CN104458907A - Ultrasonic detection method and automatic rotary flaw detection device for composite insulator - Google Patents
Ultrasonic detection method and automatic rotary flaw detection device for composite insulator Download PDFInfo
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- CN104458907A CN104458907A CN201410546655.9A CN201410546655A CN104458907A CN 104458907 A CN104458907 A CN 104458907A CN 201410546655 A CN201410546655 A CN 201410546655A CN 104458907 A CN104458907 A CN 104458907A
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an ultrasonic detection method and an automatic rotary flaw detection device for a composite insulator, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps: coupling a probe with a detection surface of the detected composite insulator; transmitting ultrasonic waves to the detection surface by using a probe, and scanning on the detection surface; and detecting the primary reflected wave of the detection surface, and if the phase polarity of the primary reflected wave is opposite to that of the primary reflected wave of the corresponding area of the defect-free composite insulator, judging that the detection surface has defects. The invention utilizes the phase characteristics of ultrasonic wave echo to carry out positioning detection on the internal defects of the composite insulator, and can judge the common defects of debonding, internal carbonization channel, abnormal heating and the like of the composite insulator caused by poor quality and severe operating environment; the internal defects of the composite insulator with the diameter of more than 3mm can be distinguished; the method has the advantages of high detection speed, high accuracy, low cost, no damage to the composite insulator and the like, is suitable for factory detection of products and regular spot check of operation departments, and has extremely high popularization value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the detection technique field of composite insulator, particularly relate to a kind of ultrasonic detection method and automatic rotation failure detector of composite insulator.
Background technology
Composite insulator, because its quality is light, pollution flashover performance is good, and the feature such as cracky, does not replace traditional glass and electric porcelain insulator gradually, be widely applied in electric system.As the key equipment of electrical network, the Stability and dependability that composite insulator runs directly affects the safety of whole electrical network.Existing operating experience shows, although composite insulator overall operation is all right, still has part composite insulator to occur accident.Occur and serious fault to effectively avoid composite insulator, cause huge economic loss, early stage non-destructive monitoring means are essential.
Ultrasonic Detection is most widely used Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement, has detection speed fast, little to equipment damage, the advantages such as registration.Its ultimate principle is the decay in media as well in communication process of the reflection and refraction that utilize ultrasound wave at interface (faying face of the two media that acoustic impedance is different) place and ultrasound wave, ultrasound wave is launched to detected pieces by transmitting probe, the ultrasound wave (reflectometry) that reflects from interface (defect or background) is received or through the transmitted wave (transmission beam method) after detected pieces by receiving transducer, detect detected pieces inside whether existing defects with this, and defect condition is positioned, qualitative and quantitative judges.
For the defect that composite insulator inside may exist, it is generally perpendicular to hyperacoustic incident direction, and it is fit closely for therefore utilizing ultrasound wave to carry out Non-Destructive Testing from principle to composite insulator.
At present, the domestic ultrasonic detection method for composite insulator mainly utilizes the amplitude of echo and energy to detect a flaw.Such as:
Method one: adopt radio frequency amplitude method to detect the bonding interface of composite insulator sheath and plug, ultrasonic inspection wave-shape amplitude is contrasted with bonding good waveforms amplitude, thus judges whether unsticking is good for composite insulator sheath and plug interface.
Method two: utilize the feature echo of composite insulator second contact surface (plug and sheath interface) to characterize bonding situation, during unsticking second contact surface feature backward energy than bonding good time second contact surface feature backward energy larger.
But for the composite insulator run, its surface condition is complicated, usually there is uneven contamination.Further, because the silastic material forming composite insulator overcoat is organic material, at sunlight, moisture, inevitably there will be relatively uneven catabiosis under the effect of electric field.And amplitude and energy determination methods are subject to the interference of surface of composite insulator state and the aging conditions of material own, very easily cause erroneous judgement.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ultrasonic detection method and automatic rotation failure detector of composite insulator, the inherent vice of the phase characteristic of ultrasonic echo to composite insulator is utilized to position detection, the surface state of elimination composite insulator complexity and the aging conditions of material own, to detecting the harmful effect produced, reduce False Rate.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.
