CN104491070A - Traditional Chinese medicinal extract compound used for preventing and treating chicken coccocidiosis and production method thereof - Google Patents
Traditional Chinese medicinal extract compound used for preventing and treating chicken coccocidiosis and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了防治鸡球虫病的中药浸提物组合及其制作方法，属于兽药领域，由各种浸提物和黄芪粗多糖组成，各浸提物和黄芪粗多糖的质量百分比分别为：常山浸提物20～80、白头翁浸提物5～50、青蒿浸提物5～50、地榆浸提物5～50，黄芪粗多糖1～15，中药浸提物组合主要通过准备原材料、打粉、浸泡、过滤、浓缩、冷冻干燥等步骤完成中药浸提物的制作,目前鸡球虫病的防治多用抗生素和化学合成药，耐药和药残问题严重；中草药防治多是用中草药经简单粉碎进行组方，在实际应用中常常会面临拌药量大、适口性差、药效组分难以透出等问题，本发明不但克服了中药防治鸡球虫病遇到的上述问题，同时也避免了抗生素和化学合成药的耐药和药残问题。The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine extract composition for preventing and treating chicken coccidiosis and a preparation method thereof, which belongs to the field of veterinary medicine and consists of various extracts and astragalus crude polysaccharides. The mass percentages of each extract and astragalus crude polysaccharide are respectively: Changshan extract 20-80, Pulsatilla extract 5-50, Artemisia annua extract 5-50, Burnet extract 5-50, Astragalus crude polysaccharide 1-15, Chinese medicine extract combination is mainly prepared by raw materials , powdering, soaking, filtering, concentrating, freeze-drying and other steps to complete the production of traditional Chinese medicine extracts. At present, antibiotics and chemical synthetic drugs are mostly used in the prevention and treatment of chicken coccidiosis, and the problems of drug resistance and drug residues are serious; Simple pulverization to formulate prescriptions often faces problems such as large amount of drug mixing, poor palatability, and difficulty in exuding medicinal components in practical applications. The problem of drug resistance and drug residue of antibiotics and chemically synthesized drugs is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of veterinary, especially a kind of Chinese medicine extract combination preventing and treating chicken coccidiosis and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Chicken coccidiosis is that a kind of common parasitic worm property caused by Eimeria coccidium infection chicken intestinal epithelial cell is mass-sended sick, and its sickness rate is 50 % ~ 70 %, and mortality rate 20 % ~ 30 %, up to 80 % time serious; Due to its higher M & M, the ineffective investment etc. growing, reduce feedstuff is hindered often to cause heavy losses to poultry husbandry; Along with anti-chicken coccidiosis antibiotic and the long-term a large amount of of chemical synthetic drug use, drug resistance and the residual problem of medicine become increasingly conspicuous; And herbal control chicken coccidiosis; toxic and side effects is little; medicine is gently residual; not easily produce drug resistance, can enhancing human body immunity power, promote body growth etc.; there is the advantages such as inexpensive, effective, safe; but use herbal control chicken coccidiosis, mostly be at present to carry out prescription with Chinese herbal medicine through simple pulverizing, usually can face in actual applications and mix that dose is large, palatability is poor, composition and effectiveness is difficult to problems such as appearing.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided that a kind of cost is lower, easy to use, medicine is gently residual and not easily produce the Chinese medicine extract combination of drug resistance, the present invention adopts the prescription control chicken coccidiosis of Chinese medicine Radix Dichroae, Herba Artemisiae Annuae, the Radix Pulsatillae, Radix Sanguisorbae leaching extract and Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides following technical scheme: the Chinese medicine extract combination of control chicken coccidiosis comprises various extract and Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides, the mass percent of each extract and Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides is respectively: Radix Dichroae extract 20 ~ 80, Radix Pulsatillae extract 5 ~ 50, Herba Artemisiae Annuae extract 5 ~ 50, Radix Sanguisorbae extract 5 ~ 50, Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides 1 ~ 15.
