CN104453004B - A kind of mixing energy-eliminating shock-absorbing damping unit - Google Patents
A kind of mixing energy-eliminating shock-absorbing damping unit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种耗能效果更加理想的混合消能减振阻尼装置。包括容器、颗粒体系、粘性液体和弹簧体系，其中：颗粒体系由固体颗粒、轴承杆及固定板组成。本发明综合颗粒阻尼器和调谐液体阻尼器的优点，当阻尼装置发生运动时，液体晃荡耗能，颗粒之间的孔洞增加液体晃动耗能能力；同时液体晃荡带动可移动颗粒体系运动，通过可移动颗粒体系在往复运动中撞击内侧固定颗粒体系消耗能量。液相摩擦耗能、固相碰撞与摩擦耗能等多种混合耗能机制，使本发明与传统单一耗能原理的减振阻尼器相比有更大的优势。
The invention relates to a hybrid energy dissipation vibration reduction and damping device with more ideal energy dissipation effect. It includes a container, a granular system, a viscous liquid and a spring system, wherein: the granular system is composed of solid particles, a bearing rod and a fixed plate. The invention integrates the advantages of the particle damper and the tuned liquid damper. When the damping device moves, the liquid sloshing consumes energy, and the holes between the particles increase the liquid sloshing energy consumption capacity; at the same time, the liquid sloshing drives the movable particle system to move, through the movable The moving particle system collides with the inner fixed particle system to consume energy during the reciprocating motion. Various mixed energy consumption mechanisms such as liquid-phase frictional energy consumption, solid-phase collision and frictional energy consumption, etc., make the present invention have greater advantages compared with traditional vibration dampers with a single energy consumption principle.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于消能减振技术领域，涉及一种混合消能减振阻尼装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of energy dissipation and vibration reduction, and relates to a hybrid energy dissipation and vibration reduction damping device.
背景技术Background technique
随着科学技术的发展，结构减振控制装置已成为建筑物及构筑物减振必不可少的结构装置。所谓结构减振控制，就是在结构上设置附加控制装置，由附加装置和结构本身两者共同抵御地震和风振等动力作用，从而减小结构的动力响应，以满足结构安全性、使用性和舒适性的功能要求。根据控制机制的不同, 结构减振控制分为被动控制、主动控制、混合控制及半主动控制。目前土木工程中常用的为被动控制，被动控制可以分为直接消能（耗能减振）法、隔振（基础隔振）法、转移（吸振减振）能量法等，较为常用或被研究较多的技术如调谐质量阻尼器、调谐液体阻尼器、颗粒阻尼器等；其中，调谐质量阻尼技术（TMD）和调谐液体阻尼技术（TLD）已经走向了工程实际，颗粒阻尼技术也逐步应用于土木工程领域，目前处于理论探讨与试验阶段。许多学者对这些阻尼器作用的原理、优化方法作了大量研究，工程技术成熟，减振效果稳定。但在工程广泛应用中，这些阻尼装置也显露出一些不足。例如，多数阻尼器作用机理单一、减振能力有局限；另外，一些阻尼装置在使用过程中也出现负面影响，如颗粒阻尼常响应滞后且产生噪音，调谐液体阻尼提供的附加阻尼比较小等。研制和开发简便实用的新型消能减振装置来克服或避免单独使用装置时的不足已成为满足工程需要的必然趋势。With the development of science and technology, structural vibration control devices have become an indispensable structural device for vibration reduction of buildings and structures. The so-called structural vibration reduction control is to install additional control devices on the structure, and the additional devices and the structure itself can jointly resist the dynamic effects of earthquakes and wind vibrations, thereby reducing the dynamic response of the structure to meet the structural safety, usability and comfort. Sexual functional requirements. According to different control mechanisms, structural vibration control can be divided into passive control, active control, hybrid control and semi-active control. At present, passive control is commonly used in civil engineering. Passive control can be divided into direct energy dissipation (energy consumption and vibration reduction) method, vibration isolation (base vibration isolation) method, transfer (vibration absorption and vibration reduction) energy method, etc., which are more commonly used or studied. More technologies such as tuned mass damper, tuned liquid damper, particle