A ultrasonic detection method for composite insulator, comprising:
The probe of defect-detecting equipment is positioned the top of the detection faces of tested composite insulator;
The detection faces of the probe of defect-detecting equipment with tested composite insulator is coupled;
Launch ultrasound wave with described probe to the detection faces of tested composite insulator, described detection faces carries out scanning;
Detect the reflection wave first of the detection faces of tested composite insulator, if its phase polarity is contrary with the phase polarity of the reflection wave first of the respective regions of flawless composite insulator, then judge that the detection faces of tested composite insulator has defect.
Preferably, described probe adopts cambered surface ultrasonic probe.
Preferably, in testing process, the central axis upright of described probe is in the detection faces of described tested composite insulator.
Preferably, in testing process, the vertical distance of the detection faces of described probe and tested composite insulator is 1-2mm.
Preferably, in the gap of the detection faces of described probe and tested composite insulator, water is full of.
A kind of ultrasound wave automatic rotation failure detector, comprising: electrical control mechanism, rotating wheel mechanisms that, defect-detecting equipment and scanning and searching mechanism;
Described electrical control mechanism, rotates for manually or automatically controlling rotating wheel mechanisms that, to drive tested composite insulator with its plug for rotating shaft rotates;
Described defect-detecting equipment, has probe, is launched ultrasound wave by the detection faces of probe to tested composite insulator and is detected the phase polarity of the reflection wave first of this detection faces;
Described scanning and searching mechanism, in order to be elevated described probe, adjusts the distance of each detection faces of this probe and tested composite insulator.
Preferably, this device also comprises the sister block location structure for positioning described probe, and it is fixedly assemblied on scanning and searching mechanism, comprising: mounting bracket, the first roller being fixed on the also arrangement in horizontal interval on mounting bracket and the second roller;
Described probe is fixed on mounting bracket, and the central axis upright of probe is in the line of centres of the first roller and the second roller and this probe is positioned at the centre position of the first roller and the second roller, and the bottom surface of probe is higher than the bottom surface of the first roller and the second roller.
Preferably, the vertical distance of the bottom surface of described probe and the bottom surface of the first roller and the second roller is 1-2mm.
Preferably, in testing process, described sister block location structure is dropped to by scanning and searching mechanism on the detection faces of tested composite insulator, and the bottom surface of the first roller and the second roller contacts with detection faces.
Preferably, this device also comprises:
Riding wheel apparatus, for supporting to make it be the level of state to described tested composite insulator;
Insulator boiling pond, for carrying out poach experiment to described tested composite insulator.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect is in the present invention:
1) because defect area exists obvious difference with the echo polarity of bonding good area, ultrasonic echo phase place is thus utilized can well to judge the inherent vice of composite insulator;
2) composite insulator is because quality is not good, running environment severe and the common deficiencies such as the unsticking caused, inner carbonization passage, abnormal heating to utilize ultrasonic echo phase method to judge;
3) ultrasonic echo phase method is utilized can to distinguish the composite insulator inherent vice of diameter at more than 3mm;
4) compared to other isolator detecting methods current, ultrasonic echo phase method detection speed is fast, with low cost, to composite insulator not damaged, is applicable to the factory testing of product and the regular sampling observation of the department of operation, has high promotional value.
5) utilize sister block location structure to position probe, the roller that can directly decline when detecting makes the surface of its light pressure composite insulator, thus ensure probe vertical in surface of composite insulator and distance remain unchanged, effectively ensure that the accuracy of detection.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that in the embodiment of the present invention, ultrasound wave reflects schematic diagram at heterogeneous interface;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of sister block location structure in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of cambered surface probe in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of ultrasound wave automatic rotation failure detector in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the ultrasonic detection method process flow diagram of composite insulator in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the testing result to standard sample different pore size in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
In the present invention, the ultimate principle based on the composite insulator detection method of ultrasonic echo phase characteristic is as described below.
