CN104543459A - Feeding method for producing high-quality goose meat - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a feeding method for producing high-quality goose meat. The feeding method is characterized in that in the whole production process of broiler geese, animal feed containing a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive is adopted for feeding, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive comprises the following components: plantain herb, common andrographis herb, milkvetch root, villous amomum fruits, medicated leaven, pilose asiabell root, epimedium herb, pokeberry root, manyflower solomonseal rhizome, officinal magnolia bark, Chinese magnoliavine fruits, cortex acanthopanacis radicis, cyrtomium fortunei, rhubarb, heartleaf houttuynia herb, ginger, mulberry fruits, peppermint, common lophatherum herb, cape jasmine fruits, baical skullcap root, reed rhizome, great burdock achene, hawthorn fruits, liquorice root, pine needle powder and the like. The invention aims at solving the problems of residual unfavorable medicaments and heavy metals in animal bodies, poor meat quality and the like and producing safe, green, delicious and sweet animal meat products; and meanwhile, the immunity of animals is strengthened, the growth is promoted, and the disease incidence and the mortality rate are reduced under the situation of not using any antibiotic type medicament additives.

Description

Breeding method for producing high-quality goose meat

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feeding, and particularly relates to a feeding method capable of producing safe, green, delicious and sweet goose meat.

Background

Currently, the breeding industry in China is continuously developed towards intensification and large scale, and animal diseases are always important bottlenecks which plague the development of the industry. The main way for preventing and treating animal diseases is to use antibiotics, which can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria to a certain extent to achieve the effects of treating and preventing diseases, but also inhibit normal flora in animal intestinal tracts to play a role, so as to cause imbalance of flora in animal intestinal tracts, so that the immune function of animal organisms is inhibited, and the animals are more easily infected with new pathogens to cause diseases. In recent years, serious consequences caused by antibiotic abuse, such as increasing of drug-resistant strains, long antibiotic residues and the like, seriously threaten human health, and attract attention. The european union has prohibited the addition of antibiotics to livestock feed from 2006 and 1 month onwards. Subsequently, developed countries in asia, such as japan and korea, have also made antibiotic-free feeding regulations for livestock and poultry. Before and after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, China also began to gain unprecedented importance in livestock and poultry antibiotic-free breeding.

Researchers in various countries around the world have paid attention to the research on the livestock and poultry breeding mode without antibiotic addition as early as 70 and 80 years in the 20 th century, and particularly, the research on the preparation of antibiotic-free feed by utilizing microbial preparation fermentation has made some progress. Various zymophyte agents with different functions appear in the market, such as EM bacteria successfully researched in 1982 by professor bijia of university of Youkou, Japan, NS lactobacillus of doctor Kingfeng in China, vitality 99, probiotic bacteria, saccharifying enzyme and the like popularized and used in China. The fermentation bacteria can decompose and utilize carbon and nitrogen sources in daily ration of livestock and poultry (or leftovers and waste residues generated in industrial production are used as raw materials to realize resource utilization) to be converted into microbial mycoprotein which is easy to digest and absorb by animals, and the fermented feed has fragrance and good palatability, can stimulate the appetite of the animals, and achieves the effects of increasing the appetite, rapidly growing and gaining the weight of the livestock and the poultry. In the whole feeding process, antibiotic medicines are not needed to be added or are added in a small amount, and the beneficial microorganisms contained in the feed are only utilized to maintain the micro-ecological environment in the livestock and poultry bodies and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, so that the physique and disease resistance of the livestock and poultry can be effectively improved.

At present, people also add Chinese herbal medicines into daily ration of livestock and poultry and mix the daily ration with fermentation raw materials to prepare composite feed containing probiotics, enzyme preparations and Chinese herbal medicines, and the combination of three action factors in the feed has a synergistic effect, so that the feed can better prevent and treat animal diseases, promote the growth of animals and improve the disease-resistant immunity of the livestock and poultry. For example, chinese patent (CN 102318735 a) discloses an antibiotic-free compound feed, which comprises a mixed feed containing Chinese herbal medicines and a plurality of probiotic compound fermentation materials, and the weight parts of the materials are as follows: 2-8: 98-92; wherein the Chinese herbal medicine mixed feed comprises: folium Ginkgo, caulis Lonicerae, radix Platycodi, bean cake, peanut cake, semen Maydis powder, wheat flour, calcium hydrogen phosphate, salt, compound microelement, compound vitamin, and selenium-rich yeast; the composite fermentation material of multiple probiotics is obtained by domesticating microbial strains through purposes, performing single-strain fermentation through a solid fermentation culture medium, and then compounding, and comprises an enterococcus faecalis fermentation material, a bacillus licheniformis fermentation material, a saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation material, a trichoderma lii fermentation material and an aspergillus niger fermentation material; the antibiotic-free compound feed has the advantages of growth promotion, no toxic or side effect, no antibiotic residue, no pollution, no drug resistance, capability of improving the utilization rate of the feed, promotion of healthy growth of livestock and poultry and good meat quality. Chinese patent (CN102813056A) discloses a microbial degradation feed, which is prepared from Chinese herbal medicine feed additives and raw dry feed, wherein the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additives to the raw dry feed is 5-8: 92-95, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive comprises the following raw materials: ginseng leftover powder, isatis root powder, salvia miltiorrhiza powder, mulberry leaf powder, sweet wormwood powder and acer truncatum leaf powder; the raw dry feed comprises the following raw materials: gramineae seed powder, wheat bran and soybean meal; the feed has complete nutrition components, improved meat quality due to medicinal components, no pesticide residue and pesticide residue, and almost zero heavy metal content.

