CN104513903A - Metal production system and method - Google Patents
Metal production system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104513903A CN104513903A CN201310524307.7A CN201310524307A CN104513903A CN 104513903 A CN104513903 A CN 104513903A CN 201310524307 A CN201310524307 A CN 201310524307A CN 104513903 A CN104513903 A CN 104513903A
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 54
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details specially adapted for crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/20—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/20—Automatic control or regulation of cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/005—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells of cells for the electrolysis of melts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/02—Crucible or pot furnaces with tilting or rocking arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0028—Regulation
- F27D2019/0034—Regulation through control of a heating quantity such as fuel, oxidant or intensity of current
- F27D2019/0037—Quantity of electric current
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0028—Regulation
- F27D2019/0056—Regulation involving cooling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
A metal smelting system includes a potline, a cooling system, and a control system arranged to control together both the cooling system and the electric current and/or power input to electrolyctic reduction in the potline including reduce or terminate the flow of cooling fluid and reduce electric current and/or power input to a relative minimum in an insulating mode of the cooling system during periods of lower metal demand (without requiring shutting down of the potline) and/or higher electrical power demand. Amethod of controlling a metal smelting system and power grid system are also claimed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heat exchanger.The present invention especially but be not must relate to the heat exchanger used in the cooling of the smelting furnace of metallurgical works exclusively.Comprehensible heat exchanger also can be used in other application large-scale.
Background technology
In metallurgical works and especially in aluminum smelting technology factory, smeltery comprises multiple electrolyzer or smelting furnace, and they are each has housing, and ionogen and molten metal are contained in described housing.Aluminium is produced by electrolytic process and electrolytical temperature can reach the temperature of about 1000 DEG C.This causes the quite high temperature on the housing of each electrolyzer.So the temperature that must reduce these housings avoids corrosion and bust with protective housing.
In the past, this realizes by cooling fluid, such as air being directed on housing in the position overheated.This needs very a large amount of pressurized air, very poor efficiencys and brings noise and dust hazard for operator.And air can only be applied to the overheated Part portions of smelting furnace housing in like fashion.The case temperature of major part smelting furnace is not cooled by these means and does not produce smeltery's overall benefit.
In another development No. the 6th, 251,237, the United States Patent (USP) of people (Bos etc.), the permanent plumbing installation of the integral part as each housing is proposed.This not only must have complicated tubing system, and needs the pressure of the fluid of certain form to drive.
In addition, in order to revise smeltery to cool them, must may first stop each smelting furnace in some cases.This is disadvantageous economically, and any stoppage time of smeltery is reason have disadvantageous economic consequences.More importantly, when smelting furnace shutdown stops any considerable time, electrolyte coagulation, causes must performing large operation of starting to restart smelting furnace.
Summary of the invention
According to a first aspect of the invention, provide a kind of heat exchanger, it comprises:
Pipeline, for relative to will cooling body delivery cooling fluid; And
The heat-transfer arrangement be communicated with the inside of pipeline, heat-transfer arrangement is limitation unit together with pipeline, described assembly can be close to main body to be cooled and install, in use, because cooling fluid is relative to the motion of main body and the heat-transfer arrangement relative to assembly, there is convective heat exchange, and main body and assembly heat-transfer arrangement at least partially between there is radiant exchange.
Preferably, assembly is formed with portion's section, and described portion section can become end-to-end relation to arrange with the pipeline forming passage, and cooling fluid flows through described passage due to class airflow stack effect.When this layout, do not need the moving portion of heat exchanger and due to temperature head with by the fluid flowing of assembly, heat exchange occur.At least heat-transfer arrangement has heat-sink material and can be that unlicensed tour guide manages." unlicensed tour guide's pipe " is understood to have high endothermic character, Low emissivity heat-reflective and can be the conduit of metal.In order to strengthen the heat absorption capacity of assembly, metal tubing can be coated with heat absorbing coating, such as black, heat-absorbing paint.
In order to promote ducted fluid and pipeline self further main body between heat exchange, the operated interior region of pipeline can comprise heat exchange element.Heat exchange element can be that the form of heat transmission medium is to realize the increase convective heat exchange between the cooling fluid in pipeline and pipeline.
The control of being flowed by the fluid of pipeline can be realized by means of being arranged in ducted controlling elements.Such as, heat exchanger can comprise layout in the duct for controlling one or more deoscillators of the flowing of the fluid by pipeline.
In the first embodiment of the present invention, heat-transfer arrangement can comprise the multiple fins be arranged on the outside surface of pipeline.Space between adjacent fins can be used as radiant heat collection unit with the radiant heat transmission between help agent and assembly.Fin can flatly be arranged and interval vertically.Alternatively, fin can be arranged and flatly interval vertically, in use, provides the surface-area of increase with realization body, convective heat exchange between cooling fluid and assembly in both cases.
In smeltery, electric power is supplied to smeltery by bus.In the first embodiment of the present invention, heat exchanger can comprise and being in use operationally arranged under assembly for cooling fluid being deflected into the inflector with body contact to be cooled.Inflector can in the V-arrangement be arranged on bus (when observing end) form of deflector plate.Deflector plate may be used for fluid deflector to contact to the wall of main body.The convective heating of fluid promote fluid along main body side flow to component touch.Hole can be defined in the wall of pipeline in the centre of fin, makes to attracted to the inside of pipeline to be contained in wherein by the fluid of main body convective heating.
Be placed in position relative to main body to be cooled for the ease of assembly, each section of assembly can be arranged on roller, and described roller is supported on again on deflector plate.
Heat exchanger can comprise and being operationally arranged on pipeline for the fluid collection element suppressing to pass through through the effusion of air or the bypass of heating.Fluid collection element can comprise and is arranged on cover on assembly or cover plate, and described cover or cover plate also covering component, in order to avoid dust leakage, otherwise may pollute heat exchanger.
Pipeline can towards its downstream end outward taper to promote class airflow stack effect and to be drawn in each section of pipeline by the Uniform Flow of cooling fluid.The downstream end of pipeline is connected to the fluid withdrawal device that heat exchanger is contained in smelting furnace wherein or structure.Such as, when aluminum smelting technology factory, the downstream end of conduit can be connected to the extraction fan of smeltery to provide power-assisted, the natural convection flowing of the fluid by pipeline.With the moving phase ratio obtained from pure natural airflow stack effect in another manner, the fluid flowed in the duct then can with larger flowing convectively cooling duct.
In some design of smeltery, the space between adjacent cell or smelting furnace is limited due to multiple standpipe, and described standpipe is used in the subsequent baths or smelting furnace brought into flowing in pipeline.In a heat exchanger, according to the modification of the first embodiment of the present invention, in order to use in such smeltery, pipeline can be positioned at the level place of the base plate grid on the bus being arranged in smelting furnace or replace base plate grid.
If needed, heat absorption annex is installed to pipeline, is arranged on the downside of pipeline or is arranged in base plate grid.Annex can adopt the form of the radiant heat capturing element of the form in lens.Lens can with the radiant heat transmission of help from wall to pipeline on the radiant heat " focusings " to pipeline of the in the future wall of self-thermo furnace.Alternatively, annex the form in one or more vertical plate can arrive the convection heat flowing then flowing to ducted air for increase.
In the second embodiment of the present invention, heat-transfer arrangement can comprise the multiple intervals conduit being connected to pipeline by manifold, and conduit is arranged along each manifold with interval pitch.
Each conduit can be the form of roughly channel-like portion section, and in use the wall location of contiguous main body is to form the passage that cooling fluid can pass.The entrance of each conduit is configured as and reduces to enter with cooling fluid the pressure drop associated in conduit.In addition, conduit can be connected to manifold via outlet.Each conduit can limit sub-outlet and flow to provide natural convection to allow when there is not auxiliary flow some cooling fluids to escape into air.
Alternatively, the form of pipe that can put in the wall cloth of contiguous main body to be cooled of each conduit.Each pipe can be general rectangular on cross section, has high aspect ratio." width " of pipe can be the size of the pipe of the longitudinal center line being parallel to manifold, and " degree of depth " of pipe can be perpendicular to the size of the pipe of the longitudinal center line of manifold.Therefore, the high aspect ratio of pipe represents that the width of pipe is significantly less than the degree of depth of pipe.Like this, the space between adjacent tubes can be used as thermal radiation collection portion to help radiant heat transmission.
A part for each pipe of contiguous main body can limit at least one hole, the heat trnasfer with the thermal boundary layer owing to reducing between reinforced pipe and main body.Hole can be the groove that the longitudinal center line being parallel to pipe extends, and groove is restricted to being adjacent in the comparatively shortwall of the wall of main body of in use groove.
In this embodiment of the invention, heat exchanger can comprise protective element, avoid coming the radiant heat transmission of autonomous agent for those parts of protecting the structure that main body to be cooled is positioned at wherein, those parts described are arranged in the side relative with main body of protective element.Protective element can be the form of protective shield, and it limits raceway groove together with the wall of main body, and cooling fluid can through described raceway groove to help the natural convection heat trnasfer from the wall of main body to those parts of the heat-transfer arrangement be arranged in raceway groove.
The rising part of each conduit can be arranged and make in channels, by radiation with by convection current, the heat trnasfer from main body to pipe occurs.Due to the use of extraction fan, in heat exchanger, produce area of low pressure flow to cause the fluid in heat exchanger.The convective heat transfer that therefore can realize between the fluid in heat exchanger due to the auxiliary fluid flowing by heat exchanger.
In a kind of form of this embodiment, each conduit band crank downstream area that can have via conduit enters the vertical portion section of its manifold.Cooling fluid can enter vertical portion section to be directed in manifold thus to realize convective heat transfer.