As shown in Figure 1, on silicon rubber good interface bonding with plug, hyperacoustic interface being reflected in medium a (silicon rubber) and medium b (plug) occurs; Exist on the interface of the phenomenons such as unsticking at silicon rubber and plug, hyperacoustic interface being reflected in medium a (silicon rubber) and medium c (air) occurs.
The computing formula of pressure reflection ratio is as follows:
Wherein, Z
1represent the acoustic impedance of first medium, Z
2represent the acoustic impedance of second medium.
(1) on the interface of silicon rubber and plug, reflectivity result of calculation is as follows:
The acoustic impedance Z of plug
2=6.6MRayL, the acoustic impedance Z of silicon rubber
1=1.66MRayL, then reflectivity R=(6.6-1.66)/(6.6+1.66)=0.598.
(2) on the interface of silicon rubber and air, reflectivity result of calculation is as follows:
The acoustic impedance Z of air
2=0.0004MRayL, the acoustic impedance Z of silicon rubber
1=1.66MRayL, then reflectivity R=(0.0004-1.66)/(0.0004+1.66)=-0.99952.
As can be seen from above-mentioned calculating, two kinds of different interfaces, the difference of pressure reflection ratio comprises:
A. phase differential: on the interface of silicon rubber and plug, reflectivity is positive number; On the interface of silicon rubber and air, reflectivity is negative.Specific to the display on instrument waveform, a phase place just (Mintrop wave is positive level) is, a phase place is negative (Mintrop wave is negative level).
B. amplitude difference: the difference of reflectivity absolute value, shows on the waveform of instrument, there is the amplitude difference (20*log10 (R1/R2)=20*log10 (0.99952/0.598)=4.5dB) of about 4.5dB between the two.
Heterogeneous interface phase polarity and amplitude difference can be used for detecting composite insulator inherent vice in theory.But, amplitude can be subject to coupling state and the impact of insulator surface state, because coupling state and surface state can affect decay when incident wave enters insulator sheath from probe, and the decay of reflection echo when returning probe from sheath, namely have impact on reflection wave strength (amplitude).And phase polarity only depends on the acoustic impedance of heterogeneous (silicon rubber and air, silicon rubber and plug) both sides, interface material, catadioptric coefficient is calculated according to acoustic impedance, thus obtain reflection wave phase polarity, so phase polarity can not be subject to coupling state and the impact of insulator surface state.Thus, can main judgment basis using phase polarity as defect, and amplitude is as auxiliary means.
Based on above principle, use the CTS-1008 type reflectoscope that south electric network research institute and Guangdong Shantou Goworld Co., Ltd. Ultrasonic Instrument Branch Company develop below, or the defectoscope that technical parameter is similar with it carries out the detection of ultrasonic echo method to composite insulator.
Due to the length of composite insulator used for transmission line longer (500kV insulator is all at more than 4m), region to be checked is comparatively large, therefore needs to be placed on by composite insulator on an automatic rotation platform when detecting.Be beneficial to detect a flaw fast and accurately.Ultrasound wave automatic rotation platform need meet following requirement:
(1) rotate steadily, in the process rotated, remain that the central axis of ultrasonic probe is in insulator surface and good coupling.
(2) probe is fixed well, and for avoiding probe wearing and tearing in testing process, and composite insulator jacket surface is popped one's head in scuffing, and probe directly can not contact jacket surface.Simultaneously in order to ensure Detection results, probe should be fixed with the spacing of composite insulator sheath.
(3) coupling area is large, guarantee to pop one's head in do not contact jacket surface prerequisite under, increase the contact area of probe and composite insulator as far as possible.
In order to ensure the steady of rotation, ensure the accuracy of probe location when detecting simultaneously, sister block location structure is adopted in the present embodiment, with two stainless steel bearings as roller, gently be pressed in the silastic surface of composite insulator, rotate along with composite insulator and rotate, being no matter the beating of composite insulator, dipping and heaving, left and right distortion etc. change, remaining the contact with composite insulator.Probe 03 is fixed on the mounting bracket of roller 01 and roller 02, and the central axis upright of probe 03 in the line of centres of roller 01 and roller 02, and is positioned at the centre of two rollers, as shown in Figure 2.