Mass percent for above-mentioned optimization is respectively Radix Dichroae extract 50, Radix Pulsatillae extract 15, Herba Artemisiae Annuae extract 15, Radix Sanguisorbae extract 15, Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides 5, makes various medical material to fully play drug effect.Adopt the Chinese medicine extract combination of control chicken coccidiosis of the present invention to comprise various extract and Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides, various extract and Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides mass ratio are for being respectively: Chinese medicine Radix Dichroae extract 20 ~ 80, Radix Pulsatillae extract 5 ~ 50, Herba Artemisiae Annuae extract 5 ~ 50, Radix Sanguisorbae extract 5 ~ 50, Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides 1 ~ 15.Its nature and flavor of Radix Dichroae and Gui Jingwei: bitter, acrid, cold; Poisonous; Return lung, the heart, Liver Channel, its function with cure mainly: vomiting phlegm and saliva by emesis, parasite killing preventing the attack (or recurrence) of malaria, for having phlegm retention in the heart, malaria; Its nature and flavor of the Radix Pulsatillae and Gui Jingwei: bitter, cold, enter stomach, large intestine channel, its function with cure mainly heat clearing and damp drying, removing pathogenic heat from blood and toxic substance from the body, cure mainly toxic-heat and blood stasis, tenesmus, damp-heat vaginal discharge, pyrexial malaria cold and heat.Its nature and flavor of Herba Artemisiae Annuae with return through for bitter micro-pungent, cold, enter liver, gallbladder meridian, its function with cure mainly heat clearing away, expelling summer-heat, except steaming, control epidemic febrile disease, summer-heat, hectic fever due to YIN-deficiency consumptive fever, malaria, dysentery, jaundice, scabies, pruritus; Its nature and flavor of Radix Sanguisorbae with return through be picric acid, cold, enter liver, large intestine channel, its function with cure mainly blood on removing heat from blood, heat-clearing and toxic substances removing, control haematemesis, epistaxis, dysentery, metrorrhagia, hemorrhoidal hamorrhage, anal fistula, carbuncle, eczema, incised wound, burn.Its nature and flavor of Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides with return through sweet in the mouth slightly warm in nature.Return lung, spleen, liver, kidney channel, its function with cure mainly invigorating QI to consolidate the body surface resistance, expelling pus and toxin by strengthening QI, diuresis, granulation promoting, chronic diarrhea proctoptosis, spontaneous perspiration, edema weak for the deficiency of vital energy, sub-official prolapsus, chronic nephritis proteinuria, diabetes, open sore part disunion of a specified duration.
The manufacture method of the Chinese medicine extract combination of control chicken coccidiosis, the manufacture method of middle extract, comprise prepare raw material, beat powder, immersion, filtration, concentrated, lyophilization step, wherein prepare raw material step: the dry medical material of preparation Radix Dichroae, the Radix Pulsatillae, Herba Artemisiae Annuae, Radix Sanguisorbae; Beat powder step: raw material is beaten powder respectively, cross 100 mesh sieves; Soaking step is: Radix Dichroae adds methanol and alcohol mixeding liquid by 5 times of mass ratios, the volume ratio of methanol and ethanol is 4:1, the Radix Pulsatillae adds by 3 times of mass ratios the ethanol that volume is divided into 95%, Herba Artemisiae Annuae adds ethyl acetate by 3 times of mass ratios, Radix Sanguisorbae adds by 3 times of mass ratios the ethanol that volume is divided into 70%, sealing immersion 48 ~ 72 hours; Filtration step is: filtered respectively by soak with ethanol liquid calico, collect filtrate respectively; Concentration step: with Rotary Evaporators 60 DEG C, be concentrated into extractum shape under below 0.03MPa air pressure; Lyophilization step: by being concentrated into the liquid of extractum shape again through-10 DEG C ~-40 DEG C lyophilizations, obtain Radix Dichroae, the Radix Pulsatillae, Herba Artemisiae Annuae, each extract of Radix Sanguisorbae.