However, according to the current situation in China, the ratio of the livestock and poultry breeding in the nonreactive livestock and poultry breeding mode is still low, most of farmers still use the feed containing the additives such as hormones and antibiotics, the quality of the produced livestock and poultry meat is directly influenced after the livestock and poultry eat the feed containing the hormones and the antibiotics, chemical additives such as the hormones and the antibiotics also remain in the excrements discharged by conversion, and secondary pollution to crops and chemical agents in the feed remain because the livestock and poultry excrements are generally used as biological fertilizers for the crops. In addition, pesticide and heavy metal residues can be caused by pesticide application and fertilization in the growth process of crops. The method is proved by events such as overproof rice metal, clenbuterol poisoning, toxic milk powder, toxic preserved eggs and the like in China in recent years. The fermented feed is mainly prepared from cereals such as cereals, beans and potatoes as fermentation raw materials, the livestock and poultry eat the fermented feed and then cause cyclic pollution, and the produced livestock and poultry meat has harmful substances such as chemical agents, pesticides and heavy metals, so that the health of people is seriously threatened at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a novel Chinese herbal medicine feed additive and a Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed, and also provides a preparation method thereof, and a method for feeding meat geese by adopting the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed, aiming at solving the problems of unfavorable chemical drugs, heavy metal residue, poor meat quality and the like in the meat geese, and producing safe, green, delicious and sweet goose meat; meanwhile, the immunity of the meat geese is enhanced, the growth is promoted, and the morbidity and the mortality of the meat geese are reduced under the condition that no antibiotic medicine additive is used.

Specifically, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a breeding method for producing high-quality goose meat comprises feeding meat goose with livestock and fowl feed containing Chinese herbal medicine feed additive during the whole growth process; the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive comprises the following Chinese herbal medicine components in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of plantain herb, 3-10 parts of common andrographis herb, 3-8 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 0-8 parts of fructus amomi, 0-8 parts of medicated leaven, 2-6 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 3-8 parts of epimedium herb, 3-8 parts of radix glehniae, 2-6 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 5-10 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 0-8 parts of schisandra chinensis, 3-8 parts of cortex acanthopanacis, 0-5 parts of cyrtomium rhizome, 3-8 parts of rheum officinale, 3-10 parts of houttuynia cordata, 0-8 parts of ginger, 3-8 parts of mulberry, 3-8 parts of mint, 3-10 parts of lophatherum gracile, 3-8 parts of gardenia, 3-8 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 0-8 parts of reed rhizome, 0-8 parts of burdock, 3-10 parts of hawthorn, 3-10 parts of liquorice.

The safety of the meat of livestock and poultry (such as chicken, duck, goose, pig, cattle, sheep, etc.) is mainly affected by chemical additives, pesticides and heavy metal residues. Firstly, a large amount of chemical additives such as antibiotics, hormones, stimulants, preservatives and the like are used and can be remained in livestock and poultry bodies; secondly, the main grains of the livestock and poultry, such as corn, bean pulp, wheat bran, rice bran and the like, are polluted by pesticide residues and heavy metals exceeding the standard, and the main grains of the livestock and poultry can also be remained in the bodies of the livestock and poultry after being eaten by the livestock and poultry. The harmful substances such as chemical additives, pesticides and heavy metals are effectively avoided, and the guarantee of healthy and safe livestock and poultry meat is provided.

The Chinese herbal medicine plantain herb adopted by the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive has the effects of promoting diuresis for treating stranguria, clearing away heat and toxic materials, clearing liver and improving eyesight, eliminating phlegm and stopping diarrhea; herba Andrographitis has effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving inflammation, and relieving swelling and pain; radix astragali has effects of enhancing organism immunity, protecting liver, promoting urination, resisting aging, resisting stress and resisting bacteria; fructus Amomi has effects of eliminating dampness, promoting appetite, warming spleen and relieving diarrhea; medicated leaven has effects of invigorating spleen, promoting digestion, regulating qi-flowing, eliminating dampness, and relieving exterior syndrome; radix Codonopsis has effects of invigorating spleen, replenishing qi, quenching thirst, invigorating spleen, benefiting lung, nourishing blood, and promoting fluid production; herba Epimedii has effects of invigorating kidney, supporting yang, dispelling pathogenic wind, and removing dampness; radix Phytolaccae has effects of eliminating phlegm, relieving asthma, relieving cough, resisting bacteria, resisting inflammation, and promoting urination; rhizoma Polygonati has effects of invigorating qi, nourishing yin, invigorating spleen, moistening lung, and invigorating kidney; cortex Magnolia officinalis has effects in promoting qi circulation, eliminating dampness, warming middle warmer, relieving pain, lowering adverse qi, and relieving asthma; fructus Schisandrae has effects of astringing lung, nourishing kidney, promoting fluid production, arresting sweating, and astringing essence; cortex Acanthopanacis has effects of dispelling pathogenic wind and removing dampness, invigorating liver and kidney, strengthening tendons and bones, and inducing diuresis for removing edema; rhizoma Osmundae has effects of clearing heat, removing toxic substances, cooling blood, and stopping bleeding; radix et rhizoma Rhei has effects of eliminating stagnation, clearing away damp-heat, purging pathogenic fire, cooling blood, removing blood stasis, and removing toxic substance; the heartleaf houttuynia herb can clear away heat and toxic materials, relieve swelling and cure sore, promote diuresis and remove dampness, clear away heat and stop dysentery, and invigorate stomach and promote digestion, and is mainly used for treating lung carbuncle, sore and ulcer pyogenic infections, hemorrhoid hematochezia, heat accumulation in spleen and stomach and the like caused by excess heat, heat toxin, damp evil and disease heat; rhizoma Zingiberis recens has effects of relieving exterior syndrome, dispelling cold, warming middle warmer, relieving vomit, warming lung, relieving cough, and removing toxic substance; the mulberry has the effects of nourishing yin and supplementing blood, promoting the production of body fluid and moistening dryness, and moistening intestines and expelling toxin; herba Menthae has effects of dispelling pathogenic wind and heat, refreshing mind, relieving sore throat, promoting eruption, dispersing stagnated liver qi, and activating qi-flowing; lophatherum gracile has the effects of clearing heat, relieving restlessness and promoting urination; fructus Gardeniae has effects in clearing away heat, purging pathogenic fire, removing toxic materials, and cooling blood; scutellariae radix has effects of clearing heat, eliminating dampness, clearing pathogenic fire, removing toxic substances, and stopping bleeding; rhizoma Phragmitis has effects of clearing heat-fire, promoting fluid production to quench thirst, relieving restlessness, relieving vomit, and promoting urination; fructus Arctii has effects of dispelling pathogenic wind and heat, dispersing lung qi, promoting eruption, relieving sore throat, resolving hard mass, removing toxic substance and relieving swelling; the hawthorn has the functions of reducing blood fat, blood pressure, strengthening heart, resisting arrhythmia and the like, is also a good medicine for strengthening spleen, stimulating appetite, promoting digestion, removing stagnation, promoting blood circulation and reducing phlegm, and has good curative effects on symptoms such as chest, diaphragm, spleen fullness, hernia, blood stasis, amenorrhea and the like; the Glycyrrhrizae radix has effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, eliminating phlegm, relieving cough, and relieving epigastric pain; the pine needle powder is a livestock and poultry feed additive with higher nutritive value, and has obvious effects of promoting the growth and development of livestock and poultry, enhancing disease resistance, improving reproductive function and the like.