damper, etc. Among them, tuned mass damping technology (TMD) and tuned liquid damping technology (TLD) have moved towards engineering practice, and particle damping technology is also gradually applied to The field of civil engineering is currently in the stage of theoretical discussion and experimentation. Many scholars have done a lot of research on the principle and optimization method of these dampers. The engineering technology is mature and the vibration reduction effect is stable. However, in the wide application of engineering, these damping devices also show some shortcomings. For example, most dampers have a single mechanism of action and limited vibration reduction capabilities; in addition, some damping devices also have negative effects during use, such as particle damping often lagging in response and generating noise, and the additional damping provided by tuned liquid damping is relatively small, etc. It has become an inevitable trend to meet engineering needs to develop and develop simple and practical new energy-dissipating and vibration-reducing devices to overcome or avoid the shortcomings of using the device alone.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是提供一种综合利用固体颗粒、粘性液体、机械部件组成的混合消能减振阻尼装置，该装置减振频带宽、噪音小、效果理想。The object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid energy-dissipating vibration-reducing damping device composed of solid particles, viscous liquid and mechanical components. The device has a wide vibration-reducing frequency band, low noise and ideal effect.
本发明的技术方案如下：Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
本发明提出的混合消能减振阻尼装置，包括容器1、可移动颗粒体系2、固定颗粒体系3、粘性液体4和弹簧体系5，其中：所述可移动颗粒体系2和固定颗粒体系3垂直放置于容器1内，一组固定颗粒体系3位于两组可移动颗粒体系2之间，容器1内装有粘性液体4，所述可移动颗粒体系2由若干个固体颗粒6、轴承杆7及固定板8组成，若干个固体颗粒6沿着纵向和横向排列，组成方阵，固体颗粒6中部沿直径开孔，所述轴承杆7依次穿过沿横向排列的固体颗粒6中部开孔部位，轴承杆7两端穿过固定板8上的预留孔洞11，其端部连接运动轨道9；所述运动轨道9固定于容器1内壁上，所述运动轨道9水平布置，位于同一水平面上相邻的运动轨道9之间设有固定卡槽10；所述固定板8通过弹簧体系5连接容器1内壁；所述固定颗粒体系3由若干个固体颗粒6和轴承杆7组成，若干个固体颗粒6沿着纵向和横向排列，组成方阵，固体颗粒6中部沿直径开孔，所述轴承杆7依次穿过沿横向排列的固体颗粒6中部开孔部位，所述轴承杆7两端分别连接容器1内壁上的固定卡槽10；所述粘性液体4由一种或多种液体混合而成，可在容器 1内振荡，其作用机理类似于调谐液体阻尼器，通过液体晃荡时自由表面的破碎波效应和液体与容器壁的摩擦作用消耗能量，液体晃荡对容器侧压力提供对结构的恢复力，减小结构振动幅度；所述可移动颗粒体系2在容器1内与固定颗粒体系3相互碰撞耗能，弹簧体系5的恢复力帮助可移动颗粒体系2与固定颗粒体系3实现撞击；粘性液体4与可移动颗粒体系2和固定颗粒体系3上的固体颗粒6相互摩擦耗能，同时颗粒之间组成的孔洞，可增加流体粘性，提高耗能能力；可移动颗粒体系2和固定颗粒体系3上的固体颗粒也可沿轴承杆7方向滑动，相互碰撞耗能。The hybrid energy dissipation and vibration reduction damping device proposed by the present invention includes a container 1, a movable particle system 2, a fixed particle system 3, a viscous liquid 4 and a spring system 5, wherein: the movable particle system 2 and the fixed particle system 3 are vertical Placed in a container 1, a group of fixed particle systems 3 is located between two groups of movable particle systems 2, the container 1 is filled with a viscous liquid 4, and the movable particle system 2 consists of several solid particles 6, bearing rods 7 and fixed Composed of plates 8, several solid particles 6 are arranged vertically and horizontally to form a square array, the middle of the solid particles 6 has holes along the diameter, and the bearing rod 7 passes through the openings in the middle of the solid particles 6 arranged in the horizontal direction in turn, and the bearing Both ends of the rod 7 pass through the reserved holes 11 on the fixed plate 8, and its ends are connected to the moving track 9; the moving track 9 is fixed on the inner wall of the container 1, and the moving track 9 is arranged horizontally, adjacent to each other on the same horizontal