CN104454715B - A kind of secondary regulation system based on electrical control - Google Patents
A kind of secondary regulation system based on electrical control Download PDFInfo
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- CN104454715B CN104454715B CN201410723804.4A CN201410723804A CN104454715B CN 104454715 B CN104454715 B CN 104454715B CN 201410723804 A CN201410723804 A CN 201410723804A CN 104454715 B CN104454715 B CN 104454715B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
- F15B11/17—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors using two or more pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
- F15B21/08—Servomotor systems incorporating electrically operated control means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
- F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
- F15B2211/20546—Type of pump variable capacity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/21—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge
- F15B2211/212—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge the pressure sources being accumulators
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于电气控制的二次调节系统,其包括液压蓄能器、电量储存单元、驱动电机、第一电动/发电机、第二电动/发电机、第一电机控制器、第二电机控制器、逆变器、第一变量泵/马达、第二变量泵/马达、换向阀、梭阀、安全阀、控制器等,本发明采用变量泵/马达和电动/发电机代替传统的液压变压器或者比例换向阀作为二次调节系统中恒压源和负载压力和流量的匹配,通过调节变量泵/马达的排量匹配液压蓄能器和负载压力,通过调节电动/发电机的转速来控制执行器的速度,此外通过电动/发电机和变量泵/马达的多象限工作实现驱动负载压力高于液压蓄能器压力的场合,解决了传统二次调节系统难以适应做直线驱动的执行器和难以驱动负载压力高于液压蓄能器压力的不足之处。
The invention discloses a secondary regulation system based on electrical control, which includes a hydraulic accumulator, an electric power storage unit, a driving motor, a first motor/generator, a second motor/generator, a first motor controller, a second Motor controller, inverter, first variable pump/motor, second variable pump/motor, reversing valve, shuttle valve, safety valve, controller, etc. The present invention uses variable variable pump/motor and electric motor/generator to replace traditional The hydraulic transformer or proportional reversing valve is used as the constant pressure source in the secondary regulation system to match the load pressure and flow. By adjusting the displacement of the variable pump/motor to match the hydraulic accumulator and the load pressure, by adjusting the motor/generator The rotational speed is used to control the speed of the actuator. In addition, the multi-quadrant operation of the electric/generator and the variable pump/motor realizes the situation where the driving load pressure is higher than the pressure of the hydraulic accumulator, which solves the problem that the traditional secondary regulation system is difficult to adapt to linear drive. Inadequacies of actuators and difficult to actuate load pressures higher than hydraulic accumulator pressure.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及驱动系统技术领域,尤其是指种一种基于电气控制的二次调节系统。The invention relates to the technical field of drive systems, in particular to a secondary regulation system based on electrical control.
背景技术Background technique
面对全球性的能源危机、环境污染等重大问题,各种机械装备亟需应对节能环保的压力,绿色环保型的机械装备理念已逐渐显露,努力在技术上寻求新的解决方案。目前常用的液压系统节能主要有二次调节技术、开中心、负载敏感、负流量和正流量控制等几种典型的液压控制系统。其中二次调节技术目前已经开始得到了应用。In the face of global energy crisis, environmental pollution and other major problems, all kinds of machinery and equipment urgently need to cope with the pressure of energy conservation and environmental protection. The concept of green and environment-friendly machinery and equipment has gradually emerged, and efforts are being made to seek new solutions in technology. At present, the commonly used hydraulic system energy saving mainly includes several typical hydraulic control systems such as secondary adjustment technology, open center, load sensing, negative flow and positive flow control. Among them, the secondary regulation technology has already begun to be applied.
早在1977年,德国汉堡国防工业大学的Nikolaus教授即提出了二次静液调节技术的概念。我们将液压系统中能将机械能转化为液压能的原件称为一次原件,将机械能与液压能互相转换的原件称为二次元件。二次静液调节技术即是以二次元件为核心的一种能量调节技术。As early as 1977, Professor Nikolaus of the University of Defense Technology in Hamburg, Germany, proposed the concept of secondary hydrostatic regulation technology. We refer to the elements in the hydraulic system that can convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy as primary elements, and the elements that convert mechanical energy and hydraulic energy into each other are called secondary elements. Secondary hydrostatic regulation technology is a kind of energy regulation technology with secondary components as the core.
