CN104470848A - Hydrogen recombiner - Google Patents
Hydrogen recombiner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104470848A CN104470848A CN201380039211.XA CN201380039211A CN104470848A CN 104470848 A CN104470848 A CN 104470848A CN 201380039211 A CN201380039211 A CN 201380039211A CN 104470848 A CN104470848 A CN 104470848A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- catalyst
- series
- grade
- recombiner
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrogen compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0446—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
- B01J8/0449—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical beds
- B01J8/0453—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B5/00—Water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
- B01J2208/00805—Details of the particulate material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/02—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles
- B01J2208/023—Details
- B01J2208/024—Particulate material
- B01J2208/025—Two or more types of catalyst
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
A hydrogen recombiner includes a series of catalyst stages, each of the series of catalyst stages define a catalyst activity that increase as a function of a flowpath.
Description
The disclosure requires that the open sequence number of US provisional patent submitted on July 24th, 2012 is the right of priority of 61/675,155.
Technical field
The disclosure relates to a kind of improvement type autocatalytically hydrogen compound non-ly active to remove hydrogen from the containment vessel (containment vessel) of nuclear reactor is inner in dehydration (loss of coolant) situation.
Background technology
Nuclear power plants contributes to electrical production very efficiently.Light-water cooled nuclear reactor (LWR) is designed to make to be down to minimum because of loss of coolant accident (" LOCA ") to the threat that the integrity of reactor housing causes.LOCA can cause hot water and vapo(u)r blasting to enter in reactor housing atmosphere (containment atmosphere).Unless adopt the system from reactor housing heat radiation, otherwise the pressure and temperature in reactor housing may exceed design limit and rise.
In addition, LOCA also may cause reactor core expose and thus cause fuel temperature to increase, and zirconium alloy just may be caused when zirconium alloy and residue vapor react with to be oxidized.This reaction is heat release and produces the hydrogen that can be emitted to along with steam in reactor housing atmosphere.The quality release rate of hydrogen can be the grade of Kilograms Per Second.Make hydrogen activity maintain system under spontaneous combustion restriction unless adopted, otherwise just can produce potential combustible gas mixture in reactor containment.
Current LWR very safety and fail safe operation is provided for supply of electric power, process water and the minimum dependency of operator's behavior to eliminate the impact of LOCA.Except the cooling selection of various active (active), many LWR adopt non-active (passive) system from reactor housing atmosphere transferring heat.Such as, some reactors utilize steel containment vessel container and promote heat transfer from the outside water cooling of high level tank.Heat from reactor housing atmosphere is passed to containment vessel by natural convection.Owing to coming from the hot steam of rent (break) and air mixed and rising to the top of reactor housing, be then cooled by the cold reactor housing of contact.The denser mixture of refrigerant declines thus starts the process of natural circulation, the flowing near its mesospore downwards and the flowing of middle section upwards.After initial blowing down (blow-down) period, pressure and temperature in reactor housing increases, until the condensing rate of steam on cold reactor housing and other cold surface equals the steam rate from rent discharge.
Nuclear reactor also utilizes various passive system to alleviate hydrogen accumulation.Such as, before being initiated or period pre-inerting in reactor housing, produce oxygen-lean atmosphere.Rare gas element (normally nitrogen) is injected in reactor housing to replace air thus to be reduced to by oxygen activity under the level needed for hydrogen burning.
Another passive system is hydrogen recombiner.Hydrogen recombiner makes hydrogen and oxygen compound to produce water thus to reduce the hydrogen activity in reactor housing.Relative to hot recombiner, autocatalytically recombiner is self-running and does not need external impetus thus right and wrong are active.
In order to effectively work, hydrogen recombiner needs relatively high air rate.The natural circulation of conventional use safety shell atmosphere, to reach reactor housing cooling, cannot produce sufficiently high flow rate usually to obtain effective non-active hydrogen recombiner to process large reactor housing volume.Come from the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen and the raised temperature produced in catalytic recombiner facilitates local convection.This can produce compared with the larger convection flow of the flowing only produced by natural circulation in recombiner.