Most Chinese herbal medicines have double functions of nutrition and medicine, can promote glycometabolism of animal organisms, promote synthesis of protein and enzyme, increase body antibody titer, stimulate gonad development, and have the functions of sterilization, bacteriostasis, body immunity regulation and nonspecific antibiosis. The Chinese herbal medicine adopted by the Chinese herbal medicine additive has the functions of sterilization and bacteriostasis, and the effective components such as alkaloid, polysaccharide, saponin, anthracene, volatile oil, organic acid and the like are absorbed by animal bodies and then participate in microcirculation in the animal bodies, improve the chemical environment and the physical environment of cells, and stimulate the potential of the animal bodies, thereby realizing the normalization of the functions of tissue, cell and organ, further improving the nonspecific immunity function and the disease resistance of the animal bodies, and leading the animals to achieve the aim of not using antibiotic medicines in the whole feeding process. The Chinese herbal medicine additive of the invention selects Chinese herbal medicines such as lophatherum gracile, gardenia, scutellaria baicalensis, rhizoma phragmitis, burdock and the like, has the effects of detoxification and diuresis, is beneficial to accelerating the detoxification of liver and kidney, and can directly discharge toxins such as chemical additives, pesticides, heavy metals and the like out of the body through a series of metabolic reactions. Meanwhile, the addition of aromatic Chinese herbal medicines such as fructus Amomi, rhizoma Zingiberis recens, herba Menthae etc. can effectively improve meat quality and flavor. Therefore, the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive added into the livestock feed can prevent the addition of all antibiotic medicines, accelerate the elimination of various toxins, improve the quality of meat, and produce safe, green, delicious and sweet animal meat.

Further, the invention discloses a preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive, which comprises the following steps:

(1) the following Chinese herbal medicines are prepared: plantain herb, common andrographis herb, astragalus, villous amomum fruit, medicated leaven, pilose asiabell root, epimedium herb, Indian buead, manyflower solomonseal rhizome, officinal magnolia bark, Chinese magnoliavine fruit, slenderstyle acanthopanax bark, cyrtomium rhizome, rhubarb, heartleaf houttuynia herb, ginger, mulberry, mint, common lophatherum herb, cape jasmine fruit, baical skullcap root, reed rhizome, great burdock achene, hawthorn fruit, liquoric root and pine needle powder are cleaned and dried;

(2) the Chinese herbal medicines after being cleaned and dried are weighed according to the following parts by weight: 5-15 parts of plantain herb, 3-10 parts of common andrographis herb, 3-8 parts of astragalus, 0-8 parts of fructus amomi, 0-8 parts of medicated leaven, 2-6 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 3-8 parts of epimedium herb, 3-8 parts of radix glehniae, 2-6 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 5-10 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 0-8 parts of schisandra chinensis, 3-8 parts of cortex acanthopanacis, 0-5 parts of cyrtomium rhizome, 3-8 parts of rheum officinale, 3-10 parts of houttuynia cordata, 0-8 parts of ginger, 3-8 parts of mulberry, 3-8 parts of mint, 3-10 parts of lophatherum gracile, 3-8 parts of gardenia, 3-8 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 0-8 parts of reed rhizome, 0-8 parts of burdock, 3-10 parts of hawthorn, 3-10 parts of liquorice and 3-;

(3) and (3) crushing the weighed Chinese herbal medicines, and sieving the crushed Chinese herbal medicines with a 60-100-mesh sieve to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine.

The method is a conventional preparation method at present, has the advantages of less production equipment and low processing cost, but has the defects of inconvenient product transportation and storage and great popularization difficulty.