二次静液调节的研究经历了液压直接转速控制、液压先导调速控制、机液调速控制、电液转速控制、电液转角控制、电液转矩控制等不同对象的控制以及与PID控制,神经网络控制等先进控制算法的结合,来获得较好的动态特性,有效地降低了系统装机功率,获得了显著的节能效果。The research on the secondary hydrostatic adjustment has experienced the control of different objects such as hydraulic direct speed control, hydraulic pilot speed control, machine-hydraulic speed control, electro-hydraulic speed control, electro-hydraulic rotation angle control, electro-hydraulic torque control, and the control of different objects and PID control. , Neural network control and other advanced control algorithms are combined to obtain better dynamic characteristics, effectively reduce the installed power of the system, and obtain a significant energy-saving effect.
但由于二次调节技术研究的对象为基于压力耦联的恒压网络,因此液压执行元件的某一个参数必须能够进行调节,从而和负载功率匹配。在恒压网络中的液压执行元件为可调节排量的液压马达/泵,因此该技术可应用于回转驱动,但由于液压泵/马达的转速控制必须闭环控制,由于液压系统的强非线性的特点,液压泵/马达的转速难以精确控制,同时在启动和制动瞬间存在较大的冲击。而对于做直线运动的液压缸来说,由于液压缸的截面积不可改变,因此二次调节技术不能直接适用于直线运动的系统。目前的研究者一般采用以下两种方案:一种采用接入液压变压器的方法来实现恒压油源和做直线运动的变压负载的匹配,但是引入液压变压器会使得系统结构复杂,不利于实际的生产应用;另外一种是采用比例换向阀直接控制,但由于液压蓄能器压力和负载压力的不匹配,必然导致在比例换向阀的阀口上产生大量的节流损耗,同时该方案中比例换向阀不能增压,要求液压蓄能器压力高于负载压力。However, since the research object of the secondary adjustment technology is the constant pressure network based on pressure coupling, a certain parameter of the hydraulic actuator must be able to be adjusted to match the load power. The hydraulic actuator in the constant pressure network is a hydraulic motor/pump with adjustable displacement, so this technology can be applied to the rotary drive, but because the speed control of the hydraulic pump/motor must be closed-loop control, due to the strong nonlinearity of the hydraulic system It is difficult to precisely control the speed of the hydraulic pump/motor, and there is a large impact at the moment of starting and braking. As for the hydraulic cylinder that does linear motion, since the cross-sectional area of the hydraulic cylinder cannot be changed, the secondary adjustment technology cannot be directly applied to the linear motion system. The current researchers generally adopt the following two schemes: one adopts the method of connecting the hydraulic transformer to realize the matching of the constant voltage oil source and the variable voltage load for linear motion, but the introduction of the hydraulic transformer will make the system structure complicated, which is not conducive to the actual production application; the other is to use the proportional directional valve for direct control, but due to the mismatch between the pressure of the hydraulic accumulator and the load pressure, it will inevitably lead to a large amount of throttling loss on the valve port of the proportional directional valve. At the same time, this scheme The medium proportional directional valve cannot be pressurized, requiring the hydraulic accumulator pressure to be higher than the load pressure.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此,本发明针对现有技术存在之缺失,其主要目的在于提供一种基于电气控制的二次调节系统,该系统结构相对简单、能够减小节流损耗、能适用于负载压力高于液压蓄能器压力的场合,同时能够实现转台驱动扭矩和转速的调节。In view of this, the present invention addresses the deficiencies in the prior art, and its main purpose is to provide a secondary regulation system based on electrical control, which has a relatively simple structure, can reduce throttling losses, and can be applied to load pressures higher than In the case of hydraulic accumulator pressure, it can also realize the adjustment of the drive torque and speed of the turntable.
