CN104449861B - A kind of carbonaceous material staged conversion device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbonaceous material graded transformation device and method, and relates to the technical field of gasification of carbonaceous materials such as coal and biomass. Unable to flow in each reaction area and forced to stop. The carbonaceous material grading conversion device disclosed in the present invention comprises: a furnace body, the lower part of the furnace body is obliquely provided with a gas distributor, and the opening direction of the upper hole of the gas distributor is at a predetermined angle to the vertical line on the surface of the gas distributor so that the gasification agent and/or combustion agent injected into the furnace body through the gas distributor forms a stable single-circulation flow field in the height direction; the bottom edge of the furnace body and the gas distributor A slag discharge port is provided at the position where the low water level is connected; a feed port is provided on the side wall of the furnace body opposite to the slag discharge port. The device and method for graded transformation of carbonaceous materials disclosed by the invention are suitable for the graded transformation process of carbonaceous materials.

Description

A device and method for graded conversion of carbonaceous materials

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of gasification of carbonaceous materials such as coal and biomass, in particular to a device and method for graded conversion of carbonaceous materials.

Background technique

The graded conversion and utilization technology of coal is to organically combine multiple processes such as coal upgrading, pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion to obtain chemicals and by-products in different processes, and to achieve coupling suppression and effective removal of pollutants. Therefore, a more economical method is used to solve the problem of pollutant control in the process of coal utilization, so as to realize the comprehensive and efficient utilization of coal.

The graded conversion devices and methods disclosed in the prior art basically distinguish the stages of coal graded conversion through specific equipment structures, specifically: at least two layers of gas in the form of orifice plates are arranged in the gasifier shell. The distributor divides the internal space of the gasifier into upper space, middle space and lower space. These three spaces correspond to the partial pyrolysis zone, catalytic gasification zone and residue gasification zone in the coal graded conversion from top to bottom. . During the catalytic coal gasification process, the pulverized coal is contacted in the partial pyrolysis zone with the gas stream from the catalytic gasification zone to partially pyrolyze the pulverized coal to produce a gas stream containing methane and partially pyrolyzed coal; the partially pyrolyzed coal The powder falls to the catalytic gasification zone, and contacts with the gas stream from the residue gasification zone in the presence of a catalyst to generate a gas stream and unreacted coal residue, wherein the gas stream rises to the partial pyrolysis zone, and the unreacted coal residue The coal residue falls to the residue gasification area; the coal residue contacts with the gasification agent in the residue gasification area to generate gas stream and ash, among which, the gas stream rises to the catalytic gasification area, and the ash is discharged out of the gasifier. In the above gasification process, the solid material flows between the spaces through the overflow pipe on the gas distributor installed in the shell of the gasifier. The overflow of the material cannot be accurately controlled during the operation process, which may easily lead to gasification in the overflow pipe. Blockage blocks the flow of materials between the various spaces, and cannot realize the graded conversion of pulverized coal in the furnace, so it is forced to stop; moreover, the structure of the above-mentioned gasifier is complicated, and the processing and installation of internal components are difficult.

Contents of the invention

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a carbonaceous material graded conversion device and method, which are simple in structure and installation, easy to operate, and will not be forced to stop because the material cannot flow in each reaction area.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

On the one hand, the present invention provides a carbonaceous material graded conversion device, which includes a furnace body, a gas distributor is installed obliquely at the lower part of the furnace body, and the opening direction of the upper hole of the gas distributor is in line with the surface of the gas distributor. The vertical line is at a predetermined angle, so that the gasification agent and/or combustion agent injected into the furnace body through the gas distributor forms a stable single-circulation flow field in the height direction;

A slag outlet is provided at the bottom edge of the furnace body and at the position connected to the lower level of the gas distributor;

A feed inlet is provided on the side wall of the furnace body opposite to the slag outlet.

Optionally, the angle between the gas distributor and the horizontal plane is 5-30°.

