CN104523784A - 一种提取当归提取物的方法 - Google Patents
一种提取当归提取物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104523784A CN104523784A CN201410824164.6A CN201410824164A CN104523784A CN 104523784 A CN104523784 A CN 104523784A CN 201410824164 A CN201410824164 A CN 201410824164A CN 104523784 A CN104523784 A CN 104523784A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/23—Apiaceae or Umbelliferae (Carrot family), e.g. dill, chervil, coriander or cumin
- A61K36/232—Angelica
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/15—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving mechanical treatment, e.g. chopping up, cutting or grinding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/17—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving drying, e.g. sun-drying or wilting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
- A61K2236/333—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using mixed solvents, e.g. 70% EtOH
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/50—Methods involving additional extraction steps
- A61K2236/55—Liquid-liquid separation; Phase separation
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- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
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- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- Mycology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明提供一种当归提取物的提取方法,属于中药活性成分的提取方法。本发明的当归提取物的提取方法包括以下步骤:当归清洗并干燥使得当归表面水分≤0.5%,然后粉碎成粒径为50~100um的粉末,粉末投入至乙醇溶液中采用微波辅助提取、乙醇浸提1~3次后,趁热过滤,滤液减压回收得到黄棕色油状物,在室温下放置5~12h,取上层油状物,经大孔树脂吸附和解析得到纯度高的当归提取物,最后干燥得浅黄色粉末状当归提取物。上述当归提取物中有效成分藁本内酯≥7%。本发明的当归提取物的提取方法采用乙醇浸提、微波辅助提取和大孔树脂吸附解析,最后得到的提取物纯度高,提取时间短,提取过程安全、无毒。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提取当归提取物的方法,属于有机物提纯方法。
背景技术
当归为当归Angelica Sinensis(Oliv.)Diels的干燥根,多年生草本,全株有特异香气。主根粗短,肥大肉质,下面分为多数粗长支根。茎直立,带紫色。多年生草本,高0.4~1米。茎直立,带紫色,有显明的纵纹直槽,光滑无毛。干燥根全长约10~25厘米,身长3~10厘米,外表灰棕色或棕褐色,全体具纵皱纹,归身略呈圆柱形,身而凹凸不平,其下生有3~5条或更多的归尾。归尾上粗下细,多扭曲,表而有小疙瘩状的须根痕迹。气清香浓厚,味甘微苦辛。一般须培育3年才可采收,秋末挖取根部。