In another form of this embodiment, each conduit can have the horizontal upstream portion leading to the vertical portion be arranged between protective shield and main body.The transition portion vertically and between horizontal component of pipe can cause flow disturbance to suppress the accumulation of heat and hydrodynamic force frictional belt to strengthen heat trnasfer.The length of the vertical portion of each pipe can be shorter, to suppress the accumulation of heat and hydrodynamic force frictional belt further.
In addition, each section of heat-transfer arrangement can comprise multiple unit, each unit comprises the manifold with its association conduit, manifold is stacking vertically, and the conduit of upper unit is staggered to strengthen heat trnasfer with the conduit of the lower unit of the short length of the vertical portion of the conduit of the wall provided in the face of main body.
The inside of each conduit can increase parts to strengthen at least one in convective heat transfer rate and radiant heat transport by load-bearing surface.Parts can be selected from the group be made up of fin, eddy current initiation element and aforesaid combination.Alternatively or additionally, parts can comprise apertured member, such as porous medium.
According to a second aspect of the invention, a kind of heat exchanger is provided, it comprises at least one conduit contiguous main body to be cooled placed, due to the radiant heat transmission between main body and at least one conduit with owing to arriving from main body and absorbing the convective heat transfer of the fluid of heat from least one conduit and the heat exchange that occurs between main body and at least one conduit.
According to a third aspect of the invention we, provide a kind of method of cools body, it comprises:
The heat-transfer arrangement that contiguous main body installs heat exchanger assemblies make to occur main body and heat-transfer arrangement at least partially between radiant exchange, assembly comprises the pipeline of heat-sink material; And
Guide cooling fluid to contact with heat-transfer arrangement through main body and enter in pipeline and make to occur fluid, convective heat exchange between main body and heat-transfer arrangement.
Method can comprise the convection flow of the fluid helped by heat-transfer arrangement and pipeline.Therefore, method can comprise by producing area of low pressure in the passage of pipeline, such as realizing help by the extraction fan downstream end of passage being connected to the device that heat exchanger is arranged on wherein.
This can comprise with portion's section formation heat exchanger assemblies and become end-to-end relation layout portion section with the pipeline forming passage, and fluid flows through described passage due to class airflow stack effect.
In addition, method can comprise and is included in ducted heat exchange element and the increase convective heat exchange realized between pipeline and ducted fluid by making fluid cross.
In addition, method can comprise by means of be arranged in ducted controlling elements control flowed by the fluid of pipeline.
In a first embodiment, heat exchanger can comprise and is arranged in multiple fin on the outside surface of pipeline and method can comprise and makes fluid by the space between adjacent fins, and space is used as radiant heat collector with the radiant heat transmission between help agent and assembly.
Method can comprise and to be arranged on by assembly between multiple main bodys to be cooled and by fluid deflector to contacting with the wall of main body and by being defined in hole in the wall of pipeline in the centre of fin fluid being attracted to the inside of pipeline.
Method also can comprise fluid collection element being operable is arranged on pipeline and is passed through through the effusion of air of heating or bypass for suppressing.
Further, method can comprise the downstream end of pipeline is connected to fluid withdrawal device.
In the modification of this embodiment, method can comprise the base plate targeted duct that contiguous main body is included in structure wherein.Method can comprise heat absorption annex is installed to pipeline.
In a second embodiment, method can comprise installs multiple conduits of heat-transfer arrangement along main body with the wall of interval pitch, contiguous main body, and passes through at least one manifold by multiple tubes connection to pipeline.In addition, the method entrance that can comprise each conduit that is shaped is to reduce and cooling fluid enters the pressure drop that conduit associates.In addition, method can comprise the outlet of conduit is connected to manifold.And method can comprise when there is not auxiliary flow by allowing some cooling fluids escape into air by the sub-outlet be defined in each conduit and provide natural convection to flow.
Method can comprise by making fluid strengthen the heat trnasfer the conduit of the form in pipe and main body through the hole in the wall being defined in pipe.
Method can comprise installs with spaced relationship protective element avoids coming autonomous agent radiant heat transmission for those parts of structure that protection main body to be cooled is positioned at wherein relative to the wall of main body, and those parts described are arranged in the side of the protective element relative with main body.Then, method can comprise and makes fluid through the raceway groove be defined in protective element and the wall of main body to help natural convection heat trnasfer from the wall of main body to those parts of the heat-transfer arrangement be arranged in raceway groove.
Method can comprise and to be arranged so that by the rising part of each conduit in raceway groove, by radiation with by convection current, the heat trnasfer from main body to conduit occurs.Due to the use of extraction fan, in heat exchanger, produce area of low pressure flow to cause the fluid in heat exchanger.So the convective heat transfer between fluid in heat exchanger can realize due to the auxiliary fluid flowing by heat exchanger.
Method can comprise by fluid is crossed be arranged in the surface in the inside of conduit to increase parts strengthen in convective heat transfer rate and radiant heat transport at least one.
The present invention broadly can be said to be and comprise a kind of Metal smelting system in another aspect, and it comprises:
Smelting furnace, at high temperature produces metal by electrolytic reduction process in described smelting furnace,
According to the smelting furnace heat exchanger of the contiguous smelting furnace of any one in aforementioned aspect; And
Controlling System, described Controlling System is arranged to the electric current and/or the power input that control heat exchanger and electrolytic reduction process simultaneously, at least reduces the flowing of cooling fluid and electric current and/or power input are reduced to relative minimum under being included in the adiabatic model of heat exchanger.
Preferably, Controlling System is arranged to the flowing stopping cooling fluid under the adiabatic model of heat exchanger.
Preferably, Controlling System is arranged to the electric current and/or the power input that control heat exchanger and electrolytic reduction process between modes simultaneously:
Max model, wherein heat exchanger is with higher or maximum cooling operation, and
Described adiabatic model, wherein the heat exchanger of contiguous smelting furnace is used as thermal insulator to reduce the heat dissipation from smelting furnace.
Preferably, Controlling System operates electric current and/or the power input of heat exchanger and electrolytic reduction process under being arranged to centre also between max model and adiabatic model and/or minimal mode, wherein heat exchanger with middle or minimum cooling operation and electric current and/or power input mediate and/or minimum level.
Preferably, Controlling System is arranged to the electric current and/or the power input that dynamically regulate heat exchanger and electrolytic reduction process simultaneously.
Preferably Controlling System is also arranged to:
Receive the input data of the one or more combination in the price of instruction metal, the cost producing the electric power needed for metal and energy kinetics,
Response input data regulate one or more control thed associate with electrolytic reduction process or heat exchanger to arrange, and
According to the control setting operation heat exchanger through regulating and electrolytic reduction process.
Preferably, Controlling System is configured to:
Under adiabatic model, reduce the electric current of electrolytic reduction process and/or power input when one or more any combination in the instruction of input data lower metal price, higher power price and/or the higher energy demand that receive and operate heat exchanger, and/or
When the input data instruction higher metal price received, lower power price and/or compared with increasing the electric current of electrolytic reduction process and/or power input during one or more any combination in low energy demand and operate heat exchanger under max model.
Broadly, the present invention includes a kind of Metal smelting system on the other hand, it comprises:
Electrolyzer or pot line, at high temperature produce metal by electrolytic reduction process in described electrolyzer or pot line,
Cooling system, described cooling system is arranged to cooling fluid to be transported to electrolyzer or pot line; And
Controlling System, described Controlling System is arranged to electric current and/or the power input of Controlled cooling system and electrolytic reduction process simultaneously, at least reduces the flowing of cooling fluid and electric current and/or power input are reduced to relative minimum under being included in the adiabatic model of cooling system.
Controlling System is arranged to the flowing stopping cooling fluid under the adiabatic model of cooling system at least some embodiments.
The present invention also comprises regulating electrolytic tank chemical property and input feeding rate at least some embodiments.
In at least preferred embodiment, Controlling System is arranged to the electric power input of Controlled cooling system and electrolytic reduction process simultaneously between modes:
Max model, wherein cooling system is with higher or maximum cooling operation, and
Described adiabatic model, wherein the cooling system of contiguous pot line is used as thermal insulator to reduce the heat dissipation from pot line.
The air with lower flow rate such as under adiabatic model in cooling system or still air can be used as thermal insulator.
Preferably Controlling System operates electric current and/or the power input of cooling system and electrolytic reduction process under being arranged to centre also between max model and adiabatic model and/or minimal mode, wherein cooling system with middle or minimum cooling operation and electric current and/or power input mediate and/or minimum level.
Preferably Controlling System is arranged to the electric current and/or the power input that dynamically regulate heat exchanger and electrolytic reduction process simultaneously.
In a preferred embodiment, Controlling System is also arranged to:
Receive the input data of the one or more combination in the price of instruction metal, the cost producing the electric power needed for metal and energy kinetics performance,
Response input data regulate one or more control thed associate with electrolytic reduction process or cooling system to arrange, and
According to the control setting operation cooling system through regulating and electrolytic reduction process.
Preferably control electric current and/or power input setting that setting comprises electrolytic reduction process.
Preferably Controlling System is also arranged to arrange according to the electric power input through regulating between the working life of electrolytic reduction process unnecessary input electric power is discharged into electrical network.
Preferably control operator scheme and/or flow rate setting that setting comprises cooling system.
Preferably control to arrange also to comprise the bath chemistry associated with electrolytic reduction process and arrange.
Control to arrange can also comprise the electrode separation associated with electrolytic reduction process and arrange.
Preferably, energy kinetics comprises the information relevant to following any combination: by electricity needs or the emergency Grid state of the electric power supplied with the electrical network of Metal smelting system relationship or the population associated with electrical network.
Preferably, Controlling System is also configured to the input data receiving instruction state in season, such as Changes in weather.