Beat powder, take out each medicinal raw material, after various raw material is beaten powder respectively, with the sieved raw material powder of 100 mesh sieve, tiny powder could more effectively contact with ethanol, soak, preprepared is put into respectively in the ethanol corresponding to middle raw material by beating the powder sieved, the composition of Chinese crude drug more easily dissolves in ethanol, sealing immersion 48 ~ 72 hours, obtain useful composition, medicated powder is separated with alcoholic solution by filtration step, with Rotary Evaporators at 60 DEG C, below 0.03MPa air pressure conditions is concentrated into extractum shape, decompression guarantees that boiling point can not be too high, avoid the composition destroying Chinese crude drug, lyophilization step, the liquid being just concentrated into extractum shape stops heating, again after cooling, be placed on-10 DEG C ~-40 DEG C lyophilizations and namely obtain Radix Dichroae, the Radix Pulsatillae, Herba Artemisiae Annuae, the each extract of Radix Sanguisorbae.
Adopt the manufacture method of the Chinese medicine extract combination of control chicken coccidiosis of the present invention, the manufacture method of Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides: beat powder, immersion, filtration, mix and blend, filtration, drying steps, beating powder step is: Radix Astragali dry root is broken into powder, after crossing 50 mesh sieves; Soaking step is: take a certain amount of astragalus membranaceus powder and join 3 times in the distilled water of astragalus membranaceus powder quality, place it in the water-bath of 65 DEG C and soak 3 hours, filtration step is: by soak collecting by filtration filtrate, with the method for second step soaking step, filtering residue is carried out extracted twice again, by three filtrate mixing, cooling causes room temperature; Mix and blend step: 97% ethanol adding 2 times of volumes in filtrate, and slowly stir, after static a period of time; Filtration step: go out precipitate from static liquid filtering, further centrifugalize, obtains Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides precipitation; 6th step drying steps: Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides precipitation is placed in vacuum drier after dry 24 hours, obtains Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides.
Beat powder: take out Astragalus membranaceus raw material, after the Radix Astragali is beaten powder, with the sieved raw material powder of 50 mesh sieve, tiny powder fully could contact with distilled water; Soak: Radix Astragali powder is joined 3 times in astragalus membranaceus powder quality distilled water, place it in the water-bath of 65 DEG C and soak 3 hours, make pure water soak Chinese crude drug, the rill wall of Chinese crude drug is broken, preliminary precipitation effective ingredient, makes to have when decocting to separate out enough effective ingredient; Soak, first time soaks, and extracts a large amount of effective ingredient, therefore, time is slightly shorter than secondary time, and second time is soaked, and has been extracted most of effective ingredient because first time decocts, second time is soaked to extract the effective ingredient in medical material further, in order to separate out effective ingredient further, so soak time is longer, third time immersion is the effective ingredient in order to extract fully in medical material, in order to fully separate out effective ingredient, so soak time is longer; Filter: by the residue filter after decoction, get filtrate, containing most medical material effective ingredient in filtrate; It is 2 times of volume fractions is the ethanol of 97% that mix and blend step adds quality in filtrate, and slowly stirs, water can and ethanol fully dissolve each other, crystallize out, after static a period of time; Filtration step, goes out precipitate from static liquid filtering, further centrifugalize, obtains Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides precipitation; Drying steps: Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides precipitation is placed in vacuum drier after dry 24 hours, fully dry, the water on precipitate and ethanol are volatilized completely, obtains Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides.
The principle of manufacture method of the present invention and beneficial effect are: the preparation method of Chinese crude drug concentrated solution needs to beat powder, immersion, immersion and directly being soaked by Chinese medicine with prior art such as concentrated and gets compared with the mode that filtrate adds, by obtain after beating powder and soaking concentrated solution more abundant to its effective ingredient-use, efficacy stability.
Detailed description of the invention
Prepare all kinds of extracts, Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides, the Eimeria Tenella Sporulated Oocysts (Shanghai academy of agricultural sciences veterinary institute provides) that need in embodiment; Baby chick (local market order); The autogamys such as feedstuff Semen Maydis, bean cake (not containing any coccidiostat).
