CN104512061A - 复合构件 - Google Patents
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- CN104512061A CN104512061A CN201410515030.6A CN201410515030A CN104512061A CN 104512061 A CN104512061 A CN 104512061A CN 201410515030 A CN201410515030 A CN 201410515030A CN 104512061 A CN104512061 A CN 104512061A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种复合构件,包括第一构件(10)和第二构件(11)、还包括至少一个连接件(1,2),其中,连接件(1,2)至少穿过所述第一构件(10)的整个厚度,其中,连接件(1,2)借助反应薄膜(30)、尤其纳米薄膜在它靠近所述第二构件(11)的端部上与第二构件(11)焊接或者与固定在第二构件(11)上的另一个连接件(4)焊接,还涉及一种用于制造这种复合构件的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合构件,它包括第一构件和第二构件,此外还包括至少一个连接件。所述连接件至少穿过第一构件的整个厚度。
背景技术
这种复合构件例如能够应用在交通工具结构中接合塑料复合板或者纤维复合板。通常,将所述构件相互粘接、铆接或者热压接合。但是,已知的粘合连接和压连接的质量在大批量工业制造中总是有缺陷的或者不统一的。当对于所需的工具、如焊接工具不可接近时,一些连接方法就是昂贵的或者根本就不能被使用。正好在焊接方法中,能够导致对于要连接的构件产生不希望的高热负荷。当在两个部件之间的连接点只能够时间上相继地被制造时,大量连接点的制造还会是十分耗时的。
此外,由US6,534,194 B2和US6,736,942 B2已知一种用于热接合构件的方法,使用可激活的反应薄膜,即所谓的纳米薄膜。纳米薄膜由通常数以千计的具有极小材料厚度的铝和镍薄膜的交替的层序列所构成,它能够被设置在要被接合的构件之间,并且在激活的情况下产生良好的局部定位的过程热。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,提供一种复合构件,其包括第一构件和第二构件,它能够被简单和工艺可靠地制造,并且在此能够形成构件的可靠连接。本发明还要解决的技术问题是,提供一种用于制造这种复合构件的简单方法。
所述技术问题通过包括第一构件和第二构件、还包括至少一个连接件的复合构件所解决,其中,所述连接件至少穿过所述第一构件的整个厚度,其中,所述连接件借助反应薄膜、尤其纳米薄膜在它靠近第二构件的端部上与第二构件焊接或者与固定在第二构件上的另一个连接件焊接。
根据本发明的用于制造复合构件的方法设定,将连接件置入第一构件中,并且随后借助反应薄膜、尤其纳米薄膜将连接件在它靠近第二构件的端部上与第二构件焊接或者与固定在所述第二构件上的另一个连接件焊接。
根据本发明,第一构件、例如纤维增强塑料板具有至少一个、优选多个连接件,将该连接件穿过第一构件,或者在制造第一构件时已经将该连接件置入到第一构件中。这种连接件例如能够通过选择合适的材料被如此优化,使其借助安设在连接件的表面上的反应薄膜与第二构件相连接。在根据本发明的复合构件中,连接件借助反应薄膜直接地与第二构件相接合或者还通过另一个连接件间接地与第二构件相接合。
所述另一个连接件能够尤其穿过第二构件,并且能够例如与穿过所述第一构件的连接件相同地构造。
当所述穿过第一构件的连接件还能够差不多或者完全穿过第二构件时,所述连接件与所述第二构件远离第一构件的表面相焊接。优选另一个连接件,例如圆盘和反应薄膜在连接件和另一个连接件或圆盘之间定位和在那焊接,此圆盘在第二构件远离第一构件的一侧上遮盖通过穿过第二构件的连接件形成的开口。
通过短时地和局部地限制接合方法的加热,根据本发明的复合构件能够使用强烈需要其它接合方法的构件和连接件。还能够在多个位置上、例如多个连接件上使用反应薄膜,并且由此提供一种具有均匀的高质量的配设大量连接点的复合构件。
本发明的其它改进方案由以下说明以及附图给出。
所述第一构件尤其是板件或者模制件,和/或第二构件是板件或者模制件。所述板件或者模制件,不仅理解为平面件或基本上在一个平面内延伸的部件,而且还可理解为结构件或形状设计件、例如冲压件、锻造件和拉伸件或者型材杆或者板材件或者局部挤压管或者铸模件以及类似部件。
