is carried out after segmental forming, but the dimensional accuracy of parts is difficult to meet the requirements due to the existence of welding residual stress; in addition, due to the brittleness of welds and stress concentration, they often become the source of crack propagation, which seriously affects the quality of products. At the same time, due to the existence of weld seam and welding deformation after coil welding, a large amount of manual follow-up grinding and shape correction are required, which seriously reduces production efficiency, increases production cost, and affects the dimensional accuracy and shape tolerance of formed parts.
旋压是借助于旋轮的进给运动，加压于随芯模沿同一轴线旋转的金属毛坯，使其产生连续的局部塑形变形而成为所需空心零件的一种近净精密塑性成形方法。其中只改变毛坯形状不改变壁厚的称为普通旋压，不仅改变毛坯的形状，而且显著改变其壁厚的称为强力旋压。传统的旋压成形技术，如普通旋压成形极限有限，且由于回弹，成形精度不高；强力旋压只能成形锥形件和筒形件，但成形精度较高。 Spinning is a near-net precision plastic forming method that uses the feed motion of the rotary wheel to pressurize the metal blank that rotates along the same axis with the mandrel to produce continuous local plastic deformation and become the required hollow part. . Among them, only changing the shape of the blank without changing the wall thickness is called ordinary spinning, and not only changing the shape of the blank, but also significantly changing its wall thickness is called powerful spinning. The traditional spinning forming technology, such as ordinary spinning forming, has limited limits, and the forming accuracy is not high due to springback; strong spinning can only form conical and cylindrical parts, but the forming accuracy is high.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供一种高精度、高性能、低成本的大长细比带凹底薄壁筒形件旋压成形方法。 The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a high-precision, high-performance, low-cost spinning method for thin-walled cylindrical parts with a large slenderness ratio and a concave bottom.
本发明将普通旋压和强力旋压两种旋压成形方法相结合的复合成形方法，解决了大长细比带凹底薄壁筒形件高精度、高性能、低成本制造的难题。 The composite forming method of the present invention combines two spinning forming methods of ordinary spinning and powerful spinning, and solves the problem of high-precision, high-performance and low-cost manufacturing of thin-walled cylindrical parts with large slenderness ratio and concave bottom.
为实现上述目标，本发明采用如下技术方案： In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种大长细比带凹底薄壁筒形件精密成形方法，包括如下步骤： A precision forming method for a thin-walled cylindrical part with a large slenderness ratio and a concave bottom, comprising the following steps:
1)计算板坯的尺寸 1) Calculate the size of the slab
根据零件的形状、尺寸，按照体积不变原理及复合旋压成形中变形量分配原则，确定坯料的尺寸，包括坯料的直径和厚度；其中坯料的直径控制在临界直径Dt内；Dt＝d/mt；mt为极限拉深系数，d为芯模直径； According to the shape and size of the part, according to the principle of constant volume and the principle of deformation distribution in composite spinning, determine the size of the blank, including the diameter and thickness of the blank; the diameter of the blank is controlled within the critical diameter D t ; D t = d/m t ; m t is the ultimate drawing coefficient, d is the diameter of the mandrel;
2)凹底部分成形 2) The concave bottom part is formed
将毛坯夹紧在芯模与尾顶之间，按照普通旋压轨迹的编制方法确定成形凹底筒形部分的旋压轨迹，凹底部分旋压成形时，前1‐3道次为普通旋压，旋轮轨迹为圆弧形轨迹；其后每道次包含普通旋压和强力旋压，其旋轮轨迹包含两部分，前一部分为平行于底部凹底轴线的强力旋压时的轨迹，使每道次减薄率为10‐25％，后一部分为普通旋压时的圆弧形轨迹；每道次强旋轨迹的起点为坯料端面，终点为按照普通旋压轨迹编制的普旋轨迹的起点，普通旋压轨迹的终点由式(9)确定，最后一道次旋压轨迹为凹底部分的轮廓线； Clamp the blank between the core mold and the tail top, and determine the spinning track of the cylindrical part of the concave bottom according to the preparation method of the common spinning track. When the concave bottom part is spinning, the first 1-3 passes are ordinary spinning. The track of the rotary wheel is an arc-shaped track; each subsequent pass includes ordinary spinning and powerful spinning, and the track of the rotary wheel consists of two parts. The first part is the track of strong spinning parallel to the axis of the bottom concave bottom. Make the thinning rate of each pass 10-25%, and the latter part is the arc-shaped trajectory during ordinary spinning; the starting point of each strong-spinning trajectory is the end face of the billet, and the end point is the general-spinning trajectory compiled according to the ordinary spinning trajectory The starting point of the ordinary spinning track is determined by formula (9), and the last spinning track is the contour line of the concave bottom part;
d'＝D0{1-[1-(d/D0)2]X2/h2}1/2 (9) d'＝D 0 {1-[1-(d/D 0 ) 2 ]X 2 /h 2 } 1/2 (9)
式中：D0为毛坯直径，d为芯模直径，h为工件高度； In the formula: D 0 is the diameter of the blank, d is the diameter of the mandrel, and h is the height of the workpiece;
3)拉深旋压成筒形坯料 3) Deep drawing and spinning into a cylindrical blank
将凹底成形后的坯料翻转，将其固定在尾顶和芯模之间，按照普通旋压轨迹编制方法编制普旋轨迹，主轴带动坯料旋转，旋轮在数控系统的驱动下，按已编制的轨迹进行进给，旋压轨迹的前6‐8道次为单纯的往程旋压，其后为往返程相结合的旋压轨迹，将坯料拉深旋压成筒形件； Flip the blank after forming the concave bottom, fix it between the tail top and the mandrel, compile the general spinning track according to the common spinning track preparation method, the main shaft drives the blank to rotate, and the spinning wheel is driven by the numerical control system, according to the programmed The track is fed, the first 6-8 passes of the spinning track are simple forward spinning, and then the spinning track combined with the round trip, the blank is drawn and spun into a cylindrical part;
4)旋压减薄到规定尺寸 4) Spinning and thinning to the specified size
底部圆弧形部分采用圆弧形旋轮拉深减薄，保证每道次减薄率为20％‐25％；直筒部分采用双锥面旋轮，保证每道次减薄率为20％‐35％； The arc-shaped part of the bottom is drawn and thinned by an arc-shaped rotary wheel to ensure a thinning rate of 20%-25% per pass; the straight part adopts a double-cone rotary wheel to ensure a thinning rate of 20%- per pass 35%;
5)后续加工，满足零件尺寸要求。 5) Subsequent processing to meet the size requirements of the parts.