The manufacture method of the Chinese medicine extract combination of control chicken coccidiosis, the manufacture method of Chinese medicine extract:
The first step prepares raw material step: the dry medical material preparing Chinese medicine Radix Dichroae, the Radix Pulsatillae, Herba Artemisiae Annuae, Radix Sanguisorbae.；
Second step beats powder step: raw material is beaten powder respectively, crosses 100 mesh sieves;
3rd step soaking step is: Radix Dichroae adds methanol and alcohol mixeding liquid by 5 times of mass ratios, the volume ratio of methanol and ethanol is 4:1, the Radix Pulsatillae adds by 3 times of mass ratios the ethanol that volume fraction is 95%, Herba Artemisiae Annuae adds ethyl acetate by 3 times of mass ratios, Radix Sanguisorbae adds by 3 times of mass ratios the ethanol that volume fraction is 70%, sealing immersion 48 ~ 72 hours;
4th step two filtration step is: filtered by soak with ethanol liquid calico, collects filtrate;
5th step concentration step is: with Rotary Evaporators 60 DEG C, be concentrated into extractum shape under the air pressure of below 0.03MPa;
6th step lyophilization step is: namely the liquid being concentrated into extractum shape is obtained Radix Dichroae, the Radix Pulsatillae, Herba Artemisiae Annuae, each extract of Radix Sanguisorbae through-10 DEG C ~-40 DEG C lyophilizations again.
The Chinese medicine extract combination manufacture method of control chicken coccidiosis, the manufacture method of Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides: comprise and beat powder, immersion, filtration, mix and blend, dry, filter, drying steps wherein:
The first step beats powder step: Radix Astragali dry root is broken into powder, after crossing 50 mesh sieves;
Second step soaking step is: take a certain amount of astragalus membranaceus powder and join in the distilled water of 3 times of quality, places it in the water-bath of 65 DEG C and soaks 3 hours;
3rd step filtration step is: by soak collecting by filtration filtrate, with the method for soaking step, filtering residue is carried out second extraction, and by three filtrate mixing, cooling causes room temperature;
4th step mix and blend step: to add quality in filtrate be 2 times of volumes is the ethanol of 97%, and slowly stirs, after static a period of time;
5th step filtration step: go out precipitate from static liquid filtering, further centrifugalize, obtains Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides precipitation;
6th step drying steps: Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides precipitation is placed in vacuum drier after dry 24 hours, obtains Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides.
Sporulated Oocysts prepare Sporulated Oocysts use before through chickling rejuvenation once, reclaim, again use after Sporulated, dosage of inoculation is 80 000 pieces/, per os drips clothes.
The each embodiment made according to above-mentioned manufacture method is carried out the percentage ratio of each material of testing, as follows:
| Raw material (%) | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Embodiment 6 |
| Radix Dichroae extract | 0 | 0 | 20～80 | 80 | 50 | 20 |
| Radix Pulsatillae extract | 0 | 0 | 5～50 | 6 | 15 | 24 |
| Herba Artemisiae Annuae extract | 0 | 0 | 5～50 | 6 | 15 | 24 |
| Radix Sanguisorbae extract | 0 | 0 | 5～50 | 6 | 15 | 24 |
| Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides | 0 | 0 | 1～15 | 2 | 5 | 8 |
A kind of Chinese medicine extract combination preventing and treating chicken coccidiosis of trial drug, spice is taken.
By 1 Japanese instar chickling 120, raise 2 weeks phases in advance, therefrom select the close chickling of body weight 90 and be divided into 6 groups at random, for 6 kinds of embodiment tests:
Embodiment 1: do not attack worm and not offer medicine group (negative control group),
Embodiment 2: attack worm and not offer medicine group (positive controls),
Embodiment 3: attack worm Radix Dichroae dosage group (containing Radix Dichroae extract 40mg-160mg)
Embodiment 4: attack worm height Radix Dichroae dosage group (containing Radix Dichroae extract 160 mg),
Embodiment 5: attack Radix Dichroae dosage group in worm (containing Radix Dichroae extract 100 mg),
Embodiment 6: attack worm low Radix Dichroae dosage group (containing Radix Dichroae extract 40 mg).
7 days experimental periods, on-test and at the end of by only weighing, observe chicken spirit, diet and feces situation therebetween, full group cutd open and killed last day.