优选在所述第一构件内设置多个连接件,这些连接件分别穿过第一构件的整个厚度,并且借助各自的反应薄膜、尤其纳米薄膜在它靠近第二构件的端部上与第二构件焊接或者与固定在第二构件上的另一个连接件焊接。以这种方式还能够借助多个连接点将大面积的构件牢靠地相互连接。
所述连接件能够设计为圆柱形、销状或者设计为具有钉头的销钉,同样必要时另一个连接件,该另一个连接件额外地还能够设计为圆盘或者板件。没有钉头的形状特别适用于连接三个构件,在那第一构件一侧与第二构件焊接并且在所述连接件的另一个端部与第三构件(或者圆盘)相焊接。具有钉头的连接件的形状还特别适用于只有一侧焊接的连接件,其中,在第一构件相对置一侧上的钉头能够贴靠在第一构件上,并且能够将所述第一构件牢靠地固定在它的端部上,防止轴向移动。
连接件和/或另一个连接件能够根据所使用的构件优选由金属、尤其由有色金属、钢或者铝或者由塑料构成。
第一构件优选由塑料或者复合纤维构成,并且所述第一构件尤其是塑料板或者纤维复合板。
所述第二构件优选由金属或者由塑料或者由纤维复合材料构成,并且所述第二构件尤其是金属板、金属片、塑料板或者纤维复合板。
因此,根据本发明例如能够在不同的材料件、即尤其在一侧是塑料或复合纤维和另一侧是金属之间建立连接。
反应薄膜在它的下侧和/或在它的上侧具有粘接层。因此,所述反应薄膜能够以简单的方式粘黏在连接件上。
反应薄膜的面优选小于连接件支承在第二构件上或者在固定于第二构件上的另一个连接件的支承面。
连接件优选材料结合地和/或形面配合地与所述第一构件相连接,尤其抗扭地相连接。
另一个连接件优选材料结合地和/或形面配合地固定在第二构件上,或者另一个连接件支承在第二构件上,并且首先通过其与穿过第一构件的连接件的焊接压配合地固定在第二构件上。
根据实施方式,所述连接件设计为圆柱形的或者销状的,并且在一端与第二构件焊接和在相反的一端与第三构件焊接、尤其在两个端部上与金属板焊接。
根据本发明的另一个实施方式,连接件设计为具有钉头的销钉,并且在连接件没有钉头的端部上与第二构件焊接、尤其与金属板相焊接。
在另一个实施方式中,连接件设计为具有钉头的销钉,并且在连接件没有钉头的端部上与所述穿过第二构件的另一个连接件焊接。
在根据本发明的复合构件中,除了第一构件之外在所述连接件上还能够安置一个或多个附加构件、尤其是其它的板件或者模制件,从而连接件至少穿过第一构件和附加构件的整个厚度。随后,连接件能够与第二构件焊接和必要时在另一端上还与第三构件焊接。
在根据本发明的用于制造复合构件的方法中还能够将多个、尤其大量连接件引入第一构件中,随后将第二构件相对于第一构件定位,并且随后借助反应薄膜、尤其纳米薄膜将连接件与第二构件焊接和/或与固定在所述第二构件上的另一个连接件焊接。优选在每个连接件上安置自身的反应薄膜。但是,在所述方法的另一个实施方式中,还能够为多个连接件使用一个共同的反应薄膜,其中,薄膜的组成能够是局部不同的,与连接件的位置相适配,或者与用于火源热能的进一步传导相适配。
用于多个连接件的共同的反应薄膜能够设计成,使得反应薄膜在激活的情况下产生局部不同的过程能量或过程热,从而它在构件之间没有安置连接件的区域内对于所述构件产生不重要的或者较低的过程能量或过程热,并且在设有连接件的区域内产生较高的或者对于焊接构件和连接件足够的过程能量或过程热。
反应薄膜优选尤其对于每个单独的连接件用机械地施加到所述第一构件内的连接件上。
反应薄膜例如能够被合适的设备从能够设在不导电的载体薄膜上的纳米薄膜中获得,并且被粘接在连接件上。
通过温度输入、压力或者电压能够激活所述反应薄膜。当在多个连接件上的反应薄膜同时激活时,是特别有利的。
附图说明
下面结合附图来示例性地阐述本发明。
图1A是反应薄膜的侧视图,
图1B是图1A示意的俯视图,
图2A是根据本发明的复合构件在接合之前的示意性侧视图,
图2B是图2A示图的俯视图,
图3是图2A是在接合之后的示意图,
图4是另一个根据本发明的复合构件的侧视图,
图5是根据本发明的另一个复合构件的侧视图,
图6是根据本发明的另一个复合构件在接合之前的示意性侧视图。
具体实施方式
在图1A和1B中示出反应薄膜30,它能够用于根据本发明的用于制造复合构件的方法。多个反应薄膜30为了传输设置在薄的、不导电的载体薄膜13上。反应薄膜30一侧或者两侧已经配有粘接层31,该粘接层使之后在连接件上的粘接变得更容易。在图1A的中间所示的反应薄膜30的粘接层31上施加一个遮盖薄膜15。
如图1B所示,反应薄膜30设计为圆形的,并且因此特别适用于施加到具有圆形横截面的连接件上。