Preferably, the angle between the gas distributor and the horizontal plane is 10-20°.

Optionally, the opening direction of the hole on the gas distributor is 0-90° to the perpendicular to the surface of the gas distributor.

Further, at least one gas chamber is provided between the lower surface of the gas distributor and the bottom wall of the furnace body.

Preferably, a first air chamber and a second air chamber are provided between the lower surface of the gas distributor and the bottom wall of the furnace body; the first air chamber is arranged adjacent to the slag discharge port, and the second air chamber The second air chamber is arranged opposite to the slag discharge port.

On the other hand, the embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for graded conversion of carbonaceous materials, using the device for graded conversion of carbonaceous materials described in any of the above technical solutions, the method comprising:

Feed carbonaceous materials into the furnace body through the feed port;

The gasification agent and/or combustion agent is introduced into the furnace body through an obliquely arranged gas distributor, and the gasification agent and/or combustion agent forms a stable single-circulation flow field in the height direction of the furnace body, Moreover, at least one reaction zone is sequentially formed in the furnace body from top to bottom.

Specifically, the at least one reaction zone specifically includes: a pyrolysis zone, a gasification zone, and a combustion zone with the same or different temperature ranges.

Optionally, the introduction of the gasification agent and/or combustion agent into the furnace body through an obliquely arranged gas distributor specifically includes:

Through the first gas chamber arranged adjacent to the slagging outlet through the lower part of the gas distributor, the combustion agent is introduced into the furnace body through the inclined gas distributor; The gas chamber feeds the gasification agent into the furnace body through the inclined gas distributor; or,

Through the first gas chamber and the second gas chamber at the lower part of the gas distributor, the gasification agent and the combustion agent are passed into the furnace body through the obliquely arranged gas distributor.

In addition, during the graded conversion process of carbonaceous materials, the pressure in the furnace body is 0.1-7.0 MPa.

In the device and method for graded conversion of carbonaceous materials provided by the embodiments of the present invention, the gas distributor is installed obliquely, and the opening direction of the hole on the gas distributor is at a predetermined angle to the vertical line on the surface of the gas distributor, so that during the gasification process, through Gases such as gasification agent and/or combustion agent injected into the furnace body by the gas distributor can form a stable single-circulation flow field in the height direction of the furnace body. By controlling the oxygen concentration in gasification agent and/or combustion agent and other gases , which can match the temperature of different flow field areas in the furnace body with the temperature range required for the graded conversion reaction of carbonaceous materials, so that at least one reaction zone is formed sequentially from top to bottom in the furnace body, realizing the high efficiency of graded conversion of carbonaceous materials Utilization; that is to say, the carbonaceous material graded conversion device and method provided by the embodiments of the present invention, through the single circulation flow field of gasification agent and/or combustion agent and the control of oxygen concentration in gasification agent and/or combustion agent Each reaction zone required by the carbonaceous material can be formed in the furnace body, without the need to divide the inner space of the furnace body into various physical spaces through additional hardware settings such as partitions inside the furnace body. Therefore, the present invention provides The structure, installation and operation of the graded conversion device for carbonaceous materials are simple, and the flow of carbonaceous materials during the gasification process is smooth, and there will be no forced shutdown due to the inability of carbonaceous materials to flow in each reaction area.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a carbonaceous material graded conversion device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for fractional conversion of carbonaceous materials provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a carbonaceous material graded conversion device, including a furnace body 15, a gas distributor 17 is installed obliquely on the lower part of the furnace body 15, and the opening direction of the holes on the gas distributor 17 is related to the gas distribution. The vertical line on the surface of the device 17 is at a predetermined angle, so that the gasification agent and/or combustion agent injected into the furnace body 15 through the gas distributor 17 forms a stable single-circulation flow field in the height direction; the bottom edge of the furnace body 15, A slag outlet 19 is provided at a position connected to the lower level of the gas distributor 17 ; a feed inlet 13 is provided on the side wall of the furnace body 15 opposite to the slag outlet 19 .