Accompanying drawing explanation
According to the following specific descriptions of disclosed non-limiting example, various feature will become apparent to those skilled in the art.Accompany this specifically described accompanying drawing can be described as follows briefly:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the hydrogen recombiner according to a kind of disclosed non-limiting example;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the hydrogen recombiner according to another kind of disclosed non-limiting example;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the hydrogen recombiner according to another kind of disclosed non-limiting example;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the hydrogen recombiner according to another kind of disclosed non-limiting example;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the hydrogen recombiner according to another kind of disclosed non-limiting example; And
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the hydrogen recombiner according to another kind of disclosed non-limiting example.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates hydrogen recombiner 30, and it generally includes shell 31 and a series of catalyst grades in it (catalyst stage) 32A, 32B, 32C etc.Although show three, it is to be appreciated that any amount all can be benefited therefrom.Every one-level in described a series of catalyst grade 32A, 32B, 32C all limits the catalyst activity (catalyst activity) increased progressively along with the flowing-path (flowpath) from entrance 34 to outlet 36.Each successive level in described a series of catalyst grade 32A, 32B, 32C reduces the activity of hydrogen, so that the output of hydrogen recombiner 30 has hydrogen activity level lower substantially.
Reaction of recombination (H2+2O2=2H2O) produces heat at catalyst surface place.H2 is active larger, and the heat produced is more, so that the catalyst activity that can limit relative to service temperature (such as lower than the temperature of about 932F (500C)) in every grade in described a series of catalyst grade 32A, 32B, 32C, so that effectively except dehydrogenation avoids again hydrogen detonation.
Although be that operationally right and wrong are active, but hydrogen recombiner 30 can comprise fan 38 extraly (schematically shows; Fig. 2) to promote flowing.In other words, even without fan 38, hydrogen recombiner 30 also can operate effectively, and passing through fan 38 can be able to not operate by being exclusively used in the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) of fan 38, if or the operational words of external power source, fan 38 also can operate to increase efficiency.
Generally speaking, the first step 32A in described a series of catalyst grade is customized into for relatively low catalytic activity, because the first step 32A in described a series of catalyst grade is exposed to relatively high hydrogen richness.In other words, the first step 32A in described a series of catalyst grade has relatively low catalyst activity, so that surface temperature remains under preset temperature.For this SA catalyzer, the material than precious metal cheapness can be utilized.Middle catalyst grade 32B provides relatively medium catalyst activity.Last catalyst grade 32C provides relatively high catalyst activity so that removing is in SA hydrogen, so that surface temperature maintains under preset temperature.
Catalyst activity in every one-level in described a series of catalyst grade 32A, 32B, 32C such as can be covered by the partially catalyzed agent on heat conduction substrate and control, so that heat passes from catalyst surface by this matrix, and convection current will be dispelled the heat from this matrix.In non-limiting example disclosed in another, metal alloy net can be placed on catalyst surface or be embedded in it so that enhance heat transfer.Various catalyst arrangement or its combination can be provided alternatively or extraly.
In addition, various catalyzer geometric configuration and orientation (geometries and orientations) can be used in the every one-level in described a series of catalyst grade 32A, 32B, 32C either individually or in combination.In a kind of disclosed non-limiting example, in the every one-level in described a series of catalyst grade 32A, 32B, 32C, utilize vertically-oriented catalyst plates 40 (Fig. 3).In non-limiting example disclosed in another, in the every one-level in described a series of catalyst grade 32A, 32B, 32C, utilize vertically-oriented bar or pipe 50 (Fig. 4).In another disclosed non-limiting example, in the every one-level in described a series of catalyst grade 32A, 32B, 32C, utilize spherical array 60 (Fig. 5).In non-limiting example disclosed in again, in the every one-level in described a series of catalyst grade 32A, 32B, 32C, utilize vertically-oriented coiled sheet (coiled sheet; Coiled sheet) 70 (Fig. 6).Equally, it is to be appreciated that various other is arranged and combination will be benefited thus.
Thus, hydrogen recombiner 30 at different levels easily heat radiation not have power and emergency power can with all can preventing overheated in two kinds of situations and losing efficacy.In addition, owing to easily eliminating the hydrogen capacity of more than ten times compared with the hydrogen recombiner of routine, so hydrogen recombiner 30 can reduce required hydrogen recombiner quantity, thus cost of investment can be reduced.
In the context (especially at the context of claims) of specification sheets, the use of term " " and " " and " described " and similar pronoun should be construed as containing single and a plurality of, unless other in the text explanation or based on context contradictory particularly.Adjective " approximately " is used to comprise values listed and have the implication (such as it comprises the error degree relevant with the measurement of concrete quantity) determined by context in conjunction with quantity.All scopes disclosed herein include end points, and end points can be bonded to each other independently.It should be appreciated that relative positional terms, such as "front", "rear", " on ", the normal operational attitude of D score, " on ", " under " etc. reference tool (vehicle) and should not be counted as other restriction.
Although different non-limiting examples has by the parts specifically illustrated, but embodiments of the invention are not limited to these distinctive combinations.May use from some parts of any embodiment in any non-limiting example or feature and from the feature of any embodiment in other non-limiting example or the combination of parts.
