CN104523661A - 含有单萜的治疗组合物 - Google Patents
含有单萜的治疗组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供用于运送治疗剂的组合物。所述组合物包含治疗剂和单萜或其类似物。一方面,所述单萜为紫苏子醇(POH)或其类似物。另一方面,所述治疗剂的量为有效治疗所选择的疾病或受治者的量。
Description
本申请是申请号为201080014193.6、申请日为2010年2月4日、2011年9月28日进入中国国家阶段、发明名称为“含有单萜的治疗组合物”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2009年2月6日提交的、美国临时申请第61/150,714号的根据35U.S.C.§119(e)的权益,上述美国临时申请的全部内容通过引用全部并入本文。
背景技术
尽管研制药物使其优先靶向肿瘤细胞而不伤害正常组织,但由于药物难以穿过血脑屏障(BBB),将这些药物递送至脑瘤仍然是主要挑战。星状细胞瘤是最常见的一类原发性脑瘤。III级星状细胞瘤或间变性星状细胞瘤(AA)以及IV级星状细胞瘤,或多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)具有较差的预后,这是由于它们的侵略性生长和对可用治疗的耐受性。现有治疗依赖于早期发现,并且AA和GBM的标准治疗仍然由手术切除、放疗和化疗组成。尽管化疗可使低级别胶质瘤患者的生存时间增加5年至10年,但这种增加在GBM病例中仅为几个月。GBM为最致命和最难治疗的人体肿瘤之一,并且,耐药性是成功治疗GBM的主要障碍之一。到目前为止,没有治疗方法实质上改变GBM患者的结果,因此,GBM被认为是无法治愈的。Hashizume et al.(2008)Neuro-Oncology 10:112-120。
很明显,亟需将有效的药物递送至脑瘤和其它癌症的新治疗策略,所述脑瘤和其他癌症需要递送治疗剂穿过BBB。本发明满足这种需求并同时提供相关的优点。
发明内容
本发明提供用于运送治疗剂的组合物。所述组合物包含治疗剂和单萜或其类似物,可选地,所述组合物基本上由治疗剂和单萜或其类似物组成,或所述组合物还进一步由治疗剂和单萜或其类似物组成。一方面,所述单萜为紫苏子醇(POH)或其类似物。一方面,所述组合物进一步包含有效量的共溶剂,可选地,所述组合物基本上由有效量的共溶剂组成,或所述组合物还进一步由有效量的共溶剂组成。一方面,所述治疗剂的量为有效治疗所选择的疾病或受治者的量。又一方面,所述组合物进一步包含药学上可接受的载体,可选地,所述组合物基本上由药学上可接受的载体组成,或所述组合物还进一步由药学上可接受的载体组成。
在一种具体实施方式中,所述组合物包含下列成分,可选地,所述组合物基本上由下列成分组成,或所述组合物还进一步由下列成分组成,所述成分为:治疗剂;至少约0.03%(v/v)的诸如紫苏子醇或其类似物之类的单萜;至少总共约2.6%的共溶剂;以及至少约1.3%的乙醇或其等同物(v/v;96%乙醇),其中,所述共溶剂可为1.3%(v/v)的诸如丙三醇或其等同物之类的多元醇。另一方面,所述组合物进一步包含渗透促进剂或药学上可接受的载体,可选地,所述组合物基本上由渗透促进剂或药学上可接受的载体组成,或所述组合物还进一步由渗透促进剂或药学上可接受的载体组成。
本发明的组合物可配制成喷剂或滴剂的形式用于鼻内给药;通过透皮贴剂或离子导入术经皮给药;使用喷雾器或类似装置眼部给药或吸入给药。
一方面,所述治疗剂为抗癌药物。仅仅用于举例说明的目的,所述组合物中的抗癌药物为DNA烷化剂(替莫唑胺,BCNU)、拓扑异构酶抑制剂(即,伊立替康)、内质网应激诱导剂(即,塞来考昔、二甲基-塞来考昔)或硼放射致敏剂(即,万珂)中的一种或一种以上。
本发明还提供通过使有效量的本文所述的组合物与所述细胞接触来抑制诸如癌症细胞之类的细胞生长的方法。所述接触可在体外或体内进行。本发明还提供通过将本文所述的组合物在抑制细胞生长的条件下给药于受治者在有此需要的受治者体内抑制细胞(例如癌症细胞)生长的方法。
一方面,所述细胞为原发性中枢神经系统(CNS)肿瘤细胞(胶质瘤、脑膜瘤(menengiomas)、垂体腺瘤)、全身性癌症的CNS转移癌症细胞、肺癌细胞、前列腺癌细胞、乳腺癌细胞、造血癌症细胞或卵巢癌细胞中的一种或一种以上。
本发明还提供在需要治疗的受治者体内治疗疾病的方法,所述方法包括将有效量的本文所述的组合物给药于受治者,可选地,所述方法基本由将有效量的本文所述的组合物给药于受治者组成,或所述方法还进一步由将有效量的本文所述的组合物给药于受治者组成,从而治疗所述疾病。一方面,待治疗的疾病为神经障碍或影响中枢神经系统(CNS)的疾病。这种疾病包括,但不限于:原发性中枢神经系统(CNS)肿瘤(胶质瘤、脑膜瘤、垂体腺瘤)或全身性癌症的CNS转移。其它疾病,包括,但不限于:癌症,例如肺癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、造血癌症或卵巢癌中的一种或一种以上。
本发明还提供用于经皮给药的上述组合物。因此,所述组合物可进一步包含渗透(permeation或penetration)促进剂、增塑剂或使组合物适于经皮给药的其它类似物,可选地,所述组合物基本上由渗透促进剂、增塑剂或使组合物适于经皮给药的其它类似物组成,或所述组合物还进一步由渗透促进剂、增塑剂或使组合物适于经皮给药的其它类似物组成。一方面,本发明为经皮给药贮存器(transdermal reservoir),所述贮存器中含有有效量的本发明的组合物用于所述组合物的经皮给药。另一方面,本发明提供含有经皮给药贮存器的经皮给药装置。所述经皮给药贮存器和/或经皮给药装置可用于将有效量的本发明的组合物给药于需要治疗的受治者。这些装置适于给药诸如镇痛剂和麻醉剂之类的止痛药。下面提供这些治疗剂的例子。
本发明还提供用于鼻内给药的上述组合物。因此,所述组合物可进一步包含渗透促进剂或使所述组合物适于鼻内给药的其它类似物,可选地,所述组合物基本上由渗透促进剂或使所述组合物适于鼻内给药的其它类似物组成,或所述组合物还进一步由渗透促进剂或使所述组合物适于鼻内给药的其它类似物组成。一方面,本发明为鼻内剂型,所述剂型中含有有效量的本发明的组合物。这些剂型适于递送癌症药物或治疗神经障碍或癌症的药物。下面提供这些药物的例子。
本发明还提供用于吸入给药的上述组合物。因此,所述组合物可进一步包含渗透促进剂或使所述组合物适于吸入给药的其它类似物,可选地,所述组合物基本上由渗透促进剂或使所述组合物适于吸入给药的其它类似物组成,或所述组合物还进一步由渗透促进剂或使所述组合物适于吸入给药的其它类似物组成。一方面,本发明为用于吸入给药的剂型,所述剂型中含有有效量的本发明的组合物用于所述组合物的吸入给药。这些剂型适于给药癌症药物或治疗神经障碍的药物。下面提供这些药物的例子。
本发明还提供试剂盒,所述试剂盒包含配制成用于吸入给药的上述组合物和所述组合物的吸入给药装置,以及使用说明书。
本发明提供的组合物提高了治疗剂的活性,特别是那些活性位点穿过诸如角质层和血脑屏障之类的内皮细胞层的治疗剂的活性。
本发明的组合物对制造必须穿过内皮细胞层(例如皮肤的角质层、肺部组织、眼睛、鼻腔和血脑屏障)的药物来说是有用的。因此,一方面,本发明提供用于治疗影响中枢神经系统的疾病的方法,所述方法包括给药有效量的上述组合物,可选地,所述方法基本上由给药有效量的上述组合物组成,或所述方法还进一步由给药有效量的上述组合物组成,从而治疗所述疾病。仅以举例说明为目的,这些疾病包括,但不限于下列疾病中的一种或一种以上:头颈癌、多发性硬化症、阿尔茨海默氏病、脑膜炎、癫痫、视神经脊髓炎(Devic's disease)、后期神经性锥虫病(昏睡病)、进行性多灶性白质脑病(PML)、De vivo病(GLUT1缺乏综合症)、HIV脑炎、胶质母细胞瘤、肺癌、黑色素瘤、恶性胶质母细胞瘤、间变性星形细胞瘤或间变性少突神经胶质瘤。当待治疗的疾病为胶质母细胞瘤或恶性胶质母细胞瘤时,所述组合物中的治疗剂可包含替莫唑胺或二甲基-塞来考昔,可选地,所述组合物中的治疗剂可基本上由替莫唑胺或二甲基-塞来考昔组成,或所述组合物中的治疗还可进一步由替莫唑胺或二甲基-塞来考昔组成。
当经皮给药所述药物时,所述组合物可配制成用于局部给药的凝胶或洗液形式或所述组合物可包含在经皮给药贮存器(例如聚合物基体或液体贮存器)中。此外,这些剂型可包含渗透促进剂或增塑剂,可选地,这些剂型可基本上由渗透促进剂或增塑剂组成,或这些剂型还可进一步由渗透促进剂或增塑剂组成。
当吸入给药所述药物时,本发明进一步提供试剂盒,所述试剂盒包含任何上述组合物、所述组合物的吸入给药装置和使用说明书,可选地,所述试剂盒基本上由任何上述组合物、所述组合物的吸入给药装置和使用说明书组成,或所述试剂盒还进一步由任何上述组合物、所述组合物的吸入给药装置和使用说明书组成。
当吸入所述药物用于眼部递送时,本发明进一步提供试剂盒,所述试剂盒包含任何上述组合物和使用说明书,可选地,所述试剂盒基本上由任何上述组合物和使用说明书组成,或所述试剂盒还进一步由任何上述组合物和使用说明书组成。
本发明还提供确定治疗剂是否为潜在的候选药物(例如用于癌症治疗)的方法。所述方法包括使有效量的本文所述的组合物与第一细胞样品接触以及使第二细胞样品与一定量的治疗剂接触,从而确定第一细胞样品和第二细胞样品的生长是否得以抑制,其中,如果第二样品的生长基本上与第一样品相同或大于第一样品,则所述治疗剂为用于治疗的潜在药物。所述接触可在体外或体内进行。
附图说明