plane. Fixed slots 10 are provided between the moving tracks 9; the fixed plate 8 is connected to the inner wall of the container 1 through the spring system 5; the fixed particle system 3 is composed of several solid particles 6 and bearing rods 7, and several solid particles 6 Arranged vertically and horizontally to form a square array, the middle of the solid particles 6 has holes along the diameter, the bearing rods 7 pass through the holes in the middle of the solid particles 6 arranged in the horizontal direction, and the two ends of the bearing rods 7 are respectively connected to the container 1 fixed slot 10 on the inner wall; the viscous liquid 4 is formed by mixing one or more liquids, which can vibrate in the container 1, and its action mechanism is similar to that of a tuned liquid damper, through the breaking of the free surface when the liquid sloshes The wave effect and the friction between the liquid and the container wall consume energy, and the sloshing of the liquid provides a restoring force to the structure on the side pressure of the container, reducing the vibration amplitude of the structure; the movable particle system 2 collides with the fixed particle system 3 in the container 1 Energy consumption, the restoring force of the spring system 5 helps the movable particle system 2 and the fixed particle system 3 to achieve collision; the viscous liquid 4 rubs against the solid particles 6 on the movable particle system 2 and the fixed particle system 3 to consume energy, and at the same time, the particles The holes formed between them can increase the viscosity of the fluid and improve the energy dissipation capacity; the solid particles on the movable particle system 2 and the fixed particle system 3 can also slide along the direction of the bearing rod 7 and collide with each other to consume energy.
本发明中，所述容器1内部设有弹簧体系5，通过恢复力使可移动颗粒体系2向固定颗粒体系3方向发生运动，实现有效碰撞耗能。同时设置弹簧体系参数（如数量、劲度系数）和可移动颗粒体系2的质量，使可移动颗粒体系2的运动频率与结构基频调谐，提高减振耗能效率。In the present invention, the container 1 is provided with a spring system 5 , which moves the movable particle system 2 to the direction of the fixed particle system 3 through restoring force, so as to realize effective collision energy consumption. At the same time, the parameters of the spring system (such as quantity and stiffness coefficient) and the quality of the movable particle system 2 are set, so that the movement frequency of the movable particle system 2 is tuned to the fundamental frequency of the structure, and the efficiency of vibration reduction and energy consumption is improved.
本发明中，所述固定板8上设有弹簧挂钩12，所述弹簧挂钩12与弹簧体系5匹配。In the present invention, the fixing plate 8 is provided with a spring hook 12 , and the spring hook 12 is matched with the spring system 5 .
本发明中，所述容器1内中间底部设有连杆颗粒体系。连杆颗粒体系分为可移动颗粒体系2和固定颗粒体系3。其中纵向运动的减振通过可移动颗粒体系2和固定颗粒体系3之间相互碰撞完成；横向运动的减振通过可移动颗粒体系2和固定颗粒体系3内固体颗粒6沿轴承杆7方向运动而碰撞耗能。In the present invention, the middle bottom of the container 1 is provided with a connecting rod particle system. The connecting rod granular system is divided into movable granular system 2 and fixed granular system 3. The vibration reduction of the longitudinal motion is accomplished by the collision between the movable particle system 2 and the fixed particle system 3; the vibration reduction of the lateral motion is achieved by the movement of the solid particles 6 in the movable particle system 2 and the fixed particle system 3 along the direction of the bearing rod 7 Collision energy consumption.