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种基于电气控制的二次调节系统,其包括驱动电机、液压泵、安全阀、逆变器、单向阀、电量储存单元、第一电机控制器、第一电动/发电机、第一变量泵/马达、换向阀、第一压力传感器、梭阀、油缸、第二电机控制器、第二电动/发电机、第二变量泵/马达、减速器、转台、液压蓄能器、第二压力传感器、其它执行器液压驱动系统以及控制器;A secondary regulation system based on electrical control, which includes a drive motor, a hydraulic pump, a safety valve, an inverter, a one-way valve, a power storage unit, a first motor controller, a first motor/generator, a first variable Pump/motor, reversing valve, first pressure sensor, shuttle valve, oil cylinder, second motor controller, second motor/generator, second variable pump/motor, reducer, turntable, hydraulic accumulator, second Pressure sensors, other actuator hydraulic drive systems and controllers;
驱动电机和液压泵同轴机械相连;第一变量泵/马达和第一电动/发电机同轴机械相连;第二变量泵/马达、减速器的输入轴以及第二电动/发电机同轴机械相连;减速器的输出轴和转台机械相连;The drive motor is mechanically connected to the hydraulic pump; the first variable pump/motor is mechanically connected to the first motor/generator; the second variable pump/motor, the input shaft of the reducer, and the second motor/generator are mechanically connected to each other connected; the output shaft of the reducer is mechanically connected with the turntable;
液压泵的出口分两路:第一路接安全阀;第二路接单向阀的进油口;单向阀的出口分五路:第一路接第一变量泵/马达的进油口,第一变量泵/马达的出油口和换向阀的P口相连;第二路接第二变量泵/马达的进油口,第二变量泵/马达的出油口接油箱;第三路接液压蓄能器;第四路接第二压力传感器;第五路接其它执行器液压驱动系统;,换向阀的T口接油箱,换向阀的A口和梭阀的油口A1以及油缸的无杆腔相连,换向阀的B口和梭阀的油口A2以及油缸的有杆腔相连;The outlet of the hydraulic pump is divided into two ways: the first way is connected to the safety valve; the second way is connected to the oil inlet of the one-way valve; the outlet of the one-way valve is divided into five ways: the first way is connected to the oil inlet of the first variable pump/motor The oil outlet of the first variable pump/motor is connected to the P port of the reversing valve; the second road is connected to the oil inlet of the second variable pump/motor, and the oil outlet of the second variable pump/motor is connected to the oil tank; the third The road is connected to the hydraulic accumulator; the fourth road is connected to the second pressure sensor; the fifth road is connected to other actuator hydraulic drive systems; the T port of the reversing valve is connected to the oil tank, the A port of the reversing valve and the oil port A1 of the shuttle valve It is connected with the rodless chamber of the oil cylinder, and the B port of the reversing valve is connected with the oil port A2 of the shuttle valve and the rod chamber of the oil cylinder;
逆变器、第一电机控制器的电源输入端以及第二电机控制器的电源输入端和电量储存单元相连,第一电机控制器的动力输出端和第一电动/发电机电性相连,第二电机控制器的动力输出端和第二电动/发电机电性相连;The inverter, the power input end of the first motor controller and the power input end of the second motor controller are connected to the power storage unit, the power output end of the first motor controller is electrically connected to the first motor/generator, and the second The power output end of the motor controller is electrically connected to the second motor/generator;
控制器的输入信号包括第一压力传感器的输出信号以及第二压力传感器的输出信号;控制器的输出信号包括第一电机控制器的输入信号、第二电机控制器的输入信号以及逆变器的输入信号。The input signal of the controller includes the output signal of the first pressure sensor and the output signal of the second pressure sensor; the output signal of the controller includes the input signal of the first motor controller, the input signal of the second motor controller and the inverter input signal.
较佳地,所述第一电动/发电机和所述第二电动/发电机均安装有测量转速的传感器,所述传感器为旋转变压器或光电编码器。Preferably, both the first motor/generator and the second motor/generator are equipped with sensors for measuring rotational speed, and the sensors are rotary transformers or photoelectric encoders.
在上述方案中,所述换向阀为手动控制换向阀、电磁控制换向阀、电液控制换向阀以及液动控制换向阀中的一种。In the above solution, the reversing valve is one of a manual control reversing valve, an electromagnetic control reversing valve, an electro-hydraulic control reversing valve and a hydraulic control reversing valve.