图2A示出在接合之前的根据本发明的复合构件。在作为第一构件10的纤维增强塑料板内安设圆柱形的连接件1,它具有在两端都被粘接的反应薄膜30。连接件1的高度大约相当于第一构件10的高度,其中,在激活反应薄膜30的情况下由于压力连接件1的高度选择为更大,也就是还能够超出第一构件10,在激活的情况下借助温度或者电压略小的,但至少相当于第一构件10的厚度减去反应薄膜30的厚度。借助激活反应薄膜30,例如通过压力沿箭头所示方向或者通过温度,将两个作为第二和第三构件11、12的金属板固定在第一构件10的两侧上。将连接件1织入第一构件10中,从而使得在连接件1周围的区域内形成纤维的压缩区(Verdichtung)14。
图2B示出作为第一构件10的具有引入的圆形连接件1和反应薄膜30的纤维增强塑料板的俯视图,反应薄膜30具有粘接层31。反应薄膜30具有比第一连接件1更小的半径。
图3示出根据图2A所示的在发生接合过程之后的复合构件。在第一构件10和第二与第三构件11、12之间分别设有焊接区21。
在图4和图5中分别示出复合构件的实施方式,该复合构件具有第一构件10和只在第一构件10一侧上接合的第二构件11、例如金属板。为了连接构件作用有连接件2,该连接件2设为具有钉头的销钉并且在连接件2没有钉头的一端上与第二构件11焊接,并且在那构成焊接区21。在此,连接件的钉头能够设在第一构件10上(如图4所示),或者还能够与第一构件10齐平地相接(如图5所示)。
在根据图6所示的实施方式中,第一构件10与第二构件11如此连接,使得在第一构件10内设置作为具有钉头的销钉的连接件2,并且在连接件2没有钉头的一端上将连接件2与穿过第二构件11的另一个连接件4相焊接。因此,两个构件10、11在接合前就已经具有引入的、例如织在一起的连接件2、4,从而它们分别在连接件周围具有压缩区14。两个构件10、11可以是纤维增强塑料板。
附图标记列表
1,2 连接件
4 另一个连接件
10 第一构件
11 第二构件
12 第三构件
13 支承薄膜
14 压缩区
15 遮盖薄膜
21 焊接区
30 反应薄膜
31 粘接层
Claims (19)
1.一种复合构件,该复合构件包括第一构件(10)和第二构件(11)、还包括至少一个连接件(1,2),其中,所述连接件(1,2)至少穿过所述第一构件(10)的整个厚度,其特征在于,所述连接件(1,2)在所述连接件(1,2)靠近所述第二构件(11)的端部借助反应薄膜(30)、尤其是纳米薄膜与所述第二构件(11)或者与固定在所述第二构件(11)上的另一个连接件(4)相焊接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合构件,其特征在于,固定在所述第二构件(11)上的所述另一个连接件(4)穿过所述第二构件(11),或者遮盖在所述第二构件(11)的远离所述第一构件(10)的一侧上的开口。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合构件,其特征在于,所述第一构件(10)是板件或者模制件,和/或所述第二构件(11)是板件或者模制件。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合构件,其特征在于,在所述第一构件(10)内包括多个连接件(1,2),这些连接件分别穿过所述第一构件(10)的整个厚度,并且在所述第一构件靠近所述第二构件(11)的端部借助各自的反应薄膜(30)或者一个用于所述多个连接件(1,2)的共同的反应薄膜(30)与所述第二构件(11)或者与固定在所述第二构件上的另一个连接件(4)相焊接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合构件,其特征在于,所述连接件(1,2)和/或所述另一个连接件(4)设计为圆柱形、销状或者具有钉头的销钉。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合构件,其特征在于,所述连接件(1,2)和/或所述另一个连接件(4)由金属、尤其由有色金属、钢或者铝或者由塑料构成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的复合构件,其特征在于,所述第一构件(10)由塑料或者由纤维复合材料构成,所述第一构件尤其是塑料板或者纤维复合板。
8.根据权利要求1所述的复合构件,其特征在于,所述第二构件(11)由金属或者由塑料或者由纤维复合材料构成,所述第二构件尤其是金属板件、金属片、塑料板或者纤维复合板。