本发明中，所述容器1可通过固定器或悬吊器与被减振结构相连，将阻尼器安装在结构上达到耗能减振效果。可采取固定器使阻尼器通过螺母固定于框架结构内部，可采取悬吊器使阻尼器通过吊杆悬吊在主结构内部。In the present invention, the container 1 can be connected to the structure to be damped through a fixer or a hanger, and the damper is installed on the structure to achieve the effect of energy consumption and vibration reduction. Fixers can be used to fix the damper inside the frame structure through nuts, and hangers can be used to hang the damper inside the main structure through suspenders.
本发明中，所述该粘性液体4可采取粘性系数不同的一种或多种稳定液体，可分层或混合。In the present invention, the viscous liquid 4 can be one or more stable liquids with different viscosity coefficients, which can be layered or mixed.
本发明中，所述运动轨道9和固定卡槽10的设计可方便替换连杆可移动颗粒体系2、固定颗粒体系3。In the present invention, the design of the moving track 9 and the fixed slot 10 can facilitate the replacement of the movable particle system 2 and the fixed particle system 3 of the connecting rod.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点与有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1、本发明结构清晰简单，且采用可更换的内部连杆颗粒体系及液体，可长期有效帮助结构减振耗能。1. The structure of the present invention is clear and simple, and the replaceable internal connecting rod particle system and liquid are used, which can effectively help the structure reduce vibration and consume energy for a long time.
2、本发明混合利用颗粒阻尼装置、调谐液体阻尼装置的优点，增大减振频带，增强耗能减振效果。2. The present invention uses the advantages of the particle damping device and the tuned liquid damping device to increase the frequency band of vibration reduction and enhance the effect of energy consumption and vibration reduction.
3、颗粒之间形成的孔洞可提高液体晃荡阻尼，提高耗能效率。3. The holes formed between the particles can improve the liquid sloshing damping and improve the energy consumption efficiency.
4、弹簧不仅可实现连杆颗粒体系产生有效碰撞，同时使可移动颗粒体系2运动与结构基频调谐，增大耗能效果。4. The spring can not only realize the effective collision of the particle system of the connecting rod, but also make the movement of the movable particle system 2 tune with the fundamental frequency of the structure, increasing the energy consumption effect.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例的试验装置的主视图。Fig. 1 is a front view of a test device of an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是本发明实施例的试验装置的左视图。Fig. 2 is a left side view of the test device of the embodiment of the present invention.
图3是本发明实施例的试验装置的俯视图。Fig. 3 is a top view of the test device of the embodiment of the present invention.
图4是阻尼器颗粒详图。Figure 4 is a detailed view of the damper particle.
图5是固定板主视图。Fig. 5 is a front view of the fixing plate.
图6是固定板左视图。Figure 6 is a left side view of the fixing plate.
图7是固定颗粒体系详图。Figure 7 is a detailed view of the immobilized particle system.
图8是可移动颗粒体系详图。Figure 8 is a detailed view of the movable particle system.
图9是容器详图。Figure 9 is a detailed view of the container.
图10是容器1-1剖面图。Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the container 1-1.
图中标号：1为容器，2为可移动颗粒体系，3为固定颗粒体系，4为粘性液体，5为弹簧体系，6为固体颗粒，7为轴承杆，8为固定板，9为运动轨道，10为固定卡槽，11为预留孔洞，12为弹簧挂钩。Numbers in the figure: 1 is the container, 2 is the movable particle system, 3 is the fixed particle system, 4 is the viscous liquid, 5 is the spring system, 6 is the solid particle, 7 is the bearing rod, 8 is the fixed plate, 9 is the moving track , 10 is a fixed card slot, 11 is a reserved hole, and 12 is a spring hook.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实例做进一步说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example do further explanation:
实施例1：请参阅图1、图2、图3是本发明试验装置整体结构各个方向视图示意图。Embodiment 1: Please refer to FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 , and FIG. 3 , which are schematic diagrams of views from various directions of the overall structure of the test device of the present invention.