在上述方案中,所述其它执行器液压驱动系统包括用以驱动其它油缸直线运动的油缸驱动系统和用以驱动其它转台做旋转运动的转台驱动系统。In the above solution, the hydraulic drive system of other actuators includes a cylinder drive system for driving other oil cylinders to move linearly, and a turntable drive system for driving other turntables to make rotary movements.
本发明与现有技术相比具有明显的优点和有益效果,由上述技术方案可知:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects, as can be seen from the above-mentioned technical scheme:
该系统为基于液压马达发电机压差控制的单泵多执行器的负载敏感系统,既能保证执行器获得和先导操作信号成比例的流量,又可回收传统负载敏感系统消耗在定差减压阀阀口的能量;具体而言:The system is a single-pump multi-actuator load-sensing system based on differential pressure control of the hydraulic motor generator, which can not only ensure that the actuator obtains a flow rate proportional to the pilot operation signal, but also recover the consumption of the traditional load-sensing system in the constant differential decompression. The energy at the valve port; specifically:
1)采用了变量泵/马达和电动/发电机作为二次调节系统中恒压源压力和负载压力和流量的调节单元,由于变量泵/马达和电动/发电机的控制为排量或转速控制,实现了液压系统无节流损耗;1) The variable variable pump/motor and electric motor/generator are used as the adjustment units for the constant pressure source pressure and load pressure and flow in the secondary regulation system. Since the control of the variable variable pump/motor and electric motor/generator is displacement or speed control , to achieve no throttling loss in the hydraulic system;
2)当执行器做直线运动时,通过调节第一变量泵/马达的排量来匹配液压蓄能器压力和负载压力的差值,调节第一电动/发电机的转速来控制油缸的速度;当负载压力小于液压蓄能器压力时,第一电动/发电机工作在发电模式,第一变量泵/马达工作在马达模式,此时把液压蓄能器压力和负载压力的压差液压能通过第一变量泵/马达驱动第一电动/发电机转换成电能储存在电量储存单元中;同理,当负载压力大于液压蓄能器压力时,第一电动/发电机工作在电动模式,第一变量泵/马达工作在泵模式,此时电量储存单元释放电能,通过第一电动/发电机驱动第一变量泵/马达将液压蓄能器储存的液压油输送至直线驱动油缸,实现增压功能;解决了传统二次调节系统应用于直线驱动油缸时采用比例换向阀时存在大量压差节流损耗和不能适用于负载压力高于液压蓄能器压力的场合;2) When the actuator is moving in a straight line, adjust the displacement of the first variable pump/motor to match the difference between the pressure of the hydraulic accumulator and the load pressure, and adjust the speed of the first motor/generator to control the speed of the oil cylinder; When the load pressure is lower than the pressure of the hydraulic accumulator, the first electric motor/generator works in the power generation mode, and the first variable displacement pump/motor works in the motor mode. At this time, the differential hydraulic energy between the hydraulic accumulator pressure and the load pressure passes through The first variable pump/motor drives the first electric motor/generator and converts it into electrical energy and stores it in the power storage unit; similarly, when the load pressure is greater than the pressure of the hydraulic accumulator, the first electric motor/generator works in electric mode, and the first The variable displacement pump/motor works in the pump mode. At this time, the power storage unit releases electric energy, and the first variable displacement pump/motor is driven by the first electric motor/generator to deliver the hydraulic oil stored in the hydraulic accumulator to the linear drive cylinder to realize the boost function. ; Solve the problem that when the traditional secondary adjustment system is applied to the linear drive cylinder and the proportional reversing valve is used, there is a large amount of pressure differential throttling loss and cannot be applied to occasions where the load pressure is higher than the pressure of the hydraulic accumulator;
3)当执行器做旋转运动时,通过调节第二变量泵/马达的排量来调节转台的驱动扭矩,调节第二电动/发电机的转速来控制转台的转速;解决了传统二次调节系统中采用变量泵/马达驱动转台时具有启动和制动冲击较大和转速难以控制的不足;3) When the actuator rotates, the driving torque of the turntable is adjusted by adjusting the displacement of the second variable pump/motor, and the speed of the turntable is controlled by adjusting the speed of the second motor/generator; the traditional secondary adjustment system is solved When the variable pump/motor is used to drive the turntable, it has the disadvantages of large start and brake impact and difficult control of the speed;
4)动力系统采用了液压蓄能器作为稳压源,驱动电机和负载无机械连接,负载的波动不会影响驱动电机的工作状态,驱动电机可以根据液压蓄能器的压力工作在高效区域,同时驱动电机只需要输出负载的平均功率,降低了对驱动电机的功率等级。4) The power system uses a hydraulic accumulator as a voltage stabilizing source. There is no mechanical connection between the drive motor and the load. The fluctuation of the load will not affect the working state of the drive motor. The drive motor can work in a high-efficiency area according to the pressure of the hydraulic accumulator. At the same time, the driving motor only needs to output the average power of the load, which reduces the power level of the driving motor.