Simultaneously in order to increase efficient coupling area, adopt the cambered surface ultrasonic probe that south electric network research institute and Guangdong Shantou Goworld Co., Ltd. Ultrasonic Instrument Branch Company develop jointly, cambered surface probe 03 as shown in Figure 3.In testing process, the distance of cambered surface ultrasonic probe and composite insulator should remain between 1-2mm, and need ensure to be full of water in probe and the gap of insulator surface.
For high-pressure synthetic isolator ultrasound wave automatic rotation failure detector as shown in Figure 4, it mainly comprises following ingredient:
Electrical control mechanism 1, its panel has scram button, start button, power light, rotating forward, reversion and speed select gear etc., and the automatic or manual that can realize whirligig controls.
Rotating wheel mechanisms that 2, can steadily, low noise, low vibration rotation insulator.
Scanning and searching mechanism 3, popping one's head in is fixed thereon by sister block location structure, can the lifting ultrasonic probe of exactly in testing process, and ensures that the distance between probe and sheath keeps certain.
Defect-detecting equipment 4 is CTS-2008 defectoscope, or the ultrasonic testing apparatus that technical parameter is close with it.
Aluminium chassis 5, hanger rail 6 grade is metal support structure.
Riding wheel apparatus 8, for supporting sample composite insulator 7.
Insulator boiling pond 9, for carrying out poach accelerated deterioration to insulator 7.
As shown in Figure 5, the method that application sister block location structure and above-mentioned ultrasound wave automatic rotation detection platform carry out detecting is:
501, control rotating wheel mechanisms that 2 by electrical control mechanism 1 to rotate, thus rotate tested composite insulator until detection faces upward.
502, scanning and searching mechanism 3 is regulated up and down, sister block location structure fixed thereon is moved to directly over tested composite insulator 7 and roller 01 and roller 02 are gently pressed in the surface of insulator sheath, be now fixed on probe 03 on sister block location structure with the detection faces of tested composite insulator 7 perpendicular the and vertical 1-2mm of distance for presetting.
503, the detection faces of the probe 03 of defect-detecting equipment 4 with tested composite insulator 7 is coupled.
504, launch ultrasound wave with described probe 03 to the detection faces of tested composite insulator 7, detection faces carries out scanning;
505, detect the reflection wave first of the detection faces of tested composite insulator 7, if its phase polarity is contrary with the phase polarity of the reflection wave first of the respective regions of flawless composite insulator, then judge that the detection faces of tested composite insulator has defect.
In the present embodiment, use defect-detecting equipment to detect a flaw to the compound inslation subsample that inside exists different size defect, result of detection is as described below:
The detection of (a) flat samples
Adopt the fiberglass identical with composite electric insulator core bar material acoustic resistance to make the sample panel of standard, wherein glass epoxy is drilled with the hole of different size.Pore diameter is respectively 5mm, 4mm, 3mm, 1.5mm.And then the silicon rubber identical with insulator sheath material is covered on glass epoxy.Use the testing result that obtains of ultrasonic detection equipment as shown in Figure 6:
Test findings shows, for the compound inslation subsample of inside containing fine defects, the difference of its amplitude is also not obvious, consider that on-the-spot insulator surface situation is more complicated, past utilizes merely amplitude to judge the defect of composite insulator and unreliable, and utilize phase of echo judge intuitively convenient, can judge more than 3mm defect.
The detection of (b) actual unsticking insulator
Detect reality unsticking insulator, can find, for the composite insulator that bonding situation there are differences, its phase of echo will occur significantly oppositely.
C () plug there is the insulator of carbonized path
For there being the insulator of carbonized path to carry out ultrasound examination, can find, occur the defect area of carbonized path and do not occur the area free from defect of carbonized path, its head wave of ultrasonic wave polarity is different.