In the carbonaceous material graded conversion device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the gas distributor 17 is arranged obliquely, and the opening direction of the hole on the gas distributor 17 forms a predetermined angle with the vertical line on the surface of the gas distributor 17, so that during the gasification process, Gases such as gasification agent and/or combustion agent injected into the furnace body 15 through the gas distributor 17 can form a stable single-circulation flow field in the height direction of the furnace body 15. By controlling the gasification agent and/or combustion agent The oxygen concentration in the gas can match the temperature of different flow field regions in the furnace body 15 with the temperature range required for the graded conversion reaction of carbonaceous materials, so that at least one reaction zone is sequentially formed in the furnace body 15 from top to bottom , realizing the efficient utilization of the graded conversion of carbonaceous materials; that is to say, the device for graded conversion of carbonaceous materials provided by the embodiment of the present invention, through the single circulation flow field of gasification agent and/or combustion agent and the gasification agent and/or Or the control of the oxygen concentration in the combustion agent can form the various reaction zones required by the carbon-containing materials in the furnace body, without the need to divide the inner space of the furnace body into various entities through additional hardware settings such as partitions inside the furnace body Therefore, the structure, installation and operation of the graded conversion device for carbonaceous materials provided by the present invention are simple, and the flow of carbonaceous materials is smooth during the gasification process. .

It should be noted that during the gasification process, by controlling the concentration of oxygen in the gasification agent and/or combustion agent, the temperature of different flow field areas in the furnace body 15 can be adjusted to the temperature required for the graded conversion reaction of carbonaceous materials. The matching range can be determined by those skilled in the art according to the actual conditions such as the type of carbonaceous materials, the particle size distribution of carbonaceous materials, and the handling capacity of carbonaceous materials in the actual operation process, as well as their own operating experience. No more details.

Specifically, at least one reaction zone formed sequentially from top to bottom in the furnace body 15 may specifically include a pyrolysis zone, a gasification zone, and a combustion zone with the same or different temperature ranges.

In the embodiment of the present invention, as long as the oblique setting of the gas distributor 17 cooperates with the setting of the opening direction of the hole on the gas distributor 17, the gas injected into the furnace body 15 through the gas distributor 17 can be formed in the height direction. A stable single-circulation flow field as shown in FIG. 1 is sufficient, and their respective specific settings can be realized in various ways.

For example, the angle between the obliquely arranged gas distributor 17 and the horizontal plane can be 5-30°, preferably 10-20°, such as 5°, 8°, 10°, 12°, 15°, 18°, 20° °, 22°, 25°, 28° or 30°.

The opening direction of the hole on the gas distributor 17 and the perpendicular line to the surface of the gas distributor 17 can be 0-90°, such as 0°, that is, the opening direction of the hole on the gas distributor 17 can be perpendicular to the surface of the gas distributor 17, or it can be Greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90°, such as 10°, 20°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° or 90°.

Specifically, the gas distributor 17 may be a gas distribution plate, such as a flat plate distribution plate. The embodiment of the present invention does not limit the parameters such as the opening rate and opening size of the gas distributor 17, and those skilled in the art can make specific selections according to the actual conditions such as the scale of the furnace body and the amount of material handled.

Furnace body 15 can be cylindrical as shown in Figure 1, and can also be other shapes, such as cuboid, hexagonal column or octagonal column, etc., in a word, as long as it can accommodate a certain amount of carbonaceous materials. , which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.

The feed port 13 on the furnace body 15 is located on the side opposite to the slag discharge port 19, that is, on the high level side of the gas distributor 17; the height of the feed port 13 on the furnace body 15, that is, the feed port 13 to The distance at the bottom of the furnace body 15 can be determined according to the processing capacity of the furnace body 15, that is, the height of the material holding capacity in the furnace. For example, if the material processing capacity of the furnace body 15 is large, the feed port 13 can be appropriately higher; When the material handling capacity of the body 15 is small, the feed port 13 can be appropriately lowered. In a word, as long as the material handling capacity requirement can be met, the present invention is not limited to this.