为更清楚地阐述本发明的结构特征和功效,下面结合附图与具体实施例来对本发明进行详细说明。In order to more clearly illustrate the structural features and functions of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图是本发明之较佳实施例的整体结构框图。Accompanying drawing is the overall structural block diagram of preferred embodiment of the present invention.
附图标识说明:Explanation of the accompanying drawings:
1、驱动电机 2、液压泵1. Drive motor 2. Hydraulic pump
3、安全阀 4、逆变器3. Safety valve 4. Inverter
5、单向阀 6、电量储存单元5. One-way valve 6. Power storage unit
7、第一电机控制器 8、第一电动/发电机7. The first motor controller 8. The first motor/generator
9、第一变量泵/马达 10、换向阀9. First variable pump/motor 10. Reversing valve
11、第一压力传感器 12、梭阀11. First pressure sensor 12. Shuttle valve
13、油缸 14、第二电机控制器13. Oil cylinder 14. Second motor controller
15、第二电动/发电机 16、第二变量泵/马达15. Second electric motor/generator 16. Second variable displacement pump/motor
17、减速器 18、转台17. Reducer 18. Turntable
19、液压蓄能器 20、第二压力传感器19. Hydraulic accumulator 20. Second pressure sensor
21、其它执行器液压系统 22、控制器21. Hydraulic system of other actuators 22. Controller
具体实施方式detailed description
请参照附图1所示,其显示出了本发明之较佳实施例的具体结构,Please refer to shown in accompanying drawing 1, it has shown the specific structure of preferred embodiment of the present invention,
一种基于电气控制的二次调节系统,其包括驱动电机(1)、液压泵(2)、安全阀(3)、逆变器(4)、单向阀(5)、电量储存单元(6)、第一电机控制器(7)、第一电动/发电机(8)、第一变量泵/马达(9)、换向阀(10)、第一压力传感器(11)、梭阀(12)、油缸(13)、第二电机控制器(14)、第二电动/发电机(15)、第二变量泵/马达(16)、减速器(17)、转台(18)、液压蓄能器(19)、第二压力传感器(20)、其它执行器液压驱动系统(21)以及控制器(22);A secondary regulation system based on electrical control, which includes a drive motor (1), a hydraulic pump (2), a safety valve (3), an inverter (4), a one-way valve (5), an electric storage unit (6 ), the first motor controller (7), the first motor/generator (8), the first variable pump/motor (9), the reversing valve (10), the first pressure sensor (11), the shuttle valve (12 ), oil cylinder (13), second motor controller (14), second electric motor/generator (15), second variable displacement pump/motor (16), reducer (17), turntable (18), hydraulic energy storage Device (19), second pressure sensor (20), other actuator hydraulic drive system (21) and controller (22);
驱动电机(1)和液压泵(2)同轴机械相连;第一变量泵/马达(9)和第一电动/发电机(8)同轴机械相连;第二变量泵/马达(16)、减速器(17)的输入轴和第二电动/发电机(15)同轴机械相连;减速器(17)的输出轴和转台(18)机械相连;The driving motor (1) is mechanically connected with the hydraulic pump (2); the first variable pump/motor (9) is mechanically connected with the first electric motor/generator (8); the second variable pump/motor (16), The input shaft of the reducer (17) is mechanically connected with the second motor/generator (15); the output shaft of the reducer (17) is mechanically connected with the turntable (18);
液压泵(2)的出口分两路:第一路接安全阀(3);第二路接单向阀(5)的进油口;单向阀(5)的出口分五路:第一路接第一变量泵/马达(9)的进油口,第一变量泵/马达(9)的出油口和换向阀(10)的P口相连;第二路接第二变量泵/马达(16)的进油口,第二变量泵/马达(16)的出油口接油箱;第三路接液压蓄能器(19);第四路接第二压力传感器(20);第五路接其它执行器液压驱动系统(21);换向阀(10)的T口接油箱,换向阀(10)的A口和梭阀(12)的油口A1以及油缸(13)的无杆腔相连,换向阀(10)的B口和梭阀(12)的油口A2以及油缸(13)的有杆腔相连;The outlet of the hydraulic pump (2) is divided into two routes: the first route is connected to the safety valve (3); the second route is connected to the oil inlet of the check valve (5); the outlet of the