进一步地，所述极限拉深系数通过测试坯料拉深旋压时不起皱和不断裂时坯料的直径。 Further, the limit drawing coefficient is measured by testing the diameter of the blank when the blank is not wrinkled or broken during deep drawing and spinning.
3、根据权利要求1所述的大长细比带凹底薄壁筒形件精密成形方法，其特征在于，所述单纯的往程旋压为旋轮加压于坯料，沿远离旋转中心线的方向进给。 3. The precision forming method for thin-walled cylindrical parts with large slenderness ratio and concave bottom according to claim 1, characterized in that, the simple forward spinning is that the spinning wheel presses the blank, feed in the direction.
所述往返程相结合的旋压轨迹为旋轮加压于坯料，先沿远离旋转中心线的方向进给，随后沿相反的方向进给。 The spinning trajectory combined with the round trip is that the spinning wheel presses the blank, and the blank is first fed in a direction away from the center line of rotation, and then fed in the opposite direction.
所述步骤2)及3)中普通旋压轨迹的编制方法：首先确定普通旋压时合适的渐开线轨迹，随后将渐开线轨迹拟合成经过旋轮轨迹起点和终点的圆弧线曲线。 The preparation method of the ordinary spinning track in the steps 2) and 3): first determine the appropriate involute track during ordinary spinning, and then fit the involute track to a circular arc line passing through the starting point and the end point of the wheel track curve.
所述渐开线基圆半径a根据芯模直径d确定：d/a≥0.3 (3) The radius a of the involute base circle is determined according to the diameter d of the mandrel: d/a≥0.3 (3)
步骤1)中变形量分配原则的说明：采用复合旋压成形时，在凹底旋压成形后，需先 采用多道次拉深旋压工序将板坯制成筒形件，然后采用强力旋压工序使其壁厚减薄到规定尺寸，在多道次拉深旋压中，芯模直径d与毛坯直径D0之比称为旋压系数m，对于每一种材料，其塑性变形程度都会有一定的极限，因而每一种材料的旋压系数必然有一个最小界限值，称为极限拉深系数(mt)。通过试验，获得铝及铝合金，3mm及4mm板坯的极限旋压系数为0.45和0.5。 Explanation of the principle of deformation distribution in step 1): When composite spinning is used, after concave bottom spinning, it is necessary to use multi-pass drawing and spinning processes to make the slab into a cylindrical part, and then use strong spinning The pressing process reduces the wall thickness to the specified size. In multi-pass deep-drawing spinning, the ratio of the diameter d of the mandrel to the diameter D 0 of the blank is called the spinning coefficient m. For each material, the degree of plastic deformation There will be a certain limit, so the spinning coefficient of each material must have a minimum limit value, which is called the limit drawing coefficient (m t ). Through experiments, the ultimate spinning coefficients of aluminum and aluminum alloys, 3mm and 4mm slabs are 0.45 and 0.5.
在多道次拉深旋压过程中，对于给定的芯模直径，要使旋压稳定的进行，不产生凸缘起皱等缺陷，其坯料直径有一临界最大值(Dt)。 In the process of multi-pass deep drawing and spinning, for a given mandrel diameter, the blank diameter has a critical maximum value (D t ) in order to make the spinning proceed stably without producing flange wrinkling and other defects.
多道次拉深旋压时，坯料的直径(D0)应满足以下关系： During multi-pass deep drawing and spinning, the diameter (D 0 ) of the blank should satisfy the following relationship:
D0≤Dt或m0≥mt (1) D 0 ≤ D t or m 0 ≥ m t (1)
在多道次拉深旋压过程中，坯料会有一定程度的减薄，用Ψ1表示在拉深旋压后坯料的壁厚减薄率。对于低碳钢、铝及铝合金，多道次拉深旋压时壁厚减薄率Ψ1＝10％～15％。 During the multi-pass drawing and spinning process, the billet will be thinned to a certain extent, and Ψ 1 represents the wall thickness thinning rate of the billet after drawing and spinning. For low carbon steel, aluminum and aluminum alloy, the wall thickness reduction rate Ψ 1 = 10% to 15% during multi-pass deep drawing and spinning.
强力旋压时的总减薄率Ψt应满足以下关系：Ψt≥Ψ1 (2) The total thinning rate Ψ t during strong spinning should satisfy the following relationship: Ψ t ≥ Ψ 1 (2)
式(1)、式(2)结合体积不变原理即为复合旋压时的变形量分配原则。 Formula (1), formula (2) combined with the principle of constant volume is the principle of deformation distribution during composite spinning.
步骤2)及3)中普通旋压轨迹的编制方法：首先确定普通旋压时合适的渐开线轨迹，随后将渐开线轨迹拟合成经过旋轮轨迹起点和终点的圆弧线曲线。 The preparation method of ordinary spinning trajectory in steps 2) and 3): firstly determine the appropriate involute trajectory during ordinary spinning, and then fit the involute trajectory to a circular arc curve passing through the starting point and the ending point of the spinning wheel trajectory.