图1,从A组到D组,表示在神经胶质瘤细胞中含有POH和替莫唑胺(TMZ)的组合物比含有单独的POH或TMZ的组合物诱导更大的细胞毒性作用。
图2,从A组到D组,表示在神经胶质瘤细胞中含有POH和二甲基-塞来考昔的组合物比含有单独的POH或二甲基-塞来考昔的组合物诱导更大的细胞毒性作用。
具体实施方式
在本申请中,全文涉及本发明的组合物和方法的各种实施方式。所描述的各种实施方式意于提供多种示例性的例子,且不应被解释为可选的种类的描述。相反,应当注意到本文提供的各种实施方式的描述可为重叠的范围。本文讨论的实施方式仅仅是示例性的且无意限制本发明的范围。
同时在本申请公开的内容中,通过标明引用的方式引用了各种出版物、专利和公开的专利说明书。这些出版物、专利和公开的专利说明书的全部内容在此通过引用并入本文以更加充分地描述本发明所属领域的情况。
定义
除非上下文另有明确说明,说明书和权力要求书中使用的单数形式(“a”、“an”和“the”)包括复数。例如,术语“细胞”(a cell)包括多个细胞(包括其混合物)。
如本文使用的术语“包含”意指所述组合物和方法包含所记载的要素,但不排除其它要素。当使用“基本上由……组成”来界定组合物和方法时,术语“基本上由……组成”是指排除对结合具有任何实质意义的其它要素。因此,基本上由本文所限定的要素组成的组合物不排除来自分离和纯化方法的痕量污染物以及药学上可接受的载体,例如磷酸盐缓冲盐水、防腐剂,等等。“由……组成”是指不包括超过痕量的其他成分的要素。用这些过渡性术语中的每一个限定的实施方式在本发明的范围之内。
包括范围在内的所有数字标号(例如,pH,温度,时间,浓度和分子量)为合适的增量0.1或1.0的正(+)负(-)变化的近似值。需要理解的是,尽管不总是明确说明,但是,在数字标号之前加有“约”,术语“约”包含约15%的标准偏差,可选地,包含约10%的标准偏差,可选地,包含约5%的标准偏差。同样需要理解的是,尽管不总是明确说明,但是,本文描述的反应物仅仅是示例性的并且所述反应物的等同物为本领域所知晓的。
“有效量”为足以影响有益的或期望的效果的量。可在一种或一种以上给药、应用或剂量中给药有效量。这样的递送取决于一些变量,包括待使用的单一剂量单元的持续时间段、治疗剂的生物利用度、给药途径等等。然而,需要理解的是对于任何特定受治者而言,本发明的治疗剂的特定剂量水平取决于多种因素,包括所使用的特定化合物的活性、化合物的生物利用度、给药途径、动物的年龄及其体重、总体健康水平、性别、动物的饮食、给药时间、排泄速度、联合的药物、所治疗的特定疾病的严重性和给药形式。治疗剂量一般可被滴定以使安全性和疗效最佳。典型地,来自体外和/或体内原始试验的剂量-效果关系可在向患者给药合适的剂量方面提供有用的指导。在动物模型中的研究一般可用于与治疗疾病的有效剂量有关的指导。总体而言,人们将期望给药一定量的化合物,所述一定量有效实现与体外发现的有效浓度相当的血清水平。因此,如果发现化合物表现出体外活性(如下面讨论的表格中所记录的例子),人们可推算体内给药的有效剂量。这些考虑因素,以及有效的剂型和给药步骤为本领域技术人员所熟知的,且在标准教科书中有描述。与该定义一致的且在本文中所使用的术语“治疗有效量”为足以治疗特定失调或疾病的量,可选地,为足以获得治疗胶质母细胞瘤的药理学反应的量。
如本文所使用的,“治疗”(treating或treatment)患者体内的疾病是指(1)预防在易受感染的动物体内产生症状或疾病或者预防在还未表现出疾病症状的动物体内产生症状或疾病;(2)抑制疾病或阻止疾病的发展;或(3)改善疾病或疾病症状或者引起疾病或疾病症状的消退。如本领域所理解的那样,“治疗”是得到有益的或期望的效果(包括临床效果)的方法。就本发明的目的而言,有益的或期望的效果可包含一种或一种以上,但不限于,缓解或改善一种或一种以上症状、减轻病症(包括疾病)的严重程度、稳定(即,不恶化)病症(包括疾病)的状态、延迟或减慢病症(包括疾病)的发展、改善或缓解病症(包括疾病)的状态以及减缓(部分的或总的,可检测的或不可检测的)。优选的化合物是有效的且可以非常低的剂量局部给药的化合物,因此,使全身副作用最小化。
本文所使用的单萜意指由两个异戊二烯单元组成的萜类并且分子式为C10H16(例如紫苏子醇)以及明显的改性形式(例如氧化或重排)及其药学上可接受的盐。总体而言,单萜可为直链的(无环的)或含有环的。诸如氧化或重排之类的生化改性产生类单萜(monoterpenoid)。本发明中使用的单萜和类单萜的例子包括紫苏子醇(S(-)和R(+))、焦磷酸香叶酯、罗勒烯、月桂烯、香叶醇、柠檬醛、香茅醛、芳樟醇、柠檬烯、松油烯、水芹烯、萜品油烯、诸如对伞花烃之类的类单萜、诸如蒎烯、蒈烯、香桧烯、莰烯、崖柏烯之类的双环单萜、诸如莰酮、龙脑莰醇和桉油精之类的双环类单萜,其中所述诸如对伞花烃之类的类单萜来源于诸如薄荷醇、麝香草酚和香芹酚之类的单环萜。
一方面,本发明使用的单萜为紫苏子醇或其类似物。紫苏子醇为与具有抗肿瘤活性的柠檬烯有关的天然生成的单萜。紫苏子醇抑制法尼基转移酶和香叶基香叶基(geranylgeranyl)转移酶,因而防止翻译后蛋白法尼基化和异戊二烯化并防止诸如p21-ras之类的肿瘤蛋白活化,并且在细胞周期的G1时期捕获肿瘤细胞。紫苏子醇(一般缩写为POH)在本领域也被称作二氢对异丙基苄醇(dihydrocuminyl alcohol)、紫苏醇(perilla alcohol、perillic alcohol或perillol)、(S)-(-)-紫苏醇、1-环己烯-1-甲醇、4-(1-甲基乙烯基)-1-环己烯-1-甲醇、4-异丙烯基环己-1-烯-1-甲醇、对-薄荷-1,8-二烯-7-醇。参见描述POH药理学以及当前和过去的药物试验的国家癌症研究所的网页。
本发明中使用的POH的类似物包括,但不限于美国专利第3,957,856号中描述的紫苏醛(PALD)和POH羧酸酯。
就预期的目的而言,用来描述组合物的主要活性成分的术语“活性剂”或“治疗剂”意指生物活性化合物或化合物的混合物,其具有治疗性的、预防性的或其它有益的药理学和/生理学作用。可在所述组合物中使用的药物类型的例子包括,但不限于将其全身递送至受影响的组织被血脑屏障所阻碍的药物,例如治疗胶质瘤的药物。
如本文使用的术语“药学上可接受的载体”包含任何标准的药物载体,例如磷酸缓冲盐水溶液、水和乳液(例如油/水或水/油乳液),以及各种类型的润湿剂。所述组合物还可包含稳定剂和防腐剂。载体、稳定剂和佐剂的例子参见Martin(1975)Remington’s Pharm.Sci.,15th Ed.(Mack Publ.Co.,Easton)。
“受治者”、“个体”或“患者”在本文中可互换使用,并且是指脊椎动物,优选为哺乳动物,更优选为人类。哺乳动物包括,但不限于:鼠类、大鼠、兔、猿、牛、绵羊、猪、狗、猫、家畜、运动型动物(sport animals)、宠物、马和灵长类,特别是人类。除了在人类治疗方面有用,本发明也在伴侣型哺乳动物、珍禽异兽和驯化的动物(包括哺乳动物、啮齿类动物等等)的兽疾治疗方面有用。
术语“给药”包括但不限于:眼部给药、口服给药、肠胃外给药(例如,肌肉内、腹腔内、吸入、经皮静脉、ICV、脑池内注射或融合、皮下注射或移植),鼻部喷雾吸入给药、阴道给药、直肠给药、舌下给药、尿道(例如,尿道栓剂)给药或局部途径给药(例如,凝胶、软膏、霜剂、气溶胶、眼用制剂等),并且可被配制(单独或共同)成含有适于每种给药途径的常规无毒药学上可接受的载体、佐剂、赋形剂和媒介的合适的剂量单位剂型。本发明不受给药途径、剂型和剂量安排的限制。
“病理细胞”为属于或源自疾病的一种细胞。病理细胞可过度增殖。“过度增殖细胞”指细胞或组织以大于正常和健康状态中细胞或组织分化和生长的速度分化和生长。这样的例子包括,但不限于癌症细胞。过度增殖细胞还包括脱分化细胞、永生细胞、肿瘤细胞、恶性细胞、转移性细胞和诸如肉瘤细胞、白血病细胞、肝癌细胞或腺癌细胞之类的癌症细胞。特定癌症包括,但不限于:肺癌细胞、胶质母细胞瘤细胞和食管癌细胞。
“对照”为在比较为目的的试验中使用的可选的受治者或样品。对照可为“阳性”或“阴性”。例如,如果实验目的是确定本发明组合物治疗特定类型疾病或癌症的疗效的相关性,则一般优选地使用一个阳性对照(已知的抑制所期望的疗效的化合物或组合物)和一个阴性对照(未接受治疗或接受安慰剂的受治者或样品)。
可互换使用并且以单数或复数形式使用的术语“癌症”、“瘤(neoplasm)”和“肿瘤”是指经过恶性转化的细胞,所述恶性转化使所述细胞成为宿主生物体的病理细胞。原发性癌症细胞(即,从恶性转化位点附近得到的细胞)可通过已建立的技术,特别是组织学检查容易地从非癌症细胞中区分出来。本文所使用的癌症细胞的定义不仅包括原发性癌症细胞,还包括来源于癌症祖细胞的任何细胞。该癌症细胞的定义包括转移的癌症细胞和体外培养物以及来源于癌症细胞的细胞系。当涉及一般表现为实体肿瘤的癌症类型时,“临床上可检测的”肿瘤指基于肿瘤块的可检测的肿瘤;例如,通过如CAT扫描、磁共振成像、X-射线、超声或触诊的这些步骤可检测。单独的生物化学或免疫学结果可能不足以满足所述定义。
瘤是非正常团块或由组织的相对自主的新生长产生的细胞集落。大多数瘤来源于已经过致瘤性转化的单个细胞的克隆扩增。从正常细胞至肿瘤细胞的转换可由化学制剂、物理制剂或生物制剂(或事件)引起,所述制剂(或事件)直接或不可逆地改变细胞基因组。肿瘤细胞的特征是丢失某些特定的功能并获得新的生物学特征,最重要的是,相对自主(不受控制)生长特征。肿瘤细胞将其可遗传的生物学特征传递给子代细胞。
将瘤的过去、现在和将来预测的生物学行为或临床过程进一步分为良性的或恶性的,该区分在诊断、治疗和预后中极为重要。恶性肿瘤表现出更大程度的自主性,能够浸润并转移扩散,可抵抗治疗,并且可致死。良性肿瘤具有较小程度的自主性,一般不扩散,不转移,并且如果充分治疗一般不产生大的伤害。