check valve (5) is divided into five routes: the first The road is connected to the oil inlet port of the first variable pump/motor (9), and the oil outlet port of the first variable pump/motor (9) is connected to the P port of the reversing valve (10); the second road is connected to the second variable pump/ The oil inlet of the motor (16) and the oil outlet of the second variable pump/motor (16) are connected to the oil tank; the third road is connected to the hydraulic accumulator (19); the fourth road is connected to the second pressure sensor (20); The five-way is connected to other actuator hydraulic drive systems (21); the T port of the reversing valve (10) is connected to the oil tank, the A port of the reversing valve (10) and the oil port A1 of the shuttle valve (12) and the oil cylinder (13) The rodless cavity is connected, and the B port of the reversing valve (10) is connected with the oil port A2 of the shuttle valve (12) and the rod cavity of the oil cylinder (13);
逆变器(4)、第一电机控制器(7)、第二电机控制器(14)的电源输入端和电量储存单元(6)相连,第一电机控制器(7)的动力输出端和第一电动/发电机(8)电性相连,第二电机控制器(14)的动力输出端和第二电动/发电机(15)电性相连;The power input terminals of the inverter (4), the first motor controller (7), and the second motor controller (14) are connected to the power storage unit (6), and the power output terminals of the first motor controller (7) and The first motor/generator (8) is electrically connected, and the power output end of the second motor controller (14) is electrically connected to the second motor/generator (15);
控制器(22)的输入信号包括第一压力传感器(11)的输出信号以及第二压力传感器(20)的输出信号;控制器(22)的输出信号包括第一电机控制器(7)的输入信号、第二电机控制器(14)的输入信号以及逆变器(4)的输入信号。The input signal of the controller (22) includes the output signal of the first pressure sensor (11) and the output signal of the second pressure sensor (20); the output signal of the controller (22) includes the input of the first motor controller (7) signal, the input signal of the second motor controller (14) and the input signal of the inverter (4).
作为一种优选方式,所述第一电动/发电机(8)和所述第二电动/发电机(15)均安装有测量转速的传感器,所述传感器为旋转变压器或光电编码器。As a preferred manner, both the first motor/generator (8) and the second motor/generator (15) are equipped with sensors for measuring rotational speed, and the sensors are rotary transformers or photoelectric encoders.
在上述方案中,所述换向阀(10)为手动控制换向阀、电磁控制换向阀、电液控制换向阀以及液动控制换向阀中的一种。In the above solution, the reversing valve (10) is one of a manual control reversing valve, an electromagnetic control reversing valve, an electro-hydraulic control reversing valve and a hydraulic control reversing valve.
在上述方案中,所述其它执行器液压驱动系统包括用以驱动其它油缸直线运动的油缸驱动系统和用以驱动其它转台做旋转运动的转台驱动系统。本发明是以转台和油缸为例进行详细说明,实际上一台机器可能由多个油缸或者多个转台组成,但原理和本发明是一样的。In the above solution, the hydraulic drive system of other actuators includes a cylinder drive system for driving other oil cylinders to move linearly, and a turntable drive system for driving other turntables to make rotary movements. The present invention is described in detail by taking the turntable and the oil cylinder as examples. In fact, a machine may be composed of multiple oil cylinders or multiple turntables, but the principle is the same as that of the present invention.