容器1为长方体，容纳所有耗能物质。可移动颗粒体系2由一种或多种材料制成的一种或多种固体颗粒6、轴承杆7以及固定板8组成。固定颗粒体系3由一种或多种材料制成的一种或多种固体颗粒6以及轴承杆7组成。粘性液体4由一种或多种稳定液体组成，可分层或混合。其物理性质要求耐热，不易挥发，不易燃，化学性质稳定，粘性系数视被控结构要求的耗能能力而定。若为多种液体混合使用，要求不能发生过激化学反应，最好不发生任何化学反应，对颗粒体无腐蚀作用。运动轨道9以及固定卡槽10可以方便阻尼装置在使用过程中更换固定颗粒体系2、可移动颗粒体系3。Container 1 is a cuboid, containing all energy-consuming substances. The movable particle system 2 consists of one or more solid particles 6 made of one or more materials, a bearing rod 7 and a fixed plate 8 . The fixed particle system 3 consists of one or more solid particles 6 of one or more materials and bearing rods 7 . Viscous liquid 4 consists of one or more stable liquids that can be layered or mixed. Its physical properties require heat resistance, non-volatile, non-flammable, stable chemical properties, and the viscosity coefficient depends on the energy dissipation capacity required by the controlled structure. If it is mixed with multiple liquids, it is required that no excessive chemical reaction occurs, preferably no chemical reaction occurs, and it has no corrosive effect on the granules. The moving track 9 and the fixed slot 10 can facilitate the replacement of the fixed particle system 2 and the movable particle system 3 during the use of the damping device.
具体的，请参阅图1、图2、图3，本发明试验装置整体结构各个方向视图示意图。图中轴承杆7通过容器1侧面运动轨道9和容器1连接，可以自由滚动；固体颗粒6串在轴承杆7上；固定板开孔洞11，直径与轴承杆7匹配，使得轴承杆7可固定于固定板8上。固定板8边侧突起若干个弹簧挂钩12，可与弹簧体系5相连，弹簧体系5另一端与容器1连接。将一定数量的某种或多种固体颗粒6组成的可移动颗粒体系2及固定颗粒体系3置于容器1内，颗粒间可碰撞及摩擦耗能。之后向容器1中注入一定量某种粘性液体4，通过液体晃荡，对容器的侧压力可作为结构恢复力，减小结构运动幅度，同时颗粒间的小孔起到晶格作用，增加液体粘性，提高耗能能力。此过程中粘性液体4自身组成分子之间可摩擦耗能，粘性液体4与可移动颗粒体系2、固定颗粒体系3上的固体颗粒6之间可摩擦耗能，可移动颗粒体系2及固定颗粒体系3可相互碰撞耗能，可移动颗粒体系2、固定颗粒体系3自身组成颗粒体间相互碰撞及摩擦耗能。粘性液体4的种类与体积可根据实际应用情况进行调节。在确定可移动颗粒体系2、固定颗粒体系3与粘性液体4后，可根据被控结构的动力特性设计弹簧5参数（数量、刚度系数），使可移动颗粒体系2与被控结构调谐运动，达到更佳的减振效果。Specifically, please refer to FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 , and FIG. 3 , which are schematic views of various directions of the overall structure of the test device of the present invention. In the figure, the bearing rod 7 is connected with the container 1 through the side motion track 9 of the container 1, and can roll freely; the solid particles 6 are strung on the bearing rod 7; the fixing plate has a hole 11 whose diameter matches the bearing rod 7, so that the bearing rod 7 can be fixed on the fixed plate 8. Several spring hooks 12 protrude from the side of the fixing plate 8, which can be connected with the spring system 5, and the other end of the spring system 5 is connected with the container 1. A certain amount of movable particle system 2 and fixed particle system 3 composed of one or more solid particles 6 are placed in the container 1, and the particles can collide and frictionally consume energy. Then inject a certain amount of viscous liquid 4 into the container 1, and through the sloshing of the liquid, the lateral pressure on the container can be used as a structural restoring force to reduce the range of structural movement, and at the same time, the small holes between the particles act as a lattice to increase the viscosity of the liquid , Improve energy consumption. In this process, the viscous liquid 4 itself can frictionally consume energy between the constituent molecules, and the viscous liquid 4 can frictionally consume energy with the solid particles 6 on the movable particle system 