Preferably Controlling System is configured to:
Under adiabatic model, reduce the electric current of electrolytic reduction process and/or power input when one or more any combination in the instruction of input data lower metal price, higher power price and/or the higher energy demand that receive and operate cooling system, and/or
When the input data instruction higher metal price received, lower power price and/or compared with increasing the electric current of electrolytic reduction process and/or power input during one or more any combination in low energy demand and operate cooling system under max model.
Broadly the present invention includes a kind of Metal smelting method in second aspect, it is included in electrolyzer or pot line and at high temperature by electrolytic reduction process, metallic ore is reduced to metal, method is included in and cooling fluid is transported under maximum output function pattern electrolyzer or pot line and the maximum current and/or the power input that provide electrolytic reduction process, and under minimum output function pattern, reduce cooling fluid make the fluid in cooling system be used as thermal insulator with the heat dissipation reduced from electrolyzer or pot line electric current and/or power input are reduced to relative minimum.
Broadly the present invention includes a kind of method controlling Metal smelting system in another aspect, described Metal smelting system comprises electrolyzer or pot line and cooling system, at high temperature metal is produced by electrolytic reduction process in described electrolyzer or pot line, described cooling system is arranged to cooling fluid to be transported to electrolyzer or pot line, and method comprises the following steps:
Receive the input data of the one or more combination in the price of instruction metal, the cost producing the electric power needed for metal and energy kinetics, and
Response input data regulate one or more control thed associate with electrolytic reduction process or cooling system to arrange.
The control preferably associated with electrolytic reduction process arranges the electric current that comprises electrolytic reduction process and/or power inputs.
The control preferably associated with cooling system arranges the operator scheme comprising cooling system.
Preferably method also comprises the step of the expected rate from input data determination Metal Production, and regulates one or more step controlling to arrange based on the expected rate of Metal Production.
Preferably when being minimum production speed by the expectation throughput rate determined, regulate step comprise by the control of cooling system arrange be adjusted to adiabatic model, wherein the flowing of cooling fluid is reduced to relative minimum or termination, and electric current and/or power input are adjusted to relative minimum.
Preferably when being largest production speed by the expectation throughput rate determined, regulate step comprise by the control of cooling system arrange be adjusted to maximum cooling mode, wherein the flowing of cooling fluid is in maximum value, and electric current and/or power input are adjusted to relative maximum.
The present invention can broadly be said to be the electrolyzer comprising a kind of Metal smelting system in another aspect, at high temperature metal is produced by electrolytic reduction process in described electrolyzer, design of electrolysis cells has the scope of heat trnasfer kinetics and throughput capacity, wherein the scope of throughput capacity comprises and the shell-type exchangers of electrolyzer thermal insulation can be made to keep dynamic (dynamical) subrange by making air pass through, and the thermal insulation of electrolyzer is wherein cancelled by the air-flow of shell-type exchangers, and the scope of throughput capacity comprises shell-type exchangers thus provides the scope of the throughput capacity outside subrange of cooling and shell-type exchangers to provide the scope of the adiabatic throughput capacity outside subrange.
In another aspect, the present invention broadly can be said to be and comprise a kind of Metal smelting system, and it comprises:
Electrolyzer, at high temperature produces metal by electrolytic reduction process in described electrolyzer, and electrolyzer has heat trnasfer kinetics and comprises the scope of the throughput capacity keeping dynamic (dynamical) subrange,
Shell-type exchangers, described shell-type exchangers is operationally connected to electrolyzer and electrolyzer can be made adiabatic, wherein cancelled the thermal insulation of electrolyzer by the air-flow of shell-type exchangers, and the scope of throughput capacity comprises shell-type exchangers for electrolyzer and provides the scope of the throughput capacity of cooling and shell-type exchangers to provide the scope of adiabatic throughput capacity for electrolyzer thus.
In another aspect, the present invention can broadly be said to be comprise a kind of for accumulating electric power and electric power distribution being used for supplying power to the electrical network of the Metal smelting system of association to the population of association, described Metal smelting system comprises electrolyzer or pot line and cooling system, at high temperature metal is produced by electrolytic reduction process in described electrolyzer or pot line, described cooling system is arranged to cooling fluid to be transported to electrolyzer or pot line, and wherein electrical network comprises Controlling System, described Controlling System is arranged to the electric power input of Controlled cooling system and electrolytic reduction process simultaneously with the production of the status adjustment metal of responsive electricity grid.
Preferably, the state of electrical network comprises the energy kinetics associated with electrical network.Energy kinetics such as can comprise the electricity needs of the population of association and available/accumulation electric power.
In the system of the present invention, due to when pot line with maximum current and/or power input operation and the output of metal of producing is maximum time association cooling system also with maxima operation, therefore, such as when the market requirement of metal reduces, the electric current of smeltery and/or power input can reduce and cool to reduce to export to reduce smeltery.Such as, under maximum output, the electric current input of electrolytic process in the scope of 230-250kA, can operate with maximum capacity at this operant level cooling system.When cooling system operates with minimum ability or cuts out under above-mentioned adiabatic model, then the electric current input of electrolytic reduction process such as can be reduced to 170kA, and this will reduce the speed of electrolytic reduction and Metal Production again significantly, but does not freeze pot line.Therefore the invention provides a kind of Metal smelting system, wherein can reduce significantly to export (and not needing to stop pot line) during the low demand period of the metal produced and/or during the high electrical power requirements period from the electrical network associated with pot line.
When using in this specification, term " pot line " expression operates together with two or more electrolyzers metalliferous raw in Metal smelting system or process in any configuration.
When using in this specification term " comprise " expression " at least comprise ... a part ".When explanation comprises each statement in this specification sheets that term " comprises ", the feature except the feature started with this term also may exist.Such as " comprise " and should be understood with identical implication with the relational language of " containing ".
Accompanying drawing explanation
With reference now to accompanying drawing, exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described, wherein:
Fig. 1 display is according to the schematic end of the heat exchanger of the first form of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 display is according to the schematic three-dimensional end view of the heat exchanger of the second form of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 shows the schematic side elevation of a part for the heat exchanger of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 shows the schematic plan view of a part for the heat exchanger of Fig. 2 and 3;
Fig. 5 display is according to the schematic end of the modification of the heat exchanger of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 display is according to the schematic end of another modification of the heat exchanger of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7-9 shows the 3-D view of heat exchanger according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
The 3-D view of the heat exchanger portion section of the first form of Figure 10 display heat exchanger according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 11 shows the schematic end of portion's section of Figure 10;
The 3-D view of another form of the heat exchanger portion section of Figure 12 display heat exchanger according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 13 shows the 3-D view of a unit of portion's section of Figure 12;
Figure 14 shows the schematic end of portion's section of Figure 12;
The schematic three-dimensional views of a part for the heat-transfer arrangement of Figure 15 display heat exchanger according to still another embodiment of the invention;
Figure 16 shows the schematic cross-sectional orthographic plan of the part of the heat-transfer arrangement of Figure 15;
Figure 17 A-17C shows three modification of the entrance of the part of the heat-transfer arrangement of Figure 15;
Figure 18 A and 18B shows the modification of the outlet of the part of the heat-transfer arrangement of Figure 15;
Figure 19 shows the schematic three dimensional views of the first modification of the part of the heat-transfer arrangement of Figure 15;
Figure 20 shows the schematic cross-sectional orthographic plan of the part of the heat-transfer arrangement of Figure 19;
Figure 21 shows the schematic three-dimensional views of the second modification of the part of the heat-transfer arrangement of Figure 15;
Figure 22 shows the schematic plan view of the part of the heat-transfer arrangement of Figure 21;
Figure 23 shows the schematic three-dimensional views of the 3rd modification of the part of the heat-transfer arrangement of Figure 15;
Figure 24 shows schematic, the cross-sectional plan view of the part of the heat-transfer arrangement of Figure 23;
Figure 25 shows the schematic three-dimensional views of the 4th modification of the part of the heat-transfer arrangement of Figure 15;
Figure 26 shows the schematic cross-sectional orthographic plan of the part of the heat-transfer arrangement of Figure 25;
Figure 27 shows the schematic three-dimensional views of the 5th modification of the part of the heat-transfer arrangement of Figure 15;
Figure 28 shows the schematic cross-sectional orthographic plan of the part of the heat-transfer arrangement of Figure 27;
Figure 29 shows the schematic section side view of another embodiment of a part for the heat-transfer arrangement of heat exchanger;
Figure 30 shows the schematic cross-sectional orthographic plan of the part of the heat-transfer arrangement of Figure 29; And
Figure 31 display is preferred for the schema of Metal Production system of the present invention.
Embodiment
1. heat exchanger
In Fig. 1 to 6 of accompanying drawing, Reference numeral 10 indicates the heat exchanger according to the first embodiment of the present invention substantially.Heat exchanger 10 comprises pipeline 12, described pipeline be in use arranged in form (is schematically shown with 14) in smelting furnace two main bodys to be cooled between.Pipeline 12 limits passage 16.
Heat exchanger unit in the form of multiple spacing fins 18 is attached to the outside surface of pipeline 12.For ease of explaining, the assembly comprising pipeline 12 and fin 18 is called as conduit 20 below.
In figure 1 of the accompanying drawings shown in embodiment in, fin 18 vertically interval and substantially horizontally arrange or become small angle with level.
Conduit 20 has heat-sink material.More particularly, conduit 20 has aluminum and is coated with heat-sink material to strengthen the endothermic character of conduit 20.Such as, conduit 20 is coated with black, heat-absorbing paint.
The passage 16 of the pipeline 12 of conduit 20 is connected at exit end the fluid withdrawal device that smelting furnace 14 is contained in smeltery wherein.More particularly, passage 16 is connected to extraction fan (not shown) to produce area of low pressure in heat exchanger 10 to promote to be flowed by the fluid of passage 16.
Pipeline 12 has schematically with the multiple holes shown in 22, and air can be flow in the passage 16 of conduit 20 by described hole.