The Chinese herbal medicine feed additive can also be prepared by adopting the following method, and comprises the following steps:

(1) the following Chinese herbal medicines are prepared: plantain herb, common andrographis herb, astragalus, villous amomum fruit, medicated leaven, pilose asiabell root, epimedium herb, Indian buead, manyflower solomonseal rhizome, officinal magnolia bark, Chinese magnoliavine fruit, slenderstyle acanthopanax bark, cyrtomium rhizome, rhubarb, heartleaf houttuynia herb, ginger, mulberry, mint, common lophatherum herb, cape jasmine fruit, baical skullcap root, reed rhizome, great burdock achene, hawthorn fruit, liquoric root and pine needle powder are cleaned and dried;

(2) the Chinese herbal medicines after being cleaned and dried are weighed according to the following parts by weight: 5-15 parts of plantain herb, 3-10 parts of common andrographis herb, 3-8 parts of astragalus, 0-8 parts of fructus amomi, 0-8 parts of medicated leaven, 2-6 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 3-8 parts of epimedium herb, 3-8 parts of radix glehniae, 2-6 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 5-10 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 0-8 parts of schisandra chinensis, 3-8 parts of cortex acanthopanacis, 0-5 parts of cyrtomium rhizome, 3-8 parts of rheum officinale, 3-10 parts of houttuynia cordata, 0-8 parts of ginger, 3-8 parts of mulberry, 3-8 parts of mint, 3-10 parts of lophatherum gracile, 3-8 parts of gardenia, 3-8 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 0-8 parts of reed rhizome, 0-8 parts of burdock, 3-10 parts of hawthorn, 3-10 parts of liquorice and 3-;

(3) extracting the weighed Chinese herbal medicines with water or ethanol, and filtering;

(4) mixing extractive solutions, concentrating to obtain soft extract, and drying;

(5) and (4) crushing, and sieving by a sieve of 60-100 meshes to obtain the feed.

After water or ethanol extraction, impurities can be effectively removed, effective components can be purified, ethanol extraction with different concentrations can be adopted, and a common water extraction and alcohol precipitation method or an alcohol extraction and water precipitation method can also be adopted. The extracted active ingredient can also be mixed with adjuvants to make into various dosage forms, such as powder, granule, tablet, etc. Such excipients should be well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, such as starches, dextrins, microcrystalline cellulose, and the like.

As a further illustration of the invention, the livestock and poultry feed (namely the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed, the same below) comprises a mixed dry material containing the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive and a fermented material after fermentation and curing; the mixed dry material comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of corn flour, 80-100 parts of soybean meal or/and rapeseed meal or/and cottonseed meal, 15-30 parts of wheat bran, 15-30 parts of rice bran, 0-10 parts of zeolite powder, 3-7 parts of calcium bicarbonate or calcium hydrophosphate, 1-3 parts of salt, 0.5-1 part of mineral elements, 0.5-1 part of amino acid, 1-2 parts of vitamins and 5-15 parts of a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive; the fermentation material comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 450-550 parts of cassava residue or/and bean residue, 30-70 parts of corn flour, 30-70 parts of bean pulp or/and rapeseed meal or/and cottonseed meal and 5-15 parts of non-protein nitrogen source, 10-30 parts of fermentation inoculum is added, and the mixture is prepared by mixing and fermenting.

As a further explanation of the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed, the weight ratio of the mixed dry material to the fermented material is 1: 1-3.

The microbial fermentation feed is prepared by a biological fermentation technology, the palatability of the feed can be effectively improved, and the utilization rate of the feed is improved. The fermented material contains a large amount of mycoprotein, amino acid, polypeptide, small peptide and other substances for enhancing immunity, is rich in nutrition, is easy to be absorbed by animals, can accelerate the growth of the animals, can maintain the micro-ecological environment in the animals by using beneficial microorganisms, inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and improves the physique and disease resistance of the animals. The mixed dry material and the fermented material are mixed according to a proportion to feed animals, and the two materials have a coordinated action, so that the exerted effect is multiplied.

As a further explanation of the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed, the mineral elements comprise any one or a combination of more than one of compounds containing medium trace elements of calcium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium and iodine.

As a further illustration of the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed, the amino acid comprises any one or more of lysine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine, arginine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine and valine.

As a further illustration of the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed, the vitamins comprise any one or more of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin E.

As a further illustration of the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed, the non-protein nitrogen source comprises any one or more of urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, urea phosphate, sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate.

As a further illustration of the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed, the fermentation inoculant is prepared by carrying out amplification culture on the following fermentation strains: lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger and saccharomycetes. The fermentation strains are production strains conventionally used for feed (additives), can be obtained by self culture, and can also be directly purchased from strain production enterprises or merchants.

The invention also discloses a preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed, which comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a mixed dry material:

weighing the following raw material components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of corn flour, 80-100 parts of soybean meal or/and rapeseed meal or/and cottonseed meal, 15-30 parts of wheat bran, 15-30 parts of rice bran, 0-10 parts of zeolite powder, 3-7 parts of calcium bicarbonate or calcium hydrophosphate, 1-3 parts of salt, 0.5-1 part of mineral elements, 0.5-1 part of amino acid, 1-2 parts of vitamins and 5-15 parts of a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive; mixing to obtain the final product;

wherein, the preparation of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive comprises the following steps:

the following Chinese herbal medicines are adopted: the preparation method comprises the following steps of cleaning plantain herb, common andrographis herb, astragalus, villous amomum fruit, medicated leaven, pilose asiabell root, epimedium herb, Indian buead, manyflower solomonseal rhizome, officinal magnolia bark, Chinese magnoliavine fruit, slenderstyle acanthopanax bark, cyrtomium rhizome, rhubarb, heartleaf houttuynia herb, ginger, mulberry, mint, common lophatherum herb, cape jasmine fruit, baical skullcap root, reed rhizome, great burdock achene, hawthorn fruit, liquoric root and pine needle;

