CN104498062B - 一种真空热解技术 - Google Patents
一种真空热解技术 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007158 vacuum pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
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- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
- F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/14—Features of low-temperature carbonising processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/10—Drying by heat
- F23G2201/101—Drying by heat using indirect heat transfer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种真空热解技术。包括热解反应条件：真空密封；热解温度：低温，温度低于700℃。包括热解反应步骤：（1）破碎，（2）真空低温干燥，（3）真空低温热解。本发明技术整个过程真空密封，无废气/废水产生，无污染。反应机理为大分子结构有机物热解直接分解为小分子可燃气体直接被抽出，几乎不停留。本发明技术热解反应通式：有机物→气体（CO、CH4、H2、）＋固体（灰渣）。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环保、能源技术领域，具体涉及一种用于垃圾、生物质热解技术。
背景技术
目前生活垃圾的三种主要处理方法（填埋、堆肥、传统焚烧），从长远看来，都存在着相当大的二次污染问题，不适合当作长效的垃圾处理方法，全球范围内都在研究与探索人类生活垃圾处理的新办法，在美化当前生活环境的同时，也不损害子孙后代的生活环境，从根本上解决垃圾处理的二次污染问题已成为全球性的课题。
发明内容
本发明是针对垃圾处理提供的一种新技术，以克服现有的垃圾处理二次污染的问题。同时本发明还可用于生物质能源制造领域。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的一种新技术——真空低温热解技术，包括步骤：
（1）垃圾破碎——将收集来的垃圾进行破碎，收集的垃圾不需要进行前处理，直接用破碎机破碎，破碎粒度越小，后续步骤时间越短。
（2）真空低温干燥——将破碎的垃圾放到真空干燥反应器内抽真空，保持真空状态，加热到水的气化温度，垃圾脱水气化，保持真空和温度直到垃圾含水量低于20%。在真空状态下，水的气化温度大大降低，在绝对真空度2000Pa条件下，水的气化温度约为60℃，真空度越高，气化温度越低。
（3）真空低温热解——将干燥后的垃圾干基经密闭通道送入真空热解反应器内抽真空，保持真空状态，加热垃圾到有机固体热解温度，垃圾中的有机固体热解分解产生合成气，保持真空度和温度直到有机固体热解反应全部完成。在真空状态下，达到热解温度后，有机固体热解直接分解为一氧化碳、氢气、甲烷等碳氢化合物。
本发明技术处理垃圾整个过程真空密封，无废气/废水产生，无污染。反应机理为大分子结构有机物热解直接分解为小分子可燃气体直接被抽出，几乎不停留。
本发明技术热解反应通式：
有机物→气体（CO、CH4、H2、）＋固体（灰渣）
本发明技术整个过程真空密封，真空条件下，由于缺少氧气，无氧化反应，从而从源头有效地遏制了二噁英的产生。真空条件下，干燥与热解所需的温度低，干燥温度低于60℃，热解温度低于700℃，大约为常压条件下干燥与热解温度的50%，热损耗少，节能环保。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明的具体实施可采用图1中所示的工艺流程；
第一步采用用垃圾破碎机对垃圾进行破碎，破碎可采用挤压破碎，剪切破碎、磨削破碎等多种破碎方式，破碎后的粒度范围在25mm以下。
第二步将破碎的垃圾放到真空干燥反应罐内，抽真空保持绝对真空度2000Pa，利用60℃以上的热水间壁式加热垃圾温度到60℃以上，垃圾脱水气化，直到垃圾含水量低于20%。
第三步将干燥脱水后的垃圾干基经密闭通道输送到真空热解反应罐内，抽真空保持绝对真空度2000Pa，利用400℃～650℃的热空气间壁式加热垃圾干基温度到350℃～400℃，垃圾中的有机固体热解分解产生合成气，合成气的主要成分为一氧化碳、氢气、甲烷等碳氢化合物。
第四步将热解产生的合成气压缩储存到储气罐。
第五步将储气罐内的合成气引到燃烧炉内燃烧加热空气和水，空气加热到400℃～650℃，水加热到60℃～90℃。将被加热后的热空气经密闭管道引到真空热解反应罐内间壁式加热垃圾干基，为有机固体热解提供热量。将被加热后的热水经密闭管道引到真空干燥反应罐内间壁式加热垃圾，为垃圾脱水干燥提供热量。
Claims (1)
1.一种真空热解方法，包括如下步骤：
第一步采用垃圾破碎机对垃圾进行破碎，破碎可采用挤压破碎，剪切破碎、磨削破碎多种破碎方式，破碎后的粒度范围在25mm以下；
第二步将破碎的垃圾放到真空干燥反应罐内，抽真空保持绝对真空度2000Pa，利用60℃以上的热水间壁式加热垃圾温度到60℃以上，垃圾脱水气化，直到垃圾含水量低于20%；
第三步将干燥脱水后的垃圾干基经密闭通道输送到真空热解反应罐内，抽真空保持绝对真空度2000Pa，利用400℃～650℃的热空气间壁式加热垃圾干基温度到350℃～400℃，垃圾中的有机固体热解分解产生合成气，合成气的主要成分为一氧化碳、氢气、甲烷等碳氢化合物；
第四步将热解产生的合成气压缩储存到储气罐；
第五步将储气罐内的合成气引到燃烧炉内燃烧加热空气和水，空气加热到400℃～650℃，水加热到60℃～90℃，将被加热后的热空气经密闭管道引到真空热解反应罐内间壁式加热垃圾干基，为有机固体热解提供热量，将被加热后的热水经密闭管道引到真空干燥反应罐内间壁式加热垃圾，为垃圾脱水干燥提供热量。
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105505414B (zh) * | 2016-01-26 | 2019-03-05 | 广州维港环保科技有限公司 | 一种固体垃圾无氧催化热裂解方法 |
| CN107282589B (zh) * | 2016-04-12 | 2019-04-05 | 王冬 | 生活垃圾低温处理方法 |
| CN106433844A (zh) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-02-22 | 怀宁县鑫茂源生物质颗粒燃料有限公司 | 一种生物质颗粒燃料脱水炭化处理工艺 |
| CN107655926A (zh) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-02-02 | 北京化工大学 | 一种热解实验装置及其热解方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102398906A (zh) * | 2011-07-22 | 2012-04-04 | 多氟多化工股份有限公司 | 一种Na2SiF6热解生产SiF4的方法 |
| CN103509577A (zh) * | 2012-06-30 | 2014-01-15 | 青岛嘉能节能环保技术有限公司 | 一种棉杆生物质真空热解液化制备生物油的工艺 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102398906A (zh) * | 2011-07-22 | 2012-04-04 | 多氟多化工股份有限公司 | 一种Na2SiF6热解生产SiF4的方法 |
| CN103509577A (zh) * | 2012-06-30 | 2014-01-15 | 青岛嘉能节能环保技术有限公司 | 一种棉杆生物质真空热解液化制备生物油的工艺 |
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