Heat exchanger 10 comprises the inflector of the form in the V-arrangement deflector plate 24 be arranged under conduit 20.
Typically, the smelting furnace 14 of smeltery provides electric power by means of bus 26.Deflector plate 24 is arranged on bus 26 and contacts with the sidewall 30 of smelting furnace to be deflected into by the air (schematically illustrating with 28) around deflector plate 24, as will be described in more detail below.
In cover or the fluid collection device of form of cover plate 32 be arranged on conduit 20 to collect air 28 and fin 18 towards conduit 20 guides it.Cover 32 also hides heat exchanger 10 in order to avoid dust enters from top.
Net 34 is arranged on cover 32 and makes any air 28 of overflowing to pass net 34.
As mentioned above, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 of accompanying drawing, fin 18 interval vertically.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 to 4 of accompanying drawing, wherein similar unless otherwise noted Reference numeral represents similar part, and fin 18 is arranged and substantially horizontally interval vertically.
Refer again to Fig. 1 of accompanying drawing, should be noted that conduit 20 is arranged on deflector plate 24 via insulated rollers 36.
Conduit 20 is preferably formed with the position rolled between two smelting furnaces 14 with length or portion's section and becomes end-to-end relation to be fixed with least significant end length or portion's section, and its downstream end is preferably connected to the extraction fan of smeltery via the independent smelting furnace exhaust guide in place for smelting furnace.
In order to promote the flowing of the air of the passage 16 by conduit 20, as shown in arrow 38, passage 16 outwards opens towards its downstream end, as shown in Fig. 3 of accompanying drawing in more detail.And, with reference to Fig. 3 of accompanying drawing, should be noted that deflector plate 24 is arranged on bus 26 so that deflector plate 24 and conduit 20 are located relative to smelting furnace 14 via roller 40.Roller 40 also makes conduit 20 and bus 26 electrical isolation.
With reference now to Fig. 5 and 6 of accompanying drawing, two modification of the first embodiment are shown.Again, with reference to Fig. 1 to 4 of accompanying drawing, unless otherwise noted, similar Reference numeral represents similar part.
In the design of some smeltery, multiple edge-on pipe is used in the subsequent baths or smelting furnace taken to flowing in pipeline.Due to these standpipes, the space of installing conduit 20 is very limited.
In such smeltery, under the floor level of busbar arrangement electric power being supplied to smelting furnace 14 below grid or floor.
In two modification of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 5 and 6 of accompanying drawing, the existing grid of each smelting furnace replaces with new grid 46, and the conduit 20 of heat exchanger 10 is arranged in the plane of grid 46.
Can predict, use this layout, the heat trnasfer between the outer wall 30 of smelting furnace 14 and conduit 20 can convectively occur and without any need for other heat-transfer arrangement.
But in the modification shown in Fig. 5 of accompanying drawing, in order to promote the radiant exchange between the wall 30 of smelting furnace 14 and conduit 20, in lens, the annex of form of 48 is arranged on conduit 20.Lens 48 promote that the radiant heat caught from the wall 30 of smelting furnace 14 is discharged into the passage 16 of the pipeline 12 of conduit 20.
In the modification shown in Fig. 6 of accompanying drawing, tabular annex 50 is attached to conduit 12 to promote that the convection heat of the wall 30 carrying out self-thermo furnace 14 flows in the passage 16 of the pipeline 12 of conduit 20.
In use, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 to 4 of accompanying drawing, portion's section of the conduit 20 of heat exchanger 10 becomes end-to-end, annexation is arranged between two smelting furnaces 14 to be cooled.The downstream end of the passage 16 of conduit 20 is connected to the extraction fan of smeltery.This produces the area of low pressure in passage and promotes that air flowing passes through passage 16, as shown in arrow 38.So produce class airflow stack effect in the passage 16 of conduit 20.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 and 6 of accompanying drawing, portion's section of the conduit 20 of new grid 46 and heat exchanger 10 is positioned to replace original grid.Portion's section of conduit 20 becomes end-to-end relation to link together along the length of each smelting furnace 14 to be cooled.The downstream end of the passage 16 of conduit is connected to the extraction fan of smeltery to produce the air-flow by the passage 16 of conduit 20, like this equally about other embodiment.
Freezing air from the bottom (not shown) of smeltery flows between smelting furnace 14, as shown in arrow 28, until its clashes into deflector plate 24, wherein it is forced to the wall 30 be separated into each smelting furnace 14 to be cooled and clashes into.This is assisted by fan, nature, the convective heat flow movable property raw food first step but.
Because extraction fan attracts air by the passage 16 of conduit 20, therefore in passage 16, produce area of low pressure compared with the outside of conduit 20.Therefore, the air heated by the wall 30 of smelting furnace 14 upwards accelerates along furnace wall 30 and is attracted in passage 16 by the hole 22 of pipeline 12, as shown in arrow 42.
Enter the inside of pipeline 12 of conduit 20 at air before, air has to pass through between fin 18 or between tabular annex 50 or by radiation lens 48, depends on the circumstances.These objects 18,48,50 absorb the radiant heat launched from the wall 30 of smelting furnace 14, such as, as shown in the arrow 44 in Fig. 4 of accompanying drawing.In addition, related item 18,48 or 50 is used as the scatterer of pipeline 12 self.The air clashing into object 18,48,50 convectively cools them in the second stage of heat trnasfer.
When air enters the passage 16 of pipeline 12 of conduit 20, it is contained in ventilation plant and exit end towards passage 16 is attracted.When it is through passage 16, convection of air ground cooling duct 12.In order to strengthen the cooling of the pipeline 12 of conduit 20, the inside of pipeline 12 has the heat trnasfer net 46 be contained in wherein, or other heat transmission medium, as shown in figure 1 of the drawings.This strengthen further conduit 20 and through passage 16 air heat trnasfer to realize the cooling of conduit 20 and the enough thermal gradients between the wall 30 keeping conduit 20 and smelting furnace 14, radiant exchange can be occurred between the wall 30 of smelting furnace 14 and the conduit 20 of heat exchanger 10.
With reference to Fig. 7 to 14 of accompanying drawing, illustrate and describe the second embodiment of heat exchanger 10.With reference to previous accompanying drawing, unless otherwise noted, similar Reference numeral represents similar part.In the example shown in Fig. 7 of accompanying drawing, heat exchanger 10 comprises two rows 60 of heat exchanger portion section 62.Heat exchanger portion section 62 is connected to the pipeline 12 limiting passage 16 via conduit branch 64 and guide coupling 66.In the form shown in Fig. 7 of accompanying drawing, pipeline 12 remain on bottom level and outside the work area of the operator of smelting furnace smelting furnace building outside leave.Therefore, in heat exchanger 10, the air of heating is discharged by the passage 16 of pipeline 12, as shown in arrow 68.
With reference to Fig. 8 of accompanying drawing, again, heat exchanger 10 is made up of two rows 60 of heat exchanger portion section 62.In this embodiment, each row 60 is divided into two parts and has two flues 70, has a flue in each end of row 60, and the air through heating passes through on described air flue emission to the work area of operator.
Similarly, in the form of the heat exchanger shown in Fig. 9 of accompanying drawing, row 60 is divided into two parts to have the flue 70 in each end, and air is by described air flue emission, as shown in arrow 68.It should be noted that the conduit 20 in the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 and 6 can be connected to the environment delivery of similar flue 70 away from worker by the air of heating.
So when two kinds of forms of Fig. 8 and 9, in heat exchanger 10, the region of air on the work area of operator of heating is discharged.In all three kinds of forms, operator is exposed to the thermal stresses produced from the operation of heat exchanger 10 and is reduced.
With reference to Figure 10 and 11 of accompanying drawing, in portion's section 62 of the heat exchanger 10 of the first form is according to a second embodiment of the present invention described in more detail.
In this embodiment of the invention, each the section 62 of heat exchanger 10 comprises the heat-transfer arrangement of the form in multiple spacer tube 72.Pipe 72 is connected to manifold 74.The pipe 72 of each section 62 is connected to conduit branch 64 by manifold 74, and described conduit branch is connected to pipeline 12 via junctor 66 again.
Each pipe 72 has high aspect ratio (as limited).In like fashion, the space between adjacent tubes is used as the thermal radiation collection portion helping radiant heat transmittance process.
Each pipe 72 has vertically or rising part 76 and be connected to its manifold 74 via curved part 78.
The vertical portion 76 of each pipe 72 is contained in after protective shield 80.The wall 30 that protective shield 80 is roughly parallel to smelting furnace 14 is arranged to produce raceway groove 82, and in described raceway groove, cooling air 28 rises due to natural convection flowing.If the forced draft in the passage 16 of pipeline 12 is out of order due to any reason, this natural convection heat flow then in raceway groove 82 helps the cooling of smelting furnace 14 and can be useful, and the assist air that time durations is increased in the passage 16 of the pipeline 12 to start heat exchanger 10 flows.
It should be noted that the wall 30 that pipe 72 is close to smelting furnace 14 is located.The heat trnasfer of the wall 30 of radiation and natural convection interface self-thermo furnace 14 in future is to heat exchanger tube 72.These heat exchanger tubes 72 have high heat conductance and absorb the high level heat of the wall 30 of self-thermo furnace 14.As mentioned above, the high aspect ratio of heat exchanger tube 72 provides the space between adjacent tubes 72, and space is used as the thermal radiation collection portion helping radiant heat transmittance process.In addition, the natural convection carrying out the wall 30 of self-thermo furnace 14 by some heat trnasfer in heat exchanger tube 72.