secondly, weighing the cleaned and dried Chinese herbal medicines according to the following parts by weight: 5-15 parts of plantain herb, 3-10 parts of common andrographis herb, 3-8 parts of astragalus, 0-8 parts of fructus amomi, 0-8 parts of medicated leaven, 2-6 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 3-8 parts of epimedium herb, 3-8 parts of radix glehniae, 2-6 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 5-10 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 0-8 parts of schisandra chinensis, 3-8 parts of cortex acanthopanacis, 0-5 parts of cyrtomium rhizome, 3-8 parts of rheum officinale, 3-10 parts of houttuynia cordata, 0-8 parts of ginger, 3-8 parts of mulberry, 3-8 parts of mint, 3-10 parts of lophatherum gracile, 3-8 parts of gardenia, 3-8 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 0-8 parts of reed rhizome, 0-8 parts of burdock, 3-10 parts of hawthorn, 3-10 parts of liquorice and 3-;

thirdly, crushing the weighed Chinese herbal medicines, and sieving the crushed Chinese herbal medicines by a sieve of 60-100 meshes to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine; or adding water or ethanol into the weighed Chinese herbal medicines for extraction, filtering, then combining the extracting solutions, concentrating into thick paste, drying, finally crushing, and sieving by a sieve of 60-100 meshes to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine composition;

(2) preparing a fermentation material: weighing the following raw material components in parts by weight: 450-550 parts of cassava residues or/and bean residues, 30-70 parts of corn flour, 30-70 parts of bean pulp or/and rapeseed meal or/and cottonseed meal and 5-15 parts of non-protein nitrogen source, adding 10-30 parts of fermentation inoculum, and mixing and fermenting for 10-15 days to obtain the feed;

(3) mixing the dry mixed material and the fermented material according to the weight ratio of 1: 1-3, and mixing uniformly to obtain the product.

The growth speed and the growth speed of livestock and poultry, the good and bad of the health state, the good and bad of the meat quality and the like are closely related to the feed for feeding the livestock and poultry. In the survival period of livestock and poultry, substances for enhancing the immunity of animals are required to be contained in the feed so as to ensure the survival rate of the livestock and poultry; in the growth period of livestock and poultry, the feed mainly contains multiple nutrients to ensure the rapid growth of the livestock and poultry, and increase the weight; in the slaughtering period of livestock and poultry, substances for expelling toxin and improving flavor are mainly used so as to remove harmful substances in livestock and poultry bodies, improve meat quality and flavor and ensure that safe, green, delicious and sweet animal meat products are produced.

Based on the principle, different and reasonable feed formulas are prepared according to different growth periods of the livestock and poultry, so that the growth requirements of the animals in each period can be met, the waste of the feed can be avoided, and the aim of reducing the breeding cost is fulfilled. For example, in the survival period of livestock and poultry, the Chinese herbal medicines with the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, diminishing inflammation, stopping diarrhea and enhancing the immunity of organisms such as plantain, common andrographis herb, astragalus, villous amomum fruit, officinal magnolia bark and the like are additionally added into the mixed dry materials, and the fermented materials can produce probiotics for maintaining the micro-ecological environment in the animal body and substances such as polypeptide, small peptide and the like for enhancing the immunity of the animal, and the two materials have synergistic action, so that the morbidity and mortality of the animal can be reduced under the condition of not using any antibiotic medicine additives; in the growth period of livestock and poultry, the proportion of fermentation materials in the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermentation feed is increased by utilizing the characteristics that the fermentation contains a large amount of mycoprotein and amino acid and the palatability is improved, and Chinese herbal medicines with the effects of tonifying spleen, stimulating appetite and helping digestion, such as medicated leaven, houttuynia cordata and hawthorn, are added in an auxiliary manner, so that the feed of animals can be effectively promoted, the growth of the animals is accelerated, and the effects of increasing the daily gain of the animals and reducing the feed-meat ratio are achieved; during the slaughtering period of livestock and poultry, more Chinese herbal medicines with detoxifying and diuretic effects such as lophatherum gracile, gardenia jasminoides, scutellaria baicalensis, rhizoma phragmitis and burdock and the like and zeolite powder with unique adsorbability and capable of removing heavy metal ions and cyanides harmful to animals are added into mixed dry materials, the detoxifying effect of livers and kidneys can be accelerated, toxins such as chemical additives, pesticides and heavy metals are subjected to a series of metabolic reactions or are directly discharged out of bodies, meanwhile, the addition of aromatic Chinese herbal medicines such as fructus amomi, ginger and mint can effectively improve the meat flavor, and the safe, green, delicious and sweet animal meat products are guaranteed to be produced.

As a further illustration of the invention, the meat goose is a Magang goose.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the Chinese herbal medicine adopted by the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive has double functions of nutrition and medicine, has the functions and efficacies of enhancing the immunity of organisms, promoting the intake of animals, promoting diuresis, expelling toxin, improving meat quality and flavor and the like, can reduce the morbidity and mortality of animals, accelerate the growth of the animals, reduce the residues of heavy metal, pesticide and chemical additive in the animals, improve the meat quality and flavor and the like under the condition of not using any antibiotic medicine additive when being applied to the animal feed, and can produce safe, green, delicious and sweet animal meat products.

(2) The fermented material can effectively improve the palatability of the feed and improve the utilization rate of the feed through the fermentation and curing of beneficial strains, can produce a large amount of mycoprotein, amino acid, polypeptide, small peptide and other substances for enhancing the immunity, is rich in nutrition, is easy to be absorbed by animals, can accelerate the growth speed of the animals, can also utilize beneficial microorganisms to maintain the micro-ecological environment in the animals, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and improve the physique and disease resistance of the animals.