渐开线基圆半径a根据芯模直径d确定：d/a≥0.3 (3) The radius a of the base circle of the involute is determined according to the diameter d of the mandrel: d/a≥0.3 (3)
如图8所示，渐开线回转中心的位置由下式确定： As shown in Figure 8, the position of the involute center of gyration is determined by the following formula:
式中：xm为回转中心P与芯模端面的距离，ym为回转中心P与芯模侧面的距离，θ0为首道次仰角。ρm为芯模圆角半径，t0为坯料厚度，如图8所示。θ′0为道次仰角参照角度，是在确定x0和y0后按式(7)计算出的一个值，将θ′0与选定的首道次仰角的值θ0相比较，若θ′0≠θ0，则调整xm再迭代计算，直到当θ′0＝θ0时为止；由式(8)计算出来；x0，y0为 中间计算值，由及θ0确定。 In the formula: x m is the distance between the center of rotation P and the end face of the mandrel, y m is the distance between the center of rotation P and the side of the mandrel, and θ 0 is the elevation angle of the first pass. ρm is the radius of the mandrel fillet, and t0 is the thickness of the billet, as shown in Figure 8. θ′ 0 is the reference angle of the pass elevation angle, which is a value calculated according to formula (7) after determining x 0 and y 0 , compare θ′ 0 with the value θ 0 of the first pass elevation angle selected, if θ′ 0 ≠θ 0 , then adjust x m and calculate iteratively until θ′ 0 =θ 0 ; Calculated by formula (8); x 0 , y 0 are intermediate calculation values, and and θ 0 are determined.
先把基圆半径a代入式(6)求出结合式(8)，将值代入式(5)，求出y0；适当选取的值，代入式(4)求出x0；接下来将x0、y0代入式(7)求出θ′0；若θ′0≠θ0，则调整xm再迭代计算，直到当θ′0＝θ0时为止；因此，只需确定首道次仰角θ0后，就可以确定旋轮轨迹的回转中心。然后使渐开线绕轨迹的回转中心转动，选择合适的道次间距p就能确定圆弧形往程旋压轨迹。其中旋轮的首道次仰角θ0的选取应防止工件起皱，一般取50°‐60°，道次间距p一般通过试验获得，在保证工件壁部不产生裂纹及过度减薄的前提下尽量取大值以提高生产效率。 Substitute the radius a of the base circle into formula (6) to find Combining formula (8), the Substituting the value into formula (5) to obtain y 0 ; choose appropriately Substituting the value of θ into Equation (4) to obtain x 0 ; then substituting x 0 and y 0 into Equation (7) to obtain θ′ 0 ; if θ′ 0 ≠θ 0 , then adjust x m and iteratively calculate until when θ′ 0 = θ 0 ; therefore, only need to determine the elevation angle θ 0 of the first pass, then the center of rotation of the wheel track can be determined. Then make the involute rotate around the center of rotation of the trajectory, and select the appropriate pass spacing p to determine the arc-shaped forward spinning trajectory. Among them, the first pass elevation angle θ 0 of the rotary wheel should be selected to prevent the workpiece from wrinkling, generally 50°-60°, and the pass spacing p is generally obtained through experiments, under the premise of ensuring that the wall of the workpiece does not produce cracks and excessive thinning Try to take a large value to improve production efficiency.
返程轨迹的确定如图9所示：图中点A为返程旋轮轨迹的起始点(前一道次往程旋压轨迹的终点)，点B为返程旋轮轨迹的终点(后一道次往程旋压的起点)，连接A、B两点形成线段AB，作线段AB的中垂线，在其中垂线上选一点C，使其满足h＝0.04～0.05L，其中h为点C到AB的距离，L为线段AB的长度，过A、B、C三点，确定一条圆弧曲线(图中红色曲线)，该曲线即为返程旋轮轨迹。 The determination of the return track is shown in Figure 9: point A in the figure is the starting point of the return wheel track (the end point of the previous round of spinning track), and point B is the end point of the return wheel track (the next round Spinning starting point), connect two points A and B to form a line segment AB, make the perpendicular line of the line segment AB, select a point C on the perpendicular line, make it satisfy h=0.04～0.05L, where h is point C to AB L is the length of the line segment AB, through the three points A, B, and C, a circular arc curve (red curve in the figure) is determined, which is the return wheel track.
拉深旋压中过渡外缘(普通旋压轨迹终点)的确定： Determination of the transition outer edge (end of ordinary spinning track) in deep drawing spinning:
d'＝D0{1-[1-(d/D0)2]X2/h2}1/2 (9) d'＝D 0 {1-[1-(d/D 0 ) 2 ]X 2 /h 2 } 1/2 (9)
式中：D0为毛坯直径，d为芯模直径，h为工件高度。 In the formula: D 0 is the diameter of the blank, d is the diameter of the mandrel, and h is the height of the workpiece.
相对于现有技术，本发明具有如下优点： Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1)本发明利用多道次拉深旋压获得筒形毛坯，然后采用旋压减薄到规定尺寸，同时利用强力旋压高精度的特点，使制件达到高尺寸精度的要求。坯料为圆板形毛坯，其尺寸根据制件尺寸、变形量的分配原则及旋压工艺确定。由于采用了强力旋压工艺，因此制件壁厚均匀、表面质量高、致密度好、缺陷少。 1) The present invention uses multi-pass deep drawing and spinning to obtain a cylindrical blank, and then uses spinning to thin it to a specified size. At the same time, it uses the characteristics of high precision of powerful spinning to make the workpiece meet the requirements of high dimensional accuracy. The blank is a disc-shaped blank, and its size is determined according to the size of the workpiece, the distribution principle of deformation and the spinning process. Due to the powerful spinning process, the wall thickness of the workpiece is uniform, the surface quality is high, the density is good, and there are few defects.
2)凹底旋压时，采用复合旋压成形方法，在每一道次的旋压过程中既有强力旋压又有普通旋压，这样可有效保证成形精度和圆角部分光滑过渡。 2) When spinning the concave bottom, the compound spinning forming method is adopted. In the spinning process of each pass, there are both strong spinning and ordinary spinning, which can effectively ensure the forming accuracy and the smooth transition of the fillet part.
3)壁厚减薄时，圆弧形部分采用圆弧形旋轮拉深减薄；为防止出现反挤现象，直筒部分采用双锥面旋轮旋压成形。 3) When the wall thickness is thinned, the arc-shaped part is drawn and thinned by the arc-shaped rotary wheel; in order to prevent back extrusion, the straight part is formed by double-cone rotary wheel spinning.
4)由于是整体成形，免除了多次的拉深、焊接、打磨工序，降低生产成本，提高生产效率，同时提高了产品的质量，适合大批量生产。 4) Since it is integrally formed, multiple drawing, welding, and grinding processes are eliminated, production costs are reduced, production efficiency is improved, and product quality is improved at the same time, which is suitable for mass production.