At least one gas chamber may be provided between the lower surface of the gas distributor 17 and the bottom wall of the furnace body 15 . For example, as shown in Figure 1, a first gas chamber I and a second gas chamber II may be provided between the lower surface of the gas distributor 17 and the bottom wall of the furnace body 15, and the first gas chamber I is adjacent to the slag outlet 19 Setting, the second gas chamber II is opposite to the slag discharge port 19, that is, the space between the lower surface of the gas distributor 17 and the bottom wall of the furnace body 15 is divided into the first gas chamber I close to the slag discharge port 19 and the first gas chamber I away from the slag discharge port. The second gas chamber II of 19; or, the space between the lower surface of the gas distributor 17 and the bottom wall of the furnace body 15 is not divided, and the space is directly used as a gas chamber.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the gas-solid two-phase flow contact in the furnace body 15 is used to carry out related reactions by utilizing the change of the flow field characteristics and temperature gradient in the furnace body 15 and coupling with the graded conversion of carbonaceous materials. The gas distributor 17 is arranged obliquely, so that the type of flow field in the furnace body 15 is a single-circulation flow, and the heat of combustion is driven and dispersed by the single-circulation flow to realize a gradient distribution of temperature. Driven by the flow field, corresponding chemical reactions occur in different temperature zones, as shown in Figure 1.

The specific reaction process can be: the carbonaceous material enters the furnace body 15 through the feed pipe 13, and the carbonaceous material that has just entered the furnace is in a low temperature pyrolysis zone (such as The position shown in area C in Figure 1) undergoes a pyrolysis reaction, producing gaseous products containing a certain amount of tar and methane and semi-coke after pyrolysis, and the gaseous products generated by pyrolysis follow the airflow through the exhaust port 11 and are taken out of the furnace body 15 , the semi-coke after pyrolysis enters the medium-temperature gasification zone with a temperature of about 700°C (the temperature range is generally 600-1000°C) along with the gas-solid cycle, that is, the position shown in area B in Figure 1, where it is gasified zone, the semi-coke is in contact with the gasification agent introduced from the second gas chamber II and undergoes a gasification reaction to generate gas products containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and carbon dioxide and gasification slag with a certain carbon content, and the gas products follow the gas flow Taken out of the furnace, the gasified slag follows the gas-solid circulation into the high-temperature combustion zone with a temperature of about 850°C (the temperature range is generally 800-1300°C), that is, the position shown in area A in Figure 1. The combustion agent introduced into the gas chamber I contacts and fully burns, and the gas products after combustion are taken out of the furnace body following the air flow, and the residue after combustion is discharged out of the furnace body through the slag discharge port 19 at the bottom of the furnace body 15, thereby completing the removal of carbonaceous materials. Grading conversion.

Or, in the staged conversion process of carbonaceous materials, the medium-temperature gasification zone and the high-temperature combustion zone can also be combined together, which mainly depends on the feeding area of the gasification agent or combustion agent, that is, when the first gas chamber I and the second gas chamber When the gas chamber II is integrated or the two gas chambers are fed with the same gasification agent and combustion agent, the furnace body 15 of the carbonaceous material classification conversion device is mainly divided into a low-temperature pyrolysis zone with a temperature range of about 400-600°C And the gasification and combustion zone with a temperature range of about 600-1300°C.

The carbonaceous material graded conversion device provided by the embodiment of the present invention uses the change of the flow field characteristics and temperature gradient in the gasifier to couple with the carbonaceous material graded conversion, and conducts related reactions through the gas-solid two-phase flow contact in the furnace. Reasonable use of the generation law of high value-added substances in carbonaceous materials, stable operation, higher conversion rate of carbonaceous materials and higher methane content, in addition, there are no complicated internal components in the equipment, and the equipment is simple.