(3) The Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed is suitable for feeding livestock and poultry at different growth periods, and can play roles in promoting animal feeding, accelerating animal growth, improving disease resistance and toxin expelling capability of animal bodies, improving meat quality and the like. Different and reasonable feed formulas are prepared according to different growth periods of the livestock and poultry, so that the growth requirements of the animals in each period can be met, the waste of the feed can be avoided, and the aim of reducing the breeding cost is fulfilled.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Preparation of fermentation inoculum

Respectively inoculating fermentation strains of lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus faecalis), Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae into the enlarged culture solution, and carrying out enlarged culture at 30-38 ℃ under aerobic conditions until the number of effective bacteria is more than 1 hundred million/g.

The expanding culture solution comprises the following components:

lactic acid bacteria: 10g/L yeast powder, 15g/L peptone, 6g/L glucose, 0.2g/L magnesium sulfate, 0.05g/L manganese sulfate and 0.2g/L potassium hydrogen phosphate, adjusting the pH to 6.2-6.4, and performing steam sterilization at 121 ℃ for 20 minutes to obtain the yeast extract.

B, bacillus subtilis: 20g/L glucose, 36g/L peptone, 1.6g/L magnesium sulfate, 2.8g/L potassium hydrogen phosphate and 2.8g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, adjusting the pH to 7.2-7.4, and performing steam sterilization at 121 ℃ for 20 minutes to obtain the glucose-containing oral liquid.

Aspergillus niger: 30g/L of sucrose, 20g/L of agar, 3g/L of sodium nitrate, 1g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 0.5g/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.5g/L of potassium chloride and 0.01g/L of ferrous sulfate, adjusting the pH value to 5.0-6.0, and performing steam sterilization at 121 ℃ for 20 minutes to obtain the sodium sulfate.

Yeast: 10g/L of sucrose, 10g/L of peptone, 5g/L of magnesium sulfate and 3g/L of monopotassium phosphate, wherein the pH is natural, and steam sterilization is carried out at 121 ℃ for 20 minutes to obtain the compound.

Secondly, preparation of fermentation material

Weighing the raw material components of the fermentation material according to the table 1, adding water, uniformly mixing until the water content of the mixed material reaches 30-40%, then placing the mixed material in a disinfection tank, and carrying out high-pressure sterilization at 121 ℃ for 20 min; and (3) cooling the mixed material in the disinfection tank to 30 ℃, then transferring the cooled mixed material into a fermentation tank, adding the components of the fermentation bacteria agent listed in the table 1, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 10-15 days, dehydrating, drying and crushing the total fermentation product after the fermentation is finished, and sieving by a sieve of 60-100 meshes to obtain the microbial agent.

TABLE 1 fermentation Material composition Table

Preparation of Chinese herbal medicine feed additive

(1) The following Chinese herbal medicines are prepared: plantain herb, common andrographis herb, astragalus, villous amomum fruit, medicated leaven, pilose asiabell root, epimedium herb, Indian buead, manyflower solomonseal rhizome, officinal magnolia bark, Chinese magnoliavine fruit, slenderstyle acanthopanax bark, cyrtomium rhizome, rhubarb, heartleaf houttuynia herb, ginger, mulberry, mint, common lophatherum herb, cape jasmine fruit, baical skullcap root, reed rhizome, great burdock achene, hawthorn fruit, liquoric root and pine needle powder are cleaned and dried;

(2) weighing the Chinese herbal medicines according to the components listed in the table 2;

TABLE 2 ingredient table of Chinese herbal medicine feed additive

All the Chinese herbal medicines can be obtained by artificial planting or wild picking, and commercial modes such as vendor purchase, pharmacy purchase and the like.

(3) The weighed Chinese herbal medicines are respectively prepared according to the following methods:

1, Chinese herbal medicine feed additive: decocting the weighed Chinese herbal medicines in water, adding 10 times of water by weight for the first time, heating and boiling for 3 hours, filtering, adding 8 times of water by weight for the second time, heating and boiling for 2 hours, and filtering; mixing the extractive solutions, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain soft extract, mixing, and drying under reduced pressure; and finally crushing and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the feed.

② Chinese herbal medicine feed additive 2: pulverizing the weighed Chinese herbal medicines, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition.

③ Chinese herbal medicine feed additive 3: extracting the weighed Chinese herbal medicines with ethanol, adding 4 times of 70% ethanol by weight for the first time, heating and refluxing for 4 hours, filtering, adding 3 times of 70% ethanol by weight for the second time, heating and refluxing for 2 hours, and filtering; then mixing the extractive solutions, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain soft extract, mixing, and drying under reduced pressure; and finally crushing and sieving by a 80-mesh sieve to obtain the feed.

Preparation of mixed dry material

Weighing the raw material components of the mixed dry material according to the components listed in the table 3, and uniformly mixing to obtain the material.

TABLE 3 table of dry blend components

Preparation of five-herb mixed fermented feed

Mixing the dry mixed material and the fermented material according to the weight ratio of 1: 1-3, and mixing uniformly to obtain the product. The method comprises the following specific steps:

mixing a dry material 1 and a fermented material 1 according to a weight ratio of 1: 2, mixing uniformly to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed 1.

Secondly, mixing the dry mixed material 2 and the fermented material 2 according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, mixing uniformly to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed 2.

Thirdly, mixing the dry mixed material 3 and the fermented material 3 according to the weight ratio of 1:1, mixing uniformly to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed 3.

Sixthly, animal test

1. Design of experiments

The experiment researches the influence of feeding the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed prepared by the invention on the production performance and meat quality of meat geese. Selecting 180 feathers of 7-day-old Magang geese with the same source, similar weight and good health condition, randomly dividing the 180 feathers into a control group and a test group, wherein each group has 3 repetitions, and each repetition has 30 feathers.