癌症为恶性肿瘤的通称。退行性发育是癌症细胞的特征属性,表示正常结构和功能特征的缺失(未分化)。
肿瘤(tumor)字面上是任何类型的肿胀,例如炎性的或其它肿胀,但是现代用法一般表示为瘤(neoplasm)。后缀“-oma”指肿瘤且一般表示良性瘤,如纤维瘤(fibroma)、脂肪瘤(lipoma)等等,但有时暗指恶性肿瘤,如所谓的黑色素瘤、肝细胞瘤、精原细胞瘤,或甚至暗指非肿瘤性病变,例如血肿、肉芽肿或错构瘤。后缀“-blastoma”表示胚胎细胞瘤,例如肾上腺的神经母细胞瘤或眼睛的视网膜母细胞瘤。
组织发生是组织的来源,也是基于原始组织细胞区分瘤的方法。腺瘤是腺上皮的良性肿瘤。癌是上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤。肉瘤是间充质组织的恶性肿瘤。区分瘤形成的一个系统使用了生物学(临床)行为(不论良性或恶性)以及组织发生(通过组织学或细胞学检查确定的肿瘤原始细胞或组织)。肿瘤可起始于几乎任何含有能够有丝分裂的细胞的组织。肿瘤的组织发生学分类基于通过组织学和细胞学检查确定的起始组织(或细胞)。
“抑制”肿瘤生长表示与没有任何治疗的生长相比被缩减的生长状态。肿瘤细胞生长可通过本领域已知的任何方法来判断,所述方法包括,但不限于:测量肿瘤尺寸、使用3H-胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷掺入试验确定肿瘤细胞是否增殖或肿瘤细胞计数。“抑制”肿瘤细胞生长意指下列状态中的任何一种或全部:减缓、延迟,并且“抑制”肿瘤生长表示当肿瘤生长停止时被缩减的生长状态以及肿瘤缩小。
术语“培养”是指在各种类型培养基上或内细胞或有机体体外繁殖。需要理解的是,在培养基中生长的细胞的后代可不完全与母细胞相同(形态、基因或表型)。“扩增的(expanded)”指细胞的任何增殖或分裂。
实施方式的描述
本发明的组合物
本发明提供用于运送治疗剂的组合物。所述组合物包含治疗剂和单萜或单萜类似物,可选地,所述组合物基本上由治疗剂和单萜或单萜类似物组成,或所述组合物还进一步由治疗剂和单萜或单萜类似物组成。一方面,所述单萜为紫苏子醇(POH)或其类似物。一方面,所述治疗剂的量是有效治疗所选择的疾病或受治者的量。所述治疗剂的例子如下。又一方面,所述组合物进一步包含药学上可接受的载体、溶解促进剂(solubility enhancer)或多元醇,可选地,所述组合物基本由药学上可接受的载体、溶解促进剂或多元醇组成,或所述组合物还进一步由药学上可接受的载体、溶解促进剂或多元醇组成。
一方面,所述单萜或其类似物占组合物总量的约0.0001%(10-4)(v/v)至约50%,或者组合物总量的约0.001%(10-3)(v/v)至约40%,或者组合物总量的约0.001%(10-2)(v/v)至约30%,或者组合物总量的约0.01%(v/v)至约20%,或者组合物总量的约0.01%(v/v)至约10%,或者组合物总量的约0.01%(v/v)至约5%,或者组合物总量的约0.05%(v/v)至约3%,或者组合物总量的约0.04%(v/v)至约2%,或者约0.1%(v/v)至约0.4%(v/v),或者约0.015%(v/v),或者约0.02%(v/v),或者约0.03%(v/v),或者约0.04%(v/v);可选地,所述单萜或其类似物基本上占组合物总量的约0.0001%(10-4)(v/v)至约50%,或者组合物总量的约0.001%(10-3)(v/v)至约40%,或者组合物总量的约0.001%(10-2)(v/v)至约30%,或者组合物总量的约0.01%(v/v)至约20%,或者组合物总量的约0.01%(v/v)至约10%,或者组合物总量的约0.01%(v/v)至约5%,或者组合物总量的约0.05%(v/v)至约3%,或者组合物总量的约0.04%(v/v)至约2%,或者约0.1%(v/v)至约0.4%(v/v),或者约0.015%(v/v),或者约0.02%(v/v),或者约0.03%(v/v),或者约0.04%(v/v);或所述单萜或其类似物还进一步占组合物总量的约0.0001%(10-4)(v/v)至约50%,或者组合物总量的约0.001%(10-3)(v/v)至约40%,或者组合物总量的约0.001%(10-2)(v/v)至约30%,或者组合物总量的约0.01%(v/v)至约20%,或者组合物总量的约0.01%(v/v)至约10%,或者组合物总量的约0.01%(v/v)至约5%,或者组合物总量的约0.05%(v/v)至约3%,或者组合物总量的约0.04%(v/v)至约2%,或者约0.1%(v/v)至约0.4%(v/v),或者约0.015%(v/v),或者约0.02%(v/v),或者约0.03%(v/v),或者约0.04%(v/v)。
一方面,所述单萜为POH或其类似物,并且所述组合物包含POH或其类似物,可选地,所述组合物基本上由POH或其类似物构成,或所述组合物还进一步由POH或其类似物,其中,POH或其类似物的量为组合物总量的约0.0001%(10-4)(v/v)至约50%,或者组合物总量的约0.001%(10-3)(v/v)至约40%,或者组合物总量的约0.001%(10-2)(v/v)至约30%,或者组合物总量的约0.01%(v/v)至约20%,或者组合物总量的约0.01%(v/v)至约10%,或者组合物总量的约0.01%(v/v)至约5%,或者组合物总量的约0.05%(v/v)至约3%,或者组合物总量的约0.04%(v/v)至约2%,或者约0.1%(v/v)至约0.4%(v/v),或者约0.015%(v/v),或者约0.02%(v/v),或者约0.03%(v/v),或者约0.04%(v/v)。
所述组合物可包含额外的组分,可选地,所述组合物基本上由额外的组分构成,或所述组合物还进一步由额外的组分构成。额外的组分包含,但不限于:也可作为渗透促进剂或共溶剂起作用的多元醇,例如乙醇。合适的渗透促进剂包括但不限于:甘油脂肪酸酯(例如癸酸、辛酸、十二烷基酸、油酸);异山梨醇的脂肪酸酯、蔗糖的脂肪酸酯、聚乙二醇的脂肪酸酯;己酰基乳酸;月桂醇聚醚-2;月桂醇聚醚-2醋酸酯;月桂醇聚醚-2苯甲酸酯;月桂醇聚醚-3羧酸;月桂醇聚醚-4;月桂醇聚醚-5羧酸;油醇聚醚-2;丙三醇焦谷氨酸油酸酯;丙三醇油酸酯;N-月桂酰肌氨酸;N-十四酰肌氨酸;N-辛基-2-吡咯烷酮;月桂氨基丙酸;聚丙二醇-4-月桂醇聚醚-2;聚丙二醇-4-月桂醇聚醚-5二甲基月桂酰胺;月桂酰胺二乙醇胺(DEA)、月桂焦谷氨酸(LP)、甘油单月桂酸酯(GML)、甘油单辛酸酯、甘油单癸酸酯、甘油单油酸酯(GMO)以及山梨醇单月桂酸酯。本专利文本还描述了本领域技术人员已知的渗透促进剂。参见美国专利第5,785,991号;第5,843,468号;第5,882,676号;和第6,004,578号。
共溶剂的(v/v)百分比为组合物总量的约0.1%至约20%,或者组合物总量的约0.15%至约16%,或者组合物总量的约0.2%至约16%,或者组合物总量的约1.0%至约8%,或者组合物总量的约2.0%至约3.0%,或者组合物总量的约2.4%至约5%,或者组合物总量的约1.0%,或者组合物总量的约1.5%,或者组合物总量的约2.0%,或者组合物总量的约2.1%,或者组合物总量的约2.5%,或者组合物总量的约2.7%,或者组合物总量的约3.0%,或者组合物总量的约4.0%,或者组合物总量的约5%。
共溶剂为本领域已知的,包括但不限于:丙三醇、乙二醇、乙醇、甲醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇等。
当共溶剂是丙三醇或丙三醇的等同物时,在组合物中渗透促进剂(例如丙三醇)的典型范围包括组合物总量的约0.1%至约10%,或者组合物总量的约0.15%至约8%,或者组合物总量的约0.2%至约6%,或者组合物总量的约0.5%至约4%,或者组合物总量的约1.0%至约1.5%,或者组合物总量的约1.3%至约2%,或者组合物总量的约1.0%,或者组合物总量的约1.1%,或者组合物总量的约1.2%,或者组合物总量的约1.3%,或者组合物总量的约1.4%,或者组合物总量的约1.5%,或者组合物总量的约1.6%。
乙醇或乙醇的等同物的百分比可改变,但溶解促进剂(例如乙醇)的典型范围包括组合物总量的约0.1%至约10%,或者组合物总量的约0.15%至约8%,或者组合物总量的约0.2%至约6%,或者组合物总量的约0.5%至约4%,或者组合物总量的约1.0%至约1.5%,或者组合物总量的约1.3%至约2%,或者组合物总量的约1.0%,或者组合物总量的约1.1%,或者组合物总量的约1.2%,或者组合物总量的约1.3%,或者组合物总量的约1.4%,或者组合物总量的约1.5%,或者组合物总量的约1.6%。
在一种具体的实施方式中,所述组合物包含有效量的治疗剂,可选地,基本上由有效量的治疗剂组成,或还进一步由有效量的治疗剂组成。合适的治疗剂包括,但不限于:化疗化合物,例如DNA烷化剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、内质网应激诱导剂、铂类化合物、抗代谢物、长春花生物碱(vincalkaloids)、紫杉烷、埃坡霉素、酶抑制剂、受体拮抗剂、治疗性抗体、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、抗生素、硼放射增敏剂(即万珂)以及化疗联合疗法。本文提供化疗剂和治疗剂的非限制性例子。这些制剂的化学的和生物的等同物在本发明的范围之内。