As mentioned above, the downstream end of pipeline 12 is connected to the extraction fan of smelting furnace building, and fan produces area of low pressure in passage 16.Also in all parts of the heat exchanger 10 of the upstream of passage 16, area of low pressure is produced by understanding this.Therefore, cooling air 28 attracted in pipe 72, as shown in figure 11 of the drawings.Replace the downstream end of pipeline 12 to be connected to the extraction fan of building, one or more separate fan can be provided, and is only used to the fluid extracting automatic heat-exchanger 10.The downstream end of pipeline 12 alternatively can be connected to the outside chimney of thermal drivers, and described chimney uses " airflow stack effect " to provide area of low pressure to promote the air flowing by pipeline 12.
This cooling air 28 is moving vertically by the heat exchanger tube 72 of wall 30 radiation heating of smelting furnace 14.Heat is delivered to flowing air in pipe 72 via forced convection from heat exchanger tube 72.The speed of the air in heat exchanger 10 makes to cause the two-forty from the surface of heat exchanger tube 72 to the heat trnasfer of flowing air 28 pipe 72.
In order to help this heat trnasfer, the internal surface of each of pipe 72 can comprise extensional surface feature (not shown), such as porous medium to increase heet transfer rate.
The air 28 leaving pipe 72 runs into the bending area 78 of each pipe 72.This bending area 78 helps to destroy heat and hydrodynamic force frictional belt, and the destruction in frictional belt helps to promote from pipe 72 to the convective heat transfer of air 28.
With reference to Figure 12-14 of accompanying drawing, another form of the second embodiment of heat exchanger 10 is described.Each heat exchanger portion section 62 comprises multiple unit 84, shows in described unit in Figure 13 of accompanying drawing in greater detail.Multiple heat exchanger tubes 72 that each unit 84 comprises manifold 74 and arranges with interval pitch along the length of manifold 74.
In this form of the second embodiment, each pipe 72 has the horizontal upstream portion section 86 be fed in vertical portion 88, and described vertical portion was fed into again in curved part 90 before entering manifold 74.
As shown in Figure 14 of accompanying drawing more clearly, the vertical portion 88 of each pipe 72 remains in the raceway groove 82 between the wall 30 of smelting furnace 14 and protective shield 80.
In addition, in this embodiment, the pipe 72 of the manifold 74 of unit 84 is stacked into the pipe 72 making upper unit 84 horizontal component 86 and lower unit with vertical spacing relation interlocks, and the horizontal component 86 of pipe 74 is arranged under the manifold 74 of lower unit 84.
Manifold 74 is connected to the downstream manifold 92 with exit passageway 94, and described exit passageway is connected to conduit branch 64, and is connected to pipeline 12 via guide coupling 66.
In this form of the second embodiment of heat exchanger 10, air 28 attracted in the horizontal component of pipe 86 due to the forced-flow in the passage 16 of pipeline 12.Air 28 crosses the vertical portion 88 of each of pipe 72.The change of air-flow direction strengthens heat trnasfer by the disturbance in heat and hydrodynamic force frictional belt.In addition, vertical length 88 is shorter than the total length of pipe 72.This accumulation by the heat in the vertical portion 88 of killer tube 72 and hydrodynamic force frictional belt and strengthen heat trnasfer further.
With reference now to Figure 15 to 28, the another modification of the second embodiment of heat exchanger 10 is described.Again, with reference to previous accompanying drawing, unless otherwise noted, similar Reference numeral represents similar part.
In this modification of the second embodiment of the present invention, each the section 62 of the heat-transfer arrangement of heat exchanger 10 comprises at least one channel shape conduit 100(with the flange 102 that stretches out for a pair and shows one of them).These flanges 102 are in use placed, as shown in Figure 15 and 16 of accompanying drawing against the outside surface of the wall 30 of smelting furnace 14 to be cooled.When doing like this, form path 10 4.Cooling fluid or air are in the direction of the arrow 106 through passage.
In order to promote the heat exchange between the wall 30 of smelting furnace 14 and conduit 100, the internal surface of conduit 100 is produced and coated with providing high emissivity surface thus promoting from the heat absorption of furnace wall 30.Typically, conduit 100 has suitable metal and is coated with black heat-absorbing paint to promote heat trnasfer.
Radiant exchange occurs in furnace wall 30 and especially and between the wall 108 of the heat exchanger conduit 100 at furnace wall 30 interval.Convective heat exchange is because air is by path 10 4, by outlet 110(Figure 18 A and 18B) and enter manifold 74(not display in Figure 15 to 28) and occur.As mentioned above, to attracted in the passage 16 of pipeline 12 from the air of manifold so that the structure be arranged in wherein from smelting furnace 14 is discharged.Again, by the exit end of pipeline 12 is connected to suitable extraction fan, convective heat exchange occurs due to the auxiliary flow of the air by conduit 100, manifold 74 and pipeline 12.Additionally, natural convection flowing is strengthened due to the class airflow stack effect produced by flue 70.
The entrance 112 of each conduit 100 can be square, as shown in Figure 17 A of accompanying drawing.Alternatively, entrance 112 can be shaped as (as shown in Figure 17 B with 17C of accompanying drawing) and reduces and enter the pressure drop associated in conduit 100.For the straight edge entrance 112 of standard, as as shown in the accompanying drawing 17A of accompanying drawing, pressure drop coefficient is 1, but can be reduced to for the fillet of ratio or angulation entrance (as shown in Figure 17 B and 17C) with entry radius and the hydraulic diameter being greater than 0.2 and be less than 0.1.
The requirement of entrance shape is depended on provides the cost of the forced-flow by conduit 100, by the optimum between the speed of the air of the path 10 4 of each conduit 100 and the additional cost providing specified shape.
The list outlet 110 of each conduit 100 can be provided to make all cooling airs enter manifold 74, as shown in Figure 18 A of accompanying drawing for being connected to manifold 74.Alternatively, as shown in Figure 18 B of accompanying drawing, sub-outlet 114 can be provided, and a part for cooling air flows through described sub-outlet, as indicated by arrow 116.When being stopped due to any reason by the forced convection flowing of conduit 100 due to certain reason, this fraction 16 can be helpful.Air-flow 116 maintains the natural convection cooling of the wall 30 of smelting furnace 14.This will time enough be provided to recover by the forced-flow of the air of conduit 100 adopting remedial measures and the possibility of obviously damage occurs the wall 30 reducing smelting furnace 14.
If desired, sub-outlet 114 can be closed by pressure-controlling limb (not shown), and when there being the forced-flow by the air of conduit 100, described pressure-controlling limb remains on the position of closed sub-outlet 114.The pressure-losses caused due to the fault of forced-flow causes limb to move to open auxiliary outlet and allows to flow through the position of sub-outlet 114.
As shown in figure 18, the advantage that complete closure catheter has be from portion's section 62 all through heating air be removed from the surrounding of the smelting furnace 14 comprising operator work area.This has the possibility reducing operator's thermal stresses.
As shown in Figure 18 B of accompanying drawing, partially open conduit 100 and allow the part of air through heating to enter branch and main pipeline 12 to remove from local furnace environment.As mentioned above, the remainder of air flows upwards through the measurement that furnace wall 30 cools to keep the convection current of furnace wall 30 in the side of arrow 116.
In order to strengthen the heat trnasfer between each section 62 and furnace wall 30, each conduit 100 comprises heat trnasfer and strengthens surface 118.In the modification shown in Figure 19 and 20 of accompanying drawing, heat trnasfer strengthens surperficial 118 fins 120 extended by the direction of the air-flow of the path 10 4 be parallel to by each conduit 100 and limits.These fins 120 do not produce significant pressure drop.Fin 120 be used as scatterer for receive from the radiation of furnace wall 30 and convective heat transfer and for by this heat trnasfer to the cooling fluid through the space adjacent fins 120.The same with conduit 100, fin 120 is processed to have high emissivity surface.
In the modification shown in Figure 21 and 22 of accompanying drawing, replace plane fin 120, each fin is slotted, and to provide short length fin 122, described short length fin relative to each other offsets the roughly v-shaped structure of the staggered middle layout being formed in short length, as shown in Figure 21 and 22 of accompanying drawing.
This layout helps to reduce thermal boundary layer, and when doing like this, strengthens convective heat transfer.
In Figure 23 and 24 of accompanying drawing, heat trnasfer strengthens surface 118 and comprises the internal surface of the wall 108 being fixed to each conduit 100 to be in use positioned at the vortex generator 124 of path 10 4.Vortex generator 124 hinders fluid to flow through path 10 4 and causes eddy current to be formed.Again, these eddy current reduce the accumulation of thermal boundary layer, strengthen convective heat transfer.As further enhancing, hole can be cut out in the wall 108 of each conduit 100, as schematically shown with 126 in Figure 23 of accompanying drawing.Cooling fluid is attracted in the path 10 4 of portion's section 62 to strengthen heat trnasfer further by this some holes 126.
The another modification of heat transfer surface 118 is shown in Figure 25 and 26 of accompanying drawing.In this modification, vortex generator 124 with vertical spacing pitch arrangement on fin 120.Vortex generator 124 helps the heat trnasfer from fin 120 to be used for fin 120 to remain on low temperature to cooling fluid.This allows to occur to strengthen surface 118 to the convective heat transfer of cooling fluid flowing through path 10 4 from the radiant heat transmission of furnace wall 30 and from heat trnasfer.
In the modification shown in Figure 27 and 28 of accompanying drawing, heat trnasfer strengthens surface and is limited by corrugated fins 128.In addition, fin 128 is perforated.Fin 128 is arranged to be formed alternately wider between adjacent fins 128 and comparatively narrow passage.Cooling fluid moves and replaces wider and narrower part section by these, and the local pressure that generation promotion fluid flows through fin with circular hole 128 is poor.
The combination of the extensional surface limited by fin 128, reduce thermal boundary layer and narrower and wider part section all strengthens heat trnasfer by replacing of flow of the fluid of the perforation of fin 128.