9.根据权利要求1所述的复合构件,其特征在于,所述反应薄膜(30)在下侧和/或在上侧具有粘接层(31)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的复合构件,其特征在于,所述反应薄膜(30)的面小于所述连接件(1,2)支承在所述第二构件(11)上或者支承在固定于所述第二构件(11)上的另一个连接件(4)上的支承面。
11.根据权利要求1所述的复合构件,其特征在于,所述连接件(1,2)材料结合地和/或形面配合地与所述第一构件(10)相连接。
12.根据权利要求1所述的复合构件,其特征在于,所述连接件(1,2)设计为圆柱形或者销状,并且在一端与所述第二构件(11)焊接和在相反的另一端与第三构件(12)焊接、尤其在两个端部上与金属板焊接。
13.根据权利要求1所述的复合构件,其特征在于,所述连接件(1,2)设计为具有钉头的销钉,并且在所述连接件(1,2)没有钉头的端部上与所述第二构件(11)焊接、尤其与金属片相焊接。
14.根据权利要求1所述的复合构件,其特征在于,所述连接件(1,2)设计为具有钉头的销钉,并且在所述连接件(1,2)没有钉头的端部与穿过所述第二构件(11)的另一个连接件(4)相焊接。
15.根据权利要求1所述的复合构件,其特征在于,除了所述第一构件(10)之外在所述连接件(1,2)上安置一个或多个附加构件、尤其是其它的板件或者模制件,从而所述连接件(1,2)至少穿过所述第一构件(10)和附加构件的整个厚度并且与所述第二构件(11)相焊接。
16.一种用于制造根据权利要求1所述的复合构件的方法,其特征在于,将所述连接件(1,2)引入所述第一构件(10)中,随后将所述连接件(1,2)在所述连接件(1,2)靠近所述第二构件(11)的端部借助反应薄膜、尤其是纳米薄膜与所述第二构件(11)或与固定于所述第二构件(11)上的另一个连接件(4)相焊接。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,将多个连接件(1,2)引入所述第一构件(10)中,随后将所述第二构件(11)相对于所述第一构件(10)定位,并且随后借助每个连接件的各自的反应薄膜或者一个用于所述多个连接件的共同的反应薄膜(30)将所述连接件(1,2)与所述第二构件(11)和/或与固定在所述第二构件(11)上的另一个连接件(4)相焊接。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,通过机械方式将所述反应薄膜(30)施加到所述第一构件(10)内的连接件(1,2)上。
19.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,通过温度输入、压力或者电压激活所述反应薄膜(30),尤其同时激活在多个连接件(1,2)上的所述反应薄膜(30)。
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CN119820869B (zh) * | 2025-03-17 | 2025-07-22 | 洛阳船舶材料研究所(中国船舶集团有限公司第七二五研究所) | 一种复合材料层间连接方法及相应的复合材料 |
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US10035216B2 (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2018-07-31 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method of joining multiple components and an assembly thereof |
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JP2015083869A (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
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US20150099084A1 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
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