本发明的一方面,抗癌药物为将烷基连接至DNA的DNA烷化剂。这种制剂是本领域技术人员所熟知的并用于治疗多种肿瘤。DNA烷化剂的非限制性例子为氮芥,例如二氯甲二乙胺、环磷酰胺(异环磷酰胺、曲磷胺)、苯丁酸氮芥(马法兰、松龙苯芥)、苯达莫司汀、尿嘧啶氮芥和雌氮芥;亚硝脲,例如卡莫司汀(BCNU)、洛莫司汀(司莫司汀)、福替目丁、嘧啶亚硝脲、雷莫司汀和链脲霉素;烷基磺酸盐,例如白消安(甘露舒凡、苏消安);氮杂环丙烷,例如卡波醌、塞替派、三乙撑亚胺苯醌、三乙撑蜜胺;肼(甲基苄肼);三氮烯,例如达卡巴嗪和替莫唑胺;六甲蜜胺和二溴甘露醇。
本发明的另一方面,抗癌药物为铂基化合物,所述铂基化合物是DNA烷化剂的亚类。这种制剂是本领域技术人员所熟知的并用于治疗多种癌症,例如,肺癌、头颈癌、卵巢癌、大肠癌和前列腺癌。这种制剂的非限制性例子包括卡铂、顺铂、奈达铂、奥沙利铂、四硝酸三铂(Triplatin tertranitrate)、沙铂、Aroplatin、洛铂和JM-216。(参见McKeage et al.(1997)J.Clin.Oncol.201:1232-1237并且总体而言,参见CHEMOTHERAPY FORGYNECOLOGICAL NEOPLASM,CURRENT THERAPY AND NOVELAPPROACHES,in the Series Basic and Clinical Oncology,Angioli et al.Eds.,2004)。
“奥沙利铂”是基于铂的化疗药物,所述药物与顺铂和卡铂属于同一家族。典型地,在被称作FOLFOX的组合中奥沙利铂与氟尿嘧啶和甲酰四氢叶酸联合给药用于治疗大肠癌。与顺铂相比,用环己基二胺取代两个胺基以改善抗肿瘤活性。用草酸衍生的草酸双牙配体取代氯配体以改善水溶性。奥沙利铂的等同物为本领域技术人员所知晓的,包括而不限于:顺铂、卡铂、Aroplatin、洛铂、奈达铂和JM-216(参见McKeage et al.(1997)J.Clin.Oncol.201:1232-1237并且总体而言,参见CHEMOTHERAPY FORGYNECOLOGICAL NEOPLASM,CURRENT THERAPY AND NOVELAPPROACHES,in the Series Basic and Clinical Oncology,Angioli et al.Eds.,2004)。
本发明的一方面,抗癌药物为拓扑异构酶抑制剂,该抑制剂是干扰拓扑异构酶(拓扑异构酶I和拓扑异构酶II)作用的药剂。拓扑异构酶为通过催化DNA磷酸二酯键骨架断裂和重接来控制DNA结构变化的酶。这种制剂为本领域技术人员所熟知的。拓扑异构酶I抑制剂的非限制性例子包括喜树碱衍生物、原小檗碱生物碱及其衍生物、邻二氮杂菲衍生物、Xu(1998)Biochemistry37(10):3558-3566中描述的Terbenzimidazole及其衍生物以及蒽环类抗生素衍生物,其中,所述喜树碱衍生物包括如Pommier(2006)Nat.Rev.Cancer6(10):789-802和美国专利申请第2005/0250854号中描述的CPT-11/伊立替康、SN-38、APC、NPC、喜树碱、拓扑替康、依沙替康甲磺酸、9-硝基喜树碱、9-氨基喜树碱、勒托替康、卢比替康、silatecan、吉马替康(gimatecan)、二氟替康(diflomotecan)、依喜替康(extatecan)、BN-80927、DX-8951f和MAG-CPT);所述原小檗碱生物碱及其衍生物包括如Li et al.(2000)Biochemistry 39(24):7107-7116和Gatto et al.(1996)Cancer Res.15(12):2795-2800中描述的9-去甲小檗碱和甲氧檗因;所述邻二氮杂菲衍生物包括如Makhey et al.(2003)Bioorg.Med.Chem.11(8):1809-1820中描述的苯并[i]菲啶、两面针碱和花椒宁碱;所述蒽环类抗生素衍生物包括如Foglesong et al.(1992)Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol.30(2):123-125,Crow et al.(1994)J.Med.Chem.37(19):3191-3194和Crespi et al.(1986)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.136(2):521-8中描述的阿霉素、柔红霉素和米托蒽醌。
本发明的一方面,拓扑异构酶I抑制剂可选自,但不限于:喜树碱衍生物、原小檗碱生物碱及其衍生物、邻二氮杂菲衍生物、Xu(1998)Biochemistry37(10):3558-3566中描述的Terbenzimidazole及其衍生物、蒽环类抗生素衍生物,其中,所述喜树碱衍生物包括如Pommier(2006)Nat.Rev.Cancer6(10):789-802和美国专利申请第2005/0250854号中描述的CPT-11/伊立替康、SN-38、APC、NPC、喜树碱、拓扑替康、依沙替康甲磺酸、9-硝基喜树碱、9-氨基喜树碱、勒托替康、卢比替康、silatecan、吉马替康、二氟替康、依喜替康、BN-80927、DX-8951f和MAG-CPT);所述原小檗碱生物碱及其衍生物包括如Li et al.(2000)Biochemistry 39(24):7107-7116和Gatto et al.(1996)Cancer Res.15(12):2795-2800中描述的9-去甲小檗碱和甲氧檗因;所述邻二氮杂菲衍生物包括如Makhey et al.(2003)Bioorg.Med.Chem.11(8):1809-1820中描述的苯并[i]菲啶、两面针碱和花椒宁碱;所述蒽环类抗生素衍生物包括如Foglesong et al.(1992)Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol.30(2):123-125,Crow et al.(1994)J.Med.Chem.37(19):3191-3194和Crespi et al.(1986)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.136(2):521-8中描述的阿霉素、柔红霉素和米托蒽醌,拓扑异构酶I抑制剂将用于与上述基于抗体的化疗一同联合治疗,以治疗通过合适的遗传标记确认的患者。
伊立替康(CPT-11)以商标销售。它是生物碱喜树碱的半合成类似物,伊立替康通过水解为SN-38被活化,并靶向拓扑异构酶I。化学等同物是那些抑制拓扑异构酶I和DNA相互作用以产生催化活性拓扑异构酶I-DNA复合体的物质。化学等同物在G2-M期抑制细胞周期进程而导致细胞增殖被破坏。
另一方面,一些制剂抑制拓扑异构酶II并具有DNA嵌入活性,所述一些制剂例如,但不限于:蒽环类(阿柔比星、柔红霉素、阿霉素、表阿霉素、去甲氧柔红霉素、氨柔比星、吡柔比星、戊柔比星、佐柔比星)和蒽二酮(米托蒽醌和Pixantrone)。
本发明的一方面,拓扑异构酶II抑制剂包含,但不限于:依托泊苷和替尼泊苷。
本发明的另一方面,拓扑异构酶I和拓扑异构酶II双重抑制剂选自,但不限于:如Denny and Baguley(2003)Curr.Top.Med.Chem.3(3):339-353中所描述的Saintopin、萘并萘二酮(Naphthecenediones)、DACA和其它吖啶-4-羧胺,茚托利辛和其它苯并吡啶并吲哚(Benzopyridoindoles)、TAS-103和其它7H-茚并[2,1-c]喹啉-7-酮、吡唑啉吖啶、XR 11576和其它苯并吩嗪、XR 5944和其它二聚化合物,以及蒽-氨基酸共轭物。一方面,它们可用于与上述基于抗体的化疗一同联合治疗,以治疗通过合适的遗传标记确认的患者。
“拉帕替尼”是溶瘤细胞的EGFR和erB-2双重抑制剂。已在一些临床试验中研究了拉帕替尼作为抗癌单一疗法,以及拉帕替尼与曲妥单抗、卡培他滨、来曲唑、紫杉醇和FOLFIRI(伊立替康,5-氟尿嘧啶和甲酰四氢叶酸)联合。目前正在对转移性乳腺癌、头颈癌、肺癌、胃癌、肾癌和膀胱癌的口服治疗进行第III阶段测试。
拉帕替尼的化学等同物是小分子或化合物,所述小分子或化合物为酪氨酸激酶抑制剂或者HER-1抑制剂或HER-2抑制剂。已发现几种TKI具有有效的抗肿瘤活性并已证实或正在临床试验中。这样的例子包括,但不限于:凡德他尼(ZD6474),易瑞沙(吉非替尼)和特罗凯(厄洛替尼),甲磺酸伊马替尼(STI571;格列卫),厄洛替尼(OSI-1774;特罗凯),卡奈替尼(CI 1033),司马沙尼(semaxinib)(SU5416),瓦他拉尼(PTK787/ZK222584),索拉非尼(BAY 43-9006),索坦(SU11248)和来氟米特(SU101)。
拉帕替尼的生物学等同物是肽、抗体或其抗体衍生物,所述肽、抗体或其抗体衍生物为HER-1抑制剂和/或HER-2抑制剂。这样的例子包括但不限于人源化抗体曲妥单抗和赫赛汀。
本发明的一方面,所述治疗剂为内质网应激诱导剂。这种制剂的例子包括,但不限于:塞来考昔、二甲基-塞来考昔和硼放射致敏剂(即万珂(硼替佐米))。