Portion's section 62 shown in Figure 29 and 30 of accompanying drawing is modification above with reference to the portion's section 62 described in Figure 10 and 11 of accompanying drawing and also can be applied to the embodiment shown in Figure 12 to 14 of accompanying drawing.
In this modification, each pipe 72 has the slit 130 limited in the narrower wall of the pipe 72 closer to furnace wall 30.Slit 130 longitudinally extends.
Cross pipe 72 and produce pressure difference to promote fluid flowing (Figure 30) on the direction of arrow 132.Cooling fluid clashes into the outside surface of the wall 30 of smelting furnace 14 and attracted in the slit 130 of the pipe 72 of each section 62.Then this cooling fluid is fed into extract in pipeline 12 by manifold 74, as above with reference to as described in figure 10 and 11.The fluid clashing into furnace wall 30 reduces thermal boundary layer, and this strengthens heat trnasfer.Also heat trnasfer is strengthened by the more cold fluid of the outside being applied in heat exchanger portion section 62.The flowing of this fluid is supplementing, as above with reference to as described in figure 10 and 11 of the flowing of the fluid by pipe 72 on the direction of the longitudinal center line of pipe 72.
Although describe this modification with reference to slit extending longitudinally, slit can be the short length of the total length of pipe 72 or the length along pipe 72.Another modification can be use multiple short tube, each restriction slit 130, and pipe is arranged with level and vertical spacing relation to cover furnace wall 30.This layout will be similar to above with reference to the layout described in Figure 12 to 14 of accompanying drawing.
The advantage of the second embodiment of the present invention is the natural convection flowing of the outside being used in heat exchanger tube 72.As mentioned above, if the forced convection in passage 16 is flowed because any reason stops, applicant believes, the temperature that natural convection flowing will reduce the wall 30 of smelting furnace 14 rises, and can adopt remedial measures, and reduces the possibility due to the overheated smelting furnace damage caused.
Special advantage of the present invention is to provide the heat exchanger 10 using single heat exchange fluid.Heat exchange between heat exchanger 10 and smelting furnace 14 is occurred by convection current and radiation to strengthen heat trnasfer simultaneously.
Another major advantage of the present invention is to provide and original position can installs and not need the heat exchanger 10 of any amendment of smelting furnace 14.Therefore, heat exchanger 10 can not stop smelting furnace 14 relative to smelting furnace 14 installation in position.Therefore, even if the stoppage time of smelting furnace 14, incomplete elimination was also reduced, this has very large economic benefit.
In addition, heat exchanger 10 is provided to be convenient to the installation of heat exchanger 10 with length or portion's section.Except installing the fan system for heat exchanger 10 (if being suitable for), do not need the obvious change of smeltery, described fan system can comprise the connection of exit end to the extraction fan of smeltery of pipeline 12 alternatively.
About accompanying drawing Fig. 5,6 and 7-30 shown in embodiments of the invention, another advantage of the present invention is that the thermal load of the operator in smeltery reduces, and reason is that heat is attracted by pipeline 12 and work area away from operator is left.
2. Metal Production system design and control
2.1 general introduction
Such as consume in the smeltery of the prior art of 300MW electric power in production 200,000tpa, about 150MW is converted to heat and enters air in potroom or at a distance.But this thermosteresis is a part for the desired design of aluminium reducing electrolyzer, reason can extract heat from sidewall to play an important role to protect the sidewall of electrolyzer at formation freezing ice spar platform.Molten cryolitic (ionogen) has very high corrodibility and will easily dissolve most material, and this comprises silicon carbide side-wall material and box hat, if it is exposed to sodium aluminum fluoride; So need protective layer and the best materials done like this is the cryolite material self of frozen form at present.Heat trnasfer outside electrolyzer and electrolytical overheated is depended in the formation of this freezing platform, and therefore the design of electrolyzer and operation very important for the constant platform kept on sidewall.
Due to needs protection sodium aluminum fluoride platform, design of electrolysis cells becomes consideration to have than thermal equilibrium, and due to this reduction electrolyzer in their operation depart from their design thermal equilibrium state very dumb.This means that change, that is amperage that power inputs increase or reduce very limited, what allow at present is approximately+deviation of-5%.In the past, it is acceptable for running with constant amperage, and reason is in acceptable ratio relative to the power cost of aluminium price, means and manufactures the business that aluminium is profit.
Aluminium reducing electrolyzer can not just be switched to new operating point and expection ideally runs.
As mentioned above, such as along with the change of the market requirement, in Metal smelting system of the present invention Controlling System be arranged to control the electric current of heat exchanger/cooling system and electrolytic reduction process and/or power input with changes power consumption and at least in a preferred embodiment together with dynamically regulate cooling system and electric current and/or power input to change factory's output.When pot line is in maximum value with maximum current operation and/or the power input and output of metal of producing, cooling system is also with maxima operation.The electric current of smeltery and/or power input can reduce and cool to reduce to export to reduce smeltery.Cooling system can be closed under adiabatic model or operate with minimum ability and the input of the electric current of electrolytic reduction process reduces, and this will reduce the speed of electrolytic reduction and Metal Production again significantly, but not freezing pot line.Any one or more in (one or more) heat exchanger described in previous references Fig. 1-30/(one or more) cooling system can at least be operated by Controlling System of the present invention under cooling mode and adiabatic model, as described in more detail below.
2.2 Controlling System
Referring now to aluminum smelting technology system description Controlling System of the present invention.But, can alternatively be used for controlling similar or relative production process that is identical or other metal by understanding Controlling System.
With reference to Figure 31, display represents the schema of the aluminium production system 200 of preferred form of the present invention.System 200 is configured to respond the operation that one or more input parameter 210 controls electrolytic reduction process and/or the cooling system (such as heat exchanger 10) associated with aluminum smelting technology system 240.The production of input parameter 210 and aluminium directly or indirectly relevant and comprise the economic one or more any combination inputted in (market value 211 of such as aluminium and the production cost 212 of aluminium) and energy dynamics (state of the electrical network of being such as correlated with the production of aluminium and/or dynamic 213).Control module 220 is configured to receive input 210 and responsively upgrades the various settings associated with aluminium production process.These settings include but not limited to following one or more any combination: electric current input arranges 231, cooling system arranges 232, aluminium reducing chemical property arrange 233 and other operation control arrange 234, such as anode-cathode distance controlling.Controlling System generates and arranges with renewal necessity that 231-234 associates and control output 230 to control the suitable equipment of aluminum smelting technology system.Especially, output 230 is controlled for controlling the operation associating cooling system of electrolytic reduction process and smelting system 240 to change the productivity of aluminium according to input 210.
As mentioned above, in order to change the productivity (that is, the output of smelting system) of aluminium, electrolytic reduction process and cooling system all need correspondingly to regulate.Can by inputting and/or chemical property control electrolytic reduction process according to arranging 231 and 233 electric currents changing process.For the ease of the dynamic adjustments of electrolytic reduction process, correspondingly regulate the operational stage of cooling system.Such as, in order to obtain the maximum production/production of aluminium, the chemical property of the process being inputted by the electric current increasing smeltery and/or correspondingly changed in smeltery makes the speed of electrolytic reduction be increased to maximum value.This has the effect of the service temperature increasing smeltery.In order to prevent the fusing protecting freezing ice spar platform, cooling system operates to extract the heat from smeltery's electrolyzer in a cooling mode.On the contrary, in order to obtain the minimum output/production of aluminium, the chemical property of the process being inputted by the electric current reducing smeltery and/or correspondingly changed in smeltery makes the speed of electrolytic reduction be reduced to minimum value.This has the effect of the service temperature reducing smeltery.In order to prevent the freezing of smeltery's electrolyzer, cooling system operates to keep the heat in smeltery's electrolyzer under adiabatic model.
Typical aluminum smelting technology system is with the high power input operation of constant.The ability of the productivity of dynamic adjustments aluminum smelting technology factory can preserve electric power in the needs that can be determined by some Economic Driving/expectation during period.Controlling System 200 of the present invention is also configured to electrical network production period not being discharged into association by any dump power that aluminum smelting technology factory uses.The amount of the release decision of dump power and the electric power by being discharged into electrical network 250 based on the price 211 of Economic Driving, such as aluminium or production cost 212(relevant to electricity price) and/or comprise the energy dynamics 231 of available power/state of demand (population associated with electrical network) vs. electrical network 260 of electric power.Controlling System 200 receives feedback about electric network state 260 in a preferred form to upgrade electric network information and energy dynamics 213 at input terminus.
In the above described manner, Controlling System 200 obtains large-scale and high efficiency energy distribution system.The energy expenditure of smeltery can reduce significantly thus not only allow when electricity price is high and/or aluminium valency is low smeltery to save cost, and can the energy feeding of preservation be got back in the electrical network of association, the mechanism dealt with population energy requirement and exceed the period of supply (local, the whole nation or cross continent) is therefore provided.The adaptable situation of this situation such as can comprise the input operability of Changes in weather, domestic needs change and renewable energy source (such as wind energy or sun power).These situations composition affects the combination of the input factor of the energy dynamics 213 received by Controlling System 200.Therefore this mechanism provide stable electrical network and reduce the needs of expensive peak load power plant.Supply and demand balance and network capacity model are obtained by Controlling System 200, and described model determines the optimum quantity that load reduces or load increases and the time length of the interests maximizing smeltery's efficiency and general electricity consumer.
Controlling System 200 is configured in a preferred embodiment based on predetermined supply/demand and network capacity model manipulation.Control module 220 will use initially for the local market of the smeltery of association and the model of energy state customization.Between the working life of smeltery, input 210 is fed to the Best Times being used for the energy charge reducing or increase smeltery in model with prediction by Controlling System 200.As mentioned above, model will determine that Best Times is to increase smeltery's efficiency and to be of value to the electrical network of association via the stabilization of power grids.Model can also predict the cost savings that the load of smeltery reduces and the impact (such as, average electricity price) on local energy market.