It is to be appreciated that several figure running through shown, like reference numerals refers to correspondence or like.Although also it should be appreciated that disclosing distinctive parts in illustrated embodiment is arranged, but other setting also will be benefited thus.
Although illustrate, describe and require that distinctive sequence of steps, but it should be understood that unless explicitly stated otherwise, otherwise step with any order, be individually or in combination performed, and will can be benefited from the disclosure.
Description is above exemplary instead of is defined within it.Disclosed herein is various non-limiting example, but one, this area ordinary skill will recognize, the various modifications and variations according to above-mentioned instruction should be listed in the scope of claims.Therefore, it should be appreciated that within the scope of the appended claims, the disclosure can be realized in the mode outside peculiarly describing.For this reason, claims should be studied to determine true scope and content.
Claims (8)
1. a hydrogen recombiner, comprising:
A series of catalyst grade, every grade in described a series of catalyst grade all limits the catalyst activity increased progressively along with flowing-path.
2. hydrogen recombiner according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described catalyst activity increases progressively from the inlet to the outlet.
3. hydrogen recombiner according to claim 2, is characterized in that, also comprises the fan of contiguous described entrance.
4. hydrogen recombiner according to claim 1, is characterized in that, limits described catalyst activity relative to service temperature.
5. hydrogen recombiner according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described service temperature is less than hydrogen fuming-off temperature.
6. the non-method removing hydrogen from the containment vessel inside of nuclear reactor, comprising actively:
Be placed on by a series of catalyst grade in described containment vessel, described a series of catalyst grade limits the catalyst activity increased progressively along with flowing-path.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, is also included in maintain service temperature in every grade in described a series of catalyst grade and be less than hydrogen fuming-off temperature.
8. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, also comprises upstream fan being placed on described a series of catalyst grade.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261675155P | 2012-07-24 | 2012-07-24 | |
US61/675155 | 2012-07-24 | ||
PCT/US2013/034422 WO2014018127A1 (en) | 2012-07-24 | 2013-03-28 | Hydrogen recombiner |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN104470848A true CN104470848A (en) | 2015-03-25 |
Family
ID=49997708
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201380039211.XA Pending CN104470848A (en) | 2012-07-24 | 2013-03-28 | Hydrogen recombiner |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2015529806A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20150046005A (en) |
CN (1) | CN104470848A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014018127A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106328219A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-01-11 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七八研究所 | Passive hydrogen eliminating device |
CN106328220A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-01-11 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | Passive hydrogen and carbon monoxide eliminating device |
CN106356104A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-01-25 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | Passive CO eliminating device |
CN113113159A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-13 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Optimizing device of component structure hydrogen recombiner |
CN113130100A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-16 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Axial optimization device for hydrogen recombiner assembly unit |
TWI807514B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-07-01 | 鼎佳能源股份有限公司 | Hydrogen Treatment System |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6180981B2 (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2017-08-16 | 株式会社東芝 | Hydrogen treatment equipment |
JP2017018905A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-01-26 | 株式会社東芝 | Hydrogen processing device |
CN105390168B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-08-25 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一八研究所 | The hydrogen unit that disappears with explosion prevention function |
US10839966B2 (en) | 2017-05-10 | 2020-11-17 | Westinghouse Electric Company Llc | Vortex driven passive hydrogen recombiner and igniter |
JP2019051518A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-04 | 東芝エネルギーシステムズ株式会社 | Hydrogen treatment device |
CN113130102A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-16 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | High-temperature protection device for hydrogen recombiner |
CN113380430A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-09-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Hydrogen recombiner catalyst loading box |
CN113908776B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-10-20 | 西北核技术研究所 | Method and device for efficiently converting high-concentration hydrogen into water |
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- 2013-03-28 WO PCT/US2013/034422 patent/WO2014018127A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-03-28 CN CN201380039211.XA patent/CN104470848A/en active Pending
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106328219A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-01-11 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七八研究所 | Passive hydrogen eliminating device |
CN106328220A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-01-11 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | Passive hydrogen and carbon monoxide eliminating device |
CN106356104A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-01-25 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | Passive CO eliminating device |
CN113113159A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-13 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Optimizing device of component structure hydrogen recombiner |
CN113130100A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-16 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Axial optimization device for hydrogen recombiner assembly unit |
TWI807514B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-07-01 | 鼎佳能源股份有限公司 | Hydrogen Treatment System |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014018127A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
JP2015529806A (en) | 2015-10-08 |
KR20150046005A (en) | 2015-04-29 |
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Application publication date: 20150325 |