Evaluating drug effect with anticoccidial Index A CI for its anticoccidial effect of standard determination: ACI < 120 is invalid; ACI=120 ~ 160 are poor efficiency; ACI=160 ~ 180 are middle effect; ACI > 180 is efficient.
ACI computing formula: ACI=(body weight increase rate+survival rate) × 100-(pathological changes value+egg capsule value)
Body weight increase rate=test group average growth rate/normal healthy controls group average growth rate × 100%
Pathological changes value=often organize average lesion to score × 10
Caecum lesion standards of grading: caecum is normal is 0 point without egg capsule; Have egg capsule, caecum mucosa thickens, and having being dispersed in property on a small quantity hemorrhage is 1 point; Have egg capsule, caecum mucosa thickens, and has obvious blood or blood content to be 2 points; Have egg capsule, caecum mucosa thickens, and has a large amount of blood clot or blood sample intestinal core to be 3 points; Have egg capsule, caecum outward appearance is caramel, obvious tumefaction, and content blood sample is 4 points; Because coccidium infection death also calculates 4 points.
The computational methods of egg capsule value: when the ratio namely infecting the O.P.G value of latter 7 days chickens and the O.P.G value of not administration group chicken is less than 1%, egg capsule value is 0; 1% ~ 25% time, egg capsule value is 5; 25% ~ 50% time, egg capsule value is 10; 50% ~ 75% time, egg capsule value is 20; 75% ~ 100% time, egg capsule value is 40.
Anticoccidial index (ACI) is calculated according to body weight increase rate, survival rate, pathological changes value and egg capsule value etc., result shows: the ACI of high, medium and low Radix Dichroae dosage group is respectively 131.2,183.9 and 169.8, judges that its curative effect is poor efficiency, efficient and middle effect (see table).In, low Radix Dichroae dosage group shows good gaining effect, so ACI is higher, anticoccidial effect reaches efficient and middle effect; And the toxic and side effects that high Radix Dichroae dosage group may be brought because Radix Dichroae extract is excessive, growth is obviously suppressed, and cause ACI to reduce, anticoccidial effect is deteriorated on the contrary.
The anticoccidial effect of the extracts such as table 1 Radix Dichroae and Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides prescription
| Embodiment | Average starting weight/g | Average end weight/g | Body weight increase rate/% | Survival rate/% | Pathological changes value | Egg capsule value | ACI | Therapeutic evaluation |
| Embodiment 1 | 268 | 368 | 100 | 100 | - | - | - | - |
| Embodiment 2 | 265 | 305 | 40.4 | 86.7 | 40 | 40 | - | - |
| Embodiment 3 | 263 | 326 | 64.2 | 100 | 28 | 5 | 131.2 | Poor efficiency |
| Embodiment 4 | 266 | 312 | 46.1 | 100 | 17 | 5 | 124.1 | Poor efficiency |
| Embodiment 5 | 264 | 381 | 118.9 | 100 | 30 | 5 | 183.9 | Efficiently |
| Embodiment 6 | 262 | 321 | 59.2 | 100 | 32 | 5 | 122.2 | Poor efficiency |
As long as by table 1 can proper chickling attacked worm after employ mass percent and be respectively: Radix Dichroae extract 20-80, Radix Pulsatillae extract 5 ~ 50, Herba Artemisiae Annuae extract 5 ~ 50, Radix Sanguisorbae extract 5 ~ 50, all than attacking worm in embodiment 2 but not using the pathological changes value of this medicine low in the embodiment 3-6 of Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides 1 ~ 15, and compare at embodiment 3-6, embodiment 5 is only had to be efficient, pass through test of many times, show that optimization of C/C composites mass percent is Radix Dichroae extract 50 used in embodiment 5, Radix Pulsatillae extract 15, Herba Artemisiae Annuae extract 15, Radix Sanguisorbae extract 15, Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides 5.
Above-described is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be understood that; for a person skilled in the art; without departing from the inventive concept of the premise; some distortion and improvement can also be made; these also should be considered as the protection domain invented, and these all can not affect effect of the invention process and practical applicability.
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