本发明的具体工作原理如下:Concrete working principle of the present invention is as follows:
(1)动力源工作规则(1) Working rules of power source
通过第二压力传感器20获得液压蓄能器19的压力pa,设定二次调节系统恒压源(即液压蓄能器19)的工作压力范围pamax和pamin,且pamax大于pamin。当pa<pamin时,控制器22输出使能信号使得逆变器4输出,启动驱动电机1工作,液压泵2输出液压油对液压蓄能器19充油,液压蓄能器19的压力升高;当pa>pamax时,控制器22输出非使能信号使得逆变器4不输出,驱动电机1停止工作,液压泵2不输出液压油,由于单向阀5的作用,液压蓄能器19的高压液压油不会倒流到液压泵2。Obtain the pressure pa of the hydraulic accumulator 19 through the second pressure sensor 20, set the working pressure range pamax and pamin of the constant pressure source of the secondary adjustment system (ie, the hydraulic accumulator 19), and pamax is greater than pamin . When p a < p amin , the controller 22 outputs an enable signal to make the inverter 4 output, start the drive motor 1 to work, the hydraulic pump 2 outputs hydraulic oil to charge the hydraulic accumulator 19, and the pressure of the hydraulic accumulator 19 When p a >p amax , the controller 22 outputs a non-enabling signal so that the inverter 4 does not output, the drive motor 1 stops working, and the hydraulic pump 2 does not output hydraulic oil. Due to the effect of the check valve 5, the hydraulic pressure The high-pressure hydraulic oil in the accumulator 19 will not flow back to the hydraulic pump 2 .
(2)直线驱动工作原理(2) Working principle of linear drive
当二次调节系统的恒压源(液压蓄能器19)驱动做直线运动的油缸13时,换向阀10可以通过各种控制方式(电磁、电液或手动等)工作在不同的工位,实现油缸13的活塞杆伸出、停止和缩回等不同模式。当油缸13工作在停止模式时,第一电动/发电机8不工作。当油缸13工作在伸出或缩回模式时,梭阀12将此时的负载最大压力传给第一压力传感器11,从而控制器22获得油缸13在伸出或缩回时的最大压力plmax,通过第二压力传感器20获得液压蓄能器19的压力pa;第一变量泵/马达9的前后压差△pm1=pa-plmax,根据油缸13的目标速度(由人为设定)和油缸13的参数可以计算第一变量泵/马达9的目标流量Qm1,忽略第一电动/发电机8和第一变量泵/马达9之间的能量损耗,第一电动/发电机8的工作功率pe1=△pm1*Qm1;根据第一电动/发电机8的万有特性曲线可以获得第一电动/发电机8在工作功率为pe1所对应的效率最高点(Tet,net),因此,第一电动/发电机8的目标转速可以通过控制器22输出给第一电机控制7设定为net,而第一变量泵/马达9的排量qm1为:qm1=Tet/△pm1,其中Tet和net分别代表最高效率工作点所对应的扭矩和转速。When the constant pressure source (hydraulic accumulator 19) of the secondary adjustment system drives the oil cylinder 13 for linear motion, the reversing valve 10 can work in different positions through various control methods (electromagnetic, electro-hydraulic or manual, etc.) , to realize different modes such as extending, stopping and retracting the piston rod of the oil cylinder 13. When the oil cylinder 13 works in the stop mode, the first motor/generator 8 does not work. When the oil cylinder 13 works in the extended or retracted mode, the shuttle valve 12 transmits the maximum load pressure at this time to the first pressure sensor 11, so that the controller 22 obtains the maximum pressure p lmax of the oil cylinder 13 when it is extended or retracted , the pressure pa of the hydraulic accumulator 19 is obtained through the second pressure sensor 20; the pressure difference between the front and rear of the first variable pump/motor 9 Δp m1 = p a -p lmax , according to the target speed of the oil cylinder 13 (set artificially ) and the parameters of the oil cylinder 13 can calculate the target flow Q m1 of the first variable pump/motor 9, ignoring the energy loss between the first motor/generator 8 and the first variable pump/motor 9, the first motor/generator 8 The working power p e1 =△p m1 *Q m1 ; according to the universal characteristic curve of the first motor/generator 8 , the highest efficiency point (T et , n et ), therefore, the target rotational speed of the first motor/generator 8 can be output to the first motor control 7 through the controller 22 and set as n et , and the displacement q m1 of the first variable pump/motor 9 is: q m1 = T et /△p m1 , where T et and net represent the torque and speed corresponding to the highest efficiency operating point, respectively.