本发明的另一方面,抗癌药物是抗代谢物制剂,所述抗代谢物制剂抑制代谢物(即,作为正常新陈代谢的一部分的另一化学物质)的使用,在癌症治疗中,抗代谢物干扰DNA生成,由此干扰细胞分裂和肿瘤生长。这些制剂的非限制性例子是基于叶酸的制剂,即二氢叶酸还原酶抑制剂,例如氨蝶呤、甲氨蝶呤和培美曲塞;胸苷酸合成酶抑制剂,例如雷替曲塞、培美曲塞;基于嘌呤的制剂,即腺苷脱氨酶抑制剂,例如喷司他丁、巯基嘌呤(例如硫鸟嘌呤和巯嘌呤)、卤代/核苷酸还原酶抑制剂(例如克拉屈滨、氯法拉滨、氟达拉滨)或鸟嘌呤/鸟苷:巯基嘌呤(例如硫鸟嘌呤);或基于嘧啶的制剂,即胞嘧啶/胞苷:去甲基化(hypomethylating)剂(例如阿扎胞苷和地西他滨)、DNA聚合酶抑制剂(例如阿糖胞苷)、核苷酸还原酶抑制剂(例如吉西他滨)或胸腺嘧啶/胸苷:胸苷酸合成酶抑制剂(例如氟尿嘧啶(5-FU))。
氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)属于称作基于嘧啶的抗代谢物的治疗药物家族。5-FU转化成不同的细胞毒素代谢物,然后所述细胞毒素代谢物掺入DNA和RNA中,从而诱导细胞周期停止和细胞凋亡。所述氟尿嘧啶是嘧啶类似物,其转化成不同的细胞毒素代谢物,然后所述细胞毒素代谢物掺入DNA和RNA中,从而诱导细胞周期停止和细胞凋亡。化学等同物为导致DNA复制破坏的嘧啶类似物。化学等同物在S期抑制细胞周期进程引起细胞周期的破坏并因此凋亡。5-FU的等同物包括其前药、类似物和衍生物,例如在Papamicheal(1999)TheOncologist 4:478-487中描述的5’-脱氧-5-氟尿苷(去氧氟尿苷(doxifluroidine))、1-四氢呋喃基-5-氟尿嘧啶(呋氟脲嘧啶)、卡培他滨(希罗达)、S-1(MBMS-247616,由替加氟和两个调节器组成、5-氯-2,4-二羟基吡啶和氧嗪酸钾)、雷替曲噻(拓优得)、诺拉曲塞(Thymitaq,AG337)、LY231514和ZD9331。
卡培他滨和替加氟是5-FU的化学等同物的例子。它们是(5-FU)的前药,在三个酶促步骤的途径之后它们通过肿瘤-特异性嘧啶磷酸化酶转化成活性形式和两个中间代谢物(5’-脱氧-5-氟胞啶(5’-DFCR)和5’-脱氧-5-氟尿苷(5’-DFUR))。卡培他滨由罗氏以商标销售。
甲酰四氢叶酸(亚叶酸)是用于癌症治疗的佐剂。它用于与5-FU协同联合以改善化疗剂的疗效。不受理论的束缚,人们认为甲酰四氢叶酸的加入通过抑制胸苷酸合成酶提高5-FU的疗效。甲酰四氢叶酸已用作解毒剂来保护正常细胞不受高剂量的抗癌药物甲氨蝶呤的影响并且甲酰四氢叶酸已用于增加氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)和替加氟-尿嘧啶的抗肿瘤效果。甲酰四氢叶酸也被称为柠胶因子和亚叶酸钙制剂(Wellcovorin)。所述化合物的化学名称为L-谷氨酸N[4[[(2-氨基-5-甲酸基1,4,5,6,7,8六氢4氧6-pteridinyl)甲基]氨基]苯甲酰]钙盐(1:1)。
长春花生物碱的例子包括,但不限于:长春碱、长春新碱、长春氟宁、长春地辛和长春瑞滨。
紫杉烷的例子包括,但不限于:多西紫杉醇、Larotaxel、奥他赛(Ortataxel)、紫杉醇和替司他赛(Tesetaxel)。埃博霉素的例子为伊沙匹隆。
酶抑制剂的例子包括,但不限于:法尼基转移酶抑制剂(替吡法尼(Tipifarnib));CDK抑制剂(Alvocidib,Seliciclib);蛋白酶体抑制剂(硼替佐米);磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(阿那格雷);IMP脱氢酶抑制剂(噻唑呋林);和脂肪氧合酶抑制剂(马丙考)。
酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的例子包括,但不限于:ErbB:HER1/EGFR(厄洛替尼、吉非替尼、拉帕替尼、凡德他尼、舒尼替尼、来那替尼(Neratinib));HER2/neu(拉帕替尼、来那替尼);第III类RTK:C-kit(阿西替尼、舒尼替尼、索拉非尼);FLT3(来他替尼(Lestaurtinib));PDGFR(阿西替尼、舒尼替尼、索拉非尼);和VEGFR(凡德他尼、司马沙尼、西地尼布(Cediranib),阿西替尼、索拉非尼);bcr-abl(伊马替尼、尼罗替尼、达沙替尼);Src(伯舒替尼)和Janus激酶2(来他替尼)。
PTK/ZK是靶向所有VEGF受体(VEGFR)、血小板源生长因子(PDGF)受体、c-KIT和c-Fms的具有广泛特异性的“小”分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。Drevs(2003)Idrugs 6(8):787-794。PTK/ZK是通过抑制结合VEGF的所有已知受体的活性来阻断血管生成和淋巴管生成的靶向药物,所述结合VEGF的所有已知受体包括VEGFR-1(Flt-1)、VEGFR-2(KDR/Flk-1)和VEGFR-3(Flt-4)。PTK/ZK的化学名称是1-[4-氯苯胺]-4-[4-吡啶基甲基]酞嗪琥珀酸盐或1-二氮杂萘基胺(1-Phthalazinamine),N-(4-氯苯基)-4-(4-吡啶基甲基)-,丁烷二酯(butanedioate)(1:1)。PTK/ZK的同义词和类似物为瓦他拉尼(Vatalanib)、CGP79787D、PTK787/ZK 222584、CGP-79787、DE-00268、PTK-787、PTK-787A、VEGFR-TK抑制剂、ZK 222584和ZK。
抗生素的例子包括,但不限于:放线菌素、博莱霉素、丝裂霉素、光神霉素。
受体拮抗剂的例子包括,但不限于:ERA(阿曲生坦);类视黄醇X受体(蓓萨罗丁)和性类固醇(睾内脂)。
化疗剂和联合治疗的例子包括,但不限于:安吖啶、曲贝替定(Trabectedin)、类视黄醇(阿利维A酸、视黄酸)、三氧化二砷、降天冬酰胺(asparagine depleter)(天冬酰胺酶/皮格阿帕扎)、塞来考昔、地美可辛、伊利司莫、依沙芦星、乙环氧啶、氯尼达明、硫蒽酮、丙脒腙、米托坦、奥利默森、西罗莫司(Temsirolimus)和伏立诺他。
“FOLFOX”是用以治疗大肠癌的一种联合治疗类型的缩写。它包括5-FU、奥沙利铂和甲酰四氢叶酸。所述治疗的有关信息见国家癌症研究所的网站(cancer.gov,上次访问于2008年1月16日)。
“FOLFOX/BV”是用以治疗大肠癌的一种联合治疗类型的缩写。这种治疗包括5-FU、奥沙利铂、甲酰四氢叶酸和贝伐单抗。此外,“XELOX/BV”是用以治疗大肠癌的另一种联合治疗,所述联合治疗包括5-FU的前药联合奥沙利铂和贝伐单抗,所述前药被称为卡培他滨(希罗达)。这些治疗的相关信息可在国家癌症研究所的网站(cancer.gov)或从国家综合癌症网络的网站(nccn.org,上次访问于2008年5月27日)上得到。
治疗性抗体的例子包括,但不限于:抗HER1/EGFR(西妥昔单抗、帕尼单抗);抗HER2/neu(erbB2)受体(曲妥珠单抗);抗EpCAM(卡妥索单抗(Catumaxomab)、依决可单抗)抗VEGF-A(贝伐单抗);抗CD20(利妥昔单抗、托西莫单抗、替伊莫单抗(Ibritumomab));抗CD52(阿仑单抗);和抗CD33(吉妥单抗),及其生物学等同物。
贝伐单抗由Genentech以商品名阿瓦斯汀(Avastin)销售。它是结合人血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)并抑制人血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的生物活性的人源化单克隆抗体。本文认为生物学等同抗体为改性的抗体并且它们结合至相同的抗原表位,防止VEGF与其受体(Flt01,KDR又名VEGFR2)相互作用并随之产生等同反应(例如,阻断内皮细胞增殖和血管生成)。
一方面,“化学等同物”指能够选择性地与其目标蛋白质、DNA、RNA或其片段发生相互作用的化学物质,通过使目标蛋白失活、向DNA或RNA中掺入化学物质或其它合适的方法检测所述目标蛋白质、DNA、RNA或其片段。化学等同物包括,但不限于:那些具有相同或相似的生物学活性的制剂并且包括,但不限于:其药学上可接受的盐或混合物,所述盐或混合物与作为参考化学物质的相同的目标蛋白质、DNA或RNA发生相互作用,和/或使作为参考化学物质的相同的目标蛋白质、DNA或RNA失活。
一方面,“生物等同物”指能够选择性地结合表位蛋白或其片段的抗体,通过ELISA或其它合适的方法检测表位蛋白或其片段。生物学等同抗体包括,但不限于:与作为参考抗体的相同表位结合的那些抗体、肽、抗体片段、抗体变型、抗体衍生物和抗体模拟物。等同的贝伐单抗抗体的例子为结合人血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)并抑制人血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的生物学活性的抗体。
剂型
可将所述药物组合物通过下列途径中的任何一种给药:眼部给药、口服给药、全身给药(例如,经皮、鼻内或通过栓剂),或肠胃外(例如,肌肉内、静脉或皮下)给药。在一些实施方式中,给药方式为便于可根据病痛程度调整的每日剂量方案的口服给药。组合物可采用片剂、丸剂、胶囊、半固体、粉末、持续释放剂型、溶液、悬浮液、酏剂、气雾剂的形式,或任何其它合适的组合物形式。本文所述的化合物的另一给药方式为吸入给药。
剂型的选择取决于各种因素,例如药物给药的方式和药物的生物利用度。就通过吸入递送而言,化合物可配制成液体溶液、悬浮剂、气溶胶喷射剂或干粉并装载于适合的分配器中来给药。有如下几种类型的药物吸入装置:雾化吸入器、计量剂量吸入器(MDI)、口罩和干粉吸入器(DPI)。雾化装置产生高速空气流使治疗剂(配制成液体形式)作为薄雾喷出而被带进患者呼吸道。MDI典型地为用压缩气体包装的制剂。驱动后,所述装置通过压缩气体排放出测量数量的治疗剂,从而提供可靠的方法给药指定量的制剂。DPI可以自由流动的粉末的形式分配治疗剂,所述粉末可通过所述装置在患者呼吸过程中的吸气气流中分散。为了得到自由流动的粉末,用诸如乳糖之类的赋形剂配制治疗剂。将测量数量的治疗剂以胶囊的形式储存并在每次驱动时分配。