5)本发明特别适合带凹底的大长细比筒形件的整体精密成形，对于其他带底筒形件(非 凹底)只需省略步骤2即可，因此本发明对其他带底筒形件也具有普遍适应性。 5) The present invention is particularly suitable for the overall precision forming of large slenderness ratio cylindrical parts with concave bottoms. For other cylindrical parts with bottoms (non-concave bottoms), it is only necessary to omit step 2. Therefore, the present invention is applicable to other bottomed cylindrical parts. Shaped parts are also universally adaptable.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为第一屏蔽罩的零件结构示意图； Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the parts structure of the first shield;
图2为第二屏蔽罩的零件结构示意图； Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the parts structure of the second shield;
图3‐1为第一屏蔽罩凹底部分旋压示意图； Figure 3-1 is a schematic diagram of the spinning of the concave bottom part of the first shield;
图3‐2为第一屏蔽罩凹底部分的旋压轨迹放大图； Figure 3-2 is an enlarged view of the spinning track of the concave bottom part of the first shield;
图4为拉深旋压成筒形坯料示意图； Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of drawing and spinning into a cylindrical blank;
图5为圆弧段旋压减薄示意图； Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of circular arc segment spinning thinning;
图6‐1为直筒段强力旋压示意图； Figure 6-1 is a schematic diagram of the strong spinning of the straight section;
图6‐2为直筒段双锥面旋轮型面放大图； Figure 6-2 is an enlarged view of the double-cone roller profile of the straight section;
图7‐1为第二屏蔽罩凹底部分旋压示意图； Figure 7-1 is a schematic diagram of the spinning of the concave bottom part of the second shield;
图7‐2为及第二屏蔽罩凹底部分旋压轨迹放大图； Figure 7-2 is an enlarged view of the spinning track of the concave bottom part of the second shield;
图8为普通旋压轨迹编制示意图； Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of common spinning track preparation;
图9为返程旋压轨迹的确定方式图。 Fig. 9 is a diagram of the way of determining the return spinning track.
具体实施方式 detailed description
为更好地理解本发明，下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但是本发明的实施方式不限于此。 In order to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
本发明所要加工的零件外形如图1、2所示，为铝及铝合金薄壁带凹底筒形件，图1中A部分为直筒段，B部分为凹底段。采用双旋轮式旋压机进行旋压成形，两旋轮沿主轴轴线对称分布，在旋压凹底及旋压减薄到规定尺寸时，为提高旋压的稳定性及旋压件的精度，采用双旋轮旋压，这样可以使径向旋压力相互抵消，防止芯模偏载。 The profile of the part to be processed in the present invention is shown in Figures 1 and 2, which is an aluminum and aluminum alloy thin-walled cylindrical part with a concave bottom. Part A in Figure 1 is a straight cylinder section, and part B is a concave bottom section. Spinning forming is carried out with a double-rotary spinning machine, and the two rotary wheels are symmetrically distributed along the axis of the main shaft. When the concave bottom of the spinning and the spinning are thinned to the specified size, in order to improve the stability of the spinning and the accuracy of the spinning parts , using double-rotor spinning, so that the radial spinning force can offset each other and prevent the mandrel from being eccentrically loaded.
如图3‐1和图3‐2所示，在成形凹底时，如果既有外观形状变化，又有壁厚变化，则旋压过程中既有普通旋压又有强力旋压。如果仅有外观形状变化，壁厚没有变化，则旋压过程中只有普通旋压。 As shown in Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2, if there are both appearance shape changes and wall thickness changes when forming the concave bottom, there are both ordinary spinning and strong spinning in the spinning process. If only the appearance shape changes and the wall thickness does not change, then there is only ordinary spinning in the spinning process.
如图4所示，在拉深旋压成筒形坯料时，为防止坯料起皱需使用反推辊，将反推辊4安装在坯料后，反推辊4采用气压驱动，旋压开始时，反推辊4在气压的驱动下伸至坯料后方，旋轮3在进给过程中加压于坯料，使芯模1外周的坯料2发生变形，变形的坯料一面与旋轮接触，另一面与反推棍接触，反推辊4随着旋轮3的进给，以相同的速度后退，给坯料提供支撑。由于反推辊只在坯料一侧支撑坯料，故此时只用单旋轮旋压。 As shown in Figure 4, when deep-drawing and spinning a cylindrical billet, in order to prevent the billet from wrinkling, a reverse push roller is used. The reverse push roller 4 is installed behind the billet, and the reverse push roller 4 is driven by air pressure. When the spinning starts , the reverse push roller 4 extends to the rear of the blank under the drive of air pressure, and the rotary wheel 3 presses the blank during the feeding process, so that the blank 2 on the outer periphery of the mandrel 1 is deformed, and one side of the deformed blank contacts the rotary wheel, and the other side In contact with the reverse push roller, the reverse push roller 4 retreats at the same speed with the feed of the rotary wheel 3 to provide support for the blank. Since the reverse push roller only supports the blank on one side of the blank, only a single wheel is used for spinning at this time.
在使板坯成形为筒形坯料和凹底成形时，是以径向拉深为主体而使毛坯直径减小的成 形工艺，故称拉深旋压；由于在成形筒形坯料时，单道次拉深旋压时成形极限有限，故多数情况下需进行多道次拉深，所以也称为多道次拉深旋压。拉深旋压成筒形坯料时，在前几道次的旋压中为单纯的往程旋压，即旋轮向坯件敞口端进给的普通旋压方法；在其后的旋压道次中，旋轮在旋压成形中即向坯料敞口端进给，随后又逆向坯件敞口端进给，这种旋压称为往、返程相结合的旋压成形，采用往返程旋压轨迹可以防止坯料壁部过度减薄，提高坯料拉深旋压后的壁厚均匀性。 When the slab is formed into a cylindrical blank and a concave bottom, it is a forming process in which the diameter of the blank is reduced by radial drawing as the main body, so it is called deep-drawing spinning; because when forming a cylindrical blank, single-pass The forming limit is limited during the single drawing and spinning, so in most cases, multi-pass drawing is required, so it is also called multi-pass drawing and spinning. When drawing and spinning a cylindrical blank, it is a simple forward spinning method in the first few passes of spinning, that is, a common spinning method in which the spinning wheel is fed to the open end of the blank; In the pass, the rotary wheel feeds to the open end of the blank during spinning forming, and then feeds against the open end of the blank. This spinning is called spinning forming with a combination of forward and return strokes. The spinning track can prevent excessive thinning of the wall of the billet and improve the uniformity of the wall thickness of the billet after deep drawing and spinning.