In its each side, Controlling System 200 can computer implementation, provide computer program can perform above platform machine (such as electronics or multi-purpose computer or miscellaneous equipment) or comprise store superincumbent computer program instructions or mechanized data readable storage medium storing program for executing in embody.Input information 210 can via telecommunication from outside and/or remote equipment or system, directly received from electron source and/or manually can input and received by operator.Input information can be provided in the remarkable decline termly or based on the market requirement of some event, such as aluminium.
2.3 chemical property control
Controlling System 200 is configured to the input input speed of regulating electrolytic tank chemical property and electrolytic reduction process to change the productivity of aluminium at least some embodiments of the invention.The electrolyte chemical character of modern reduction electrolyzer is designed to take delicate balance as target, and its minimization of energy input (electrolytic resistance rate) keeps thermal equilibrium to allow sufficient alumina dissolution simultaneously.Sealing action pane is not too applicable to capacity control, and reason is that the short term variations of power input may cause significant process disturbance, comprises sludge accumulation and anode effect.
The control of aluminium reducing electrolyzer is driven by the interaction between energy input (current/voltage) material additive (aluminum oxide, aluminum fluoride) and molten salt electrolyte chemical property (resistivity, liquidus temperature) substantially.About the latter, electrolyzer typically at ionogen by about 10 DEG C operations on freezing temperature, and the conventional additive of aluminum oxide will typically obtain a large amount of this overheated (temperature on liquid phase) to dissolve.It should be noted that this overheated be only electrolytic cell operation temperature about 1% and by avoiding by the energy wastage of surplus heat and needing to keep the freezing dielectric substrate of protection in case sidewall infusibility and being limited.Some smelteries are undertaken operating to reduce service temperature and therefore reducing energy input by LiF being added to ionogen sometimes, and cost carries out subsequent metal process to remove lithium from product aluminium.
The current electrolytical composition almost generally used is displayed in Table 1.Excessive AlF
3reduce liquidus temperature, therefore save the energy needed for heated cell, and reduce the solubleness of metallic aluminium, therefore limit the reversed reaction of dissolving metal and improve current efficiency.But the excessive AlF of 10-12%
3also the solubleness of aluminum oxide (entering the main raw material of reduction electrolyzer) is reduced.It should be noted that the alumina concentration circulation when aluminum oxide is fed to electrolyzer and is reduced to form aluminium.Use this electrolyte chemical character, alumina dissolution degree can be limited to about 5% simultaneously minimum electrolysis matter resistivity contribute in about 2% place operation.The solubleness of infringement causes sludge (least diffluent aluminum oxide) to be accumulated on negative electrode, has some to affect on the temperature of electrolyzer and current efficiency.The shortage of the aluminum oxide dissolved also causes anode effect, and wherein ionogen self is by electrolysis, the greenhouse kind CF of accompanied by intense
4and C
2f
6discharge.At CO
2in equivalent, these gas purgings form about 37% of the greenhouse range of influence of industry at present.
Table 1: typical electrolyte ingredient
| Electrolyte ingredient | Wt% |
| Na 3AlF 6 | 80 |
| AlF 3 | 11 |
| CaF 2 | 5.6 |
| Al 2O 3 | 2.5 |
| LiF | Trace |
Therefore the electrolyte chemical character of modern reduction electrolyzer be designed to take delicate balance as target, it minimizes temperature and therefore minimization of energy input (by with high AlF
3operation), minimize the aluminum oxide of dissolving and therefore minimum electrolysis matter resistivity, but keep enough overheated and electrolyte circulation with the charging of dissolved oxygen aluminium and therefore avoid the sludge accumulation on negative electrode, anode effect and electrolytical freezing in extreme circumstances.The process control improved stably is tightened up this action pane and be responsible for many history that the specific energy in aluminum smelting technology consumes together with the design of electrolysis cells improved and improves.
But this more and more tighter, that routine operation window is not too suitable for capacity control electrolyzer operation has many reasons.Key parameter in the operation of any reduction technique is the ability of dissolved oxygen aluminium.This is the restriction in many modern technologies at present, reason be electrolyte chemical character and anode-cathode apart from restrained with minimum power consumption.Crucially keep enough energy window with the charging of dissolved oxygen aluminium for power regulation electrolyzer, will dynamically also changing of being formed of change and recline when the hot-fluid by sidewall is conditioned the freezing of cell sidewall and platform although overheated when energy flow is conditioned.
Although service temperature will be higher, simply by the wider alumina dissolution degree window that this allows, probably at lower excessive AlF
3therefore the operation under comparatively high temps will be favourable.This measure increases the actually operating temperature of electrolyzer, therefore increases energy expenditure, but this is much wide that power regulation window exceeds skew by allowing.
2.4 design of electrolysis cells
When designing electrolyzer, it is designed to have than thermal equilibrium and therefore has than heat trnasfer kinetics.This means that electrolyzer is specially designed to from the top of electrolyzer, side and bottom lose heat.Thermosteresis is from the side particularly important, and reason is that it allows to form the side platform based on protection sodium aluminum fluoride preventing cell lining materials from degrading.But if lose too many heat, then excessively chill will occur, this will cause electrolyzer to occur operational issue.On the contrary, if for removing enough heat, then platform can melt and the sidewall of electrolyzer is exposed to degradation problem.Due to this delicate balance and the difficulty that associates with the Non-follow control of thermosteresis, the tolerance deviation of the power input of electrolyzer can typically be less than+and-5%.Such as, before cell performance declines, the maximum value of 10kA can only be moved up and down with the electrolyzer of 200kA operation.
By comprising controlled cooling system, can be conditioned to allow larger action pane in the heat trnasfer kinetics of side-walls, such as, on 200kA design electrolyzer+-40kA.When installing cooling system, minimum air flow rate will be needed through system to allow it at its initial designs state of operation.Such as, for the 200kA electrolyzer not having cooling system, average sidewall case temperature can be 300 DEG C, and the reflection of this temperature transmits kinetics (case temperature is the temperature for controlling air rate in one embodiment) with the normal heat of the electrolyzer of 200kA operation.If the mounted and power input of cooling system does not reduce (remaining on 200kA), if not have or small air-flow passes through, then cooling system will as thermal insulator and average sidewall case temperature will increase, such as, more than 500 DEG C.This will cause platform melt and sidewall liner is exposed to degraded.So air must pass through to keep electrolyzer temperature.Needs are enough to obtain the average sidewall temperature (design side wall temperatures) falling back to 300 DEG C by air rate, represent that heat trnasfer kinetics has returned to initial designs state when obtaining this temperature.On the contrary when power input reduces, the ionogen reduction process in electrolyzer, by generating less heat, increases freezing chance.If cooling system is mounted, and roughly do not have air or small air flowing to pass through, cooling system will be used as thermal insulator and increases the temperature of electrolyzer towards design operation temperature recovery.
So the present invention can embody in the electrolyzer of Metal smelting system, in described electrolyzer, at high temperature produce metal by electrolytic reduction process, wherein design of electrolysis cells has the scope of heat trnasfer kinetics and throughput capacity.The scope of throughput capacity comprises by making air pass through to make the shell-type exchangers/cooling system of electrolyzer thermal insulation to keep dynamic (dynamical) subrange.The thermal insulation of electrolyzer is cancelled by the air-flow of shell-type exchangers.The scope of throughput capacity also comprises shell-type exchangers provides the scope of the throughput capacity outside subrange of cooling and shell-type exchangers to provide the scope of the adiabatic throughput capacity outside subrange.
2.5 cooling system
As mentioned above, the ability that Controlling System realizes the suitable adjustment of the electrolytic reduction process of aluminum smelting technology factory is promoted by the ability of the operational stage regulating the cooling system of association.
The cooling system of preferred form of the present invention is the heat exchanger being operably connected to aluminum smelting electrolytic cell.Heat exchanger arrangement becomes at least to operate under the state of cooling and adiabatic condition.Under the state of cooling, heat exchanger extracts hot and under adiabatic condition in heat exchanger maintenance smelting electrolyzer heat from smelting electrolyzer.Heat exchanger comprise in use with at least one pipeline smelting electrolyzer tight association.Internal passages and outside surface fluid and/or the hot tie-in of smelting electrolyzer of pipeline.Under the state of cooling, cooling system is operated to pass through passage conveying cooling fluid to be enough to extract heat from smelting electrolyzer.Under adiabatic condition, cooling system is operated the flowing of the cooling fluid significantly reducing or stop in the passage of pipeline thus makes smelting electrolyzer adiabatic and keep heat wherein.Adiabatic by the stationary fluid (preferred air) in pipeline or by being enough to make the tiny flow of the fluid of smelting electrolyzer thermal insulation provide.In a preferred embodiment, cooling system can by the flowing level of cooling fluid that operates to change in pipeline thus the cooling level changed between minimum adiabatic level (such as roughly zero flowing) to maximum cooling level (depending on smeltery).
Cooling system of the present invention can be embodied by any one in the heat exchanger designs described in the part 1 of this specification sheets.
It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that and can carry out many changes and/or amendment to the present invention as shown in the specific embodiments and not depart from as broadly described the spirit or scope of the present invention.So current embodiment should be considered to be exemplary and not restrictive in all respects.
Claims (27)
1. a smelting furnace heat exchanger, comprising:
Pipeline, for carrying cooling fluid relative to smelting furnace to be cooled; And
At least one conduit be communicated with the inside of described pipeline, at least one conduit described is in use close to the wall location of described smelting furnace to form passage together with the wall of described smelting furnace, described cooling fluid can pass described passage, described pipeline is limitation unit together with at least one conduit described, described assembly can be adjacent to described smelting furnace to be cooled and install in the outside of described smelting furnace, radiant exchange is there is between described smelting furnace and at least one conduit described, and because described cooling fluid causes convective heat exchange relative to described smelting furnace with relative to the motion of at least one conduit described, described conduit also comprises the heat trnasfer enhancing part increasing the form of at least one in parts and eddy current initiation parts in surface-area, described heat trnasfer enhanced portion is divided on the inner side of the wall being arranged at least one conduit described with the convective heat transfer in described passage thus described at least strengthening between at least one conduit and described cooling fluid.
2. heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein said conduit is the channel shape with open side, and in use the wall of described smelting furnace closes described open side to form described passage.
3. heat exchanger according to claim 1, the internal surface of at least one conduit wherein said is processed to provide high emissivity thus promotes the heat absorption from the wall of described smelting furnace.
4. heat exchanger according to claim 1, the described surface-area of at least one conduit wherein said increases the form that parts are fin.
5. heat exchanger according to claim 1, the entrance of at least one conduit wherein said be shaped as reduce to enter with described cooling fluid described in the relevant pressure drop in the inside of at least one conduit.
6. heat exchanger according to claim 1, at least one conduit wherein said has primary outlet and a secondary outlet, described cooling fluid enters described pipeline by described primary outlet, and some in described cooling fluid can through described sub-outlet to help natural convection heat exchange.
7. a Metal smelting system, comprising:
Smelting furnace, at high temperature produces metal by electrolytic reduction process in described smelting furnace,
Be adjacent to the smelting furnace heat exchanger according to claim 1 of described smelting furnace; And
Controlling System, described Controlling System is arranged to the electric current and/or the power input that control described heat exchanger and described electrolytic reduction process simultaneously, and at least reduces the flowing of cooling fluid under being included in the adiabatic model of described heat exchanger and electric current and/or power input are reduced to relative minimum.
8. Metal smelting system according to claim 7, wherein said Controlling System is arranged to the flowing stopping cooling fluid under the adiabatic model of described heat exchanger.
9. Metal smelting system according to claim 7, wherein said Controlling System is arranged to the electric current and/or the power input that control described heat exchanger and described electrolytic reduction process between modes simultaneously:
Max model, wherein said heat exchanger with higher or maximum cooling operation, and
Adiabatic model, the heat exchanger being wherein adjacent to described smelting furnace is used as thermal insulator to reduce the heat dissipation from described smelting furnace.
10. Metal smelting system according to claim 9, wherein said Controlling System is also arranged to:
Receive the input data of the one or more combination in the price of instruction metal, the cost producing the electric power needed for metal and energy dynamics,
Responding described input data regulates one or more control thed associate with described electrolytic reduction process or described heat exchanger to arrange, and
Heat exchanger and described electrolytic reduction process according to the control setting operation through regulating.
11. 1 kinds of Metal smelting systems, comprising:
Electrolyzer or pot line, at high temperature produce metal by electrolytic reduction process in described electrolyzer or pot line,
Cooling system, described cooling system is arranged to cooling fluid to be transported to described electrolyzer or pot line; And
Controlling System, described Controlling System is arranged to the electric current and/or the power input that control described cooling system and described electrolytic reduction process simultaneously, and at least reduces the flowing of cooling fluid under being included in the adiabatic model of described cooling system and electric current and/or power input are reduced to relative minimum.
12. Metal smelting systems according to claim 11, wherein said Controlling System is arranged to the flowing stopping cooling fluid under the adiabatic model of described cooling system.
13. Metal smelting systems according to claim 11, wherein said Controlling System is arranged to the electric current and/or the power input that control described cooling system and described electrolytic reduction process between modes simultaneously:
Max model, wherein said cooling system with higher or maximum cooling operation, and
Adiabatic model, the described cooling system being wherein adjacent to described pot line is used as thermal insulator to reduce the heat dissipation from described pot line.
14. Metal smelting systems according to claim 13, wherein said Controlling System operates electric current and/or the power input of described cooling system and described electrolytic reduction process under being arranged to centre also between described max model and described adiabatic model and/or minimal mode, wherein said cooling system with middle or minimum cooling operation and electric current and/or power input mediate and/or minimum level.
15. Metal smelting systems according to claim 11, wherein said Controlling System is also arranged to:
Receive the input data of the one or more combination in the price of instruction metal, the cost producing the electric power needed for metal and energy dynamics,
Responding described input data regulates one or more control thed associate with described electrolytic reduction process or described cooling system to arrange, and
Cooling system and described electrolytic reduction process according to the control setting operation through regulating.
16. Metal smelting systems according to claim 15, wherein said control arranges the electric current and/or power input setting that comprise described electrolytic reduction process.
17. Metal smelting systems according to claim 15, wherein said Controlling System is also arranged to arrange according to the electric current through regulating and/or electric power input between the working life of described electrolytic reduction process residue input electric power is discharged into electrical network.
18. Metal smelting systems according to claim 15, wherein said control arranges the operator scheme and/or flow rate setting that comprise described cooling system.
19. Metal smelting systems according to claim 15, wherein said control setting also comprises the bath chemistry associated with described electrolytic reduction process and arranges.
20. Metal smelting systems according to claim 15, wherein said energy dynamics comprises and following relevant information: by the electric power of the electrical network supply with described Metal smelting system relationship and/or the electricity needs of population that associates with described electrical network.
21. Metal smelting systems according to claim 15, wherein said Controlling System is configured to:
When one or more any combination in the instruction of input data lower metal price, higher electricity price and/or the higher energy demand that receive, under described adiabatic model, reduce described electrolytic reduction process electric current and/or power input and operate described cooling system, and/or
When the input data instruction higher metal price received, lower electricity price and/or compared with one or more any combination in low energy demand time, under described max model, increase the electric current of described electrolytic reduction process and/or power input and operate described cooling system.
22. Metal smelting systems according to claim 11, the still air wherein under described adiabatic model in described cooling system is used as thermal insulator.
23. 1 kinds of Metal smelting methods, be included in electrolyzer or pot line and at high temperature by electrolytic reduction process, metallic ore be reduced to metal, described method is included in and cooling fluid is transported under maximum output function pattern described electrolyzer or pot line and the maximum current and/or the power input that provide described electrolytic reduction process, and under minimum output function pattern, reduce cooling fluid make the fluid in cooling system be used as thermal insulator with the heat dissipation reduced from described electrolyzer or pot line electric current and/or power input are reduced to relative minimum.
24. 1 kinds of methods controlling Metal smelting system, described Metal smelting system comprises electrolyzer or pot line and cooling system, at high temperature metal is produced by electrolytic reduction process in described electrolyzer or pot line, described cooling system is arranged to cooling fluid to be transported to described electrolyzer or pot line, said method comprising the steps of:
Receive the input data of the one or more combination in the price of instruction metal, the cost producing the electric power needed for metal and energy dynamics, and
The described input data of response input regulate one or more control thed associate with described electrolytic reduction process or described cooling system to arrange.
25. methods according to claim 24, also comprise the step determining the Metal Production rate expected from described input data, and regulate described one or more step controlling to arrange based on the Metal Production rate of described expectation.
26. methods according to claim 25, wherein when being minimum production rate by the expectation productivity determined, the step of described adjustment comprises the control of described cooling system to arrange and is adjusted to adiabatic model, wherein the flowing of cooling fluid is terminated, and electric current and/or power input are adjusted to relative minimum, and when being peak performance by the expectation productivity determined, the step of described adjustment comprises the control of described cooling system to arrange and is adjusted to maximum cooling mode, wherein the flowing of cooling fluid is in maximum value, and electric current input is adjusted to relative maximum.
27. 1 kinds of Metal smelting systems, comprising:
Electrolyzer, at high temperature produces metal by electrolytic reduction process in described electrolyzer, and described electrolyzer has heat trnasfer dynamic performance and comprises the scope of throughput capacity of the subrange keeping heat trnasfer dynamic performance,
Shell-type exchangers, described shell-type exchangers is operationally connected to described electrolyzer and described electrolyzer can be made adiabatic, wherein cancelled the thermal insulation of described electrolyzer by the air-flow of described shell-type exchangers, and the scope of described throughput capacity comprises described shell-type exchangers for described electrolyzer provides the scope of the throughput capacity of cooling and described shell-type exchangers to provide the scope of adiabatic throughput capacity for described electrolyzer.
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|---|---|---|---|
| AU2013903783A AU2013903783A0 (en) | 2013-10-01 | Metal production system and method | |
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| CN110167437A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2019-08-23 | 奥克兰联合服务有限公司 | Pressure sensor |
| CN115142094A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2022-10-04 | 波士顿电冶公司 | Non-leaking current collector assembly for metallurgical vessel and method of manufacture |
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| AU2023246368A1 (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2024-12-05 | Enpot Holdings Limited | Aluminium smelting method & apparatus |
| CN117112967B (en) * | 2023-10-23 | 2024-03-26 | 宝鸡拓普达钛业有限公司 | Risk intelligent identification method and device based on titanium alloy in vacuum consumable smelting |
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| FR2842215B1 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2004-08-13 | Pechiney Aluminium | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR COOLING AN ELECTROLYSIS TANK FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM |
| NZ551007A (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2010-12-24 | Auckland Uniservices Ltd | Heat exchanger, typically for cooling aluminium reduction cell, with radiant and convective heat transfer within conduit |
| EA010167B1 (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2008-06-30 | БиЭйчПи БИЛЛИТОН ИННОВЕЙШН ПТИ ЛТД. | Internal cooling of electrolytic smelting cell |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115142094A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2022-10-04 | 波士顿电冶公司 | Non-leaking current collector assembly for metallurgical vessel and method of manufacture |
| CN110167437A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2019-08-23 | 奥克兰联合服务有限公司 | Pressure sensor |
| CN110167437B (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2023-06-13 | 奥克兰联合服务有限公司 | Pressure sensor |
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Application publication date: 20150415 |
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |