CN104429799B - A kind of prevent and treat Mikania micrantha and spread the shelter belt construction method of harm - Google Patents
A kind of prevent and treat Mikania micrantha and spread the shelter belt construction method of harm Download PDFInfo
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- CN104429799B CN104429799B CN201410700846.6A CN201410700846A CN104429799B CN 104429799 B CN104429799 B CN 104429799B CN 201410700846 A CN201410700846 A CN 201410700846A CN 104429799 B CN104429799 B CN 104429799B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of and prevents and treats Mikania micrantha and spread the shelter belt construction method of harm, planting plants uses " Macaranga tanarius+X " form to resist the growth of Mikania micrantha, " X " is at least one in heavy curtain umbrella maple, Endospermum chinense Benth., cloudy fragrant three kinds of plants, and described Macaranga tanarius is planted in outermost.Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. it is an advantage of the current invention that to use ecological means prevention and control Mikania micrantha, environmentally safe, and there is long-term effectiveness；2. the present invention not only can prevent and treat Mikania micrantha, it is also possible to increases the vegetation coverage in former region, plays and carries out ecological reconstruction and recovery acts on to by harm habitat；3. the present invention only needs to put into manpower and financial support at the shelter belt structure initial stage, substantially need not put into after shelter-forest grows into forest.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of method utilizing many seeds combination shelter belt control Mikania micrantha to spread harm, belong to noxious plant ecological control field.
Background technology
Mikania micrantha Mikania micrantha H. B. K.
It is Compositae Mikania herbaceous perennial vine, in originating in, South America, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical region in Asia-Pacific now and cause serious harm.Mikania micrantha calendar year 2001 is classified as the world ten one of evil grass greatly by World Conservation Union (IUCN), within 2003, is issued as the Alien invasive species very harmful to China by China national Environmental Protection Administration and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.According to statistics, 100,000 hm have been reached by Mikania micrantha in 2009 at the distribution area of China2Above.China is Guangdong, Yunnan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao by endangering serious area at present, and Hainan, Guangxi are in the harm initial stage.
Mikania micrantha is mainly distributed on secondary barren, old-field, leaves uncultivated orchard and by the serious scondary forest of artificial disturbance.Its growth is rapid, stipes can be taken root everywhere, and syngenesis ability is strong, has winding habit；Disturbed habitat can be captured rapidly in new Distribution Area.Mikania micrantha climbs up by holding on on other plant and spreads rapidly, covers large-area forest, and with eciophyte competitive resource, suppression is supported the growth of plant, reduced community diversity, the agricultural district plant growth of serious obstruction and group and recover.Control measure currently for Mikania micrantha mainly have the aspects such as physical removal, chemical prevention, Biological control and Habitat rehabilitation.These several measures are respectively arranged with pluses and minuses.The many fingers of physical removal are manually removed, and mainly clear up Mikania micrantha with the means such as cutting off, excavate.The method is the most easily tried, instant effect, but need to repeatedly clear up, and costly, puts into big, unsuitable large-area applications；Chemical prevention refers to kill with chemical derusting agent and prevent and treat Mikania micrantha.The method is easy to use, instant effect, conveniently large-area applications, but the use of rust remover exists environment hidden danger in some region；Biological control refers to use natural enemy, parasitic plant or control of microorganisms Mikania micrantha.The method still has problems at present in terms of Ecological safety assessment；Habitat rehabilitation refers to, by the intervention to original phytobiocoenose, build group and the habitat being unsuitable for Mikania micrantha growth, thus reach to prevent and treat the purpose of Mikania micrantha.The method belongs to Ecological Control Mikania micrantha category, it is adaptable to suitable for afforestationly, there is not problem of environmental pollution, the control Mikania micrantha that can put things right once and for all, and weak point is that its range is restricted.Habitat rehabilitation method is currently mainly applied and is being transformed by Mikania micrantha hazard area, and mainly carries out discontinuous speckle transformation, does not forms shelter belt, and other regions outside the reconstruction scope remain easily by disaster area.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is the problem existed for the preventing and treating of above-mentioned existing Mikania micrantha, there is provided one can contain Mikania micrantha new individual growth completely, and the preventing and treating Mikania micrantha not destroying surrounding plants group spreads the shelter belt construction method of harm, it is characterized in that, planting plants employing " Macaranga tanarius (Macaranga tanarius
(L.) Muell. Arg.)+X " form is to resist the growth of Mikania micrantha, and " X " uses heavy curtain umbrella mapleHeteropanax fragrans(Roxb.) Seem.), Endospermum chinense Benth. (Endospermum chinense
Benth.), cloudy fragrant (Cinnamomum burmanni
(Nees et T.Nees) Blume) at least one in three kinds of plants, described Macaranga tanarius is planted in outermost.