近年来,基于可通过增加表面积(即减小粒径)来增加生物利用度的原则,药物剂型,特别是表现出较差生物利用度的药物的剂型已经得到发展。例如,美国专利第4,107,288号描述了含有粒径为10nm至1,000nm的颗粒的药物剂型,在所述颗粒中,活性物质由大分子的交联基质支撑。美国专利第5,145,684号描述了一种药物剂型的生产,其中,在表面改性剂存在的条件下,将药品粉碎成纳米颗粒(平均粒径400nm),然后分散于液体介质中以提供表现出明显较高的生物利用度的药物剂型。
对于眼部给药而言,可将本文所述的组合物配制成适合给药于眼睛的溶液、乳剂、悬浮液等。多种适于将化合物给药于眼睛的媒介为本领域技术人员所知晓的。美国专利第6,261,547号;美国专利第6,197,934号;美国专利第6,056,950号;美国专利第5,800,807号;美国专利第5,776,445号;美国专利第5,698,219号;美国专利第5,521,222号;美国专利第5,403,841号;美国专利第5,077,033号;美国专利第4,882,150号;美国专利第4,738,851号中描述了具体的非限制性例子。
所述组合物可额外包含固体药物赋形剂,例如淀粉、纤维素、滑石粉、葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖、明胶、麦芽、大米、面粉、白垩、硅胶、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钠、单硬脂酸甘油酯、氯化钠、脱脂奶粉等等。液体和半固体赋形剂可选自甘油、丙二醇、水、乙醇和各种油(包括石油、动物、植物和合成来源的油,例如花生油、大豆油、矿物油、芝麻油等等)。液体载体,特别是注射用液体载体,包括水、盐水、葡萄糖水和乙二醇。
压缩气体可用于分散本文所描述的气溶胶形式的组合物。适合该目的的惰性气体为氮气、二氧化碳等。其它适合的药物赋形剂及其剂型在E.W.Martin编辑的Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(Mack出版公司,第18版,1990)中描述。
剂型中组合物的量可在本领域技术人员所采用的全部范围内变化。典型地,所述剂型将包含(基于体积百分比(v/v%))占总剂型的0.01v/v%至99.99v/v%的本文所述的组合物和剩余部分一种或一种以上适合的药物赋形剂。在一些实施方式中,所述组合物的含量为约1v/v%至80v/v%。
因此,本发明的组合物可配制成喷剂或滴剂用于鼻内给药;通过透皮贴剂或离子导入术经皮给药以及使用喷雾器、MDI或类似装置吸入给药。因此,所述组合物可进一步包含使组合物适于经皮给药的渗透促进剂、增塑剂等,可选地,所述组合物可基本上由使组合物适于经皮给药的渗透促进剂、增塑剂等组成,或所述组合物还可进一步由使组合物适于经皮给药的渗透促进剂、增塑剂等组成。一方面,本发明为经皮给药贮存器,所述经皮给药贮存器中含有有效量的本发明的组合物用于经皮给药所述组合物。另一方面,本发明提供包含经皮给药贮存器的经皮给药装置。所述经皮给药贮存器和/或装置可用于将有效量的本发明组合物给药于需要治疗的受治者。这些装置适合给药诸如镇痛剂和麻醉剂之类的止痛药。前面提供了这些治疗剂的例子。
本发明还提供用于鼻内给药的上述组合物。因此,所述组合物可进一步包括使组合物适于鼻内给药的渗透促进剂等,可选地,所述组合物基本上可由使组合物适于鼻内给药的渗透促进剂等组成,或所述组合物还可进一步由使组合物适合鼻内给药的渗透促进剂等组成。一方面,本发明为鼻内剂型,所述鼻内剂型中含有有效量的本发明的组合物用于鼻内给药所述组合物。这些制剂适于癌症药物或治疗神经障碍的药物。下面提供这些药物的例子。
本发明还提供用于吸入给药的上述组合物。因此,所述组合物可进一步包含使组合物适于吸入给药的渗透促进剂等,可选地,所述组合物可基本上由使组合物适于吸入给药的渗透促进剂等组成,或所述组合物还可进一步由使组合物适于吸入给药的渗透促进剂等组成。一方面,本发明为吸入给药剂型,所述剂型中含有有效量的本发明的组合物用于吸入给药所述组合物。这些剂型适于给药癌症药物或治疗神经障碍的药物。前面提供了这些药物的例子。
体外和体内的方法
病理细胞、组织和病变以诸如过度增殖细胞之类的病理细胞为特征,所述过度增殖的细胞通过将有效量的本发明组合物与这些病变相关细胞或组织接触来治疗。所述细胞(例如癌症细胞)可为原发性癌症细胞或获自组织库(例如美国标准培养物收藏中心(American Type Culture Collection,ATCC))的培养细胞。所述病理细胞可包含胶质瘤、脑膜瘤(menengiomas)、垂体腺瘤、全身性癌症的CNS转移,可选地,所述病理细胞可基本上由胶质瘤、脑膜瘤、垂体腺瘤、全身性癌症的CNS转移组成,或所述病理细胞可由胶质瘤、脑膜瘤、垂体腺瘤、全身性癌症的CNS转移组成。其它病理细胞包括,但不限于:肺癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、造血癌症或卵巢癌中的一种或一种以上的癌症。
所述细胞可为任何适合的类型,例如包括,脊椎动物,优选为哺乳动物,更有选为人类。哺乳动物包括,但不限于:鼠类、大鼠、兔、猿、牛、羊、猪、狗、猫、家畜、运动型动物、宠物、马和灵长类,特别是人类。
所述接触可为体外、从体外到体内(ex vivo)和体内中的一种或一种以上。所述接触可在有效温度下进行,所述温度包括,但不限于以下温度范围:约40°F至约120°F,或者约50°F至约115°F,或者约60°F至约100°F,或者约65°F至约95°F,或者约65°F至约115°F或者约65°F至约115°F或者约68°F至约110°F,或者约68°F至约100°F,或者约70°F至约95°F,或者约72°F至约90°F,或者约75°F至约85°F,或者约75°F至约80°F,或者至少50°F,或者约55°F,或者至少60°F,或者至少70°F,或者约72°F,或者至少75°F,或者至少80°F,或者至少85°F,或者至少90°F,或者至少95°F,或者至少98°F,或者至少100°F,或者至少102°F,或者至少105°F。当接触为体内时,所述接触可为治疗医生确定的单次或多次给药和多个途径(例如,鼻内、眼睛或吸入)。当接触为体外时,所述接触可在细胞培养物内,例如,所述细胞为培养的人恶性胶质瘤细胞系U87和A172细胞(获自美国标准培养物收藏中心),或它们可来自动物活组织检查。细胞培养和试验条件以及递送药物到患者和动物模型的方法的例子为本领域技术人员所知晓的,并在后面的试验例子中提供。(美国专利申请第2004/0087651号,(公开日2004年5月6日),Balassiano et al.(2002)Intern.J.Mol.Med.10:785-788;Thorne et al.(2004)Neuroscience 127:481-496;Fernandes et al.(2005)Oncology Reports 13:943-947;da Fonseca et al.(2006)66:611-615;da Fonseca et al.(2008)Surgical Neurology 70:259-267;da Fonsecaet al.(2008)Arch.Immunol.Ther.Exp.56:267-276和Hashizume et al.(2008)Neuroncology 10:112-120,每个文献通过引用并入本文)。
当在人类患者之外的受治者(例如小鼠)体内实施时,所述方法提供用于发现替代制剂、组合物和治疗的动物模型。在人类患者中,所述方法治疗上述病变或以过度增殖细胞为特征的病变,例如,癌症。用于检测有效治疗的临床和亚临床证据的方法为本领域技术人员所知晓的并在下列专利和文献中描述:美国专利申请第2004/0087651号,(公开日2004年5月6日);Balassiano etal.(2002)Intern.J.Mol.Med.10:785-788;Thorne et al.(2004)Neuroscience127:481-496;Fernandes et al.(2005)Oncology Reports 13:943-947;da Fonseca etal.(2006)66:611-615;da Fonseca et al.(2008)Surgical Neurology 70:259-267;da Fonseca et al.(2008)Arch.Immunol.Ther.Exp.56:267-276和Hashizume et al.(2008)Neuroncology 10:112-120(每个文献通过引用并入本文)。在这些方法的每一个方法中,将有效量的本发明组合物递送至或给药于受治者,例如,小鼠或人类患者。
本发明还提供用于治疗需要这种治疗的受治者中的疾病的方法,所述方法包括将有效量的本文所述组合物给药于受治者,可选地,所述方法基本上由将有效量的本文所述组合物给药于受治者组成,或所述方法还进一步由将有效量的本文所述组合物给药于受治者组成,从而治疗所述疾病。一方面,待治疗的疾病为神经障碍或影响中枢神经系统(CNS)的疾病。这样的疾病包括,但不限于:原发性中枢神经(CNS)肿瘤(胶质瘤、脑膜瘤、垂体腺瘤)或全身性癌症的CNS转移。其它疾病,包括,但不限于:肺癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、造血癌症或卵巢癌中的一种或一种以上的癌症。