There is the insulator of local pyrexia defect in (d)
The composite insulator that there is temperature rise by the local that infrared detection finds for scene carries out ultrasound examination, finds equally, occurs the defect area of temperature rise and does not occur the area free from defect of temperature rise, and its head wave of ultrasonic wave polarity is different.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a ultrasonic detection method for composite insulator, is characterized in that, the method comprises:
The probe of defect-detecting equipment is positioned the top of the detection faces of tested composite insulator;
The detection faces of described probe with tested composite insulator is coupled;
Launch ultrasound wave with described probe to the detection faces of tested composite insulator, described detection faces carries out scanning;
Detect the reflection wave first of the detection faces of tested composite insulator, if its phase polarity is contrary with the phase polarity of the reflection wave first of the respective regions of flawless composite insulator, then judge that the detection faces of tested composite insulator has defect.
2. the ultrasonic detection method of composite insulator as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described probe adopts cambered surface ultrasonic probe.
3. the ultrasonic detection method of composite insulator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in testing process, the central axis upright of described probe is in the detection faces of described tested composite insulator.
4. the ultrasonic detection method of composite insulator as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in testing process, the vertical distance of the detection faces of described probe and tested composite insulator is 1-2mm.
5. the ultrasonic detection method of composite insulator as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, in the gap of the detection faces of described probe and tested composite insulator, be full of water.
6. a ultrasound wave automatic rotation failure detector, is characterized in that, this device comprises: electrical control mechanism, rotating wheel mechanisms that, defect-detecting equipment and scanning and searching mechanism;
Described electrical control mechanism, rotates for manually or automatically controlling rotating wheel mechanisms that, to drive tested composite insulator with its plug for rotating shaft rotates;
Described defect-detecting equipment, has probe, is launched ultrasound wave by the detection faces of probe to tested composite insulator and is detected the phase polarity of the reflection wave first of this detection faces;
Described scanning and searching mechanism, in order to be elevated described probe, adjusts the distance of each detection faces of this probe and tested composite insulator.
7. ultrasound wave automatic rotation failure detector as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, this device also comprises the sister block location structure for positioning described probe, it is fixedly assemblied on scanning and searching mechanism, comprising: mounting bracket, the first roller being fixed on the also arrangement in horizontal interval on mounting bracket and the second roller;
Described probe is fixed on mounting bracket, and the central axis upright of probe is in the line of centres of the first roller and the second roller and the centre position of this probe between the first roller and the second roller, and the bottom surface of probe is higher than the bottom surface of the first roller and the second roller.
8. ultrasound wave automatic rotation failure detector as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the vertical distance of the bottom surface of described probe and the bottom surface of the first roller and the second roller is 1-2mm.
9. ultrasound wave automatic rotation failure detector as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, in testing process, described sister block location structure is dropped to by scanning and searching mechanism on the detection faces of tested composite insulator, and the bottom surface of the first roller and the second roller contacts with detection faces.
10. the ultrasound wave automatic rotation failure detector as described in as arbitrary in claim 6 to 9, it is characterized in that, this device also comprises:
Riding wheel apparatus, for supporting to make it be the level of state to described tested composite insulator;
Insulator boiling pond, for carrying out poach experiment to described tested composite insulator.
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Cited By (13)
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| CN105388188A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-03-09 | 国家电网公司 | Organic material insulating part surface charring channel formation prediction method |
| CN105911398A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-08-31 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Method for detecting composite insulator interface |
| CN106225454A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2016-12-14 | 桂林浩新科技服务有限公司 | A kind of auto-parts baking box that can detect a flaw |
| CN106595984A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-04-26 | 国家电网公司 | Combined electric appliance flange glue filling sealing detection method |
| CN107449788A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-12-08 | 国网江苏省电力公司连云港供电公司 | A kind of used in composite insulator four-degree-of-freedom defect detection platform |
| CN109406443A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-03-01 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Composite insulator void defects method of discrimination, detection method, device and storage medium |
| CN109709111A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-03 | 江苏双汇电力发展股份有限公司 | Composite insulator ultra-wideband radio frequency sensing smart fitting and using method |
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Application publication date: 20150325 |