如图5、6‐1和6‐2所示，旋压减薄到规定尺寸时，先将坯料2套在芯模1上，然后将旋轮调整到所需的压下量和减薄率，旋轮在数控系统的驱动下，沿平行于芯模轮廓的轨迹进给加压于坯料使其壁厚减薄。在直筒段减薄时，采用双锥面旋轮(如图6-1和图6-2所示)，由于旋轮两端均为锥面，故称为双锥面旋轮，这样可以防止出现反挤现象。 As shown in Figure 5, 6-1 and 6-2, when the spinning is thinned to the specified size, first set the blank 2 on the mandrel 1, and then adjust the rotary wheel to the required reduction and thinning rate , driven by the numerical control system, the rotary wheel feeds and presses the blank along a trajectory parallel to the contour of the mandrel to reduce the wall thickness. When the straight section is thinned, a double-cone roller is used (as shown in Figure 6-1 and Figure 6-2). Since both ends of the roller are conical, it is called a double-cone roller, which can prevent Back squeeze occurs.
实施例1 Example 1
一种高压电器开关屏蔽罩，材料为1060铝，形状如图1所示，其中直筒段(图1中A部分)直径D＝190±1mm，长度L＝400mm，凹底直径d＝56±0.5mm，壁厚t＝2mm，该零件用于屏蔽外界磁场和电场，保证高压电器开关稳定工作。其旋压成形的具体步骤如下： A high-voltage electrical switch shielding cover, the material is 1060 aluminum, the shape is shown in Figure 1, in which the diameter of the straight section (Part A in Figure 1) is D=190±1mm, the length L=400mm, and the diameter of the concave bottom is d=56±0.5 mm, wall thickness t=2mm, this part is used to shield the external magnetic field and electric field, and ensure the stable operation of high-voltage electrical switch. The specific steps of spinning forming are as follows:
1、坯料计算：零件的壁厚为2mm，考虑到加工过程中壁厚会有一定程度减薄，故坯料厚度应大于2mm，现市场上供应的1060铝板主要有3mm及4mm等规格。 1. Billet calculation: The wall thickness of the part is 2mm. Considering that the wall thickness will be reduced to a certain extent during the processing process, the thickness of the billet should be greater than 2mm. The 1060 aluminum plates currently available on the market mainly have specifications such as 3mm and 4mm.
按照体积不变原理计算采用3mm及4mm板坯时坯料的直径分别为450mm和405mm，采用3mm板坯时的旋压系数分别为0.418<0.5(即192/150＝0.418),不满足变形量分配原则(式1)，采用4mm板坯时的旋压系数为0.464>0.45(即192/405＝0.464)满足变形量分配原则(式1)，此时总的减薄率为50％>10％(即2mm/4mm＝50％)，满足变形量分配原则(式2)，故选用直径405mm，壁厚4mm的铝板坯。 Calculated according to the principle of constant volume, the diameters of the blanks when using 3mm and 4mm slabs are 450mm and 405mm respectively, and the spinning coefficients when using 3mm slabs are 0.418<0.5 (ie 192/150=0.418), which does not meet the distribution of deformation Principle (Formula 1), when using 4mm slab, the spinning coefficient is 0.464>0.45 (that is, 192/405=0.464) to meet the deformation distribution principle (Formula 1), at this time the total thinning rate is 50%>10% (ie 2mm/4mm=50%), satisfying the principle of deformation distribution (Formula 2), so an aluminum slab with a diameter of 405mm and a wall thickness of 4mm is selected.
2、凹底旋压成形 2. Concave bottom spinning
如图3所示，设计一个与凹底轮廓相同的用于旋压的芯模1，安装在机床主轴上，将规格为的铝板坯固定在芯模与尾顶之间。按普旋轨迹的编制方法，选取渐开线基圆半径185mm，首道次仰角为60°，道次间距5mm编制普旋轨迹。选用圆角半径为6mm的圆弧形旋轮，主轴带动坯料旋转，旋轮在数控系统的控制下沿设定的轨迹进给，主轴转速为800r/min。旋轮轨迹为普旋圆弧形轨迹与强旋直线型轨迹相结合的轨迹(如图3所示)，即前两道次为普通旋压成形，进给比为2mm/r；第3至第6道次的前半部分为强力旋压，旋轮轨迹为直线型，减薄率分别为12.5％、14.3％、16.7％、20％，进给比为0.6mm/r，随着道次的增加，强力旋压轨迹逐渐增长，其长度分别为5mm、10mm、15mm、20mm，后 半部分为普通旋压，旋轮轨迹为圆弧形，采用此种轨迹可以使旋压后的凹底部分内表面紧贴旋压芯模，保证了尺寸精度及表面质量。凹底部分的内径要求为56±0.5mm，采用复合旋压成形后，凹底部分的内径为56±0.2mm，满足尺寸要求。 As shown in Figure 3, design a mandrel 1 for spinning that is identical to the contour of the concave bottom, install it on the machine tool spindle, and set the specification as The aluminum slab is fixed between the mandrel and the tail top. According to the preparation method of the general rotation trajectory, the radius of the involute base circle is 185mm, the elevation angle of the first pass is 60°, and the pass interval is 5mm to compile the general rotation trajectory. The arc-shaped rotary wheel with a fillet radius of 6mm is selected, the spindle drives the blank to rotate, the rotary wheel is fed along the set track under the control of the numerical control system, and the spindle speed is 800r/min. The orbit of the spinning wheel is a combination of general-rotating arc-shaped trajectory and strong-rotating linear trajectory (as shown in Figure 3), that is, the first two passes are ordinary spinning and the feed ratio is 2mm/r; the third to The first half of the 6th pass is powerful spinning, the track of the spinning wheel is linear, the thinning rate is 12.5%, 14.3%, 16.7%, 20%, and the feed ratio is 0.6mm/r. Increase, the powerful spinning trajectory gradually increases, and its length is 5mm, 10mm, 15mm, 20mm respectively. The inner surface is close to the spinning mandrel, which ensures the dimensional accuracy and surface quality. The inner diameter of the concave bottom part is required to be 56±0.5mm. After composite spinning is used, the inner diameter of the concave bottom part is 56±0.2mm, which meets the size requirements.