可由兽医将所述组合物给药于动物或哺乳动物。
联合给药
如本领域的技术人员所知的,这些组合物的联合给药可与其它诸如放射治疗之类的治疗同时或顺序进行。可预期的是有效联合的使用提供可降低每个成分的总剂量的治疗组合,所述每个成分的总剂量相比于当单独使用每个独立的疗法或组合物时所需的每个成分的总剂量得以降低。注意到副作用得以减少。因此,本发明还包含涉及将一种或一种以上额外的活性剂或方法与本文所述组合物联合给药的方法。事实上,本发明的另一方面提供通过联合给药本发明组合物来增强其它治疗的方法和/或提供联合给药本发明组合物的药物组合物。在联合给药的步骤中,所述制剂可同时或顺序给药。在一种实施方式中,在其它活性剂、治疗之前给药本文所述的化合物。药物剂型和给药方式可为本文所描述的那些药物剂型和给药方式中的任何一种或为本领域技术人员所知的那些药物剂型和给药方式中的任何一种。
化合物在制备药物方面的应用
本发明的组合物也在制备治疗上述多种病变的药物方面有用。用于制备药物组合物的方法和技术为本领域技术人员所知晓的。仅作说明用途,药物剂型和递送途径详述如下。
因此,本领域的技术人员会很容易明白任何一种或一种以上上述组合物(包括许多具体的实施方式)可通过采用标准的药物生产步骤来使用,从而制备治疗本文所述的许多疾病的药物。这样的药物可通过使用药学领域技术人员所知的递送方法递送至受治者。
药物递送
已知各种递送系统并且所述各种递送系统可用于本发明的组合物的给药,例如,鼻内或吸入给药等等。为了确定可被有益地治疗的患者,可从患者体内取组织样品并检测细胞对制剂的敏感度。
治疗的量可凭经验确定,并且随正在治疗的病变、正在治疗的受治者和组合物的疗效和毒性,以及组合物是单独使用还是与治疗方法的其它制剂联合使用而变化。当递送至动物时,所述方法用于进一步确认制剂的疗效。
在体外或体内给药可受整个治疗过程中连续或间歇地一次剂量的影响和不同温度的影响。适合的温度范围包括约40°F至约120°F,或者约50°F至约115°F,或者约60°F至约100°F,或者约65°F至约95°F,或者约65°F至约115°F或者约65°F至约115°F或者约68°F至约110°F,或者约68°F至约100°F,或者约70°F至约95°F,或者约72°F至约90°F,或者约75°F至约85°F,或者约75°F至约80°F,或者至少50°F,或者约55°F,或者至少60°F,或者至少70°F,或者约72°F,或者至少75°F,或者至少80°F,或者至少85°F,或者至少90°F,或者至少95°F,或者至少98°F,或者至少100°F,或者至少102°F,或者至少105°F。
确定最有效的给药方法和给药剂量的方法为本领域技术人员所知晓的,并且随用于治疗的组合物、治疗目的、正在治疗的靶细胞和正在治疗的受治者而变化。单次给药或多次给药可根据治疗医生所选择的剂量水平和形式来实施。
本领域技术人员可容易地确定给药制剂的合适剂型和方法。例如,以约0.01mg/kg至约200mg/kg,或者以约0.1mg/kg至约100mg/kg,或者以约0.5mg/kg至约50mg/kg给药组合物。当本文所述的化合物与其它制剂(例如,作为敏化剂)或治疗联合给药时,有效量可少于所述制剂单独使用时的量。
药物组合物可口服给药、鼻内给药、眼部给药、肠胃外给药或通过吸入治疗给药,并且可采用片剂、锭剂、颗粒、胶囊、丸剂、针剂、栓剂或气溶胶形式。它们也可采用水或非水的稀释液中的活性成分的悬浮液、溶液和乳剂、糖浆、颗粒或粉末形式。除了本发明的制剂外,所述药物组合物还可包含其他药物活性的化合物或多种化合物。
更加具体而言,本文中,本发明的组合物也指活性成分,对于治疗而言,本发明的组合物可通过任何合适的途径给药(包括口服给药、直肠给药、鼻部给药、局部给药(包括经皮给药、喷雾给药、颊部和舌下给药)、阴道给药、肠胃外给药(包括皮下给药、肌肉内给药、静脉给药和皮内给药)以及肺部给药)。可理解的是优选的途径将随接受者的健康状况和年龄以及正在治疗的疾病而不同。
理想地,应当给药所述制剂以在疾病位点实现活性组合物的峰浓度。所述制剂理想的血药浓度可通过连续输注来维持,从而通过多次给药在疾病组织内或在疾病位点或肿瘤位点处提供治疗量的活性成分。
可使用生产成缓慢释放本文所述的组合物的吸盘或贴片用于经皮吸收的经皮递送系统。为此,可使用渗透促进剂促进治疗剂的经皮渗透。合适的经皮贴片在例如,美国专利第5,407,713号;美国专利第5,352,456号;美国专利第5,332,213号;美国专利第5,336,168号;美国专利第5,290,561号;美国专利第5,254,346号;美国专利第5,164,189号;美国专利第5,163,899号;美国专利第5,088,977号;美国专利第5,087,240号;美国专利第5,008,110号;和美国专利第4,921,475号中描述。
筛选试验
本发明还提供筛选试验以识别已知的和新的化合物和组合以及已知的潜在治疗剂。
一方面,试验需要使有效量的本发明组合物与含有合适的细胞或组织(“对照样品”)的第一样品接触,以及使待测试的制剂与合适的细胞或组织(“测试样品”)的第二样品接触。确定第一细胞样品与第二细胞样品的生长抑制。如果第二样品的生长抑制与第一样品大体相同或大于第一样品,则所述制剂为用于治疗的潜在药物。一方面,基本相同或较大的细胞生长抑制为少于约1%的差别,或者少于约5%的差别,或者少于约10%的差别,或者大于约10%的差别,或者大于约20%的差别,或者大于约50%的差别,或者大于约90%的差别。所述接触可在体外或体内进行。确定所述细胞生长抑制的方法为本领域技术人员所知晓的,并且本文公开了这样的例子,如试验#3和试验#4。另一方面,测试制剂与第三细胞样品或第三组织样品接触,所述第三细胞样品或第三组织样品含有与对照样品和测试样品对应的正常细胞或组织并选择治疗第二细胞样品和第二组织样品但对第三样品没有副作用的制剂。就本文描述的试验目的而言,合适的细胞或组织为涉及过度增殖障碍(例如癌症或本文所述的其它疾病)的细胞或组织。这样的例子包括,但不限于:由活组织检查、血液、乳腺细胞、结肠细胞、肝脏细胞或滑液得到的癌症细胞或组织。一方面,所述样品包括原发性中枢神经系统(CNS)肿瘤细胞(胶质瘤、脑膜瘤、垂体腺瘤)、全身性癌症的CNS转移癌症细胞、肺癌细胞、前列腺癌细胞、乳腺癌细胞、造血癌症细胞或卵巢癌细胞。
使用本领域技术人员所知的方法(包括,但不限于细胞活力检测或凋亡评价)确定测试组合物的疗效。
另一方面,试验需要至少两种细胞类型,第一种为合适的对照细胞。
试验还用于预测受治者是否受到本发明的合理治疗,所述试验通过将组合物递送至含有待治疗的细胞的样品以及检测随病变变化的治疗来进行。一方面,所述细胞或组织通过活组织检查从受治者或患者获得。申请人提供用于确定病理细胞或患者是否受到提供至少一种本发明的组合物的疗法的合理治疗的试剂盒和使用说明书。
在另一种实施方式中,第三靶细胞用作阳性对照,因为其接受有效量的组合物,所述组合物已表现出有效。
测试细胞可在小的多孔板中生长,并用于检测测试化合物的生物活性。就本发明的目的而言,成功的候选药物可阻断病原体生长或杀死病原体,但对对照细胞类型无害。
本文进一步提供通过这种方法识别的化合物、制剂及其组合。
下列实施例意于举例说明,但不限制本发明。
试验
试验#1-体外效力
当前,脑瘤通过静脉注射或口服化疗来治疗。由于血脑屏障阻碍了常规化疗通过这两个途径的充分递送,所以脑癌在很大程度上仍然是无法治疗的。POH通过鼻部吸入被递送至脑瘤。已证明其在病人体内被安全耐受,并在具有恶性胶质瘤的患者体内诱导肿瘤尺寸放射性减小。认为递送机理是通过嗅束递送以及通过鼻血管系统全身性递送。
认为POH作用的机理是通过抑制小G蛋白合成(包括Ras)。除了恶性胶质瘤之外,已证明POH还有效对抗一些全身性恶性肿瘤,包括乳腺癌、肺癌、胰腺癌、黑色素瘤。目前通过鼻吸入器每天给药四次,发现耐受良好,副作用最小。
POH从未用于联合治疗。申请人确定了POH可用于与常规化疗剂(例如替莫唑胺,TMZ;图1)联合,或与更多的试验制剂(图2;即二甲基-塞来考昔)联合,从而在胶质瘤细胞中诱导比单独使用任一药物更大的细胞毒性。图1A和图1C说明在MTT细胞毒性试验中,TMZ与0.01%POH联合具有至少一种累加效应。这种效应对U-87胶质瘤细胞(图1B)和A-172TMZ耐受细胞(图1D)来说不太显著。当POH与DMC联合时,这种联合效应更加显著。图2A至图2C说明了对U-251,U-87和A-172细胞系的至少一种累加效应。与DMC联合,POH和DMC甚至对A-172TMZ耐受细胞有效。U-251获自MCI-Frederick,是CNS人胶质母细胞瘤细胞系。参见dtp.nci.nih.gov/docs/misc/common_files/cell_list.html,上次访问于2009年2月5日。U-251也可获自ATCC。
鼻内递送提供用于将治疗剂递送至脑的实用的、非创伤的方法,因为嗅觉神经和三叉神经提供了独特的解剖学上的连结。这些神经连结鼻粘膜和CNS,使它们能够检测到气味和其它化学刺激。鼻内给药药物采用细胞外途径穿过周围神经通道在几分钟之内到达脑和脊髓的薄壁组织和/或脑脊髓液(CSF)。除了绕过BBB之外,鼻内递送的优点还包括迅速递送到CNS、避免肝脏的首过药物代谢以及消除全身性递送的需要,由此减少不期望的全身性副作用。鼻内递送还提供无痛和便于患者自我给药的特征,所述特征促进鼻内递送在将治疗剂递送进入CNS方面的应用。
试验#2-细胞培养