The test period is totally 63 days (7-70 days old), the control group is fed with a basic ration of the Magang geese, the basic ration is a self-prepared corn-soybean meal type ration, the nutrition level meets the national requirements, and no antibiotic medicine is added in the formula; the test components are fed with the prepared Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed in three periods, the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed 1 is fed in the first period (7-14 days old), the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed 2 is fed in the second period (15-55 days old), and the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed 3 is fed in the third period (56-70 days old).

2. Index measurement and method

In the test period, the production performance of the test goose is measured by adopting the following indexes and methods:

average daily food intake (g/feather): accurately recording the feeding amount of each time by taking the repeated groups as a unit, measuring the weight of the residual feed by adopting a bag cleaning and groove cleaning method after the last feeding on the afternoon of the day after each week, determining the feed consumption of each repeated group for one week, and calculating the average daily feed intake of the control group and the test group.

Average daily gain (g/feather): the average daily gain of the control group and the test group was calculated on an empty stomach basis in the unit of the replicate group on the morning of the start of the test and on the next morning of the end of the test, and the average daily gain was (final weight-initial weight)/test day.

The ratio of the materials to the meat is as follows: and calculating the feed conversion ratio of the control group and the test group according to the feed intake and the daily gain.

Mortality and elusion (%): and (3) accurately recording the number of dead-panned geese by taking the repeated group as a unit in the test period, and calculating the dead-panned rate of the control group and the test group.

After the test is finished, selecting 2-feather test geese with similar weight and good growth and development conditions for each group of repetition, fasting for 24 hours, measuring the slaughtering performance of the geese according to a poultry production performance and calculation method after weighing, carrying out slaughtering segmentation and separation of each part organ, weighing, recording live weight, carcass weight, total bore weight, abdominal fat weight and leg muscle weight, and then calculating the following indexes through the data:

slaughter (%) < carcass weight/live weight × 100%

The total open-bore ratio (%) -. total open-bore weight/carcass weight. times.100%

Breast muscle rate (%) -, breast muscle weight/total bore weight × 100%

The percentage of leg muscle (%) -, leg muscle weight/total bore weight × 100%

Percent abdominal fat (%) (abdominal fat weight + extra-muscular stomach fat weight)/total dry weight × 100%

After slaughter, the breast muscle is taken and the conventional quality indices (pH, water loss rate, tenderness, muscle fiber density, muscle fiber diameter, etc.) of the breast muscle are measured. The measurement method is as follows:

pH value: a small opening was made at the sampling site, and the electrode of a digital acidimeter (pHS-25 type) was directly inserted into the pectoralis muscle to measure the pH at 45 minutes after slaughter (pH)_45min) And pH at 24 hours (pH)_24h)。

Water content (%): weighing fresh pectoral muscle (w)₁) Placing 16 layers of filter paper on the upper and lower pads of the meat sample, placing a piece of rigid plastic plate on the outer layer of the filter paper, placing on a copper ring expansion instrument platform, pressurizing for 68.66kpa for 5min, removing pressure, and weighing (w)₂) The water content is [ (-) ] 1- (w)₁-w₂)/w₁X water content of sample]×100％。

Tenderness (kg): a fresh breast muscle is taken and the shearing value of the breast muscle is measured by a C-LM2 type muscle tenderness meter.

Muscle fiber diameter, muscle fiber density: taking a 0.2 multiplied by 0.5 multiplied by 3cm sample along the pectoral muscle fiber, placing the sample in 20 percent nitric acid for fixing for 24 hours, taking out the sample for flaking, then taking the diameter of 100 muscle fibers by a micrometer under a microscope of 10 multiplied by 40 times, and multiplying the diameter by a corresponding coefficient to obtain the diameter of the muscle fiber of the sample; and meanwhile, counting the number of muscle fibers and calculating the density of the muscle fibers.

Meanwhile, 6 chefs are engaged in flavor taste tests, and tasters comprehensively evaluate the flavor according to meat aroma, meat flavor, taste and the like and independently score the flavor (the full score is 5). When slaughtering, cleaning fresh pectoral muscle, placing into a small bowl, placing into a food steamer, boiling water, steaming for 10min, taking out, tasting, and rinsing with cold plain boiled water before tasting.

And finally, measuring the chemical drugs, heavy metal residues and the like in the breast muscle according to food inspection standard GB/T5009-2003.

3. Results and analysis

3.1 analysis of production Properties

TABLE 4 production Performance comparison Table

From table 4, it can be seen that the average daily gain of the test group is increased by 8.97%, the feed-meat ratio is reduced by 5.81%, and no dead goose is found in the whole feeding process, and the difference is obvious, which indicates that the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed can effectively promote the feeding of the marmot geese, has the effects of increasing the daily gain and reducing the feed-meat ratio, can effectively enhance the animal immunity, and can reduce the morbidity and mortality of the marmot geese without using any antibiotic medicine additive.

3.2 slaughter Performance analysis

TABLE 5 slaughter Performance comparison Table

As can be seen from Table 5, the dressing percentage, the complete smoothie rate, the pectoral muscle rate and the leg muscle rate of the Magang geese fed by the Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed can be obviously improved by 3.50%, 6.52%, 10.36% and 9.70% respectively, meanwhile, the abdominal fat rate of the Magang geese can be obviously reduced, the abdominal fat reduction rate reaches 18.68%, and the difference is obvious. The Chinese herbal medicine mixed fermented feed has a remarkable promoting effect on the growth and development of the Magang geese, improves the breast muscle rate and the leg muscle rate, can obviously reduce the body fat content of the Magang geese, has an important regulating effect on the fat deposition of the Magang geese, and can effectively improve the slaughtering performance of the Magang geese.