Correspondingly, as shown in Figure 2, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for the graded conversion of carbonaceous materials, using any device for the graded conversion of carbonaceous materials provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the method may include:

S1. Feed carbonaceous materials into the furnace body through the feed port;

S2. Pass gasification agent and/or combustion agent into the furnace body through an obliquely arranged gas distributor, and the gasification agent and/or combustion agent form a stable single-circulation flow field in the height direction of the furnace body, and, At least one reaction zone is sequentially formed in the furnace body from top to bottom.

In the method for graded conversion of carbonaceous materials provided by the embodiments of the present invention, the gasification agent and/or combustion agent is introduced into the furnace body through an obliquely arranged gas distributor, so that the gasification agent and/or combustion agent can be placed in the height direction of the furnace body A stable single-circulation flow field is formed on the top, and by controlling the oxygen concentration in the gasification agent and/or combustion agent, the temperature of different flow field areas in the furnace body can be matched with the temperature range required for the graded conversion reaction of carbonaceous materials, thereby At least one reaction zone is sequentially formed in the furnace body from top to bottom, realizing the graded transformation and utilization of carbonaceous materials; The single circulation flow field of the gas and the control of the oxygen concentration in the gasification agent and/or combustion agent can form various reaction zones required for carbon-containing materials in the furnace body, without the need for additional partitions inside the furnace body The internal space of the furnace body is divided into various physical spaces by means of other hardware settings. Therefore, the method of the carbonaceous material graded conversion device provided by the present invention is simple to operate, and the carbonaceous material flows smoothly during the gasification process, and will not be unable to process due to carbonaceous materials. Flow in various reaction areas and cause forced shutdown.

Specifically, in the above step S2, at least one reaction zone sequentially formed in the furnace body from top to bottom may specifically include: a pyrolysis zone, a gasification zone, and a combustion zone with the same or different temperature ranges.

In the above step S2, the introduction of the gasification agent and/or combustion agent into the furnace body through the inclined gas distributor may specifically include:

The first gas chamber set adjacent to the slag outlet through the lower part of the gas distributor passes the combustion agent into the furnace body through the inclined gas distributor; the second air chamber set opposite the slagging outlet through the inclined The set gas distributor feeds the gasifying agent into the furnace body; or,

Through the first gas chamber and the second gas chamber at the lower part of the gas distributor, the gasification agent and the combustion agent are passed into the furnace body through the inclined gas distributor.

That is to say, the combustion agent and the gasification agent may be fed through their respective gas chambers, or may be mixed together and fed through the gas chambers at the same time.

Specifically, the gasification agent in the embodiment of the present invention may be superheated steam, or a mixed gas of at least one of O ₂ , CO or H ₂ and superheated steam. Typical but non-limiting examples can be that the gasification agent can be superheated steam, a combination of superheated steam and _O2 , a combination of superheated steam and CO, a combination of superheated steam and _H2 , a combination of superheated steam, CO and _H2 Or superheated steam, O ₂ , the combination of CO and H ₂ , etc., can all be used to implement the present invention.

The combustion agent can be one of _O2 or air. In order to adjust the oxygen concentration, at least one of a certain amount of superheated steam or nitrogen can also be added to the combustion agent, that is, the combustion agent can also be a mixture containing a certain amount of superheated steam and / or nitrogen _O2 or air.