3、拉深旋压成筒形坯料 3. Deep drawing and spinning into cylindrical blank
如图4所示，设计一个直径为188mm，长度为450mm，底部凹底内径为56mm的旋压芯模，将凹台成形后的坯料翻转方向，采用直径为102mm的尾顶将坯料夹紧。按普旋轨迹的编制方法，选取渐开线基圆半径620mm，首道次仰角为50°，道次间距12mm编制普旋轨迹。主轴带动坯料旋转，旋轮在数控系统的控制下按照设定轨迹运动，经过多道次拉深旋压成筒形件。选用圆角半径为17mm的旋轮，主轴转速为800r/min，进给比为2mm/r。由于坯料直径较大，在旋压过程中为防止凸缘起皱，采用反推辊。拉深旋压轨迹见图4所示，前4道次为单纯的往程旋压；随后的旋压轨迹为往、返程相结合的旋压轨迹。 As shown in Figure 4, design a spinning mandrel with a diameter of 188mm, a length of 450mm, and an inner diameter of the bottom concave bottom of 56mm. Turn the blank after the concave table is formed, and clamp the blank with a tail top with a diameter of 102mm. According to the preparation method of the general rotation trajectory, the radius of the base circle of the involute is 620mm, the elevation angle of the first pass is 50°, and the pass interval is 12mm to compile the general rotation trajectory. The main shaft drives the billet to rotate, and the rotary wheel moves according to the set track under the control of the numerical control system, and is drawn and spun into a cylindrical part through multiple passes. The rotary wheel with a fillet radius of 17mm is selected, the spindle speed is 800r/min, and the feed ratio is 2mm/r. Due to the large diameter of the billet, in order to prevent the flange from wrinkling during the spinning process, a reverse push roller is used. The drawing and spinning trajectory is shown in Figure 4. The first 4 passes are pure forward spinning; the subsequent spinning trajectory is a combination of forward and return spinning.
4、壁厚减薄到规定尺寸 4. The wall thickness is reduced to the specified size
换用直径为70mm的尾顶(用于夹紧坯料并随主轴一起旋转的装置)，将坯料夹紧，壁厚减薄分为两步，如图5所示，第一步采用圆角半径为17mm的圆弧形旋轮分三道次拉深减薄底部圆弧形部分(图1中B段)，即主轴带动坯料旋转，旋轮在数控系统的驱动下沿平行于圆弧段的轮廓，从c点进给到d点(如图1所示)，第一道次旋轮与芯模间隙为3.2mm，第二道次间隙为2.6mm，第三道次间隙为2mm；第二步采用双锥面旋轮(如图6所示)，双旋轮分两道次强力旋压成形零件的直筒部分(如图6所示)，即主轴带动坯料旋转，旋轮沿轴向从c点进给至坯料开口端，第一道次减薄率为30％，第二道次减薄率为28.6％，主轴转速200r/min，进给比0.6mm/r。 Replace the tail top with a diameter of 70mm (the device used to clamp the blank and rotate with the main shaft), clamp the blank, and reduce the wall thickness in two steps, as shown in Figure 5. The first step uses the fillet radius The 17mm arc-shaped rotary wheel is drawn in three passes to thin the arc-shaped part of the bottom (section B in Figure 1), that is, the spindle drives the blank to rotate, and the rotary wheel is driven by the numerical control system along the direction parallel to the arc section. Contour, feed from point c to point d (as shown in Figure 1), the gap between the rotary wheel and the mandrel in the first pass is 3.2mm, the gap in the second pass is 2.6mm, and the gap in the third pass is 2mm; The second step adopts double-cone rollers (as shown in Figure 6), and the double-rotor wheels are divided into two passes to powerfully spin the straight part of the formed part (as shown in Figure 6), that is, the main shaft drives the blank to rotate, and the rollers rotate along the axial direction Feed from point c to the open end of the billet, the thinning rate of the first pass is 30%, the thinning rate of the second pass is 28.6%, the spindle speed is 200r/min, and the feed ratio is 0.6mm/r.
将开口端切掉余量，进行后续的铣削加工，即可得到合乎要求的产品。采用外径千分尺、内径表对零件进行测量，结果表明采用经复合旋压成形后的屏蔽罩直筒段外径为192±0.2mm、凹底段内径56±0.1mm，满足产品尺寸精度要求。成形工序由原先的6道减少到3道，生产效率提高近50％。 Cut off the allowance at the open end and carry out subsequent milling to obtain the desired product. The outer diameter micrometer and inner diameter gauge are used to measure the parts. The results show that the outer diameter of the straight section of the shielding cover after composite spinning is 192±0.2mm, and the inner diameter of the concave bottom section is 56±0.1mm, which meets the dimensional accuracy requirements of the product. The forming process is reduced from the original 6 to 3, and the production efficiency is increased by nearly 50%.
实施例2 Example 2
一种高压电器开关屏蔽罩，材料为铝合金，形状如图1所示，其中直筒段(图1中A部分)直径D＝240±1mm，长度L＝300mm，凹底直径d＝53±0.5mm，长度l＝12mm，零件整体壁厚为t＝2mm，具体步骤如下： A high-voltage electrical switch shielding cover, the material is aluminum alloy, the shape is shown in Figure 1, wherein the diameter of the straight section (Part A in Figure 1) is D=240±1mm, the length L=300mm, and the diameter of the concave bottom is d=53±0.5 mm, length l=12mm, and the overall wall thickness of the part is t=2mm, the specific steps are as follows:
1、坯料计算：按照体积不变原理计算采用3mm板坯时坯料的直径分别为500mm，此时旋压系数为0.48>0.45，强力旋压时的减薄率为33％>10％(1mm/3mm＝33％),满足变 形量分配原则。 1. Calculation of the billet: According to the principle of constant volume, the diameter of the billet is 500mm when the 3mm slab is used. At this time, the spinning coefficient is 0.48>0.45, and the thinning rate during strong spinning is 33%>10% (1mm/ 3mm=33%), satisfying the distribution principle of deformation.