Wherein, the method suitable application region is relatively low artificial forest, inferior woods, border, the limit, mountain of canopy density, abandons wasteland and leave uncultivated orchard etc., and this region must be the region being suitable for after ground suitable for afforestation or finishing planting trees.Macaranga tanarius is planted in outermost, and i.e. centered by protection zone, protection side farther out, flow separation center is also at first or is easiest to the side endangered by Mikania micrantha.
The present invention uses above technical scheme, has an advantage in that, peripheral plant Macaranga tanarius is stronger than heavy curtain umbrella maple in terms of the climbing covering of anti-Mikania micrantha.Investigation the most in the wild or in test plot, it has been found that the Macaranga tanarius Cheng Shu that covered by Mikania micrantha of canopy；And heavy curtain umbrella maple anti-Mikania micrantha climbing ability is mainly reflected in, when there is no outside holder (such as periphery shrub) transition, Mikania micrantha is difficult to climb to heavy curtain umbrella maple canopy formation cover layer, if having external force to support, heavy curtain umbrella maple canopy exists the probability covered by large area.Therefore, use Macaranga tanarius as peripheral seeds, there is more preferable protection effect.
Preferably, the width in shelter belt is 10 m-50 m.
Preferably, described planting plants selects height of seedling at the life in 1 year of 1-2 m or 2 years raw seedlings or bag Seedling.
Preferably, described plant growing seeding row spacing is 1 m × 2 m to 2 m × 3 m.
Preferably, the time of fostering of shelter-forest nursery stock is 2-3, makes nursery stock not covered by other plant in fostering the phase, and normal growth is without death, and after 2 years, seedling height is at 2.5 more than m.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1. it is an advantage of the current invention that to use ecological means prevention and control Mikania micrantha, environmentally safe, and there is long-term effectiveness.
2. the present invention not only can prevent and treat Mikania micrantha, it is also possible to increases the vegetation coverage in former region, plays and carries out ecological reconstruction and recovery acts on to by harm habitat.
3. the present invention only needs to put into manpower and financial support at the shelter belt structure initial stage, substantially need not put into after shelter-forest grows into forest.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that schematic diagram is arranged in shelter belt of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that rows of plants of the present invention lists intention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the preferably embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail:
As it is shown in figure 1, planting plants uses " Macaranga tanarius+X " form to resist the growth of Mikania micrantha, " X " uses at least one in heavy curtain umbrella maple, Endospermum chinense Benth., cloudy fragrant three kinds of plants, and described Macaranga tanarius is planted in outermost.Wherein, the width in shelter belt is 10 m-50 m.Wherein, A1 represents hillside section, and A2 represents foot of the hill section.
Embodiment 1
Find when the plant of Mikania micrantha growth district is carried out daily management and safeguarded seriously to be covered by Mikania micrantha compared to other seeds, the Mikania micrantha negligible amounts of Macaranga tanarius tree upper climbing winding.(about height of tree 1.5m) seedling below Mikania micrantha hazard area plantation different tree species two age, carries out the observation of a Growing season, finds that all Macaranga tanarius treelet tops blade is uncovered, and plant grows fine, without dead；The blade of all expansion of heavy curtain umbrella maple is the most capped, and on the cover layer, growth is necessarily affected the most orthotropic top Seedling, without dead；The cloudy fragrant whole strain of treelet is capped, poor growth, but without death；Treelet is completely covered Endospermum chinense Benth. substantially, and accidental a small amount of blade exposes Mikania micrantha cover layer, grows suppressed, and treelet mortality rate is about 20%.Therefore think that Macaranga tanarius tree can serve as the peripheral seeds of anti-Mikania micrantha shelter-forest.Macaranga tanarius is not conventional gardens or afforestation kind, difficult from the market obtains a large amount of nursery stocks, and this is probably and limits others and use the reason of these seeds.The method is used mainly to overcome the source of seedling problem of Macaranga tanarius, because applicant has exclusive nursery stock base, so breeding experiment is just attempted and the most successful.
Can be obtained by embodiment 1, the technical program use Macaranga tanarius do peripheral seeds, more preferable than the technical scheme of simple employing heavy curtain umbrella maple.Because the anti-Mikania micrantha climbing ability of Macaranga tanarius is better than heavy curtain umbrella maple, and in this programme, tree-like, canopy and the color of different tree species are had any different, and can combine and form multi-level group.
Embodiment 2
In August, 2010 carries out shelter-forest pilot project in nearly reservoir location, Da Ling Shan forest park southern side, Dongguan.Centered by the region more serious by harm, extend each 50 meters to both sides, extend 15 meters from the bottom of mountain to direction, mountain top, repair out, along equal pitch contour, the growth belt that width is 50cm-60cm.The 6m scope divided bottom mountain, the spacing of growth belt is 2m；In the range of the 9m of direction, mountain top, growth belt spacing is 3m.In four corner, plant is away from being 2m.Seeds spread pattern is: close to 3 growth belts of road side at the bottom of mountain based on Macaranga tanarius, the most then be heavy curtain umbrella maple, Endospermum chinense Benth., cloudy fragrant mixed planting (see figure 2).Afforestation project terminate after two Growing season, i.e. 2011 and spring in 2012 nursery stock in growing area carries out weeding and management of topdressing, late summer in 2011 increased a weeding measure, in addition without additional management.Afforestation region being carried out investigation in 2013 to find, Mikania micrantha cover degree is reduced to less than 5% by about 70% before constructing, and plants plantation average height and reaches more than 85% in more than 2.5m, canopy density.