The carbonaceous material may include pulverized coal with a predetermined particle size distribution, pulverized coal with a predetermined particle size distribution loaded with catalyst, pulverized coal with a predetermined particle size distribution mixed with biomass powder, or both catalyst loaded and The pulverized coal of the biomass powder having a predetermined particle size distribution, in short, can be a carbonaceous material that needs to be graded and converted, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

During the graded conversion of carbonaceous materials, the pressure in the furnace can be 0.1-7.0 MPa, such as 0.1 MPa, 0.5 MPa, 1 MPa, 2 MPa, 3 MPa, 4 MPa, 5 MPa, 6 MPa or 7 MPa. In this way, according to the different types of target products and carbonaceous materials, by controlling the pressure in the furnace, the yield of graded conversion can be higher. For example, for lignite with high volatile content, generally the pressure can be controlled to 1.0MPa, which is beneficial to tar and methane generation; if it is biomass or anthracite with high coal quality, the pressure is mostly greater than 3MPa, which is conducive to the generation of methane; if the target product is synthesis gas, it can be selected arbitrarily within the pressure range, while considering the equipment investment.

The device and method for fractional transformation of carbonaceous materials provided by the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific examples.

Comparative example 1

Adopt the graded conversion device in the prior art as described in the background of the present invention, that is, two layers of gas distributors in the form of orifice plates are arranged in the shell of the gasifier, and the inner space of the gasifier is divided into upper space, The middle space and the lower space, these three spaces from top to bottom correspond to the partial pyrolysis zone, catalytic gasification zone and residue gasification zone in the coal graded conversion, and the catalytic gasification of a kind of low-quality bituminous coal with a particle size below 2mm In the gasification test, potassium carbonate was used as the catalyst, the load was 10wt%, and the gasification pressure was 2.5MPa. During the test, a combustion agent and a gasification agent are introduced into the furnace, wherein the combustion agent is a mixture of oxygen and superheated steam with an oxygen concentration of 15%, and the gasification agent is a mixture of oxygen and superheated steam with an oxygen concentration of 3%. . By controlling the feeding rate, the oxygen-coal ratio in the furnace is guaranteed to be 0.35Nm ³ /kg, the water-to-coal ratio is 1.1kg/kg, and the coal powder in the furnace flows at a fluidization number more than 3 times. During the test, the temperature in each area was monitored and the composition of the furnace outlet gas was analyzed, and the test continued for 10 hours.

Example 1

The carbonaceous material graded transformation device shown in Figure 1 and the carbonaceous material graded transformation method shown in Figure 2 are adopted in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the gas distributor adopts a porous flat distribution plate, the installation inclination angle is 15°, and the opening ratio is 3%, the catalytic gasification test is carried out on a kind of low-quality bituminous coal with a particle size below 2mm, the catalyst is potassium carbonate, the loading is 10wt%, and the gasification pressure is 2.5MPa. During the test, a combustion agent was passed into the furnace body 15 through the first gas chamber I. The combustion agent was a mixture of oxygen and superheated steam with an oxygen concentration of 15%, and passed into the furnace body 15 through the second gas chamber II Gasification agent, the gasification agent is a mixture of oxygen and superheated steam with an oxygen concentration of 3%. By controlling the feeding rate, the oxygen-coal ratio in the furnace is guaranteed to be 0.35Nm ³ /kg, the water-to-coal ratio is 1.1kg/kg, and the coal powder in the furnace flows at a fluidization number more than 3 times. During the test, the temperature in each area was monitored and the composition of the furnace outlet gas was analyzed, and the test continued for 10 hours.

That is to say, in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, except that the fractional conversion device adopted is different, other parameters are the same.

Analysis of test results

In comparative example 1 and embodiment 1, each regional monitoring temperature is as shown in table 1:

Each zone monitoring temperature in table 1 comparative example 1 and embodiment 1

As can be seen from Table 1, the temperature distribution gradient of each zone of embodiment 1 is compared with comparative example 1, and trend is substantially the same, but the temperature of pyrolysis zone is on the low side in comparative example 1, and this is mainly because the heat transfer mode of the two is different, implements In Example 1, different graded conversion zones are formed through a single circulation flow. The heat transfer is not only gas-solid transfer, but also solid-solid contact transfer, and the heat can be quickly distributed evenly. The graded conversion zone, so the heat transfer is mainly gas-solid transfer, and at the same time, the temperature difference between the zones is large, and the heat loss is large. In Comparative Example 1 and Example 1, the gasification index and the gas composition mean value at the outlet of the furnace body are as shown in Table 2:

Table 2 Comparative example 1 and embodiment 1 gasification index and the gas composition mean value table of the outlet of the furnace body

It can be seen from the above test results that the carbon conversion rate and methane yield of Example 1 are about 9% higher than those of Comparative Example 1, and the effective gas components H ₂ , CO and CH ₄ in the gas composition are as high as 85.34%. At the same time, in Example 1, tar products are also obtained in the gas post-treatment system, which shows that in the carbonaceous material graded conversion device and method provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the carbonaceous material graded conversion process and the gasifier have excellent effects.

Comparative example 2

Adopt the graded conversion device in the prior art as described in the background of the present invention, that is: a layer of gas distributor in the form of an orifice plate is arranged in the gasifier shell, and the inner space of the gasifier is divided into an upper space and an upper space. The lower space, these two spaces from top to bottom correspond to the partial pyrolysis zone and the combustion gasification zone in the coal graded conversion, and the gasification test is carried out on a mixed raw material of low-quality bituminous coal and straw biomass. The particle size of the mixed raw material is less than 2mm, and the concentration of straw biomass is 20wt%. During the test, a mixture of oxygen with an oxygen concentration of 11% and superheated steam was introduced into the furnace, and the gasification pressure was 1.5 MPa. By controlling the feed rate, the oxygen-coal ratio in the furnace is guaranteed to be 0.40Nm ³ /kg, the water-to-coal ratio is 1.2kg/kg, and the coal powder in the furnace flows at a fluidization number more than 3 times. During the test, the temperature in each area was monitored and the composition of the furnace outlet gas was analyzed, and the test continued for 6 hours.

Example 2

The carbonaceous material graded transformation device shown in Figure 1 and the carbonaceous material graded transformation method shown in Figure 2 are adopted in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the gas distributor adopts a porous flat distribution plate, the installation inclination angle is 20°, and the opening ratio is 5%, a gasification test was carried out on a mixed raw material of low-quality bituminous coal and straw biomass. The particle size of the mixed raw material is less than 2mm, the biomass concentration of the straw straw is 20wt%, and the gasification pressure is 1.5MPa. During the test, a mixture of oxygen and superheated steam with an oxygen concentration of 11% was passed into the first chamber I and the second chamber II. By controlling the feed rate, the oxygen-coal ratio in the furnace is guaranteed to be 0.40Nm ³ /kg, the water-to-coal ratio is 1.2kg/kg, and the coal powder in the furnace flows at a fluidization number more than 3 times. During the test, the temperature in each area was monitored and the composition of the furnace outlet gas was analyzed, and the test continued for 10 hours.

That is to say, in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, except that the fractional conversion device adopted is different, other parameters are the same.

Analysis of test results

In comparative example 2 and embodiment 2, each regional monitoring temperature is as shown in table 3:

Table 3 comparative example 2 and embodiment 2 in each regional monitoring temperature

From the monitoring temperature in each area of Table 3, it can be seen that because comparative example 2 merges the gasification zone and the combustion zone, only one group of values is taken during temperature monitoring. The temperature of the gasification zone and the combustion zone is very close in embodiment 2, which means It is because the same gasification agent is fed into the gas chamber I and the gas chamber II, and the functions of the gasification zone and the combustion zone are combined into one, thereby driving the temperature of the pyrolysis zone to rise. The heat exchange mechanism of the two is the same as that of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1, so the temperature in the pyrolysis zone of Example 2 is higher than that of the Comparative Example, and the gasification zone and the combustion zone are roughly equivalent.