现在习惯采用更高质量的超临界流体萃取,一种利用超临界流体为流动相来分离物质的技术。CO2是超临界流体技术中最常用的溶剂。超临界CO2流体兼具气、液两相的双重特点,既具有与气体相当的高扩散系数和低粘度,又具有与液体相近的密度和对物质。超临界二氧化碳萃取分离过程的原理是利用超临界二氧化碳对某些特殊天然产物具有特殊溶解作用,利用超临界二氧化碳的溶解能力与其密度的关系,即利用压力和温度对超临界二氧化碳溶解能力的影响而进行的。在超临界状态下,将超临界二氧化碳与待分离的物质接触,使其有选择性地把极性大小、沸点高低和分子量大小的成分依次萃取出来。当然,对应各压力范围所得到的萃取物不可能是单一的,但可以控制条件得到最佳比例的混合成分,然后借助减压、升温的方法使超临界流体变成普通气体,被萃取物质则完全或基本析出,从而达到分离提纯的目的,所以超临界流体二氧化碳萃取过程是由萃取和分离组合而成的。
当归的化学成分主要包括藁本内酯类及其异构物、香豆素类、多糖类、黄酮类及有机酸类等。当归含挥发油类成分和有机酸,主要为丁二酸、菸酸、尿嘧啶、腺嘌呤、藁本内酯、维生素B12、维生素E、谷固醇、 亚叶酸、丁烯基酞内酯、阿魏酸/胆碱、5-羟基呋喃醛、微量元素(如锌、铜、铁、锰、钾、钠、钙等)、磷脂以及维生素A等成分。当归的活性成分为 具有镇静、消炎、抗维生素E缺乏症作作用等。当归提取物的化学成分主要包括藁本内酯类及其异构物、香豆素类、多糖类、黄酮类及有机酸类等。当归的活性成分具有镇静、消炎、抗维生素E缺乏症作作用。当归提取物的有效成分为藁本内酯和正丁基。
发明内容
为了解决提取成本高、提取物质的纯度低等缺点。本发明对当归采取微波辅助提取和大孔树脂吸附和解析以得到纯度高的当归提取物。
本发明的技术方案是:提供一种提取方法,该当归提取物中藁本内酯≥7%,优选的藁本内酯≥9%。
本发明的当归提取物方法步骤为:采用种植三年以上夏季、深秋或初冬的当归,除去须根及泥沙,采用阴干、烘干或低温干燥等方式使得当归表面水分≤0.5%;采用机械或手动物理方法粉碎成粒径为50~100um的粉末,然后将粉末充分搅拌至乙醇溶液中,在50~150℃下采用微波辅助提取,微波功率为250~400w,微波提取时间为20~60min;取滤液再用20%~50%(v/v)乙醇在50~70℃提取1~3次,每次提取时间为20min~50min;趁热过滤,滤液通过减压回收至无醇味(温度为20~30℃),得到黄棕色油状物,在室温下放置5~12h,底部析出淡黄色固形物,取上层油状物,经大孔树脂吸附和解析得到纯度高的当归提取物,最后干燥得浅黄色粉末状当归提取物。当归提取物中有效成分藁本内酯≥7%。
具体的,上述大孔树脂的类型为D101、AB-8、A20、HPD-400、HPD-400A、或HPD-450。优选的,大孔树脂的类型为D101、HPD-400A或HPD-450。
具体地,上述采用大孔树脂吸附和解析时,洗脱液为20~40%(v/v)的乙醇。
本发明的乙醇浸提方法结合微波辅助提取,使得当归粉末中有机物能进一步被提取出。最后采用大孔树脂进行吸附或解析使得当归提取物的纯度提高。本发明采用上述联合提取的形式,提取得到的物质纯度高、提取时间短,同时在整个提取过程中 低纯度的乙醇作为溶剂、提取剂或洗脱剂,无毒、无污染;具有明显的经济效益和环境效益。
具体实施方式
采用种植三年后夏天、秋末或初冬采挖当归,除去须根和泥沙,然后清洗干净后采用烘干、低温干燥或阴干等方式使得当归根部水分含量≤1%。
将上述的当归根部再进一步干燥使得其水分≤0.5%、采用机械或手动物理方法粉碎成粒径为50~100um的粉末;然后将粉末充分搅拌至乙醇溶液中,在50~150℃下采用微波辅助提取,微波功率为250~400w,微波提取时间为20~60min;取滤液再用20%~50%(v/v)乙醇在50~70℃提取1~3次,每次提取时间为20min~50min;趁热过滤,滤液通过减压回收至无醇味(温度为20~30℃),得到黄棕色油状物,在室温下放置5~12h,底部析出淡黄色固形物,取上层油状物,经大孔树脂吸附和解析得到纯度高的当归提取物,最后干燥得浅黄色粉末状当归提取物。当归提取物中有效成分藁本内酯≥7%。
实施例1
采用种植三年后夏天的当归,除去须根和泥沙,然后清洗干净后采用温度为30~50℃低温烘干使得当归根部水分含量0.2%。然后将上述当归根部在粉碎机中粉碎成粒径为50~100um的粉末,粉末重量为240g。将上述粉末充分搅拌至1700ml、浓度为40%(v/v)乙醇溶液中,在70℃下采用微波辅助提取,微波功率为250w,微波提取时间为45min;然后所得的滤液用20%(v/v)乙醇在70℃提取提取40min后,趁热过滤,滤液通过减压回收至无醇味,得到黄棕色油状物,在室温下放置7h,底部析出淡黄色固形物,取上层油状物,经D101大孔树脂吸附和解析、洗脱和干燥得到纯度高的当归提取物。当归提取物中有效成分藁本内酯为8.9%。
实施例2
采用种植三年后初冬的当归,除去须根和泥沙,然后清洗干净后采用通风阴干的方式使得当归根部水分含量0.9%。然后将上述当归根部在粉碎机中粉碎成粒径为50~100um的粉末,粉末重量为270g。将上述粉末充分搅拌至1900ml、浓度为50%(v/v)乙醇溶液中,在110℃下采用微波辅助提取,微波功率为300w,微波提取时间为25min;然后所得的滤液用50%(v/v)乙醇在60℃提取20min、然后再用40%(v/v)乙醇在70℃提取30min后,趁热过滤,滤液通过减压回收至无醇味,得到黄棕色油状物,在室温下放置12h,底部析出淡黄色固形物,取上层油状物,经AB-8大孔树脂吸附和解析、洗脱和干燥得到纯度高的当归提取物。当归提取物中有效成分藁本内酯为9.7%。