人恶性胶质瘤U-87细胞和A-172细胞可获自美国标准培养物收藏中心(ATCC)。外植体标本(GBM-1)可采用标准的外科手术步骤从患有多形性胶质母细胞瘤的患者体内获得。细胞单层生长在25cm2的组织培养瓶中的Dulbecco改良Eagle培养基中,所述培养基补充有0.2mM非必需氨基酸,10%胎牛血清,青霉素(10U/ml)、链霉素(100μm/ml)和两性霉素B(fungizone,2.5mg/ml)。对于传代培养物而已,细胞用磷酸缓冲盐水(PBS,pH 7.2)清洗,通过短时间接触胰蛋白酶分离并在培养基中悬浮。
试验#3-细胞活力检测
在37℃,5%CO2条件下,细胞(104/ml)于96孔组织培养板中培养24小时。然后用DMEM或不同浓度的组合物(Sigma,St.Louis,MO,美国)处理培养物。48小时后,用MTT(5mg/ml)处理细胞,黑暗中培养至少4小时,随后将甲臜(formazan)结晶溶于200μl DMSO中。可用630nm标准滤光片检测570nm吸光度来定量MTT还原的增加部分。
试验#4-细胞凋亡评价
可通过细胞形态和细胞周期分析来评价细胞凋亡。就形态分析而言,细胞生长在25cm2的烧瓶中,汇合之前用培养基或不同浓度的组合物处理,然后在接下来的48小时用光学显微镜观察。就细胞周期分析而言,细胞(2x105/孔)接种于24孔组织培养板中,静止24小时,然后用培养基或不同浓度的活性剂处理并再培养24小时。细胞被收集、悬浮,并在4℃黑暗条件下,在300μl/样品的低渗荧光溶液(50μg/ml碘化丙啶(PI)和0.1%柠檬酸钠缓冲液中0.1%Triton X-100)中培养1小时。使用荧光激活的细胞分选扫描流式细胞仪(FACSCalibur;Becton-Dickinson,San Jose,CA)在FL2H通道中检测DNA含量。由CellQuest软件版本3.1f控制数据的采集和分析。在‘亚-G1-峰’包含亚二倍体DNA群的的事件被认为是细胞凋亡。
可以理解的是,尽管本发明已连同上述实施方式进行了描述,但是,以上描述和实施例意在举例说明并不限制本发明的范围。本发明范围内的其他方面,优势以及修改对于本发明所属领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的。下面列出了本发明的几个方面。
Claims (22)
1.一种用于运送治疗剂的组合物,所述组合物包含:
治疗剂;
约0.015%(v/v)至约0.04%(v/v)的紫苏子醇或其类似物;
约1.3%的丙三醇(v/v);和
至少约1.3%的乙醇,(v/v;96%乙醇),
其中,上述组分等于100%(v/v)的组合物,
其中,所述组合物通过吸入给药、鼻内给药或眼部给药中的一种或一种以上给药方式进行给药。
2.一种用于运送治疗剂的组合物,所述组合物包含:
治疗剂;
约0.1%(v/v)至0.4%(v/v)的紫苏子醇、紫苏醛或紫苏子醇的羧酸酯;
约1.3%的丙三醇(v/v);和
至少约1.3%的乙醇,(v/v;96%乙醇),
其中,上述组分等于100%(v/v)的组合物,
其中,所述组合物通过吸入给药、鼻内给药或眼部给药中的一种或一种以上给药方式进行给药。
3.一种用于运送治疗剂的组合物,所述组合物包含:
治疗剂;
约0.0001%至约0.01%(v/v)的紫苏子醇、紫苏醛或紫苏子醇的羧酸酯;
约1.3%的丙三醇(v/v);和
至少约1.3%的乙醇,(v/v;96%乙醇),
其中,上述组分等于100%(v/v)的组合物。
4.一种用于运送治疗剂的组合物,所述组合物基本上由下列组分构成:
治疗剂;
约0.0001%至约0.01%(v/v)的紫苏子醇、紫苏醛或紫苏子醇的羧酸酯;
约1.3%的丙三醇(v/v);和
至少约1.3%的乙醇,(v/v;96%乙醇),
其中,上述组分等于100%(v/v)的组合物,
其中,所述组合物通过吸入给药、鼻内给药或眼部给药中的一种或一种以上给药方式进行给药。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的组合物,其中,所述紫苏子醇、紫苏醛或紫苏子醇的羧酸酯的量为约0.01%。
6.如权利要求1、4或5所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物包含紫苏子醇。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述治疗剂是抗癌药物,其选自:DNA烷化剂(替莫唑胺,BCNU)、拓扑异构酶抑制剂(即伊立替康)、内质网应激诱导剂(即塞来考昔、二甲基-塞来考昔)、硼放射致敏剂(即万珂)。
8.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述治疗剂为化疗剂或治疗性抗体。
9.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述治疗剂为替莫唑胺或二甲基塞来考昔。
10.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的组合物,所述组合物被配制为用于儿科给药的剂型。
11.权利要求1至10中任一项所述的组合物在制备用于通过将药物给药于细胞、组织或器官治疗疾病的药物中的应用。
12.如权利要求11所述的应用,其中,所述细胞为全身性癌症细胞、原发性中枢神经系统(CNS)肿瘤细胞(胶质瘤、脑膜瘤、垂体腺瘤)、全身性癌症的CNS转移癌症细胞、肺癌细胞、前列腺癌细胞、乳腺癌细胞、造血癌症细胞、肺癌细胞或卵巢癌细胞中的一种或一种以上。
13.如权利要求11或12所述的应用,其中,所述给药在体外或体内进行。
14.有效量的权利要求1至10中任一项所述的组合物在制备用于通过将药物给药于人类患者治疗所述人类患者中的疾病的药物中的应用。
15.如权利要求14所述的应用,其中,所述疾病为全身性癌症、原发性中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病(胶质瘤、脑膜瘤、垂体腺瘤)、全身性癌症的CNS转移癌症、肺癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、造血癌症或卵巢癌中的一种或一种以上。
16.如权利要求11至15中任一项所述的应用,其中,所述药物通过鼻内给药、吸入给药或眼部给药中的一种或一种以上给药方式给药。
17.权利要求1至10中任一项所述的组合物在制备用于通过将药物以吸入给药、鼻内给药或眼部给药中的一种或一种以上给药方式给药于患者治疗影响人类患者的中枢神经系统的疾病的药物中的应用。
18.如权利要求17所述的应用,其中,所述疾病为原发性中枢神经系统(CNS)肿瘤或全身性癌症的CNS转移。
19.如权利要求18所述的应用,其中,所述全身性癌症为肺癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、造血癌症或卵巢癌中的一种或一种以上。
20.一种试剂盒,所述试剂盒包含权利要求1至10中任一项所述的组合物、所述组合物的给药装置以及使用说明书。
21.一种用于确定治疗剂是否为潜在的候选药物的方法,所述方法包括使有效量的权利要求1至10中任一项所述的组合物与第一细胞样品在体外接触,以及使一定量的所述治疗剂与第二细胞样品接触,从而,确定第一细胞样品和第二细胞样品的生长是否受到抑制,其中,如果所述第二样品的生长与第一样品大体相同或大于第一样品,则所述治疗剂为用于治疗的潜在药物。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法,其中,所述样品包括全身性癌症细胞、原发性中枢神经系统(CNS)肿瘤细胞(胶质瘤、脑膜瘤、垂体腺瘤)、全身性癌症的CNS转移癌症细胞、肺癌细胞、前列腺癌细胞、乳腺癌细胞、造血癌症细胞、肺癌细胞或卵巢癌细胞。
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2012
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2016
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US20100226913A1 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
US20160220509A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
EP2393488B1 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
US8236862B2 (en) | 2012-08-07 |
EP2393488A1 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
US20180147156A1 (en) | 2018-05-31 |
US10342765B2 (en) | 2019-07-09 |
WO2010091198A1 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
CN102405044A (zh) | 2012-04-04 |
US20120219541A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
EP3620154A1 (en) | 2020-03-11 |
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