2 and the fixed particle system 3, and the movable particle system 2 and the fixed particle system System 3 can collide with each other to consume energy, and the movable particle system 2 and fixed particle system 3 can collide with each other and consume energy by friction among the particles. The type and volume of the viscous liquid 4 can be adjusted according to actual application conditions. After determining the movable particle system 2, the fixed particle system 3 and the viscous liquid 4, the spring 5 parameters (quantity, stiffness coefficient) can be designed according to the dynamic characteristics of the controlled structure, so that the movable particle system 2 and the controlled structure can move in harmony, To achieve better vibration reduction effect.
在图4所示颗粒详图中，固体颗粒6中部沿直径开孔，用于和轴承杆7连接，固体颗粒6直径稍大于轴承杆7直径，便于固体颗粒6沿轴承杆滑动碰撞。In the detailed view of the particles shown in Figure 4, the middle part of the solid particle 6 has a hole along the diameter for connecting with the bearing rod 7. The diameter of the solid particle 6 is slightly larger than the diameter of the bearing rod 7, so that the solid particle 6 slides and collides along the bearing rod.
图5和图6分别是固定板8的主视图和侧视图，固定板开孔洞11，直径与轴承杆7匹配，使得轴承杆7可固定于固定板8上。固定板8边侧突起若干个弹簧挂钩12，可与弹簧体系5相连，弹簧体系5另一端与容器1连接。5 and 6 are the front view and side view of the fixing plate 8 respectively. The fixing plate has a hole 11 whose diameter matches the bearing rod 7 so that the bearing rod 7 can be fixed on the fixing plate 8 . Several spring hooks 12 protrude from the side of the fixing plate 8, which can be connected with the spring system 5, and the other end of the spring system 5 is connected with the container 1.
图7和图8分别是固定颗粒体系2和可移动颗粒体系3结构详图。可移动颗粒体系2由固体颗粒6、轴承杆7以及固定板8组成；固定颗粒体系3由固体颗粒6以及轴承杆7组成。7 and 8 are the detailed structural diagrams of the fixed particle system 2 and the movable particle system 3 respectively. The movable particle system 2 is composed of solid particles 6 , bearing rods 7 and fixed plates 8 ; the fixed particle system 3 is composed of solid particles 6 and bearing rods 7 .
图9和图10分别是容器1剖面图以及1-1剖面图。容器1壁上分别刻有运动轨道9及固定卡槽10，直径与轴承杆7匹配，运动轨道9可使可移动颗粒体系2自由滑动，固定卡槽10将固定颗粒体系3与容器1固定连接。Figure 9 and Figure 10 are a sectional view of container 1 and a sectional view of container 1-1, respectively. The wall of the container 1 is respectively engraved with a moving track 9 and a fixed slot 10, the diameter of which matches the bearing rod 7. The moving track 9 allows the movable particle system 2 to slide freely, and the fixed slot 10 connects the fixed particle system 3 to the container 1. .
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和应用本发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改，并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本发明不限于这里的实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示，对于本发明做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description of the embodiments is for those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and apply the present invention. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments, and apply the general principles described here to other embodiments without creative efforts. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments herein, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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