3.3 meat quality analysis

Table 6 meat quality comparison table

The conventional quality of the muscle mainly comprises tenderness, pH value, water retention capacity, muscle fiber diameter, muscle fiber density and the like. The tenderness reflects the softness and the satisfactory degree of mouthfeel of muscle, the pH value reflects the degradation of meat quality caused by the glycolysis speed of the body muscle after slaughtering and the accumulation of lactic acid so as to influence the storage property of the meat, the water-dependent capacity directly influences the eating quality such as the flavor, the texture, the nutrient content, the juiciness and the like of the muscle, the diameter and the density of muscle fiber are important indexes of fresh and tender meat, and the larger the numerical value is, the coarser the meat is. As can be seen from Table 6, compared with the control group, the test group showed a higher water retention rate of 5.38%, a lower tenderness of 18.83%, a lower diameter and density of muscle fiber of 8.72% and a lower pH value of 9.12%, respectively, and a significant difference, indicating that feeding the fermented mixed herbal feed of the present invention to the Magang geese resulted in a significant improvement in the appearance, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, etc. of the meat quality.

3.4 meat flavor taste test

TABLE 7 evaluation Table for meat flavor tasting

As can be seen from Table 7, the flavor taste scores of the test groups are higher than those of the control groups, which indicates that the contents of various flavor substances in the slaughtered goose meat of the test groups are increased, and the flavor, the delicate flavor, the mouthfeel and the like are improved, and further indicates that the flavor of the goose meat can be effectively improved after the mixed fermented feed of Chinese herbal medicines is fed to the Magang geese.

3.5 analysis of meat quality drug and heavy metal residue

TABLE 8 comparison table of meat-quality drug and heavy metal residues

As can be seen from Table 8, the test groups (except heavy metals of lead and chromium) failed to detect the content of other heavy metals, antibiotics, chemical drugs and other adverse components in the goose meat, which indicates that the hormone, pesticide toxin, heavy metals and the like harmful to human body remained in the goose body can be effectively removed by feeding the fermented mixed Chinese herbal medicine feed to the Magang goose, and safe and green meat is produced.

The Chinese herbal medicine feed additive can be applied to any animal feed, and has the effects and efficacies of enhancing the immunity of animal bodies, strengthening spleen, stimulating appetite, helping digestion, promoting urination, expelling toxin, improving meat quality and the like. The additive can be added into feed to promote animal feeding, accelerate animal growth, improve animal organism disease resistance and toxin expelling capability, and improve meat quality and flavor. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these are within the scope of the invention. The protection scope of the present invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A breeding method for producing high-quality goose meat is characterized in that in the whole growth process of goose meat, livestock and poultry feed containing Chinese herbal medicine feed additive is adopted for feeding; the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive comprises the following Chinese herbal medicine components in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of plantain herb, 3-10 parts of common andrographis herb, 3-8 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 0-8 parts of fructus amomi, 0-8 parts of medicated leaven, 2-6 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 3-8 parts of epimedium herb, 3-8 parts of radix glehniae, 2-6 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 5-10 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 0-8 parts of schisandra chinensis, 3-8 parts of cortex acanthopanacis, 0-5 parts of cyrtomium rhizome, 3-8 parts of rheum officinale, 3-10 parts of houttuynia cordata, 0-8 parts of ginger, 3-8 parts of mulberry, 3-8 parts of mint, 3-10 parts of lophatherum gracile, 3-8 parts of gardenia, 3-8 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 0-8 parts of reed rhizome, 0-8 parts of burdock, 3-10 parts of hawthorn, 3-10 parts of liquorice.

2. The feeding method for producing high-quality goose meat according to claim 1, wherein the feed for livestock and poultry comprises a dry mixed material containing the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive and a fermented material after fermentation and aging; wherein,

the mixed dry material comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of corn flour, 80-100 parts of soybean meal or/and rapeseed meal or/and cottonseed meal, 15-30 parts of wheat bran, 15-30 parts of rice bran, 0-10 parts of zeolite powder, 3-7 parts of calcium bicarbonate or calcium hydrophosphate, 1-3 parts of salt, 0.5-1 part of mineral elements, 0.5-1 part of amino acid, 1-2 parts of vitamins and 5-15 parts of a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive;

the fermentation material comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 450-550 parts of cassava residue or/and bean residue, 30-70 parts of corn flour, 30-70 parts of bean pulp or/and rapeseed meal or/and cottonseed meal and 5-15 parts of non-protein nitrogen source, 10-30 parts of fermentation inoculum is added, and the mixture is prepared by mixing and fermenting.

3. The raising method for producing high-quality goose meat according to claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the dry mixed material to the fermented material is 1: 1-3.

4. The raising method for producing quality goose meat according to claim 3, wherein said mineral elements include any one or more of compounds containing middle trace elements such as calcium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium and iodine.

5. The raising method for producing high-quality goose meat according to claim 3, wherein said amino acid comprises any one or more of lysine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine, arginine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine and valine.

6. The raising method for producing high-quality goose meat according to claim 3, wherein said vitamins include any one or more of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin E.

7. The raising method for producing high-quality goose meat according to claim 3, wherein the non-protein nitrogen source comprises any one or a combination of more than one of urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, urea phosphate, sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate.

8. The raising method for producing quality goose meat according to claim 3, wherein said fermentation inoculum is prepared by expanding culture of fermentation strains including: lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger and saccharomycetes.

9. A feeding method for producing high-quality goose meat according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the goose meat is a Magang goose.