2、凹底旋压成形： 2. Concave bottom spinning forming:
成形方法与实施例1相同，设计一个与凹底轮廓相同的旋压芯模，安装在机床主轴上，将规格为的铝板坯固定在芯模与尾顶之间，尾顶直径为53mm。按普旋轨迹的编制方法，选取渐开线基圆半径175mm，首道次仰角为60°，道次间距5mm编制普旋轨迹。选用圆角半径为6mm的圆弧形旋轮，主轴带动坯料旋转，旋轮在数控系统的控制下沿设定的轨迹进给，主轴转速为800r/min。旋轮轨迹为普旋圆弧形轨迹与强旋直线型轨迹相结合的轨迹，前两道次为普通旋压成形，进给比为2mm/r，旋轮轨迹为圆弧形；第3至第4道次的前半部分为强力旋压，旋轮轨迹为直线型，减薄率分别为16.7％、20％，进给比为0.6mm/r，随着道次的增加，强旋旋压轨迹逐渐增长，其长度分别为5mm、10mm，后半部分为普通旋压，旋轮轨迹为圆弧形。 The forming method is the same as in Example 1, and a spinning mandrel identical to the contour of the concave bottom is designed, installed on the main shaft of the machine tool, and the specification is The aluminum slab is fixed between the mandrel and the tail top, and the diameter of the tail top is 53mm. According to the preparation method of the general rotation trajectory, the radius of the involute base circle is selected to be 175mm, the elevation angle of the first pass is 60°, and the pass interval is 5mm to compile the general rotation trajectory. The arc-shaped rotary wheel with a fillet radius of 6mm is selected, the spindle drives the blank to rotate, the rotary wheel is fed along the set track under the control of the numerical control system, and the spindle speed is 800r/min. The orbit of the spinning wheel is a combination of the arc-shaped trajectory of general rotation and the linear trajectory of strong rotation. The first two passes are ordinary spinning, the feed ratio is 2mm/r, and the trajectory of the spinning wheel is arc-shaped; the third to The first half of the 4th pass is strong spinning, the track of the wheel is linear, the thinning rate is 16.7%, 20% respectively, and the feed ratio is 0.6mm/r. With the increase of passes, the strong spinning The trajectory gradually increases, and its length is 5mm and 10mm respectively. The second half is ordinary spinning, and the trajectory of the spinning wheel is arc-shaped.
3、拉深旋压成筒形坯料 3. Deep drawing and spinning into cylindrical blank
设计一个直径为240mm，长度为350mm，底部凹底内径为53mm的旋压芯模，将凹台成形后的坯料翻转方向，采用直径为100mm的尾顶将坯料夹紧。按普旋轨迹的编制方法，选取渐开线基圆半径792mm，首道次仰角为50°，道次间距10mm编制普旋轨迹。主轴转速为800r/min，进给比为2mm/r，选用圆角半径为17mm的旋轮，经多道次拉深成筒形件。拉深旋压轨迹前6道次为单纯的往程旋压；随后的旋压轨迹为往、返程相结合的旋压轨迹，旋压过程中采用反推辊。 Design a spinning mandrel with a diameter of 240mm, a length of 350mm, and an inner diameter of the bottom concave bottom of 53mm. Turn the direction of the blank after the concave table is formed, and clamp the blank with a tail top with a diameter of 100mm. According to the preparation method of the general rotation trajectory, the radius of the involute base circle is selected to be 792mm, the elevation angle of the first pass is 50°, and the pass interval is 10mm to compile the general rotation trajectory. The spindle speed is 800r/min, the feed ratio is 2mm/r, and the rotary wheel with a fillet radius of 17mm is selected to form a cylindrical part through multi-pass drawing. The first 6 passes of the deep-drawing spinning track are pure forward spinning; the subsequent spinning track is a combination of forward and return spinning tracks, and reverse push rollers are used in the spinning process.
4、壁厚减薄到规定尺寸 4. The wall thickness is reduced to the specified size
采用R17的圆弧形旋轮分两道次成形圆弧形部分，第一道次旋轮与芯模的间隙为2.4mm，第二道次间隙为2.0mm；随后采用双锥面旋轮成形直筒部分，一道次旋压成形，减薄率为33％。 The arc-shaped part is formed in two steps by using the R17 arc-shaped rotary wheel. The gap between the rotary wheel and the mandrel in the first pass is 2.4mm, and the gap in the second pass is 2.0mm; then the double-cone rotary wheel is used for forming. The straight part is formed by spinning once, and the thinning rate is 33%.
将开口端切掉余量，进行后续的铣削加工，即可得到合乎要求的产品。采用经复合旋压成形后的屏蔽罩直筒段外径为240±0.2mm、凹底段内径53±0.1mm，满足产品尺寸精度要求。 Cut off the allowance at the open end and carry out subsequent milling to obtain the desired product. The outer diameter of the straight section of the shielding cover after composite spinning is 240±0.2mm, and the inner diameter of the concave bottom section is 53±0.1mm, which meets the dimensional accuracy requirements of the product.
实施例3 Example 3
一种高压电器开关屏蔽罩，材料为铝合金，形状如图2所示，直筒部分直径D＝250±1mm，长度L＝400mm，壁厚t1＝2mm，凹底直径d＝60±0.5mm，长度l＝20mm，壁厚为t2＝4mm，具体步骤如下： A high-voltage electrical switch shielding cover, the material is aluminum alloy, the shape is shown in Figure 2, the diameter of the straight part is D=250±1mm, the length L=400mm, the wall thickness t1=2mm, the diameter of the concave bottom d=60±0.5mm, The length l=20mm, the wall thickness is t2=4mm, the specific steps are as follows:
1、坯料计算：按照体积不变原理计算采用4mm板坯时坯料的直径分别为512mm， 此时旋压系数为0.49>0.45，强力旋压时的减薄率为50％>15％(2mm/4mm＝50％),满足变形量分配原则。 1. Calculation of the billet: According to the principle of constant volume, the diameter of the billet is 512mm when the 4mm slab is used. At this time, the spinning coefficient is 0.49>0.45, and the thinning rate is 50%>15% (2mm/ 4mm=50%), satisfying the distribution principle of deformation.