Comparative example 1
Shenzhen uses in August, 2013 heavy curtain umbrella maple pure forest (planting more than 5 years) control the area of Mikania micrantha and the Macaranga tanarius woods of more than 5 years is planted in In Dongguan, cloudy fragrant woods is investigated, finding that heavy curtain umbrella maple sylvan life other plant seedling number is 0, Macaranga tanarius and the moon perfume (or spice) sylvan life have draft and the shrub seedling such as Ramulus et Folium Bauhiniae Faberi, Bermuda grass, little Hua vacation Ipomoea batatas Lam. and young tree.Adopt each sylvan life 50cm × 5 centimetres of 50cm subquadrat top layer soil and do seed germination experiment, find that heavy curtain umbrella maple sylvan life soil sprouts the seedling number minimum (only 2 strain grass family seedling)；Other sylvan life soil sprout seedling all more than 2 kinds, the strain of Macaranga tanarius sylvan life 3 section 5, the strain of Yin Xiang 2 section 7.Illustrate that Macaranga tanarius, cloudy fragrant woods are little to the inhibitory action of other plant kind compared with heavy curtain umbrella maple woods, more conducively group's follow-up developments.
From embodiment 2 and comparative example 1, single plantation heavy curtain umbrella maple, its allelopathy is strong, the growth of sylvan life Mikania micrantha seedling can be suppressed very well, but also inhibits the growth of other plant kind, hinder the follow-up developments of group, transformation region is the group that the Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes is single for a long time simultaneously.The technical program uses the form of various plants combination plantation to build shelter-forest, on the premise of taking into full account forest land anti-Mikania micrantha ability, the succession of group is also contemplated for wherein, Macaranga tanarius, the probability that the moon is fragrant, Endospermum chinense Benth. sylvan life other plant kind possesses growth.Shelter-forest can form, through long-run development, the group that the Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes is abundant, and the effect of this group anti-Mikania micrantha harm is more excellent, more longlasting.
Above content is to combine concrete preferred implementation further description made for the present invention, it is impossible to assert the present invention be embodied as be confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, it is also possible to make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. prevent and treat Mikania micrantha and spread the shelter belt construction method of harm for one kind, it is characterised in that planting plants uses " Macaranga tanarius+X " form to resist the growth of Mikania micrantha, and " X " uses heavy curtain umbrella maple, Endospermum chinense Benth. and the moon perfume (or spice) mixed planting, and described Macaranga tanarius is planted in outermost；The width in shelter belt is 10 m-50 m；The time of fostering of shelter-forest nursery stock is 2-3, makes nursery stock not covered by other plant in fostering the phase, and normal growth is without death, and after 2 years, seedling height is at 2.5 more than m.
2. preventing and treating Mikania micrantha as claimed in claim 1 spreads the shelter belt construction method of harm, it is characterised in that described planting plants selects height of seedling at the life in 1 year of 1-2 m or 2 years raw seedlings or bag Seedling.
3. preventing and treating Mikania micrantha as claimed in claim 1 spreads the shelter belt construction method of harm, it is characterised in that described plant growing seeding row spacing is 1 m × 2 m to 2 m × 3 m.
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| CN105248201B (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2018-07-27 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | The control method of instruction plant Mikania micrantha in a kind of mangrove |
| CN107912233B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2021-02-05 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Method for physical prevention and control by compensating reaction difference through invasive plant mikania micrantha |
| CN109168806A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-01-11 | 中山大学 | A method of Mikania micrantha is controlled using eciophyte allelopathy |
| CN109601555A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-12 | 中山大学 | Application of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the control of Mikania micrantha and its strain induction method |
| CN109984000B (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2021-12-10 | 深圳市国艺园林建设有限公司 | Comprehensive prevention and control method for invasive species mikania micrantha |
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| CN1826864B (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2012-07-04 | 中山大学 | Method for completely inhibiting growth of new individual of malignant weed mikania micrantha |
| US7939721B2 (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2011-05-10 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Cropping systems for managing weeds |
| CN102960175B (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-12-03 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Method of utilizing replacement control and herbicide application to control mikania micrantha |
| CN103190277A (en) * | 2013-04-20 | 2013-07-10 | 云南省林业科学院 | Method utilizing cuscuta reflexa for controlling mikania micrantha |
| CN104082013A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-10-08 | 云南省林业科学院 | Method for replacing and controlling mikania micrantha by dendrocalamus brandisii |
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