The gasification index and the average value of the gas composition at the outlet of the furnace body are shown in Table 4:

Table 4 Comparative example 2 and embodiment 2 gasification index and the gas composition mean value table of the outlet of the furnace body

Since the functions of the gasification zone and the combustion zone are combined, the residence time of the solid product after pyrolysis in the combustion gasification zone becomes longer, so the carbon conversion rates of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 are relatively high, but due to the different heat transfer methods , the pyrolysis product of Example 2, such as CH ₄ , is slightly higher than that of Comparative Example 2, showing good superiority. In addition, it should be noted that in Comparative Example 2, an air lock in the overflow pipe occurred during the test, and the test was forced to stop after 6 hours of the test.

The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Anyone skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A grading conversion device for carbon-containing materials comprises a furnace body and is characterized in that a flat-plate-shaped gas distributor is obliquely arranged at the lower part of the furnace body, the opening direction of an upper hole of the gas distributor forms a preset angle with a vertical line on the surface of the gas distributor, so that a gasification agent and/or a combustion agent injected into the furnace body through the gas distributor form a stable single circulation flow field in the height direction of the furnace body, and the stable single circulation flow field in the furnace body forms a pyrolysis zone, a gasification zone and a combustion zone with sequentially increased temperature from top to bottom by controlling the concentration of oxygen in the gasification agent and/or the combustion agent, so that the grading conversion of the carbon-containing materials is realized;

a slag discharge port is arranged at the edge of the bottom of the furnace body and at the position connected with the low water level of the gas distributor;

and a feed inlet is arranged on one side of the side wall of the furnace body, which is opposite to the slag discharge port.

2. The staged carbonaceous material conversion apparatus of claim 1, wherein the gas distributor has an angle of 5-30 ° with respect to the horizontal plane.

3. The staged carbonaceous material conversion apparatus of claim 2, wherein the gas distributor has an angle of 10-20 ° with respect to the horizontal plane.

4. The staged carbonaceous material conversion apparatus of claim 1, wherein the opening direction of the holes of the gas distributor is 0 to 90 ° from the perpendicular to the surface of the gas distributor.

5. The staged carbonaceous material conversion apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one plenum is provided between the lower surface of the gas distributor and the bottom wall of the furnace body.

6. The staged conversion device for carbonaceous materials according to claim 5, wherein a first air chamber and a second air chamber are arranged between the lower surface of the gas distributor and the bottom wall of the furnace body; the first air chamber and the slag discharge port are arranged adjacently, and the second air chamber and the slag discharge port are arranged oppositely.

7. A method for graded conversion of carbonaceous material, characterized in that the apparatus for graded conversion of carbonaceous material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used, and the method comprises:

introducing a carbon-containing material into the furnace body through the feed inlet;

and introducing a gasification agent and/or a combustion agent into the furnace body through a flat-plate-shaped gas distributor which is obliquely arranged, wherein the gasification agent and/or the combustion agent form a stable single circulation flow field in the height direction of the furnace body, and the stable single circulation flow field in the furnace body forms a pyrolysis zone, a gasification zone and a combustion zone with sequentially increased temperature from top to bottom by controlling the oxygen concentration in the gasification agent and/or the combustion agent so as to realize the fractional conversion of the carbon-containing materials.

8. The method for the fractional conversion of carbonaceous material according to claim 7, wherein said introducing gasifying agents and/or combustion agents into said furnace body through obliquely arranged gas distributors specifically comprises:

introducing a combustion agent into the furnace body through a first gas chamber which is arranged at the lower part of a gas distributor and is adjacent to a slag discharge port and the gas distributor which is obliquely arranged; a second gas chamber arranged at the lower part of the gas distributor and opposite to the slag discharging port is used for introducing gasification agents into the furnace body through the gas distributor which is arranged obliquely; or,

and a gasifying agent and a combustion agent are introduced into the furnace body through the first gas chamber and the second gas chamber at the lower part of the gas distributor and the gas distributor which is obliquely arranged.

9. The method for the fractional conversion of the carbonaceous material according to claim 7, wherein the pressure in the furnace body is 0.1-7.0 MPa during the fractional conversion of the carbonaceous material.