2、凹底旋压成形： 2. Concave bottom spinning forming:
设计一个与凹底轮廓相同的旋压芯模，安装在机床主轴上，将规格为的铝板坯固定在芯模与尾顶之间，尾顶直径为60mm。按普旋轨迹的编制方法，选取渐开线基圆半径200mm，首道次仰角为60°，道次间距5mm编制普旋轨迹。选用圆角半径为6mm的圆弧形旋轮，主轴带动坯料旋转，旋轮在数控系统的控制下沿设定的轨迹进给，主轴转速为800r/min。与实施例1‐2不同，此时只有形状变化，壁厚不变，因此旋轮轨迹为普旋圆弧形轨迹，5道次旋压成形，进给比为2mm/r，旋轮轨迹为圆弧形(如图7所示)。 Design a spinning mandrel with the same contour as the concave bottom, install it on the spindle of the machine tool, and set the specification as The aluminum slab is fixed between the mandrel and the tail top, and the diameter of the tail top is 60mm. According to the preparation method of the general rotation trajectory, the radius of the involute base circle is selected to be 200mm, the elevation angle of the first pass is 60°, and the pass interval is 5mm to compile the general rotation trajectory. The arc-shaped rotary wheel with a fillet radius of 6mm is selected, the spindle drives the blank to rotate, the rotary wheel is fed along the set track under the control of the numerical control system, and the spindle speed is 800r/min. Different from Example 1-2, only the shape changes at this time, and the wall thickness remains unchanged. Therefore, the trajectory of the wheel is a general circular arc trajectory, 5 passes of spinning, the feed ratio is 2mm/r, and the trajectory of the wheel is Arc shape (as shown in Figure 7).
3、拉深旋压成筒形坯料 3. Deep drawing and spinning into cylindrical blank
设计一个直径为250mm，长度为450mm，底部凹底内径为60mm的旋压芯模，将凹台成形后的坯料翻转方向，采用直径为105mm的尾顶将坯料夹紧。按普旋轨迹的编制方法，选取渐开线基圆半径830mm，首道次仰角为50°，道次间距12mm编制普旋轨迹。主轴转速为800r/min，进给比为2mm/r，选用圆角半径为17mm的旋轮，经多道次拉深成筒形件。拉深旋压轨迹前7道次为单纯的往程旋压；随后的旋压轨迹为往、返程相结合的旋压轨迹，旋压过程中采用反推辊。 Design a spinning mandrel with a diameter of 250mm, a length of 450mm, and an inner diameter of the bottom concave bottom of 60mm. Turn the direction of the billet after the concave table is formed, and clamp the billet with a tail top with a diameter of 105mm. According to the preparation method of the general rotation trajectory, the radius of the base circle of the involute is 830mm, the elevation angle of the first pass is 50°, and the distance between the passes is 12mm to compile the general rotation trajectory. The spindle speed is 800r/min, the feed ratio is 2mm/r, and the rotary wheel with a fillet radius of 17mm is selected to form a cylindrical part through multi-pass drawing. The first 7 passes of the deep-drawing spinning track are pure forward spinning; the subsequent spinning track is a combination of forward and return spinning tracks, and reverse push rollers are used in the spinning process.
4、壁厚减薄到规定尺寸 4. The wall thickness is reduced to the specified size
与实施例1‐2不同，此时底部已满足尺寸要求，故只需对直筒段壁部进行强力旋压减薄到规定尺寸。采用双锥面旋轮强力旋压成形直筒部分，两道次旋压成形，减薄率分别为30％，28.6％。 Different from Example 1-2, the bottom has met the size requirements at this time, so it is only necessary to carry out powerful spinning on the wall of the straight section to reduce the thickness to the specified size. The straight part is formed by powerful spinning of double-cone rollers, and the two-pass spinning is formed, and the thinning rate is 30% and 28.6% respectively.
将开口端切掉余量，即可得到合乎要求的产品。采用经复合旋压成形后的屏蔽罩直筒段外径为250±0.2mm、凹底段内径60±0.2mm，满足产品尺寸精度要求。 Cut off the margin at the open end to get the desired product. The outer diameter of the straight section of the shielding cover after composite spinning is 250±0.2mm, and the inner diameter of the concave bottom section is 60±0.2mm, which meets the dimensional accuracy requirements of the product.
在本发明按体积不变原理及变形量分配原则选择合适规格的坯料；在成形凹底时，如底部壁厚与坯料厚度不同，在每一道次旋压中将普通旋压和强力旋压相结合，即每一道次的旋压轨迹为强旋直线型轨迹与普旋圆弧形轨迹相结合，如底部壁厚与坯料厚度相同，则只需普通旋压成形；在成形零件主体部分时，先将板坯拉深旋压成筒形坯料，然后旋压减薄到规定尺寸。将强力旋压与普通旋压有机结合完成带凹底薄壁曲母线零件的完整近净成形。 In the present invention, the blank of appropriate specifications is selected according to the principle of constant volume and the principle of deformation distribution; when forming the concave bottom, if the wall thickness of the bottom is different from the thickness of the blank, ordinary spinning and strong spinning are combined in each spinning process. Combination, that is, the spinning trajectory of each pass is a combination of a strong spinning linear trajectory and a general spinning arc trajectory. If the bottom wall thickness is the same as the blank thickness, only ordinary spinning forming is required; when forming the main part of the part, First, the slab is drawn and spun into a cylindrical billet, and then spun and thinned to the specified size. Combine powerful spinning with ordinary spinning to complete the complete near-net shape of thin-wall curved busbar parts with concave bottom.
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| GB2513248A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-10-22 | Luxfer Gas Cylinders Ltd | Method of manufacturing pressure vessel liners |
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| GB2513248A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-10-22 | Luxfer Gas Cylinders Ltd | Method of manufacturing pressure vessel liners |
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