实施例3
采用种植三年后深秋的当归,除去须根和泥沙,然后清洗干净后采用低温烘干的方式使得当归根部水分含量0.4%。然后将上述当归根部在粉碎机中粉碎成粒径为50~100um的粉末,粉末重量为300g。将上述粉末充分搅拌至2000ml、浓度为40%(v/v)乙醇溶液中,在130℃下采用微波辅助提取,微波功率为400w,微波提取时间为15min;然后所得的滤液用50%(v/v)乙醇在50℃提取30min、然后再用20%(v/v)乙醇在50℃提取50min后,趁热过滤,滤液通过减压回收至无醇味,得到黄棕色油状物,在室温下放置10h,底部析出淡黄色固形物,取上层油状物,经A20大孔树脂吸附和解析、洗脱和干燥得到纯度高的当归提取物。当归提取物中有效成分藁本内酯为10.4%。
上述实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对本发明的构思和保护范围进行限定,本领域的普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。
Claims (7)
1.一种提取当归提取物的方法,其具体包括以下步骤:当归清洗干净后,采用阴干、烘干或低温干燥等方式使得当归表面水分≤0.5%;采用机械或手动物理方法粉碎成粒径为50~100um的粉末,然后将粉末充分搅拌至乙醇溶液中,在50~150℃下采用微波辅助提取,微波功率为250~400w,微波提取时间为20~60min;取滤液再用20%~50%(v/v)乙醇在50~70℃提取1~3次,每次提取时间为20min~50min;趁热过滤,滤液通过减压回收至无醇味,得到黄棕色油状物,在室温下放置5~12h,底部析出淡黄色固形物,取上层油状物,经大孔树脂吸附和解析得到纯度高的当归提取物,最后干燥得浅黄色粉末状当归提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提取当归提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述当归为植三年以上夏季、深秋或初冬的当归根部。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种提取当归提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述大孔树脂的类型为D101、AB-8、A20、HPD-400、HPD-400A或HPD-450。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种提取当归提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述大孔树脂的类型为D101、HPD-400A或HPD-450。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种提取当归提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述大孔树脂吸附和解析时,洗脱液为20~40%(v/v)的乙醇。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种提取当归提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述当归提取物中藁本内酯≥7%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种提取当归提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述当归提取物中藁本内酯≥9%。
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CN104546963A (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-29 | 高俊丽 | 一种提取当归提取物的方法 |
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CN104546963A (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-29 | 高俊丽 | 一种提取当归提取物的方法 |
CN109867598A (zh) * | 2017-12-01 | 2019-06-11 | 北京国康本草物种生物科学技术研究院有限公司 | 当归有效成分提取方法及其提取物 |
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