(3)旋转驱动工作原理(3) Working principle of rotary drive
1)以驱动转台18为例,设定转台18的目标转速信号net,此信号乘以减速器17的减速比i获得第二电动/发电机15的目标转速net2,第二电动/发电机15的目标转速可以通过控制器22输出给第二电机控制器14设定为net2,1) Taking the drive of the turntable 18 as an example, set the target speed signal n et of the turntable 18, multiply this signal by the reduction ratio i of the reducer 17 to obtain the target speed n et2 of the second motor/generator 15, the second motor/generator The target rotational speed of the motor 15 can be output to the second motor controller 14 through the controller 22 and set as net2 ,
2)第二变量泵/马达16的主要作用是根据第二电动/发电机15的转速差△ne2和液压蓄能器19的压力动态调整排量,进而控制转台18的加减速扭矩。2) The main function of the second variable displacement pump/motor 16 is to dynamically adjust the displacement according to the speed difference Δn e2 of the second motor/generator 15 and the pressure of the hydraulic accumulator 19, and then control the acceleration and deceleration torque of the turntable 18.
△ne2=net2-net,当△ne2较大时,即大于△ne2c1,说明第二电动/发电机15的实际转速和目标转速的转速差较大,此时通过控制器22调节第二变量泵/马达16的变量装置,把第二变量泵/马达16的排量设置为最大值qm2max,保证第二电动/发电机15的快速响应;同理,当△ne2较小时,即小于△ne2c2时,说明第二电动/发电机15的实际速度接近目标转速,此时通过控制器22调节第二变量泵/马达16的变量装置,把第二变量泵/马达16的排量可以设置成一个较小值qm2min,而当转速差值△ne2介于△ne2c1和△ne2c1之间时,用△ne2动态修改第二变量泵/马达16的排量,即△ne2差值越大,第二变量泵/马达16的排量也越大,因此,第二变量泵/马达16的排量控制规则如下:△n e2 =n et2 -n et , when △n e2 is larger, that is, greater than △n e2c1 , it means that the difference between the actual speed of the second motor/generator 15 and the target speed is relatively large, and at this time, the controller 22 Adjust the variable device of the second variable pump/motor 16, and set the displacement of the second variable pump/motor 16 to the maximum value q m2max to ensure the quick response of the second motor/generator 15; similarly, when △n e2 hour, that is, when it is less than Δn e2c2 , it means that the actual speed of the second motor/generator 15 is close to the target speed. At this time, the controller 22 adjusts the variable device of the second variable pump/motor 16 to turn the second variable pump/motor 16 The displacement can be set to a small value q m2min , and when the speed difference △n e2 is between △n e2c1 and △n e2c1 , use △n e2 to dynamically modify the displacement of the second variable pump/motor 16 , that is, the greater the difference of Δn e2 , the greater the displacement of the second variable pump/motor 16. Therefore, the displacement control rule of the second variable pump/motor 16 is as follows:
其中,△ne2c1和△ne2c2是第二电动/发电机15的转速差的判断阈值,其中△ne2c1大于△ne2c2。Wherein, Δn e2c1 and Δn e2c2 are judgment thresholds of the speed difference of the second motor/generator 15 , wherein Δn e2c1 is greater than Δn e2c2 .
转台18的制动工作原理参考驱动工作原理,此时第二电动/发电机15工作在发电模式,第二变量泵/马达16工作在泵模式,把转台18的制动动能转换成液压能储存在液压蓄能器18中,部分转换电能储储存在电量储存单元6中。The braking working principle of the turntable 18 refers to the driving working principle. At this time, the second motor/generator 15 works in the power generation mode, and the second variable pump/motor 16 works in the pump mode, converting the braking kinetic energy of the turntable 18 into hydraulic energy for storage Part of the converted electrical energy is stored in the electricity storage unit 6 in the hydraulic accumulator 18 .
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明的技术范围作任何限制,故凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何细微修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the technical scope of the present invention in any way, so any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still valid. It belongs to the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
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